vs5icm m06 storage

8/12/2019 Vs5icm m06 Storage

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2011 VMware Inc. All rights reserved

Configure and Manage Virtual Storage

Module 6


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You Are Here

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage Revision A

Course Introduction

Introduction to Virtualization

Virtual Machines

VMware vCenter Server

Configure and Manage Virtual Networks

Configure and Manage Virtual Storage

Managing Virtual Machines

Data Protection

Access & Authentication Control

Resource Management and Monitoring

High Availability

Scalability

Patch Management

Installing vSphere Components


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Importance

Storage options give you the flexibility to set up your storage basedon your cost, performance, and manageability requirements. Sharedstorage is useful for disaster recovery, high availability, and movingvirtual machines between hosts.



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Module Lessons

Lesson 1: Storage ConceptsLesson 2: Configure iSCSI Storage

Lesson 3: Configure NAS/NFS Storage

Lesson 4: Fibre Channel SAN Storage

Lesson 5: VMware vSphere VMFS Datastores

Lesson 6: VMware vSphere Storage Appliance



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Lesson 1:

Storage Concepts



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Learner Objectives

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:Describe VMware vSphere storage technologies and datastores.Describe the storage device naming convention.



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Storage Overview


storagetechnology

datastoretypes

FCoE iSCSIFibre

ChannelDirect

Attached

File

system

NAS

NFSVMware vSphere VMFS

VMwareESXi

hosts


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Storage Protocol Overview


Storage

Protocol

Supports

boot fromSAN

Supports

VMwarevSpherevMotion

Supports

vSphereHigh

Availability

Supports

vSphereDRS

Supports

Raw DeviceMapping

FibreChannel

FCoE

iSCSI

NFS

DAS (for virtual

machine swapfiles)


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Datastore

A datastore is a logical storage

unit that can use disk space onone physical device, or spanseveral physical devices.

Types of datastores:VMFSNetwork File System (NFS)

Datastores are used to holdvirtual machine files, templates,and ISO images.


host host

datastore


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VMFS-5

VMFS-5:

Allows concurrent access toshared storageCan be dynamicallyexpandedUses a 1MB block size,

good for storing large virtualdisk filesUses subblock addressing,good for storing small filesProvides on-disk, block-level

locking


hosthost

VMFS Datastore


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NFS

NFS:

Is storage shared over thenetwork at the file systemlevelSupports NFS version 3over TCP/IP


hosthost

NFS Datastore


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Storage Device Naming Conventions

Storage devices are identified in several ways:

SCSI ID Unique SCSI identifierCanonical name The Network Address Authority (NAA) ID is aunique LUN identifier, guaranteed to be persistent across reboots. In addition to NAA IDs, devices can also be identified with mpx or t10

identifiers.

Runtime name Uses the convention vmhbaN:C:T:L. This name isnot persistent through reboots.



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Viewing Storage Maps


target

HBA

LUN


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Physical Storage Considerations

Discuss vSphere storage needs with your storage administrationteam, such as:

LUN sizesI/O bandwidthDisk cache parameters

Zoning and maskingIdentical LUN presentation to each ESXi host

Active-active or active-passive arraysExport properties for NFS datastores



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Review of Learner Objectives

You should be able to do the following:Describe vSphere storage technologies and datastores.Describe the storage device naming convention.



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Lesson 2:

Configure iSCSI Storage



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Learner Objectives

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:Describe uses of IP storage with ESXi.Describe iSCSI components and addressing.Configure iSCSI initiators.



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iSCSI Components



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iSCSI Addressing


iSCSI ini t iator nam e:

iqn.1998-01.com.vmware:train1-64ad4c29or eui.1234567890abcdef

iSCSI alias: train1

IP address : 192.168.36.88

iSCSI target n ame:

iqn.1992-08.com.mycompany:stor1-47cf3c25or eui.fedcba9876543210

iSCSI alias: stor1

IP address : 192.168.36.101


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iSCSI Initiators



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Configuring Software iSCSI

To configure the iSCSI software initiator:

1. Configure a VMkernel port for accessing IP storage.2. Enable the iSCSI software adapter.3. Configure the iSCSI IQN name and alias (if required)4. Configure iSCSI software adapter properties, such as static/dynamic

discovery addresses and iSCSI port binding5. Configure iSCSI security (Challenge Handshake Authentication

Protocol (CHAP)).



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ESXi Network Configuration for IP Storage

A VMkernel port must be created for ESXi to access software iSCSI.The same port can be used to access NAS/NFS storage.


