wall street women by melissa s. fisher

7/31/2019 Wall Street Women by Melissa S. Fisher

1/42

Abfgzzk Z/ Hgzib~

Ukff Zs~bbsUmabo


2/42

UKFF ZS^BBS UMABO

Abfgzzk Z/ Hgzib~

Crdb Rogxb~zgsw P~bzz

Cr~ika koc Fmocmo

>0;>


3/42

>0;> Crdb Rogxb~zgsw P~bzz

Kff ~geisz ~bzb~xbc

P~gosbc go sib Rogsbc Zsksbz mh Kab~gjk

mo kjgc!h~bb pkpb~ #

Cbzgeobc nw J/ I/ Ubzsam~bfkoc

Swpbzbs go K~om P~m

nw Dbwzsmob Swpbzbssgoe& Goj/

Fgn~k~w mh Jmoe~bzz Jkskfmegoe!go!

Prnfgjksgmo Cksk kppbk~ mo sib

fkzs p~gosbc pkeb mh sigz nmmd/


4/42

Hm~ aw Nrnnb& ^bnbjjk Zkgcgdmhh Mzigxb~& koc

go sib abam~w mh aw e~kocamsib~ Bzsib~ Mzigxb~ Hgzib~

koc aw e~kochksib~ Agsjibff Zkfba Hgzib~


5/42

JMOSBOSZ

kjdomufbceabosz gy

gos~mcrjsgmo Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo ;

;/ Nbegoogoez >5

>/ Jk~bb~z& Obsum~dz& koc Abosm~z 88

:/ Ebocb~bc Cgzjmr~zbz mh Hgokojb 72

3/ Umaboz Pmfgsgjz koc Zsksb!Ak~dbs Hbagogza ;>0

2/ Fghb khsb~ Ukff Zs~bbs ;:8

8/ Ak~dbs Hbagogza& Hbagog|goe Ak~dbsz&koc sib Hgokojgkf J~gzgz ;22

omsbz;52

ngnfgme~kpiw >0;

gocby >;5


6/42

KJDOMUFBCEABOSZ

K jmaagsabos sm ebocb~ b{rkfgsw ~zs n~mreis knmrs sigz nmmdzlmr~obw/ Aw gosb~bzs go rocb~zskocgoe sib s~kozhm~aksgmoz go umabozbypb~gbojbz go akfb!cmagoksbc p~mhbzzgmoz nbeko uibo G ukz k jigfcgo sib zbxbosgbz& fgzsbogoe sm aw e~kocamsib~ sbff ab zsm~gbz knmrs ib~muo bypb~gbojbz kz mob mh sib mofw umabo ks sib Rogxb~zgsw mh Pboo!zwfxkogk Fku Zjimmf go sib subosgbz/ G kfzm ~babanb~ ibk~goe aw

amsib~& kz G e~bu rp& zpbkdgoe knmrs umaboz ~geisz& kz ubff kz xgzgsgoeaw hksib~ koc e~kochksib~ ks sibg~ fku mhjb go agcsmuo Akoikssko0057& uibo k zb~gbz mhjmffkpzbz go nkod koc gozr~kojb jmapkogbz s~geeb~bc sib ngeebzs !okojgkf j~gzgz zgojb sib E~bks Cbp~bzzgmo/ Zim~sfw sib~bkhsb~& uigji gzsm zkw hsbbo wbk~z khsb~ aw skfd ugsi Pks~gjgk knmrs ebocb~ koc ~gzd&

Cbnm~k Zpk~& sib p~bzgcbos mh Nk~ok~c Jmffbeb& prnfgzibc ko mp!bc gosib Ukzigoesmo Pmzsbosgsfbc Mob Ebocb~z J~kzi0057 ukz nbgoe cb!pgjsbc go zs~gdgoefw ebocb~bc sb~az/ Ogjimfkz D~gzsmh bjimbc Zpk~ goigz muo mp!bc pgbjb& ~bjmrosgoe k {rb~w mxb~ibk~c ks sib Um~fc Bjm!omagj Hm~ra go Ckxmz& Zugs|b~fkoc& umocb~goe gh ub umrfc nb go sibzkab abzz smckw gh Fbiako N~msib~z ikc nbbo Fbiako Zgzsb~z/ Sibjmozbozrz )koc sigz gz kamoe sib cbkc uigsb abo uim pk~kcb ko!orkffw ks Ckxmz' gz siks sib mpsgakf nkod umrfc ikxb nbbo FbiakoN~msib~z koc Zgzsb~z/ Sib zsm~w jg~jrfksbc si~mrei sib abcgk& sib ikffzmh Ukff Zs~bbs& koc ugsigo mo! koc mhgob jmaarogsgbz mh nrzgobzz!umabo/ Fgdb sib msib~ kjjmrosz& gs k~sgjrfksbc k cgxgcb nbsubboakzjrfgob& e~bbcw& ~gzd!skdgoe kjsm~z koc okojgkf p~kjsgjbz& fbkcgoe smsib j~gzgz& koc k am~b hbagogob& jmozb~xksgxb& fmoe!sb~a kpp~mkji&pmzzgnfw ibfpgoe sib bjmomaw sm kxmgc j~gzgz m~ sm y gs )cb Embcb>0074 Jkab~mo bs kf/ >0;;4 AjCmubff >0;;'/ Hm~ k amabos& gs kp!pbk~bc siks umabo jmrfc koc umrfc nb sib zkxgm~z mh sib um~fczefmnkf bjmomaw< sigz gcbk mh umaboz pfkjb go okojb zsmmc go zsk~d~bfgbh sm sib ebocb~bc gcbmfmew siks hkxm~bc bfgsb aboz fbkcb~zigp

cr~goe sib zgysgbz koc zbxbosgbz& nrs gs ~bfgbc mo zmab mh sib zkabjmozb~xksgxb cbogsgmoz mh hbagogogsw siks ikc mojb p~bxbosbc umaboh~ma nbgoe xgbubc kz s~kcgsgmokffw zrjjbzzhrf ak~dbs fbkcb~z/

Sigz bsiome~kpiw hmffmuz sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh umabo kz sibwbosb~bc Ukff Zs~bbs go sib zgysgbz koc akcb sibg~ ukw rp sib akfb!cmagoksbc jm~pm~ksb zs~rjsr~bz ugsigo goxbzsabos nkodz/ G hmjrz mo kzakff& xb~w zrjjbzzhrf jmim~s ugsigo siks ebob~ksgmo& uim gogsgkffw absmob komsib~ uigfb um~dgoe hrff!sgab& mhsbo kz bkji ukz sib zgoefb

p~mhbzzgmokf umako go mob mh sib aklm~ goxbzsabos nkodz m~ n~mdb~!keb imrzbz& koc uim cbxbfmpbc fghbfmoe ~bfksgmozigpz ugsi mob ko!msib~ si~mrei sibg~ goxmfxbabos go sib Hgokojgkf Umaboz Kzzmjgk!sgmo mh Obu Wm~d Jgsw )huk'k obsum~d mh umabo cbcgjksbc smkcxkojgoe umabo go okojbcr~goe sib zbxbosgbz/ G nbego ugsi kobypfm~ksgmo mh sib umaboz ~bfksgmozigpz sm hbagogza koc okojb kzwmroe kcrfsz4 G sibo s~kjd jikoebz go simzb ~bfksgmozigpz kz sibw nrgfsjk~bb~z koc obsum~dbc ugsi msib~ umabo mo Ukff Zs~bbs cr~goe sibbgeisgbz koc ogobsgbz/ G amxb mo sm bypfm~b imu sib umabo gojm~pm!

~ksbc sbobsz mh hbagogza koc sib ak~dbs gosm sibg~ pmfgsgjkf obsum~dzkz sibw nbjkab am~b zrjjbzzhrf p~mhbzzgmokffw/ G jmojfrcb nw byka!gogoe sib umaboz jmosbapm~k~w pmfgsgjkf koc pigfkosi~mpgj um~d&uigji& go sib ukdb mh sib j~gzgz& goj~bkzgoefw zrppm~sbc sib bjmomagj


13/42

3 Gos~mcrjsgmo

koc pmfgsgjkf kcxkojbabos mh umabo koc k jm~~bzpmocgoe hbagog|k!sgmo mh sib ak~dbs/

Sib Akdgoe mh Ak~dbs Hbagogza

Sib jbos~kf cgzjmr~zbz koc p~kjsgjbz mh dbw abanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~!ksgmo mh Ukff Zs~bbs umabo kffmu rz sm zbb p~bjgzbfw imu sibw k~~koebcsib hm~ab~fw mppmzbc cmakgoz mh hbagogza koc sib ak~dbs gosm obujmozsbffksgmoz/ Go sigz nmmd& G bypfm~b sib zighsgoe ~bfksgmozigp nbsubbohbagogza koc okojgkf ak~dbsz si~mrei ko bsiome~kpigj bypfm~ksgmomh sib umaboz fgxbz mxb~ sgab/ Koc G akp arfsgpfb ukwz sm rocb~zskocsigz ~bfksgmozigp/ Zmabsgabz sib umabo& kz sibw amxbc rp sib jk~bb~fkccb~ go okojb& ikc hrffw akgozs~bkabc fgnb~kf hbagogzs sbobsz gosmsib ak~dbspfkjb& akdgoe hbagogza am~b ak~dbs!h~gbocfw koc sib~bnwj~bksgoe k hm~a mh ak~dbs hbagogza )Bgzbozsbgo >0074 Aj^mnngb >0074Dkosmfk koc Z{rg~bz hm~sijmagoe'/ Mo sib msib~ ikoc& mob jko kfzmzbb sibzb hm~aksgmoz go zs~reefb koc obemsgksgmo& pk~sgjrfk~fw kz sibumabo& si~mrei sibg~ jmosbapm~k~w& zmjgkffw ~bzpmozgnfb goxbzsabos

p~mlbjsz& zmreis sm akdb hbagogzs gosb~xbosgmoz gosm sib ak~dbspfkjb/Bsiome~kpigjkffw bypfm~goe imu sib umabo sibazbfxbz ~bbjs mo&j~gsg{rb& koc zmabsgabz ~b!um~d sib jikoegoe ~bfksgmozigp nbsubboak~dbsz koc hbagogza& sirz kffmuz rz sm p~mnfbaksg|b sib gcbk siksak~dbs jkpgskfgza kfukwz koc gobxgsknfw zrnzrabz hbagogza )Egnzmo!E~kika ;778& >0084 ^mzbonfra >007'/ Sigz nmmd ugff kfzm p~mxgcbgozgeis gosm sib boebocb~goe mh okojb h~ma sib zgysgbz sm sib >0057bjmomagj j~gzgz/

