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S-8, Exercise 1, Coordination and Subordination

Multiple Choice

Each of the following items contains two or more sentences that can be combined. Select

the revision that makes sense and uses coordination or subordination correctly.

1. People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat. People with bulimia nervosa may go

on an eating binge and then induce vomiting.

a. If people with anorexia nervosa refuse to eat, people with bulimia nervosa may go on

an eating binge and then induce vomiting.

b. People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat, whereas people with bulimia nervosa

may go on an eating binge and then induce vomiting.

c. People with anorexia nervosa may refuse to eat because people with bulimia nervosa

may go on an eating binge and then induce vomiting.

ANS: b

REF: The correct answer is b.

In The Norton Field Guide to Writing, see S-8.

<http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/bullock2_readings_handbo

ok_ebook/welcome.asp?page=31>

In The Little Seagull Handbook, see S-8.

<http://wwnorton.com/college/english/write/LSH/full/s-8-coordination-and-

subordination.html>

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2. According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental

disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year.

Cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.

a. According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental

disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year; as a

result, cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.

b. According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental

disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year, so

cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.

c. According to the American Psychiatric Association, more than three hundred mental

disorders, such as phobias, plague more than forty million U.S. adults each year; in

addition, cognitive disorders, such as dementia, trouble millions of others.

ANS: c

REF: The correct answer is c.






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3. Side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual dysfunction. These

drugs can save lives.

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a. When the side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual

dysfunction, these drugs can save lives.

b. Side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual dysfunction;

obviously, these drugs can save lives.

c. Although the side effects of antidepressant drugs range from dizziness to sexual

dysfunction, these drugs can save lives.

ANS: c







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4. Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient’s head.

This treatment was supposed to release evil spirits. Three treatments replaced the hole

drilling. These were organic treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.

a. Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient’s head to

release evil spirits; eventually, three treatments replaced the hole drilling: organic

treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.

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b. Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the patient’s head,

which was supposed to release evil spirits; nevertheless, three treatments replaced the

hole drilling, and these were organic treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.

c. Even though Previous treatments for mental illness included drilling a hole in the

patient’s head to release evil spirits, three treatments replaced the hole drilling: organic

treatment, psychotherapy, and drug therapy.

ANS: a

REF: The correct answer is a.






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5. Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago. It

took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.

a. Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago; in

fact, it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.

b. Since our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years

ago, it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.

c. Our human ancestors broke rocks to create sharp edges about 2.5 million years ago, yet

it took another million years for them to devise the two-edged hand ax.

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ANS: c







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6. For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn. Then

they wove the yarn into cloth. Humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon, Dacron, and

polyester—as the basis for cloth.

a. For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn, and

they wove the yarn into cloth; but even so, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon,

Dacron, and polyester—as the basis for cloth.

b. For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn and

then wove the yarn into cloth; finally, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon, Dacron,

and polyester—as the basis for cloth.

c. For thousands of years, humans spun flax, wool, cotton, and silk fibers into yarn and

then wove the yarn into cloth, and therefore, humans developed plastics—rayon, nylon,

Dacron, and polyester—as the basis for cloth.

ANS: b


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7. In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par. Par is the standard number of

strokes for the hole. An eagle is a score of two strokes under par.

a. In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par (the standard number of strokes for

the hole), and an eagle is a score of two strokes under par.

b. In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par, which is the standard number of

strokes for the hole, so an eagle is a score of two strokes under par.

c. In golf, a birdie is a score of one stroke under par (the standard number of strokes for

the hole); however, an eagle is a score of two strokes under par.

ANS: a







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8. The earliest canals were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East. They were used for

irrigation.

a. Having been used for irrigation, the earliest canals were dug around 6000 BC in the

Middle East.

b. The earliest canals, which were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East, were used for

irrigation.

c. The earliest canals were dug around 6000 BC in the Middle East, but they were used for

irrigation.

ANS: b







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9. People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus. Parchment came along around 250

BC. It is made of treated animal skin

a. Before parchment came along around 250 BC, people first wrote on clay tablets and on

papyrus; specifically, parchment is made of treated animal skin.

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b. People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus; nevertheless, papyrus came along

around 250 BC, and it is made of treated animal skin.

c. People first wrote on clay tablets and on papyrus until parchment, made of treated

animal skin, came along around 250 BC.

ANS: c







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10. Ancient people placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food. They also

used salt as a preservative.

a. Ancient people not only placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food but

also used salt as a preservative.

b. Ancient people placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food; therefore,

they used salt as a preservative.

c. Whereas ancient people placed great value on salt for improving the flavor of food,

they used salt as a preservative.

ANS: a


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S-8, Exercise 2, Coordination and Subordination

Multiple Choice

Each of the following items contains two or more sentences that can be combined. Select

the revision that makes sense and uses coordination or subordination correctly.

