International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Vector control

VectorsSpraying

Mosquito netsEnvironmental modifications

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Vectors and diseases in emergency

Anopheles Aedes Housefly

Diseases Malaria Dengue and yellow fever

Diarrhoeal diseases, skin and eye infections

Larval Exposed to sunlight and associated to floating vegetation in pools, quiet places in slow-running streams, rice fields. Also in artificial containers

Above the water line in pools with clean water. The preferred habitats are water storage tanks and jars inside the and outside houses.

Buried on rotting organic material (human (garbage, excreta).

Adult Active between sunset and sunrise

Rest indoors and outdoor sheltered resting sites

Bite mainly in the morning or evening. Hey rest often outdoors.

Active during the day. Resting indoors.

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Vector borne disease risk

Assessment of potential riskClinical evidenceFactors influencing the risk:

Immune status of the populationMovement of population from a non endemic to an endemic areaPathogen type and prevalenceVector species, behaviour and ecologyExposure to vectors (shelter type)

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Control measures

Mosquitoes

Personal protection Making houses and

shelter insect – proof (Zero fly – insecticide plastic sheeting)

Insecticide spraying Environmental

modifications to prevent breeding (drainage)

Houseflies

Improvement of environmental sanitation (excreta disposal and waste management)

Promotion hygiene practices

Fly traps Control with insecticides

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Personal protection

Bed netsRepellentsMosquito coils

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Sphere

All disaster affected people have the knowledge and the means to protect themselves from diseases and nuisance vectors that are likely to represent a significant risk to health or well-being.

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Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs)

•LLINs are nets treated in the factory with an insecticide incorporated into the net fabric which makes the insecticide last at least 3 years of recommended use under field conditions.

• PermaNet® which is treated with 55mg/m2 of deltamethrin to coat fibres.

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LLINs distribution in emergency

Target population: Children U5 + Pregnant women1 LLIN per household (mother sleeps together with the newborn).House-to-house visits to ensure proper hanging and usage. This might be integrated in ongoing health programmes. In special and urgent situations, this activity can be linked to indoor residual spraying (IRS).Niger Red Cross

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Environmental modifications

tins

tyre

Water containerWater storage tank

obstructed roof gutters)

Dense vegetation

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Insecticide spraying

Specialist attention and involvement of local authorities

Detailed vector study: its resting and biting behaviour and its susceptibility to insecticides.

Trained personnel and protection equipment.

Acceptance of space-spraying by communities.

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Sphere

The numbers of diseases vectors that pose a risk to people’s health and nuisance vectors that pose a risk to people’s well-being are kept to an acceptable level.

Chemical vector control measures are carried out in a manner that ensures that staff, the people affected by the disaster and the local environment are adequately protected. And avoids creating resistance to the substances used.

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Wall Spraying - Efficacy

Mosquito resting behaviourMosquito susceptibility to insecticides (resistance)Suitability of wall surface for sprayingSuitability of insecticideCooperation of community and local authorities

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Wall spraying technique

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Spraying operation

1. Calculating total surface area to be sprayed2. Calculating the amount of insecticide needed

for one round of spraying3. Personnel required:

a) 1 person / 5 Ha / 8-10 houses / day b) Maximum 4 hours / day

4. Equipment required (spare parts, protection equipment)

5. Calculating the time needed to cover the area (spraying time + transport + evacuation + pressurizing or filling with fuel).

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ERU WATSAN Mod.15 Spraying equipment

3 Backpack sprayer (manual, 15 l, 5 bar) 1 backpack sprayer (motorized) Insecticide (Lambda Cihalotrin) (3 bottles 250 grs.) 30 Overalls 30 Globes 30 Face half mask for insecticide application 30 Rubber boots

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Deltametrine

Pyrethroid insecticide: kills insects on contact and through digestion. Available as 2.5% water-dispersible powder. At a dosage of 0.05 g/m2 – effective for mosquitoes - it usually remains effective for 2-3 months.Toxic for human by inhalation or direct contact (gloves and mask are key protective gear)High toxicity to fish, bees and aquatic herbivorous insects In soil, degradation occurs within 1-2 weeks.There is no degradation in storage for 6 months at 40 degrees C.It is considered stable when exposed to air and sunlight.

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The efficient execution of IRS (indoor residual spraying) where necessaryThe appropriate use of LLINsEffective disposal of household solid waste Effective household drainageControl of flies and mosquitoes associated with excreta disposal

Community involvement

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Bibliography

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Thank you……….Thank you……….