Gozpg~bc nw hbagogzs p~kjsgjb sibm~w& G zsk~s ugsi sib gozgeis siksxk~gmrz zs~rjsr~bz mh pmub~ jmozs~kgo nrs cm oms cbsb~agob pbmpfbzbxb~wckw p~kjsgjbz& koc siks& go sr~o& pbmpfbz bxb~wckw p~kjsgjbz ~b!p~mcrjb koc zmabsgabz jikoeb simzb xb~w zkab zs~rjsr~bz )M~sob~;778< ;4 M~sob~ >008'/ Sirz& sib jrfsr~b koc zs~rjsr~b mh okojb&okabfw mo Ukff Zs~bbs& zikpb koc jmozs~kgo sib simreisz koc p~kjsgjbzmh ~bzbk~ji kokfwzsz& n~mdb~z& goxbzsabos nkodb~z& koc s~kcb~z knmrssib ak~dbs& ak~dbs akdgoe& koc sib p~mcrjsgmo mh ak~dbs zrnlbjsz)Agwk|kdg >0084 Akr~b~ hm~sijmagoe< ;0'/ Ukff Zs~bbs& kz zrji& gz ko

bsimz koc zbs mh p~kjsgjbz banbccbc go ko gos~gjksb obsum~d mh gozsgsr!sgmoz& goxbzsabosz& koc pbmpfb )Im >007'4 gs gz k dgoc mh zmjgkf gakeg!ok~w mh sib ~bfksgmozigpz nbsubbo gozsgsrsgmoz& zs~rjsr~bz mh abkogoekoc pmub~& koc p~kjsgjbz go efmnkf okojb )Jkab~mo bs kf/ >0;0'/ Sigz


14/42

Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo 2

gakegok~w nbjmabz banbccbc go okojgb~z ikngsrz& k cbbpfw nr~gbczs~rjsr~b siks zikpbz Ukff Zs~bbs aboz koc umaboz cgzpmzgsgmoz sm

kjs go zrji k ukw siks sibw boc rp kjjbpsgoe koc amzs mhsbo ~bp~mcrj!goe sib cmagokos ebocb~bc& jfkzzbc& koc ~kjbc zwzsba mh sib ak~dbs!pfkjbukwz mh pb~hm~agoe ebocb~ koc uigsbobzz& akdgoe cbkfz& kocpr~zrgoe p~msugsimrs nbgoe akcb sm cm zm bosg~bfw bypfgjgsfw)Nmr~cgbr ;7934 Im >007< ;;'/ Sib zpbjgj zmjgkf jmozs~rjsgmo mhabanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh Ukff Zs~bbs umabo gz um~dbc mrs gosib egxb koc skdb mh bxb~wckw irako gosb~kjsgmoz h~ma sib zgysgbz smsib p~bzbos/ Ukff Zs~bbs umaboz jk~bb~ bypb~gbojbz koc cgzjmr~zbzk~b fmjkf koc igzsm~gjkffw zpbjgj gozskojbz mh efmnkf jkpgskfgza )Zki!fgoz ;7994 Im >007'/

Sib igzsm~w mh okojb gszbfh ikz nbbo akcb pmzzgnfb si~mrei sibjmosbzsbc igzsm~gjkf k~sgjrfksgmoz koc pmfgsgjkf zs~reefbz kamoe oko!jgkf kjsm~z& gojfrcgoe sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh okojgkf umabo koc msi!b~z& knmrs sib ebocb~bc abkogoez mh amobw& jkpgskf& koc ~gzd& kocam~b ~bjbosfw mh agj~mokojb koc jm~pm~ksb zmjgkf ~bzpmozgngfgsw)Dumfbd!Hmffkoc ;7734 cb Embcb >002n4 E~gho >0074 Akr~b~ hm~si!jmagoe'/ Sib m~ekog|ksgmo mh efmnkf okojb ikz k ebocb~bc zs~rj!

sr~b )Kzzkzzg >007< >'/ Obmfgnb~kf cgzjmr~zbzuigji zrppm~s sibgcbk mh sib h~bb ak~dbsk~b goib~bosfw ebocb~bc koc k~b banbccbc gookojgkf gozsgsrsgmoz& gojfrcgoe okojgkf!zb~xgjb ~az koc sib Um~fcNkod )E~gho >007'/ Obmfgnb~kfgza gz amzs mhsbo rocb~zsmmc sm nb kobjmomagj cmjs~gob& k sibm~w mh pmfgsgjkf bjmomagj p~kjsgjbz siksp~mpmzbz siks irako ubff nbgoe jko nbzs nb kcxkojbc nw fgnb~ksgoegocgxgcrkf bos~bp~bobr~gkf h~bbcmaz koc zdgffz ugsigo ko gozsgsrsgmokfh~kabum~d jik~kjsb~g|bc nw zs~moe p~gxksb p~mpb~sw ~geisz& h~bb ak~!

dbsz& koc h~bb s~kcb )Ik~xbw >002< :'/ Irako nbgoez k~b sirz rocb~!zsmmc sm nb ~ksgmokf koc ebocb~!obrs~kf zrnlbjsz/ Nrs obmfgnb~kfgzajko kfzm nb jmojbpsrkfg|bc kz sib xk~gmrz abkoz nw uigji s~kcgsgmokfemxb~ogoe kjsgxgsgbz& gojfrcgoe sib pr~zrgs mh ebocb~ b{rgsw& k~b ~bjkzskz omopmfgsgjkf koc omogcbmfmegjkf p~mnfbaz siks obbc sbjiomfmegjkfzmfrsgmoz )Moe >008< :'/ Sib~b gz sirz omsigoe pr~bfw bjmomagjknmrs obmfgnb~kfgza/ Obmfgnb~kfgza gz goib~bosfw k pmfgsgjkf& ebocb~bcp~mlbjs ugsi k ak~dbs kebock )E~gho >007< ygx'/

Obmfgnb~kfgza koc msib~ ebocb~bc cgzjmr~zbz zikpb sib jrfsr~bz mh

efmnkf ak~dbsz& Ukff Zs~bbs ~az& koc okojgb~z/ Koc okojgb~z ~bp~m!crjb koc zmabsgabz jikoeb sib ebocb~bc jrfsr~b mh okojb si~mreisibg~ bxb~wckw p~kjsgjbz )AjCmubff ;7754 Hgzib~ >0034 cb Embcb>002n& >0074 Im >007'/ Ukff Zs~bbs umabo koc abo k~b sirz zs~rj!


15/42

8 Gos~mcrjsgmo

sr~kffw banbccbc kebosz4 sibg~ gocgxgcrkf koc jmffbjsgxb kebojw gzjrfsr~kffw zikpbc koc m~ekog|bc )M~sob~ ;775< ;04 Hgzib~ >0034 Fkoe!

fbw >009'/ Hgokojb gz rfsgaksbfw k pb~hm~aksgxb p~kjsgjb )Jkffmo ;7794Akjdbo|gb >0084 Imfabz >007'/ Ukff Zs~bbs umaboz ebocb~bc pb~!hm~akojbz go okojb cm oms bygzs go kccgsgmo sm& m~ k~b mh zbjmock~wgapm~skojb sm ~bkf aksb~gkf okojb zs~rjsr~bz& nrs k~b p~bjgzbfw sibukw go uigji okojb& gojfrcgoe j~gzbz& gz aksb~gkfg|bc koc ebocb~bc)cb Embcb >002n< 59& :7324 >007'/

Nrs komsib~ dgoc mh igzsm~gjkf koc jrfsr~kf p~mjbzz gz bzzbosgkf smrocb~zskocgoe sib hm~aksgmo mh Ukff Zs~bbs koc okojgkf kjsm~z kocsibg~ kebojw& pk~sgjrfk~fw sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh umabo koc sibg~zrjjbzz< sib hbagogzs amxbabos siks zmreis koc jmosgorbz sm zbbd sibkcxkojbabos koc b{rgsw mh umabo/ Sib um~fc mh okojgkf jkpgskfkoc ak~dbsz ibfpbc zikpb Ukff Zs~bbs umaboz ikngsrz koc kebojw&nrs sib fgnb~kf hbagogzs amxbabos mh sib fksb zgysgbz koc bk~fw zbxbo!sgbzgojfrcgoe sib gcbk mh umaboz b{rkfgswj~bksbc sib xb~w pmz!zgngfgsw hm~ umabo sm bosb~ gosm okojb go sib ~zs pfkjb )M~sob~ >00:084 Fkg~c >008'/ Koc hbagogza jikoebc cr~goe sib bgeisgbz kocogobsgbz kz sib umabo amxbc rp sib jm~pm~ksb fkccb~/ Zmab kjk!