1. Use glass, plastic, or ceramic containers that are labeled “microwave safe” to heat food

in a microwave oven. Those materials will not break or release chemicals in high heat.

a. While those materials will not break or release chemicals in high heat, use glass,

plastic, or ceramic containers that are labeled “microwave safe” to heat food in a

microwave oven.

b. Use glass, plastic, or ceramic containers that are labeled “microwave safe” to heat food

in a microwave oven because those materials will not break or release chemicals in high

heat.

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c. Use glass, plastic, or ceramic containers that are labeled “microwave safe” to heat food

in a microwave oven; however, those materials will not break or release chemicals in

high heat.

ANS: b







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2. Many U.S. doctors deny the usefulness of herbs. Many American consumers use

echinacea and St. John’s wort.

a. Many U.S. doctors deny the usefulness of herbs, and many American consumers use


b. When many U.S. doctors deny the usefulness of herbs, many American consumers use


c. Although many U.S. doctors deny the usefulness of herbs, many American consumers

use Echinacea and St. John’s Wort.

ANS: c


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3. In tennis, scoring sounds odd to those who are not familiar with the game. Scores are

love, 15, 30, 40, deuce, advantage, and game.

a. In tennis, scoring sounds odd to those who are not familiar with the game, yet the

scores are love, 15, 30, 40, deuce, advantage, and game.

b. In tennis, the scores are love, 15, 30, 40, deuce, advantage, and game, even though

scoring sounds odd to those who are not familiar with the game.

c. In tennis, scoring sounds odd to those who are not familiar with the game; specifically,

scores are love, 15, 30, 40, deuce, advantage, and game.

ANS: c







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4. The Summer Olympic Games were canceled in 1940 and 1944 because of World War

II. Those games are still counted as the twelfth and thirteenth Olympiads.

a. The Summer Olympic Games were canceled in 1940 and 1944 because of World War

II; nevertheless, those games are still counted as the twelfth and thirteenth Olympiads.

b. Because of World War II, the Summer Olympic Games were canceled in 1940 and

1944, so those games are still counted as the twelfth and thirteenth Olympiads.

c. The Summer Olympic Games were canceled in 1940 and 1944 because of World War

II; therefore, those games are still counted as the twelfth and thirteenth Olympiads.

ANS: a







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5. The horse trainer Tom Smith made a champion out of Seabiscuit. Smith had a

reputation for silence and for not giving up.

a. The horse trainer Tom Smith made a champion out of Seabiscuit, but Smith had a

reputation for silence and for not giving up.

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b. The horse trainer Tom Smith had a reputation for silence and for not giving up;

apparently, he made a champion out of Seabiscuit.

c. The horse trainer Tom Smith, who made a champion out of Seabiscuit, had a reputation

for silence and for not giving up.

ANS: c







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6. The 1990s were good to Steven Spielberg. He won Oscars for best director. The

awards were for Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan.

a. The 1990s were good to Steven Spielberg; in addition, he won Oscars for best director

for Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan.

b. The 1990s were good to Steven Spielberg; he won Oscars for best director for

Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan.

c. After he won Oscars for best director for Schindler’s List and Saving Private Ryan, the

1990s were good to Steven Spielberg.

ANS: b


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7. A friend of mine eats too much cake and candy. She is going on a diet. She may lose

weight.

a. A friend of mine who eats too much cake and candy is going on a diet; as a result, she

may lose weight.

b. Before a friend of mine eats too much cake and candy, she is going on a diet so that

she may lose weight.

c. A friend of mine eats too much cake and candy, so she is going on a diet; in fact, she

may lose weight.

ANS: a







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8. Mass immigration into the United States began in the 1830s. Many Irish, Germans, and

Scandinavians arrived.

a. Mass immigration into the United States began in the 1830s; for example, many Irish,

Germans, and Scandinavians arrived.

b. Though mass immigration into the United States began in the 1830s, many Irish,


c. Mass immigration into the United States began in the 1830s, when many Irish,


ANS: c







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9. Heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali was stripped of his titles in 1967. He had been

convicted as a draft dodger.

a. After being convicted as a draft dodger, heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali was

stripped of his titles in 1967.

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b. Until he had been convicted as a draft dodger, heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali

was stripped of his titles in 1967.

c. Heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali was stripped of his titles in 1967, whereas he

had been convicted as a draft dodger.

ANS: a







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10. You started a dot-com enterprise in the 1990s. Profits dropped drastically in 2000.

You probably had to lay off people and close the business.

a. You started a dot-com enterprise in the 1990s, where profits dropped drastically in

2000; eventually, you probably had to lay off people and close the business.

b. If you started a dot-com enterprise in the 1990s, you probably had to lay off people and

close the business when profits dropped drastically in 2000.

c. You started a dot-com enterprise in the 1990s; even so, profits dropped drastically in

2000, and you probably had to lay off people and close the business.

ANS: b


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