To optimize your vSphere networking setup:

Separate iSCSI networks from NAS/NFS networks. Physical separation is preferred. If that is not possible, use VLANs.


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iSCSI Target-Discovery Methods

Two discovery methods are

supported:StaticDynamic (also known asSendTargets)

The SendTargets responsereturns iSCSI qualified name andall available IP addresses.


iSCSI targ et

192.168.36.101:3260

SendTargets

request

SendTargets

response

192.168.36.101:3260


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iSCSI Security: CHAP

iSCSI initiators use CHAP forauthentication purposes.

By default, CHAP is notconfigured.

ESXi supports two types ofCHAP authentication:

UnidirectionalBidirectional Software iSCSI only

ESXi also supports per-targetCHAP authentication.

Software iSCSI onlyDifferent credentials for eachtarget


Software iSCSI properties > General tab

Targetauthenticates

host.

Hostauthenticates

target.


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Configuring Hardware iSCSI

To configure the iSCSI hardware initiator:

1. Install the iSCSI hardware adapter.For independent hardware iSCSI adapters Verify properly formatted IP address and IQN names.

For dependent hardware iSCSI adapters Determine the name of the physical NIC associated with adapter so that port

binding is properly configured.

2. Modify the iSCSI name and configure the iSCSI alias.3. Configure iSCSI target addresses.4. Configure iSCSI security (CHAP).



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Multipathing with iSCSI Storage

Hardware iSCSI:Use two or more hardwareiSCSI adapters.

Software or dependenthardware iSCSI:

Use multiple NICs.

Connect each NIC to aseparate VMkernel port. Associate VMkernel portswith iSCSI initiator.


Configure port binding inthe Properties window ofthe iSCSI adapter.


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You should be able to do the following:

Describe uses of IP storage with ESXi.Describe iSCSI components and addressing.Configure iSCSI initiators.



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Lesson 3:

Configure NAS/NFS Storage



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Learner Objectives

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

Describe NFS components and addressing.Create an NFS datastore.



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NFS Components


directory to sharewith the ESXi hostover the network

VMkernel portdefined on virtualswitch

ESXi host withNIC mapped to

virtual switch

NAS device or aserver with

storage


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Addressing and Access Control with NFS


192.168.81.72VMkernel portconfigured withIP address

192.168.81.33


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Configuring an NFS Datastore

Create a VMkernel port:

For better performance and security, separate it from the iSCSInetwork.

Provide the following information:NFS server name (or IP address)

Folder on the NFS server, for example, /LUN1 and /LUN2Whether to mount the NFS file system read-only: Default is to mount read/write

NFS datastore name



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Viewing IP Storage Information


Datastores view > Storage Views tab

Hosts and Clusters view > Configuration tab > Storage link


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Unmounting/Deleting an NFS Datastore

Click the Storage link in the Configuration tab to unmount an NFSdatastore.

Unmounting an NFS datastore deletes that datastore.


l h d


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Multipathing and NFS Storage


switch

SP A10

SP B10

switch

mnic2

ESXi host

vmnic0 vmnic1

NIC teams with Routebased on IP hash

load-balancing policy

cross stackEtherChannel

switch port static ordynamic link aggregation

active/activeconfiguration

single switchor stackedswitches

spanned, teamed switch ports(feature may not be available on all switches)

yes no

ESXi host

vmnic0 vmnic1 allow VMkernel to makerouting decisions

L b 7


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Lab 7

In this lab, you will configure access to iSCSI and NFS datastore.

1. Add a VMkernel port group to a standard virtual switch.2. Configure the iSCSI software adapter.3. Configure access to NFS datastores.4. View iSCSI and NFS storage information.


L b 8


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Lab 8

In this lab, you will design a network configuration for an ESXi host,based on a set of requirements.1. Analyze the requirements.2. Design virtual switches and physical connections.


R i f L Obj i


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Describe NFS components and addressing.Create an NFS datastore.



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Lesson 4:

Fibre Channel SAN Storage


L Obj ti


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Learner Objectives


Describe uses of Fibre Channel with ESXi.Describe Fibre Channel components and addressing.

Access Fibre Channel storage.