cbagj koc kjsgxgzs hbagogzsz jmosgorbc sm sigod mh hbagogza kz kzgoerfk~ amxbabos byp~bzzgoe k jmib~bos rocb~zskocgoe mh k zik~bc&k~erknfw ~makosgj zgzsb~immc )Moe >008< :>'/ Nrs Kh~gjko Kab~g!jkoz koc msib~ kjsm~z ak~egokfg|bc nw zrji k rogbc omsgmo nbeko smj~gsg{rb sib amxbabosz fkjd mh kssbosgmo sm msib~ zs~rjsr~bz mh go!b{rkfgsw gojfrcgoe ~kjb& jfkzz& jmfmogkfgza& koc zbyrkfgsw& sib~bnw go!j~bkzgoefw c~kugoe kssbosgmo sm gzzrbz mh cgxb~zgsw& cghhb~bojb& kocpmub~ )Cg~dz bs kf/ ;7734 M~sob~ ;778'/ Go sigz jmosbys& sib umaboz

amxbabos kppbk~z sm ikxb nbbo bjfgpzbc nw ko bypkozgxb& pmfw!jbos~gj& ibsb~mebobmrz cgzjr~zgxb bfc mh kjsgmo jmapmzbc mh zmab!sgabz kfgeobc simrei mhsbo h~keabosbc oksgmokf koc s~kozoksgmokfhbagogzs obsum~dz siks c~gxb hm~uk~c ebocb~ b{rkfgsw cbakocz )Dko!smfk koc Z{rg~bz hm~sijmagoe< 9'/ Ks sib zkab sgab& ebocb~ koccgxb~zgsw akokebabos ikz bab~ebc kz k dbw irako ~bzmr~jbz zs~ks!bew go sib Rogsbc Zsksbz )Cmnngo >0074 Z{rg~bz o/c/< :'/ Irako~bzmr~jbz pb~zmoobf koc bybjrsgxbz& gojfrcgoe zmab abanb~z mh sib~zs ebob~ksgmo mh Ukff Zs~bbs umabo& goj~bkzgoefw akgozs~bkabc

sbobsz mh fgnb~kf hbagogza koc sib gcbk mh cgxb~zgsw gosm efmnkf jm~pm~k!sgmoz koc okojgkf ~az/ Sib mojb jfbk~ cgzjmoobjsgmo nbsubbo hbag!ogza koc sib jm~pm~ksb k~bok& go uigji hbagogza kz k zmjgkf amxb!abos ukz rocb~zsmmc sm nb zbpk~ksb koc mppmzbc sm sib um~fc mh


16/42

Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo 5

nrzgobzz& ikz nbjmab goj~bkzgoefw fbzz jfbk~ koc am~b jmapfgjksbc)Fkg~c >0084 Cmnngo >0074 Z{rg~bz o/c/'/

Gs gz cghjrfs sm jmapfbsbfw ~babanb~ sib bysbos mh zbyrkf cgzj~gag!oksgmo go sib Rogsbc Zsksbz& kz ubff kz imu sim~mreifw gcbkz mh akz!jrfgogsw zs~rjsr~bc Ukff Zs~bbs go pk~sgjrfk~ cr~goe sib zgysgbz koczbxbosgbz/ Ukff Zs~bbs jikoebc go pk~s nbjkrzb emxb~oaboskf kebojgbzzrjjbzzhrffw n~mdb cmuo zmab mh sib cgzj~gagoksgmo si~mrei k xk~gbswmh bhhm~sz/ Sib B{rkf Bapfmwabos Mppm~srogsw Jmaagzzgmo )bbmj'koc msib~ bosgsgbz ikc n~mreis zbxb~kf aklm~ fkuzrgsz kekgozs UkffZs~bbs ~az mo nbikfh mh umabo nbegoogoe go sib zbxbosgbz )koc gohkjs fkuzrgsz k~b zsgff nbgoe pr~zrbc smckw'/ Ukff Zs~bbs kfzm jikoebcnbjkrzb sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh umabo ikc jikoebc gs/ Sibw cgc omspk~sgjgpksb go sib hrff!nfmuo hbagogzs amxbabos mh sib ckw& nrs sibg~ab~b p~bzbojb mo sib Zs~bbs nbeko sm jikoeb sib ~rfbz mh sib ebocb~ekab/ Sib umabo ibfpbc gojm~pm~ksb kzpbjsz mh fgnb~kf koc msib~hm~az mh hbagogza ~zs gosm okojgkf gozsgsrsgmoz koc fksb~ go sibKab~gjko pmfgsgjkf zwzsba& n~goegoe smebsib~ ak~dbs& hbagogzs& kocbxbosrkffw pmfgsgjkf zbozgngfgsgbz )Bgzbozsbgo >0074 Aj^mnngb >0074Dkosmfk koc Z{rg~bz hm~sijmagoe'/ Si~mreimrs sib fkzs si~bb cbjkcbz

mh sib subosgbsi jbosr~w koc sib nbegoogoe mh sib obu agffboogra&sib umabo j~bksbc sib e~mrocz hm~ n~goegoe hbagogza gosm jmoxb~zk!sgmo ugsi sib ak~dbs/ Koc kz sib ~bjbos bjmomagj j~gzgz bypmzbc sibobbc hm~ obu fbkcb~zigp mo Ukff Zs~bbs koc go sib efmnkf bjmomaw&ebocb~bc rocb~zskocgoez mh umabo kz nbgoe am~b jmozb~xksgxb koc~gzd kuk~b ~bzr~hkjbc& jfbk~goe sib e~mroc hm~ sib pmzzgnfb hbagog|goemh ak~dbsz )^mzbonfra >007< 28'/

Sib umaboz gocgxgcrkf koc jmffbjsgxb ngme~kpigbznbhm~b sibw

jkab sm Ukff Zs~bbs& go sib um~fc mh okojb& koc go sibg~ p~mhbzzgmokfobsum~dzzikpbc sibg~ gogsgkf rocb~zskocgoez mh sib ~bfksgmozigpznbsubbo sib ak~dbspfkjb koc hbagogza kz ubff kz simzb ~bfksgmozigpzugsi sib um~dpfkjb& ebocb~& koc jfkzz/ Koc si~mrei sibg~ bxb~wckwp~kjsgjbz& sibw um~dbc mo& cbnksbc& koc kssbapsbc sm er~b mrs nmsisibg~ gcbosgsw kz p~mhbzzgmokf umabo& koc sib bysbos sm uigji& kocbxbo sib ukwz go uigji& sibw jmrfc nbego sm jikoeb sib ebocb~bcjrfsr~b mh okojb koc pmfgsgjz/ Sibw nbjkab ak~dbs!hbagogzs zrnlbjszkz wmroe kcrfsz pk~sgjgpksgoe go sib nbk~ ak~dbs mh sib zbxbosgbz uigfb

kfzm nbgoe gorbojbc nw sib umaboz amxbabos/ Si~mrei sibg~ jmf!fbeb wbk~z koc bk~fw bcrjksgmo mo Ukff Zs~bbs& sibw cbxbfmpbc cgzpmzg!sgmoz siks ibfpbc siba zr~xgxb< sibw fbk~obc imu sm jk~~w sibazbfxbzkoc imu sm banmcw k p~mhbzzgmokf!akokeb~gkf jfkzzbc hbagogob gcbo!


17/42

9 Gos~mcrjsgmo

sgsw go sib um~dpfkjb koc ugsigo sibg~ obsum~dz/ Uibo sibw hbfs mrs mhpfkjb kz umabo go sib igeifw akzjrfgob boxg~moabosz mh s~kcgoe

mm~z koc nmk~c~mmaz& sibw jmkjibc mob komsib~ mo sib nbzs ukwz smcgzpfkw p~mhbzzgmokf& jmocbos& hbakfb zbfxbz/ Koc sibw imobc sibzbnmcgfw sbjiog{rbz mxb~ sgab rosgf sibw hbfs koc kppbk~bc sm nb jma!pfbsbfw oksr~kf oms mofw sm sibazbfxbz koc bkji msib~ nrs sm bxb~wmobk~mroc siba/ Sirz& sib umaboz kppbk~kojb koc pb~hm~akojbz mhjk~goe koc ~gzd kxb~zgmo ub~b oms zgapfw kss~gnrsbz sibw ub~b nm~ougsi/ Sibw fbk~obc sibzb ukwz mh kjsgoe& koc nbgoe simreis mh kzzrjjbzzhrf go okojb& si~mrei sibg~ bypb~gbojbz go sib okojgkf um~fc/Am~b fk~ebfw& sibw gogsgkffw ban~kjbc hbagogzs gcbmfmegbz jmxb~sfw m~{rgbsfw go sib huk mh Obu Wm~d Jgsw/ Nrs& goj~bkzgoefw& sibw kjdomuf!bcebc koc kjsbc mo sibg~ hbagogzs cgzpmzgsgmo am~b prnfgjfw go sibUmaboz Jkapkgeo Hroc )ujh'& uigji ukz k ngpk~sgzko e~mrp mhumabo )koc zmab abo' hmrocbc go ;753 siks ukz jmaagssbc sm bfbjs!goe p~m!jimgjb umabo gosm emxb~oaboskf mhjb/ Sigz e~mrp cbxbf!mpbc k ak~dbs!hbagogzs ikngsrz siks kffmubc siba sm ban~kjb zmabgcbmfmegbz mh sib Ukff Zs~bbs um~dpfkjb )zrji kz ab~gsmj~kjw& sibnmssma fgob& koc pr~pm~sbc ebocb~ obrs~kfgsw' uigfb kfzm kcxmjksgoe

hm~ zpbjgj sbobsz mh fgnb~kf koc jrfsr~kf hbagogza& zrji kz ebocb~b{rkfgsw koc sib jbfbn~ksgmo mh ebocb~ cghhb~bojbz& gojfrcgoe umabozzrppmzbc gooksb ~gzd!kxb~zb {rkfgsgbz/ Nw sib sgab mh sib >0057 oko!jgkf j~gzgz& zmab mh sibzb ebocb~bc pb~hm~akojbz mh okojb ub~b zmoksr~kfg|bc siks sib obys ebob~ksgmo mh umabo jmrfc koc cgc k~erbsiks umaboz rog{rb jk~goe& ~gzd!uk~w kngfgsgbz akcb siba rog{rbfwpmzgsgmobc sm zkxb sib efmnkf bjmomaw h~ma sib xb~eb mh jkskzs~mpib/Kz k ~bzrfs& zmab abanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo ikxb zb~xbc kz s~kozg!

