volcanoes and earthquakes

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Volcanoes and Earthquakes By: Hannah Hanania, Madeline Luong, & Cily Simson

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Volcanoes and Earthquakes. By: Hannah Hanania , Madeline Luong , & Cily Simson. What is a Volcano?. An opening in the earth’s crust, which allows molten rock, ash and toxic gases to erupt onto the Earth’s surface Not all volcanoes erupt with the same intensity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Volcanoes and Earthquakes

By: Hannah Hanania, Madeline Luong, &Cily Simson

Page 2: Volcanoes and Earthquakes

What is a Volcano? • An opening in the earth’s crust, which allows molten rock, ash and toxic gases to erupt onto the Earth’s surface

• Not all volcanoes erupt with the same intensity• Some may release lava, while other volcanoes only let out ash and gases

• Volcanoes can be classified as…– Active– Dormant (not currently active)– Extinct (not expected to erupt again)

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What Causes Volcanoes?• Rock is heated by the extremely high temperatures underneath the Earth’s surface

• As it melts MAGMA is formed • The magma becomes less denseand therefore rises to the surface, where it becomes LAVA. 

Page 5: Volcanoes and Earthquakes

The Ring of Fire

• Located at the borders of the Pacific Plate and other major tectonic plates

•The Ring of Fire contains over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes

•This huge ring of volcanic and seismic (earthquake) activity was discovered before the invention of the theory of plate tectonics

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Effects of Volcanoes…

Bad Effects:• Lava, ash fall, and 

landslides are some of the most dangerous hazards of volcanic eruptions

• Give off harmful gases into the atmosphere

• Cause acid rain and pollution

• Can cause Tsunamis 

Good Effects:• Create formations and shape the Earth

• 80% of Earth’s surface has come from volcanoes

• Examples:-Hawaiian Islands 

were created by five Volcanoes

-Rocky Mountains 

Page 7: Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Mt. Saint Helens

• Washington State, May 18, 1980• Blasts started at 220 mph increased to about 670 mph 

• 57 people died• 185 miles of highways      and roads destroyed • Cost $1.5 billion • Thousands of animals killed

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Fun Facts:

• The term volcano, is derived from the name of the Roman God of fire, Vulcan.

• Tallest Volcano is Mauna Loa (Kilauea)• Merap, a 9,500 ft high peak on the Indonesian Island- most dangerous volcano

• The Krakatoa volcano erupted on August 26, 1883 and destroyed most of the island of Krakatoa. It is still active now.

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Earthquakes

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What is an Earthquake?

• A trembling or shaking movement of the Earth's surface

• May dramatically change surface of land, and the floor of the ocean

• Two main causes of Earthquakes:– Can be linked to explosive volcanic eruptions and are  very common in areas of volcanic activity where they occur during or after volcanic eruptions

– Can be triggered by Tectonic activity associated with plate boundaries and faults.

• The majority of earthquakes world wide are of this type

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How are Earthquakes Measured?• Measured on the Richter 

scale • Richter scale was developed 

in 1935 By Charles F. Richter• Less than 2.0 are called micro 

earthquakes• Earthquakes greater than 4.5 

can be recorded around the world 

• Richter Scale is based on the intensity of seismic waves which travel through the earth as energy.

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Effects of an Earthquake

• Can cause landslides and floods• Earthquakes that take place under the ocean can sometimes cause tsunamis, or tidal waves.

• Can destroy buildings and cities, as well as the lives of many people

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Recent Earthquakes

• Japan earthquake caused a tsunami– 8.9 on the Richter Scale– Over 18,000 people killed– March 11, 2011

• The Haiti Earthquake caused a terrible tsunami- Killing thousands of people and uprooting the lives of millions

- January 12, 2010 - 7.0 on the Richter Scale

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