U i g Fib Ch l ith ESXi


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Using Fibre Channel with ESXi

ESXi supports:

8Gb Fibre ChannelFibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE)


Fibre Channel SAN Components


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Fibre Channel SAN Components


Fibre Channel Addressing and Access Control


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Fibre Channel Addressing and Access Control


Accessing Fibre Channel Storage


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Accessing Fibre Channel Storage

Install one or more supported Fibre Channel adapters in the ESXi

host.The Fibre Channel adapters are recognized by the host during theboot sequence.


Viewing Fibre Channel Storage Information


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Viewing Fibre Channel Storage Information

The Storage Views tab provides

information about all SCSI adaptersand NAS mounts.


FCoE Adapters


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FCoE Adapters


ConvergedNetwork

Adapter

Networkdriver

FCdriver

ESXi host

Networkdriver

SoftwareFC

ESXi 5.0 host

NICwith FCoE

support

FCoE switch

Hardware FCoE Software FCoE*

* New in vSphere 5.0LAN FCSAN

10GBpsEthernet

Ethernet IP frames

to LAN devices

FC frames to FC

storage arrays

Configuring Software FCoE: Create VMkernel Port


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Configuring Software FCoE: Create VMkernel Port

Connect the VMkernel to physicalFCoE NICs that are installed on yourhost.

The VLAN ID and Priority class isdiscovered during FCoE initialization.This class is not configured invSphere.

Support only one FCoE initiator perphysical NIC.

Each physical NIC must be on its ownvSwitch.

Physical adapter: vmnic2VMkernel label: FCoE-2

VLAN ID: 20

IP address: 172.17.12.150Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0


VMkernel port

vmnic2 NIC withFCoE support

Configuring Software FCoE: Activate Software FCoE Adapter


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Configuring Software FCoE: Activate Software FCoE Adapter

The second step is to add

the software FCoEadapter.


Select host -> Configuration tab -> Storage Adapters link -> Add .

Multipathing with Fibre Channel


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Multipathing with Fibre Channel

Multipathing allows continued

access to SAN LUNs in theevent of hardware failure. Italso provides load balancing.


(optional)

Multipathing with Software FCoE


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Multipathing with Software FCoE


VMkernel ports

vmnic2 vmnic3

Physical adapter: vmnic2

VMkernel label: FCoE-2VLAN ID: 20IP address: 172.17.12.150

Subnet mask:255.255.255.0

Physical adapter: vmnic3

VMkernel label: FCoE-3VLAN ID: 20IP address: 172.17.12.151

Subnet mask:255.255.255.0

NICs withFCoE support



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You should be able to do the following:Describe uses of Fibre Channel with ESXi.Describe Fibre Channel components and addressing.

Access Fibre Channel storage.



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Lesson 5:

VMware vSphere VMFS Datastores

VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage

Revision A

Learner Objectives


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Learner Objectives

After this lesson, you should be able to do the following:Create a VMFS datastore.Increase the size of a VMFS datastore.Delete a VMFS datastore.


Revision A

Using a VMFS Datastore with ESXi


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Using a VMFS Datastore with ESXi

Use VMFS datastores whenever possible:

VMFS is optimized for storing and accessing large files. A VMFS can have a maximum volume size of 64TB.NFS datastores are great for storing virtual machines. But somefunctions are not supported.Use RDMs if your virtual machine: Is performing SAN snapshotting Is clustered to a physical machine Has large amounts of data that you do not want to convert into a virtual disk


Revision A

Creating a VMFS Datastore


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To create a VMFS datastore, use the Add Storage wizard:

Select the storage type, Disk/LUN.Select an available LUN.

Specify a datastore name.Specify the datastore size: use full or partial LUN.

Creating a VMFS Datastore


Revision A

Viewing VMFS Datastores


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V ew g V S atasto es

Click the Storage link in the Configuration tab


Revision A


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Managing Overcommitted Datastores


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An overcommitted datastore can occur when there are many

thin-provisioned virtual disks that use close to their maximumallotted disk space.

Actively monitor your datastore capacity: Alarms assist through notifications:

Datastore disk overallocation Virtual machine disk usage

Use reporting to view space usage.

Actively manage your datastore capacity:Increase datastore capacity when necessary.Use vSphere Storage vMotion to mitigate space usage issues on aparticular datastore.


Revision A

Increasing the Size of a VMFS Datastore


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Increase a VMFSdatastores size to give itmore space or possibly toimprove performance.

Two ways to dynamicallyincrease the size of a VMFS

datastore: Add an extent (LUN).Expand the datastorewithin its extent.