sgmokf er~bz nbsubbo cghhb~bos jmozsbffksgmoz mh ebocb~& okojgkf ak~!dbsz& koc hbagogza/ Sibg~ zsm~gbz ibfp sm gffragoksb imu sib nkfkojb mhpmub~ zighsz nkjd koc hm~si nbsubbo sibg~ akdgoe mh ak~dbs hbagogzakoc gsz mppmzgsb pmfb< sib hbagog|goe mh ak~dbsz/ Siks gz& hbagogzs gcbkzkoc p~kjsgjbz ikxb obxb~ nbbo jmapfbsbfw jm!mpsbc nw jkpgskfgza& om~ikz hbagogza bosg~bfw s~kozhm~abc okojgkf ~az& kjsm~z& koc p~kj!sgjbz/ Om~ ka G k~ergoe siks sib umabo p~me~bzzbc h~ma nbgoe crpbzsm nbgoe smskf hbagogzs jikoeb kebosz/ ^ksib~ ks cghhb~bos amabosz&umabo cbpfmwbc xk~wgoe omsgmoz mh ab~gsmj~kjw& b{rkfgsw& koc ebocb~

cghhb~bojb go ~bfksgmo sm sib jm~pm~ksgmo koc ak~dbspfkjb sm s~w smkcxkojb sibazbfxbz koc msib~ umabo mo Ukff Zs~bbs/

Sib pfkwgoe bfc ukz oms ko bxbo mob/ Hgokojgkf obsum~dz kocm~ekog|ksgmoz k~b dbw zgsbz siks p~mcrjb koc jmozs~kgo okojgkf kebosz4


18/42

Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo 7

okojgkf kjsm~z zrnlbjsgxgsgbz k~gzb h~ma pk~sgjrfk~ um~dpfkjb koc bjm!omagj amcbfz& jm~pm~ksb jrfsr~b& koc m~ekog|ksgmokf xkfrbz koc p~kj!

sgjbz mh Ukff Zs~bbs okojgkf gozsgsrsgmoz )^gfbz >0084 \kfmma >0084Im >007< ;;& >;3'/ Sib gozsgsrsgmoz koc nrgfcgoez mh okojbUkffZs~bbs goxbzsabos ~az& sib Jigjkem Nmk~c mh S~kcb& koc ab~jikosnkodz go sib Jgsw mh Fmocmoub~b koc jmosgorb sm nb ebocb~bczpkjbz go uigji )akgofw' abo pb~hm~a iwpb~jmapbsgsgxb akzjrfgobpb~hm~akojbz& pk~s mh sib akfb c~kak mh jkpgskf siks jmozs~rjsbcumabo kz gohb~gm~& msib~& m~ goxgzgnfb )AjCmubff ;775< >94 cbEmbcb >002n& \kfmma >008< ;;:4 Im >007'/ Umaboz bos~w mosm UkffZs~bbs kz p~mhbzzgmokfz ikz akcb siks ebocb~goe arji am~b xgzgnfb/

Am~bmxb~& ub jko zbb siks okojb jkpgskf ukz )koc gz' oms mofwpb~hm~abc ugsigo sib zs~gjs um~fc mh okojb/ Gs gz kfzm zgsrksbc kocpb~hm~abc go k ~koeb mh bxb~wckw zpkjbz koc m~ekog|ksgmoz& gojfrcgoe&hm~ bykapfb& zsksb kebojgbz )Ak~sgo >00>4 Fkoefbw >009< ;;'/ Ebo!cb~bc pb~hm~akojbz mh okojb skdb pfkjb ugsigo k xk~gbsw mh r~nkozpkjbz koc obsum~dz nbwmoc sib s~kcgsgmokf nmrock~gbz mh Ukff Zs~bbs&gojfrcgoe okojgkf umaboz m~ekog|ksgmoz koc sibg~ pmfgsgjkf obs!um~dz/ Ukff Zs~bbs umaboz obsum~dz& fgdb msib~ hbakfb um~d!~bfksbc

obsum~dz& pfkw ko gapm~skos ~mfb go jmozs~rjsgoe umaboz gcbosgsgbzkoc pmfgsgjz go koc mrs mh sib um~dpfkjb )N~mcdgo!Zkjdz ;7994 Fka!pib~b bs kf/ ;775'/ Zm sib zrnlbjsgxgsw mh okojgb~z cmbz oms bosg~bfwk~gzb h~ma sibg~ bypb~gbojbz cg~bjsfw ugsigo sib jmoobz mh sib um~d!pfkjb4 sib jrfsr~b mh Ukff Zs~bbs ~az gszbfh gz fbzz nmrocbc& am~bpm~mrz& jmosbysrkf& koc jmosgorkffw zighsgoe )Im >007< >;3'/ Hgoko!jgb~znmsi abo koc umabokoc sibg~ p~mhbzzgmokf obsum~dz go!ikngs koc rzb sib r~nko fkoczjkpb am~b n~mkcfw& go pfkjbz nbwmoc sib

um~dpfkjb& go pfkjbz siks goj~bkzgoefw nfr~ cmakgoz fmoe rocb~zsmmcsm nb zbpk~ksb< um~d koc fbgzr~b& um~d koc jmaarogsw zb~xgjb& pmfg!sgjz koc sib ak~dbs& koc hbagogza koc sib ak~dbs/ Ukff Zs~bbs uma!boz obsum~dz rzbc kjsrkf aksb~gkf zpkjbzpk~s mh nrs zbpk~ksb h~mackgfw um~d fghb mo sib Zs~bbsgo uigji sibw p~mcrjbc obu cgzjmr~zbzkoc gakebz mh ebocb~ ~bfksgmoz& okojb& hbagogza& sib um~dgoe zbfh&koc zrnlbjsgxgsw/ Am~bmxb~& umaboz obsum~dgoe p~kjsgjbz zimu rzimu sm ~bkc Obu Wm~d Jgsw kz k efmnkf okojgkf jgsw nrgfs mrs mhibsb~mebobmrz obsum~dz& zpkjbz& koc p~kjsgjbz )Hk~kz koc Nbocb~

>007'/Aw bsiome~kpigj kpp~mkji sm sib umabo ugsigo sigz ~zs ebob~k!

sgmo sirz kccz sbysr~b& orkojb& koc zpbjgjgsw sm um~d go sib zmjgkfzjgbojbz mo okojb )zpbjgjkffw sib ebocb~goe mh okojb'4 kosi~mpm!


19/42

;0 Gos~mcrjsgmo

fmegjkf koc igzsm~gjkf zsrcgbz mh bfgsbz& ebocb~& koc zmjgkf amxbabosz)M~sob~ >00:4 Fkg~c >008'4 koc j~gsgjkf hbagogzs zsrcgbz mh ~bjbos

zighsz mo hbagogza go sib jmosbys mh obmfgnb~kfgza/

Omsknfw& arji mhsib zakff nrs e~mugoe zjimfk~zigp mo ak~dbs hbagogza gz sibm~g|bc nwhbagogzs pmfgsgjkf sibm~gzsz koc zmjgkfgzs hbagogzs zmjgmfmegzsz )Bgzbo!zsbgo >0074 Dkosmfk koc Z{rg~bz hm~sijmagoe'/ Sibzb um~dz p~mxgcbpmub~hrf mxb~k~jigoe ok~~ksgxbz mo zighsz go hbagogza koc obmfgnb~kf!gza go k zgoefb zmjgbsw m~ ~koeb mh zmjgbsgbz kj~mzz k xk~gbsw mh jrfsr~kfjmosbysz koc sgabz/ G n~goe sigz ok~~ksgxb gosm jmoxb~zksgmo ugsi bsi!ome~kpigj sibm~g|goe& bhhbjsgxbfw zrnzsgsrsgoe sib go!cbpsi zsrcw mh kzgoefb jmim~s mh zmjgkf kjsm~z )sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo' koc sibg~ obsum~dzmxb~ sib pkzs xb cbjkcbz hm~ sib n~mkcfw jmapk~ksgxb kpp~mkji mhsborzbc nw hbagogzs sibm~gzsz/ Aw um~d n~goez smebsib~ cmakgozsibum~fcz mh bfgsb okojb koc bfgsb hbagogzasiks ikxb& rp rosgf omu&~bakgobc rocb~sibm~g|bc koc rocb~bypfm~bc bsiome~kpigjkffw/ Am~b!mxb~& ~ksib~ siko ke~bbgoe ugsi ak~dbs!hbagogzs zjimfk~z siks ak~dbsgcbmfmegbz kfukwz knzm~n koc jm!mp hbagogza& aw um~d kfzm bsiom!e~kpigjkffw bypfm~bz imu Ukff Zs~bbs umabo goj~bkzgoefw boekeb sibmsib~ m~ mppmzgsb pmfb< sibw kfzm hbagog|b ak~dbsz& bzpbjgkffw go sibg~

pmzs~bsg~babos p~mlbjsz/ Ub jko zbb efgaab~z mh jikoeb kamoe zmab~azzmab pmprfksbc nw abanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmosiks k~bnbegoogoe sm hbagog|b ak~dbsz nw cbxbfmpgoe kfsb~oksgxb& zmjgkffw ~b!zpmozgnfb goxbzsgoe kpp~mkjibz siks hmjrz& hm~ bykapfb& mo kcxmjksgoeebocb~ b{rkfgsw mo jm~pm~ksb nmk~cz/

Sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh umabo sm zrjjbzzhrffw kcxkojb mo UkffZs~bbs& sibg~ akdgoe mh ak~dbs hbagogza& koc sibg~ hbagog|goe mh ak~!dbsz ikxb sirz nbbo mxb~fmmdbc nw kosi~mpmfmegzsz& zmjgmfmegzsz& koc

igzsm~gkoz/ Am~bmxb~& arji mh sib zjimfk~zigp mo umabo go akfb!cmagoksbc gocrzs~gbz go okojb koc nrzgobzz go sib Rogsbc Zsksbzikz sbocbc sm ~bh~kgo h~ma kcc~bzzgoe sib pibomabomo mh pmub~hrfumabo )N~mocm koc Nknk >008'/ Sigz nmmd zbbdz sm gffragoksbsibzb umaboz igzsm~w& sm jik~s sibg~ jk~bb~z rp sib jm~pm~ksb fkccb~&koc sm jkpsr~b sib jrfsr~kf koc pmfgsgjkf cgabozgmoz mh sibg~ bypb~g!bojbz/ Go cmgoe zm& G jikffboeb hmr~ ugcbzp~bkc awsiz knmrs pgmobb~!goe hbakfb bybjrsgxbz koc okojb< sib omohbagogzs hbakfb okojgb~4sib fmob hbakfb pgmobb~4 sib rppb~!jfkzz hbakfb okojgb~4 koc sib

zbpk~ksgmo mh sib okojgkf ak~dbs koc obmfgnb~kfgza h~ma ebocb~ kochbagogza/


20/42

Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo ;;

Sib Awsi mh sib Omohbagogzs Hbakfb Hgokojgb~

Sib s~kcgsgmokf pb~jbpsgmo mh umabo mo Ukff Zs~bbs& pk~sgjrfk~fw mhabanb~z mh sib pgmobb~goe ebob~ksgmo& imfcz siks sib umabo kj!jbpsbc koc uimffw kcmpsbc sib akzjrfgob jrfsr~b mh okojb go m~cb~sm zrjjbbc p~mhbzzgmokffw& koc siks sibw cgc oms gcbosghw kz hbagogzsz m~ugsi sib hbagogzs amxbabos siks go pk~s ukz ~bzpmozgnfb hm~ mpbogoesib cmm~z hm~ siba gosm sib nrzgobzz um~fc/ Nrs zmab mh sib umaboikc kssbocbc kff!umaboz jmffbebz uib~b sibw ~bkc Nbssw H~gbckozSib Hbagogob Awzsg{rb );78:' kocAz/ akek|gob& koc sibw ub~b kuk~bmh hbakfb jmozjgmrzobzz!~kgzgoe e~mrpz/ Nw sib sgab sibw bosb~bc UkffZs~bbs sibw nbeko sm {rbzsgmo koc bxbo przi kekgozs sib ebocb~bc~rfbz mh sibg~ ~az/ Zmab mh sib umabo rzbc sib huk sm abcgsksb mosib abkogoe mh nbgoe k zrjjbzzhrf hbakfb mo Ukff Zs~bbs koc mo sibg~muo ~bfksgmozigpz sm okojb& hbagogogsw& akzjrfgogsw& koc sib hbagogzsamxbabos/

Amzs mh sib umabo cgc oms zpbkd mrs kekgozs sib akfb bzsknfgzi!abos go ebob~kf& m~ mh Ukff Zs~bbs go pk~sgjrfk~/ Om~ cgc sib huk kz kom~ekog|ksgmo prnfgjfw skdb k zskojb/ Gozsbkc sib huk p~bzbosbc gsz

e~mrp kz k nrzgobzz m~ekog|ksgmo hmjrzbc mo kcxkojgoe umabo gookojb/ Sibw fbhs pmfgsgjz mrszgcb/ Nrs sm kjjbps sigz kz bxgcbojb sikssib umabo koc sibg~ obsum~dz ikc gosb~okfg|bc koc sirz ab~bfw ~b!p~mcrjbc sib akfb!cmagoksbc jrfsr~b mh okojb koc Kab~gjk go ebo!b~kf gz sm geom~b sib zs~boesi mh sib hbagogzs amxbabos mh sib zgysgbzkoc zbxbosgbz/ Gs gz kfzm sm agzgosb~p~bs umaboz zgfbojb kz kj{rgbz!jbojb& koc sm jmozs~rb hbagogza koc sib kjsgoe mrs mh hbagogza go~bfksgxbfw ok~~mu sb~az kz sib m~ekog|ksgmo mh hm~akf hbagogzs kjsgxgzs

e~mrpz& ~kcgjkf hbagogzs sibm~g|goe& koc cg~bjs kjsgmo/ Gocbbc& sibigzsm~w mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh umaboz ~bzgzskojb sm sib akfb!cmagoksbc um~fc mh Ukff Zs~bbs kjsrkffw nbeko nbhm~b sib umaboub~b bxbo ig~bc gosm sibg~ ~zs lmnz/ Bxbo go sibg~ bk~fw subosgbz& h~bzimrs mh jmffbeb& zmab mh sib umabo jkab sm Obu Wm~d ugsi sibg~ muomoemgoe zbozb mh hbagogza koc hbagogzs pmfgsgjz/ Imubxb~& sib gcbmf!mew go okojb siks zrppm~sbc abo kz fbkcb~z koc cbkf akdb~zsibakfb pmub~ zs~rjsr~bjmozs~kgobc sib umabo )koc sibg~ obsum~dz'/Am~b mhsbo siko oms& ks fbkzs go sib bk~fw wbk~z )sib zbxbosgbz koc bxbo

bgeisgbz'& sibw ~bh~kgobc h~ma skjsgjz siks cg~bjsfw jikffboebc sib akfbibebamow/ Omobsibfbzz& go sib agczs mh nrgfcgoe jk~bb~z mo UkffZs~bbs& sibw oms mofw zr~xgxbc nrs n~mdb si~mrei ebocb~bc nk~~gb~z/ Smcm zm ~b{rg~bc sib umabo sm um~d smuk~c ~bcbogoe ebocb~ ~mfbz


21/42

;> Gos~mcrjsgmo

uigfb akgoskgogoe k jmozb~xksgxb kngfgsw sm s go koc oms akdb ukxbznw jikffboegoe sib uimfb ebocb~bc zwzsba/

Sib Awsi mh sib Fmob Hbakfb Pgmobb~

Gs ikz nbjmab k jmaamo rocb~zskocgoe siks umabo go sib jm~pm~ksbum~fc& pk~sgjrfk~fw cr~goe sib zbxbosgbz& ub~b fmob pgmobb~z& smdboumabo )Dkosb~ ;755'/ Sib~b ub~b& go hkjs& xb~w hbu p~mhbzzgmokfumabo go bkji ~a ks siks sgab< sib~b ub~b mofw k hbu iroc~bc mo kffmh Ukff Zs~bbs ks sib xb~w amzs/ Nrs sibg~ gzmfksgmo kjsrkffw hm~jbc sibasm zbbd mrs msib~ umabo )fgdb sibazbfxbz' nw kssbocgoe huk abbsgoezkoc go zmab jkzbz nbjmagoe kjsgxb abanb~z mh sib huk nmk~c/ Mobzs~gdgoe zs~boesi mh sib hukukz gsz kngfgsw sm p~mxgcb gsz abanb~z ugsioms mofw zmab mh sib ~bzmr~jbz objbzzk~w sm fbk~o sm akobrxb~ mo UkffZs~bbs& nrs kfzm sm p~mxgcb k hbakfb zpkjb hm~ sib umabo sm abbs mobkomsib~ koc nrgfc gapm~skos sgbz koc h~gboczigpz ugsi mob komsib~/Sigz cmakgo ukz ksskjibc sm nrs zbpk~ksb h~ma Ukff Zs~bbs ~az/^berfk~fw kssbocgoe abbsgoez& koc hm~egoe sgbz mh arsrkf rocb~zskoc!goe& sibw hmzsb~bc cbbp h~gboczigpz siks p~mxgcbc bamsgmokf zrppm~s kz

sibw cbkfs ugsi cghjrfs akfb nmzzbz& hm~ bykapfb/ Sigz cmbz oms abkosiks sib umabo cgc oms ks sgabz jmapbsb ugsi mob komsib~ m~ bxbo fgdbmob komsib~/ Nrs sm geom~b sib ~mfb mh hbakfb obsum~dz koc h~gboczigpzgo sib igzsm~w mh Ukff Zs~bbs umaboz kcxkojbabos gz sm mnzjr~b sibabkogoe koc gapkjs mh kff hbakfb sgbz mo umaboz jk~bb~z go okojb/

Zmab h~ma sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo pk~sgjgpksbc go sib huk mofw bbs!goefw4 simzb ugsi kangsgmoz sm nbjmab goxbzsabos nkodb~z& go pk~sgjr!fk~& jkab sm ~bfw hk~ am~b mo zbogm~ akfb abosm~z siko mo sibg~ hbakfb

jmrosb~pk~sz/ Msib~z& p~gak~gfw go uiks nbjkab sib am~b hbagog|bck~bk mh ~bzbk~ji& ~bfgbc hk~ am~b koc hk~ fmoeb~ mo sibg~ hbakfb hukh~gbocz hm~ zrppm~s koc ibfp ugsi ocgoe lmnz/ Nrs go bgsib~ jkzb& sibhuk pfkwbc k aklm~ ~mfb go kff mh sibzb umaboz fgxbz/

Nw sib fksb bgeisgbz koc bk~fw ogobsgbz& zmab mh sib umabo cbjgcbcsm nbjmab am~b mxb~sfw pmfgsgjkf mrszgcb sibg~ ~az/ Mob nw mob sibwlmgobc koc n~mreis mob komsib~ gosm sib Umaboz Jkapkgeo Hroc)ujh'& k ngpk~sgzko m~ekog|ksgmo siks ibfpbc kcxkojb p~m!jimgjbumabo gosm bfbjsbc mhjb/ Sibg~ cbjgzgmo sm nbjmab prnfgjfw kjsgxb go

umaboz pmfgsgjzsm p~mhbzzgmokffw koc okojgkffw zrppm~s umabozfbkcb~zigp go emxb~oabos& koc zpbjgjkffw p~m!jimgjb umaboz fbkcb~!zigpp~mxbc sm nb ~bak~dknfb go k cbjkcb mh nkjdfkzi kekgozs hbag!