Revision A

Comparing Methods for Increasing VMFS Datastore Size


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Revision A

Add an extent to thedatastore

Expand the datastorewithin the extent

Virtual machine power state On On

SAN administrator tasks Add one or more LUNs

(extents).

Increase the size of the

LUN.

Limits A datastore can have up to32 LUNs (extents).

A LUN can be expandedany number of times.

Before Increasing the Size of a VMFS Datastore


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In general, before making any changes to your storage allocation:

Perform a rescan to ensure that your host sees the most currentstorage.Quiesce I/O on all disks involved.Note the unique identifier (for example, the NAA ID) of the volumethat you want to expand.


Revision A

Delete or Unmount a VMFS Datastore


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Deleting a VMFS datastore:

Unmounting a VMFS datastore:


Revision A

Multipathing Algorithms


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Arrays provide differentfeatures, some offer active-active storage processors (SP)and others offer active-passiveSPs.

vSphere 5 offers native pathselection, load-balancing andfailover mechanisms.

Third-party vendors can createtheir own software to beinstalled on your ESXi hoststhat will allow the ESXi host toproperly interact with thestorage arrays it uses.


Revision A

storage array

SP A10

SP B10

ESXihosts

storageprocessors

switches

Managing Multiple Storage Paths


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To modify the number of storage paths to use, select the datastoreto modify and click that datastores Properties link.

Click Manage Paths in the Properties window.


Revision A

Configuring Storage Load Balancing


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Path selection policies exist for:

Scalability: Round Robin A multipathing policy that performs load balancing acrosspaths.

Availability: MRU and Fixed


Revision A


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Create a VMFS datastore.Increase the size of a VMFS datastore.Delete a VMFS datastore.


Revision A


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Lesson 6:

VMware vSphere Storage Appliance


Revision A

Learner Objectives


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Describe the architecture and requirements of the VMware vSphereStorage Appliance cluster configuration.Discuss how a VSA cluster handles failures.


Revision A

vSphere Storage Appliance: Introduction (1)


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Provides Storage framework for vMotion, HA , and DRS

Creates SharedStorage

Simple manageability

Abstraction From Underlying Hardware

Resilient to server failures

Highly available during disk (spindle) failure

Pools server disk capacity to form shared storage

Leverages vSphere Thin provisioning for space utilization

Enables storage scalability

Installed, configure and managed via vCenter

DeliversHigh availability


Revision A

vSphere Storage Appliance Introduction (2)


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vSpherevSphere vSphere

VSA VSA VSA

NFS NFS NFS

vSphere Client

VSA Manager

NFS exports that can bemounted by client ESXi

hosts

Enables advancedfeatures such as

vMotion, HA, DRS


Revision A

VSA Cluster Configuration Requirements


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Revision A

VSA

vCenter Server 5.0

VSA Manager VSA Cluster Service

VSA Manager 10.10.120.3

NFS Volume IP 10.10.120.5 vMotion IP 192.168.1.1

10.15.20.100

VSA Cluster IP 10.10.120.200

VSA cluster

front endback end

ESXi host 10.15.20.150

10.15.20.201

24GB RAM,8 hard disks,

RAID controller,Gigabit Ethernet switches

The VSAManager is usedto install the VSA

cluster.

VSA Manager


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Revision A

VSA Cluster with 2 ESXi 5.0 Hosts


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vCenter Server

Manage

VSA Manager VSA Cluster Service

VSADatastore 2

VSADatastore 1

Volume 1(Replica)

Volume 2Volume 1Volume 2(Replica)

Configure RAID 1+0on local system disks


Revision A

VSA Cluster with 3 ESXi 5.0 Hosts


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vCenter Server

Manage

VSA Manager

Volume 1Volume 3(Replica)

Volume 2(Replica)

Volume 3Volume 1(Replica)Volume 2

VSADatastore 2 VSA

Datastore 3VSA

Datastore 1


Revision A

VSA Resilience


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vCenter Server

Manage

VSA Manager

Volume 1Volume 2(Replica)

Volume 1(Replica)

Volume 2

VSA Cluster Service

VSA

Datastore 2

VSA

Datastore 1


Revision A



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Describe the architecture and requirements of the VMware vSphereStorage Appliance cluster configuration.Discuss how a VSA cluster handles failures.


Revision A

Key Points


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Use VMFS datastores to hold virtual machine files.

NFS datastores are useful as a repository for ISO images.Shared storage is integral to vSphere features like vMotion, vSphereHigh Availability, and DRS.

vs5icm m06 storage

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