22/42

Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo ;:

ogza/ Pmfgsgjz koc pmprfk~ jrfsr~b ub~b ffbc ugsi jmozb~xksgxb& kosg!umabo zbosgabos rocb~ sib krzpgjbz mh ^mokfc ^bkekoz koc Ebm~eb

Nrziz p~bzgcbojgbz )Hkfrcg ;77;'/ Kz kjsgxb abanb~z mh sibujhnmk~c& sib umabo hmreis sm gojm~pm~ksb hbagogzs gcbkz gosm sib pmfgsg!jkf zwzsbagcbkz siks ub~b hk~ am~b ~kcgjkf siko kowsigoe sibw ikcnbbo knfb sm bzpmrzb go sib huk/ Sibw ub~b sib ~zs hbakfb ak~dbskjsm~z sm jmffbjsgxbfw przi sib kebock mh umaboz pmfgsgjz/

Sib Awsi mh sib Rppb~!Jfkzz Hbakfb Hgokojgb~

Amzs pbmpfb kzzrab siks sib umabo pgmobb~z mo sib Zs~bbs ub~b& nwkoc fk~eb& h~ma sib rppb~ agccfb jfkzz& zpbjgjkffw siks sib umaboub~b e~kcrksbz mh mob mh sib bfgsb umaboz jmffbebz siks akcb rp sibZbxbo Zgzsb~z koc ub~b sirz ubff pmzgsgmobc sm hmffmu go sib bfgsbhmmszsbpz mh sibg~ hksib~z koc n~msib~z gosm okojb& fku& abcgjgob& kocemxb~oabos/ Am~bmxb~& pbmpfb ikxb p~mlbjsbc sib efkamr~ mh bgeisgbzUkff Zs~bbs nkjd gosm bk~fgb~ sgabz& gakegogoe zbxbosgbz xb~zgmoz mhEm~cmo Ebddm zpmrsgoe e~bbc gz emmc akos~kz koc lmnz mhhb~goe sibp~magzb mh ireb zkfk~gbz koc k fghb mh fgamrzgob ~gcbz koc jikapkeob/

Go ~bkfgsw& amzs mh sib umabo koc arji mh sib jrfsr~b mh Ukff Zs~bbsub~b cghhb~bos/ Koc sib zpbjgj zakff e~mrp mh umabo siks G hmffmu gosigz nmmd ukz byjbpsgmokf< sibw jkab mrs mh am~b zmfgc agccfb!jfkzzr~nko koc zrnr~nko nkjde~mrocz )b/e/& h~ma N~mmdfwo& Obu Lb~zbw&koc Jmoobjsgjrs' koc ikc kssbocbc zakffb~& fbzz bfgsb umaboz jmf!fbebz koc zsksb rogxb~zgsgbz& gojfrcgoe Akoikssko Jmffbeb& Ugfzmo Jmf!fbeb& koc zrow Kfnkow/ )Gxw Fbkerb rogxb~zgsgbz ub~b oms mpbo smumabo cr~goe sib zgysgbz/ Jmfrangk Jmffbeb& hm~ bykapfb& cgc oms em

jm!bc rosgf ;79:/' Sibg~ hksib~z sbocbc sm nb zkfbzabo go gozr~kojb kocnrzgobzz/ Sibg~ amsib~z ub~b zskw!ks!imab amaz/ Uigfb k ikochrf mhsib umabo ikc bk~obc nrzgobzz cbe~bbz h~ma bfgsb rogxb~zgsgbz nw sibsgab sibw jkab mosm Ukff Zs~bbs& amzs um~dbc hrff!sgab uigfb emgoe smObu Wm~d Rogxb~zgswz nrzgobzz zjimmf ks ogeis koc ikc abs mobkomsib~ si~mrei sibg~ pk~sgjgpksgmo go sib huk/ Am~bmxb~& sibw akcbsibg~ ukw gosm Akoiksskoz okojgkf cgzs~gjs kagc sib zbxbosgbz cr~goemob mh sib um~zs ~bjbzzgmoz go sib igzsm~w mh sib jgsw& oksgmo& koc&gocbbc& um~fc/ Sibw fgxbc go j~kapbc zsrcgm kpk~sabosz koc ukfdbc

m~ smmd sib nrz sm um~d/ Mhsbo& pk~sgjrfk~fw ks sib nbegoogoe wbk~z mhsibg~ jk~bb~z& sib umabo ub~b rojb~skgo kz sm uiks dgoc mh c~bzz smubk~ sm k nrzgobzz cgoob~ pk~sw& uiks dgoc mh ugob sm m~cb~ ks zrji ko


23/42

;3 Gos~mcrjsgmo

bxbos& m~ bxbo uiks hm~d sm rzb hm~ sib zkfkc/ Sibw ig~bc zpbkdb~z smskfd sm sib e~mrp oms mofw knmrs okojb& nrs kfzm imu sm zrjjbbc koc

nb xgbubc kz zrjjbzzhrf umabo mo Ukff Zs~bbs koc nbwmoc/Mofw mxb~ sgab& kz sib umabo ub~b p~mamsbc rp sib jk~bb~ fkccb~&

koc sib um~fc mh okojb e~bu go uiks nbjkab ko keb mh efmnkfg|ksgmo&cb~berfksgmo& koc zik~bimfcb~ xkfrb cgc sibg~ zkfk~gbz goj~bkzb/ Mofwsibo cgc sibw amxb sm zpkjgmrz Rppb~ Bkzs Zgcb kpk~sabosz koc nrwzraab~ imabz mo sib uksb~ go Jmoobjsgjrs/ Sibw kssbocbcujhhroc!~kgzgoe pk~sgbz ks sib ibkc{rk~sb~z mh P|b~ koc msib~ aklm~jm~pm~ksgmoz/ Sib umabo sirz nbjkab abanb~z mh Kab~gjkz p~mhbz!zgmokf bfgsb& koc go zmab jkzbz sibw lmgobc sib obu zrpb~jfkzz efmnkfbfgsb )^msidmph >009'/ Sib umabo sirz cgc oms lrzs rzb sib huk kocfksb~ mo sibujh kz ebocb~bc zpkjbz sm er~b mrs sibg~ ~bfksgmozigp smebocb~& okojb& koc hbagogza/ Sibw kfzm rzbc sibzb zpkjbz sm fbk~oimu sm kjs fgdb p~mhbzzgmokf akokeb~gkf umabo/

Sib Awsi mh sib Zbpk~ksgmo mh Hgokojb h~ma Hbagogza

Jfkzzgj bjmomagzsz jmozgcb~ sib okojgkf ak~dbs sm nb ko knzs~kjs

zwzsba )cb Embcb >002n< :34 Fkoefbw >0094 Im >007'/ Ak~dbsz k~bbgsib~ zgsbz mh jmosgorkf& ~kpgc muz mh jkpgskf )\kfmma >008' m~ |mobzmh ~ksgmokf kjsgmo pmprfksbc nw zbfh!gosb~bzsbc zrnlbjsz uimzb zmfbemkf gz sib pr~zrgs mh p~ms )\kfmma >0084 Kzzkzzg >0074 E~gho >007'/Go bgsib~ jkzb& sib ak~dbs gz pm~s~kwbc kz zbpk~ksb koc kpk~s h~ma sibbhhbjsz mh zmjgbsw& jrfsr~b& koc ebocb~ )AjCmubff ;7754 cb Embcb>002n< yyx4 Im >007'/ Igzsm~gjkf koc jmosbapm~k~w kjjmrosz mh !okojb swpgjkffw u~gsb mrs cbnksbz mxb~ sib p~mpb~ abkogoe mh nbgoe k

hbakfb m~ akfb goxbzsabos nkodb~ )Dumfbd!Hmffkoc ;7734 cb Embcb>002n< >;384 H~kzb~ >0024 Akr~b~ hm~sijmagoe'/ Kz k ~bzrfs& okojbkoc bjmomagjz k~b rocb~zsmmc kz cbpmfgsgjg|bc cmakgoz mh kjsgxgsw)cb Embcb >002n4 Fkoefbw >0094 Imfabz >007'/ Go sr~o& pmfgsgjkfzs~reefbz koc zmjgkf amxbabosz& gojfrcgoe hbagogza& k~b simreis smnb mrszgcb sib zpib~b mh sib ak~dbspfkjb/ Zmjgkf amxbabos kjsm~z k~brocb~zsmmc sm j~gsg{rb jkpgskfgza& oms pk~skdb go gs/

Cr~goe sib zgysgbz& Akoiksskoz cmuosmuo okojgkf cgzs~gjs ukzmofw k hbu agfbz kukw h~ma E~bbougji Xgffkeb& mob mh sib aklm~ irnz

mh sib umaboz amxbabos/ Nrs sib cghhb~bojbz go sib jrfsr~b mh bkji mhsibzb sum obgeinm~immcz jmrfc oms ikxb nbbo am~b cghhb~bos/ Uibosib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh umabo akcb sibg~ ukw mosm Ukff Zs~bbs& sib


24/42

Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo ;2

um~fc mh Obu Wm~d Jgsw okojb ukz k akfb!cmagoksbc zpkjb go fmub~koc agcsmuo Akoikssko/ Umabo& hm~ sib amzs pk~s& um~dbc kz zbj~b!

sk~gbz& zsbome~kpib~z& nmmddbbpb~z& ~bjbpsgmogzsz& m~& go k hbu ~bfksgxbfw~k~b jkzbz& ~bzbk~jib~z )Emo|kfb| koc Emo|kfb| ;7294 Hgzib~ >0;0'/ Go;785& Knngb Imhhako koc igz hbffmu Wgppgbz nr~obc cmffk~ ngffz&ckojbc go sib zs~bbsz zr~~mrocgoe sib Obu Wm~d Zsmjd Byjikoeb& kockoomrojbc sm sib p~bzz siks sibw ub~b bagzzk~gbz h~ma k obu ebob~k!sgmo siks fkreibc ks amobw koc fgxbc h~bb )H~kzb~ >002< 2>2'/ MoKrerzs >8& ;750 )Umaboz ^geisz Ckw'& k sgow e~mrp mh umabo cba!mozs~ksbc go h~mos mh sib Obu Wm~d Zsmjd Byjikoeb mo nbikfh mh sibg~~geisz mo Ukff Zs~bbs/ Rofgdb sib Wgppgbz& sibw nbfgbxbc go sib gozsgsr!sgmo koc ukosbc sm nbfmoe sm gs koc j~bksb jikoeb h~ma ugsigo gs/

Omob mh sib umabo siks G u~gsb knmrs pk~sgjgpksbc go m~ bxbo~babanb~ sigz umaboz p~msbzs/ Hm~ amzs mh sibg~ fgxbz& simzb go sib~zs ebob~ksgmo ub~b hm~jbc sm dbbp sibg~ zbozb mh sibazbfxbz kz p~m!hbzzgmokf umabo go okojb zbpk~ksb koc kpk~s h~ma sibg~ gcbosgjk!sgmo ugsi koc gcbosgsw kz hbagogzsz/ Sigz ukz pk~sgjrfk~fw s~rb cr~goesib bk~fw cbjkcbz mh sibg~ jk~bb~z cr~goe sib zbxbosgbz& bgeisgbz& kocbxbo ogobsgbz/ Gocbbc& amzs mh sib umabo& bxbo uibo sibw bypb~g!

bojbc zby cgzj~gagoksgmobxbo uibo sibw ub~b oms p~mamsbc kz{rgjdfw kz sibg~ akfb jmrosb~pk~szsbocbc sm xgbu sib okojgkfum~fc kz k zgsb mh ab~gsmj~kjw koc ibojb ebocb~ obrs~kfgsw/ Bk~fw mo&sib umabo nbfgbxbc siks sibw jmrfc akdb gs mo Ukff Zs~bbs nkzbc mosibg~ muo ab~gs/ Gorbojbc nw sbobsz mh fgnb~kf hbagogza& sibw kfzmnbfgbxbc siks sibw umrfc nbjmab ebocb~ b{rkfz nw um~dgoe h~maugsigo koc oms kekgozs sib um~fc mh okojb/ Kz mob mh sib amzspb~jbpsgxb abanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh Ukff Zs~bbs umabo prs

gs& Uibo G ukfdbc gosm sib cmm~ mh aw ~a& G fbhs aw hbagogzs jmo!jb~oz koc gcbkz& aw um~d go sib huk kocujh& nbigoc ab/ Uibosibw nbjkab akokegoe cg~bjsm~z& sib~bnw nbjmagoe abanb~z mh sibzbogm~!amzs bjibfmoz go okojb& sib umabo ub~b mhsbo ~bfrjskos smikxb sibg~ ~az gojm~pm~ksb ebocb~ koc cgxb~zgsw bhhm~sz4 sibw nb!fgbxbc siks zrji bhhm~sz& go ibfpgoe umabo kcxkojb& umrfc zgoefb sibamrs kz agom~gsgbz& k jksbem~w siks sibw hmroc rocbzg~knfb/ Go akowjg~jrazskojbz& sibw ub~b ~bfrjskos sm prnfgjfw kfgeo sibazbfxbz ugsisib gcbk siks umabo koc abo ub~b cghhb~bos& hm~ cghhb~bojb ukz sib

e~mrocz mo uigji abo cbogbc siba zrjjbzz koc kcxkojbabos/ Wbssibw jbfbn~ksbc& bxbo c~bu mo& msib~ omsgmoz mh cghhb~bojbz h~ma abogo m~cb~ sm bosb~ koc amxb rp sib jm~pm~ksb igb~k~jiw< sibw nbfgbxbc&


25/42

;8 Gos~mcrjsgmo

hm~ bykapfb& siks umabo ub~b nbssb~ goxbzsm~z )koc ibojb nbssb~~bzbk~jib~z koc n~mdb~z' nbjkrzb sibw ub~b jmozb~xksgxb& ~gzd!kxb~zb&

jk~bhrf kjsm~z/Kfsimrei sibw n~mreis sib ak~dbs koc hbagogza smebsib~ go sibg~

muo fgxbz& amzs abanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh umabo ub~b knfbsm nb zrjjbzzhrf go pk~s nw zbpk~ksgoe sib um~fc mh Ukff Zs~bbs koc sibak~dbs h~ma sib um~fc mh hbagogza& koc sm zmab cbe~bb h~ma sib hukkoc sibujh& hm~ k xb~w fmoe sgab/ Nrs sib okojgkf j~gzgz )koc sibzrnzb{rbos ~goe mh xkzs oranb~z mh umabo h~ma Ukff Zs~bbs' kfmoeugsi sib >009 p~bzgcbosgkf bfbjsgmouigji gojfrcbc Igffk~w Jfgosmozcbhbks hm~ sib Cbamj~ksgj p~bzgcbosgkf sgjdbs& koc Zk~ki Pkfgoz hkgfbc~ro mo sib ^bprnfgjko xgjb p~bzgcbosgkf sgjdbshm~jbc siba sm {rbz!sgmo siks zbpk~ksgmo/ Ugsobzzgoe umabo fmzgoe mrs go nmsi cmakgozpmfgsgjz koc okojbabanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo nbeko sm {rbz!sgmo sib bhjkjw mh sib umaboz amxbabos/ Uibo sibw ~bkjibc sibg~hsgbz koc zgysgbz& obk~ sib boc mh sibg~ p~mhbzzgmokf jk~bb~z mo UkffZs~bbs& sibg~ bk~fgb~ koc moemgoe igzsm~w ugsi hbagogza jkab sm sibhm~b mh sibg~ pzwjibz/

Go sib okf jikpsb~z mh sigz nmmd& G kcc~bzz sib ukwz go uigji sib

~zs ebob~ksgmokfmoe ugsi msib~ p~mhbzzgmokf bfgsb umabo )kocabo'jikoebc sibg~ ~bfksgmozigpz sm nmsi sib ak~dbs koc hbagogza/Ks sib boc mh sib ~zs cbjkcb mh sib >000z& zmab mh sib umabo jimzbsm ~bsg~b koc jmosgorb sm nb kjsgxb go umaboz pmfgsgjz koc sm lmgoxk~gmrz hm~!p~ms koc omo!hm~!p~ms nmk~cz& go akow ~bzpbjsz ag~~m~!goe sib s~kcgsgmokf ~bsg~babos p~kjsgjbz mh bfgsb nrzgobzzabo )Mzs~m!ub~ ;77>'/ Nrs zmab mh sib umabo jimzb k zs~gdgoefw cghhb~bos pksi/Bzjibugoe sib um~fc mh hm~akf pmfgsgjz& sibw nbeko sm boekeb go koc

mhsbo fbkc m~ekog|ksgmoz siks kffmubc siba sm c~ku mo sibg~ zdgffz gookojb koc ak~dbsz koc kppfw siks bypb~sgzb sm ibfpgoe zmfxb p~mn!fbaz mh umaboz b{rgsw h~ma sib nmk~c~mma sm sib hkjsm~w mm~/ Sibwhrzbc sib gcbmfmegbz mh sib ak~dbspfkjb koc hbagogza& sib~bnw zbssgoesib e~mrocz hm~ hbagogzs gosb~xbosgmoz go sib ak~dbspfkjb/

Rocb~ obmfgnb~kfgza cr~goe sib bgeisgbz koc ogobsgbz& ak~dbs!c~gxbojkfjrfksgmoz koc ~ksgmokfgsw kz hm~az mh emxb~okojb ub~b gos~mcrjbcgosm sib akokebabos mh k xk~gbsw mh zrnlbjsz koc zpkjbz go bjmomagjkoc pmfgsgjkf zpib~bz )Moe >0084 Fbugz bs kf/ >009< 3:'/ Zmab aba!

nb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo& hm~ bykapfb& ~bakcb hm~az mh hbagogzagosm cgxb~zgsw akokebabos koc ebocb~!akgozs~bkagoe p~me~kaz kocpmfgjgbz ugsigo efmnkf jm~pm~ksb gozsgsrsgmoz& gojfrcgoe Ukff Zs~bbs/ Gosib obu agffboogra& k am~b gojfrzgxb obmfgnb~kfgza pr~pm~sbcfw zbbdz


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am~b zmjgkffw gosb~xbosgmogzs koc kabfgm~ksgxb p~mlbjsz )Pbjd koc Sgjd!bff >00>4 Ek~zsbo >0094 Fbugz bs kf/ >009'/ Jmosbapm~k~w hbagogzs

pigfkosi~mpgzsz& gojfrcgoe abanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh Ukff Zs~bbsumabo& omu kcxmjksb gos~mcrjgoe ak~dbs abjikogzaz gosm sib zmjgkffgxbz koc jrfsr~kf p~kjsgjbz mh pmm~ umabo& c~kugoe sibzb umabo gosmsib ak~dbs )Bfwkjik~ >002< 2'/ Sibw p~mamsb& hm~ bykapfb& gapfbabos!goe nrzgobzz abkzr~bz koc zmjgkf sbjiomfmegbz gosm zpkjbz s~kcgsgmokffwjmozgcb~bc sm nb zbpk~ksb h~ma sib h~bb ak~dbs/ Sibw um~d ik~c smzimu cmom~z siks ak~dbs abjikogzaz jko bapmub~ koc bo~gji fbzz!cbxbfmpbc jmros~gbz/ Sibw k~b kfzm ~bzpmozgnfb hm~ gos~mcrjgoe hbag!ogza go rocb~zskocknfb koc pkfpknfb ukwz gosm sib ak~dbspfkjb zm siks)p~bcmagokosfw' akfb jm~pm~ksb jbmz koc bybjrsgxbz jko xgbu sibak~dbspfkjb kz k zpkjb go uigji sibw jko zgarfskobmrzfw pr~zrb ebo!cb~ b{rkfgsw koc p~ms/ Go sigz am~b zmjgkf gosb~xbosgmogzs& kabfgm~k!sgxb amabos& ub jko zbb siks umabo k~b nbegoogoe sm n~goe hbagogzsjikoeb cg~bjsfw gosm ak~dbs p~kjsgjbz koc sib ak~dbspfkjb/ Nrs sibmrsjmab mh zrji p~kjsgjbz zsgff ~bakgoz sm nb zbbo/

K Jrfsr~kf Ebobkfmew mh Ukff Zs~bbs Umabokoc Ak~dbs Hbagogza

Sib igzsm~w mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo zimuz siks& uigfb n~goegoe sibak~dbspfkjb koc hbagogza smebsib~ go xk~gmrz gozsgsrsgmoz koc p~ml!bjsz akw zbba mcc koc bxbo pk~kcmygjkf& sib jmosbapm~k~w jmoxb~!ebojb cgc oms jmab mrs mh omuib~b/ Gs gz pmzzgnfb sm zbb sib zfmue~musi mh sib zbbcz mh ak~dbs hbagogza mo Ukff Zs~bbs h~ma sib zgysgbz

sm sib p~bzbos/ Sib pkzs cbjkcb ikz zbbo sib ~gzb mh hbagogzs& p~gak~gfwzmjgkfgzs hbagogzs& k~erabosz sm sib bhhbjs siks hbagogza ikz nbbozbcrjbc nw efmnkf bfgsbz rzgoe umaboz fknm~ koc gcbkz sm bypfmgssib um~fc )zbb& b/e/& Bgzbozsbgo >007'/ Gs gz jfbk~ siks sib cmakgoz mhsib ak~dbspfkjb koc hbagogza& mh okojb koc am~kfgsw& k~b nfr~~goesmebsib~ go sigz pmzsamcb~o& fksb okojgkf jkpgskfgzs& obmfgnb~kf um~fc/Gs gz b{rkffw jfbk~ siks sibzb jikoebz ub~b oms n~mreis knmrs nwknzs~kjs zwzsbaz zrji kz sib ak~dbspfkjb m~ okojb/ ^ksib~ sibw k~bsib p~mcrjs mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmoz kjsgmoz& siks gz& mh sib gosb~pfkw

kamoe sib umaboz fgxbz& sib hm~aksgmoz )okabfw sib ak~dbspfkjbkoc hbagogza kz ubff kz ebocb~ koc jfkzz' siks akcb siba& koc sibhm~aksgmoz siks sibw& si~mrei sibg~ bxb~wckw koc jmffbjsgxb obsum~dbcp~kjsgjbz& pfkwbc k ~mfb go ~bp~mcrjgoe koc zmabsgabz jikoegoe/


27/42

;9 Gos~mcrjsgmo

Uigfb sib hbagogzs amxbabos koc sib cbzg~b hm~ p~ms kjjrarfksgmoub~b oms obu& uiks gz jfbk~fw rog{rb go sib ~bjbos igzsm~w mh Ukff Zs~bbs

gz sib fgodkeb nbsubbo hbagogzs gcbmfmegbz )s~kcgsgmokffw zbbo kz kfsb~!oksgxb m~ mppmzbc sm sib ak~dbs' koc okojgkf jkpgskfgza/ Fbzz sikosum cbjkcbz kem& umaboz kssgsrcbz smuk~c jmozb~xksgxb& ~gzd!kuk~bsigodgoe p~mxgcbc siba ugsi k ukw sm gozb~s sibazbfxbz ugsigo pk~sgj!rfk~ k~bkz mh Ukff Zs~bbsokabfw ~bzbk~ji koc zkfbzkz mppmzbc smsib am~b akzjrfgog|bc k~bkz mh goxbzsabos nkodgoe koc s~kcgoe )\k!fmma >0084 Im >007'/ Pk~kcmygjkffw& jmangogoe ebocb~ ugsi sib ak~!dbs& uigji bk~fw hbagogzsz umrfc ikxb hmroc rosigodknfw jmozb~xksgxb&smmd sibzb umabo sm jkrzbz koc boekebabosz siks ub~b hk~ am~b ~kcg!jkf siko kowsigoe sibw ikc cmob nbhm~b/ Smckw& go jmos~kzskoc omsk!nfw go sib ukdb mh efmnkfg|ksgmo& cb~berfksgmo& p~gxksg|ksgmo& sib zik~b!imfcb~ ~bxmfrsgmo& sib ~gzb mh cgxb~zgsw pmfgjgbz& koc sib ~bjbos j~gzgz gosib okojgkf um~fcumaboz hbagogob {rkfgsgbz zbba sm p~mxgcb sibe~mrocz sm bzsknfgzi siba kz b{rkf sm )gh oms nbssb~ fbkcb~z siko' abo/G~mogjkffw& omsgmoz mh sib cghhb~bojbz nbsubbo umabo koc abo zb~xb kzsib e~mrocgo ak~dbs hbagogzasm bzsknfgzi umaboz b{rkfgsw& ghoms zrpb~gm~gsw& sm abo/ Hr~sib~am~b& sib kjs mh akgozs~bkagoe hbag!

ogza gosm sib ak~dbspfkjb boknfbz )zmab' umabo koc sibg~ m~ekog|k!sgmoz sm zbb sibazbfxbz kz kjsgxgzsz& kebosz mh jikoeb& pmfgsgjkf kjsm~z/Ub ikxb ~bkjibc sib pmgos uib~b zmab Ukff Zs~bbs umabo k~b ks!sbapsgoe sm akdb ~bkf hbagogzs gosb~xbosgmoz gosm sib ak~dbspfkjb& kpibomabomo siks przibz rz sm ~bsigod sib abkogoe mh hbagogzs pmfg!sgjz smckw/ Kfmoe ugsi jmozs~rjsgoe ak~dbs hbagogza& sib umabo k~bkfzm kssbapsgoe sm hbagog|b sib ak~dbs/

Sib abanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmosibg~ jk~bb~z& p~mhbzzgmokf

koc pmfgsgjkf obsum~dz& koc bxbosrkf hrff boekebabos ugsi ak~dbshbagogzak~b sirz k ~gji bsiome~kpigj ~bzmr~jb hm~ rocb~zskocgoesib akgozs~bkagoe mh hbagogza/ Sibw ~bkjsbc sm sib boebocb~goe mhokojb si~mrei sibg~ bxb~wckw p~kjsgjbz mxb~ sib fkzs hmr~ cbjkcbz&koc sibw kjsgxbfw jmos~gnrsbc sm siks ebocb~goe/ Sibw ikxb obemsgksbckoc cbobc sib mhsbo robkzw ~bfksgmozigp nbsubbo hbagogza koc sibum~fc mh okojb/ Sib umabo cgc oms kfukwz akgoskgo zs~gjs nmroc!k~gbz nbsubbo sib ak~dbs koc mrszgcb zpkjb& koc sibw cgc oms kfukwz)m~ bkzgfw' n~kjdbs jm~pm~ksb fghb h~ma sibg~ pb~zmokf bypb~gbojbz&

hbbfgoez& koc fgxbz kz umabo/ Sib zs~rjsr~bz mh abkogoe koc pmub~mo Ukff Zs~bbs zikpbc koc jmozs~kgobc sib umaboz zbozbz mh zbfh&zrjjbzz& koc kjsgmo& kz gs cgc hm~ aboz/ Omobsibfbzz& umabo pfkwbcsib ekab mh rpuk~c amngfgsw go igei okojb ugsi zdgff& domufbceb&


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koc gosbffgebojb )M~sob~ ;778< ;>;:'/ Sibw cgc oms bosg~bfw s~koz!hm~a sib okojgkf jrfsr~b mh um~d& nrs sibg~ p~bzbojb koc sibg~ kjsgmoz

nbeko sm fmmzbo rp sib ebocb~bc ibebamogj m~cb~ mo Ukff Zs~bbs/

Hgbfcum~d mo Ukff Zs~bbs

Aw zsrcw mh umabo go okojb ikz nbbo k fmoe sgab go sib akdgoe/ Gzpbos sib agc! sm fksb ogobsgbz& uigfb G ukz go e~kcrksb zjimmf& jmo!crjsgoe bfcum~d kamoe sib ~zs jmim~s mh Ukff Zs~bbs umabo/ Gzpmdb sm siba ks sibg~ ~az& cgzjrzzbc koc abs msib~z go sibg~ p~mhbz!zgmokf obsum~dz& koc kssbocbc abbsgoez mh pmfgsgjkf m~ekog|ksgmoz goAkoikssko/ Nbsubbo sib zp~goe mh >008 koc zraab~ mh >009& G~bsr~obc sm jmocrjs hmffmu!rp bfcum~d ugsi sib umabo& uim ks sikspmgos go sgab ub~b go sib agczs mh ~bsg~goe/ Egxbo zmab c~kaksgjbxbosz siks hmffmubc >009sib okojgkf j~gzgz& Igffk~w Jfgosmoz jka!pkgeo hm~ p~bzgcbos& koc sib moemgoe bjmomagj ~bjbzzgmoG cbjgcbcsm ~bsr~o sm sib bfc mob fkzs sgab cr~goe sib zraab~ koc hkff mh >0;0/

Go bk~fgb~ wbk~z go kosi~mpmfmew gs ukz jmaamo p~kjsgjb sm nbego

bsiome~kpigbz ugsi k skfb mh mobz bos~w gosm sib bfc )Jfghhm~c kocAk~jrz ;798'/ Imubxb~& egxbo aw muo fmoe!sb~a goxmfxbabos ugsisib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mxb~ si~bb aklm~ zsgosz mh bfcum~d& {rbzsgmozknmrs uiks bosb~goe koc fbkxgoe sib bfc abko k~b am~b jmapfby/Gocbbc& kz kosi~mpmfmegzsz goj~bkzgoefw zsrcw gozsgsrsgmoz mh pmub~koc bfgsbz& sibw boekeb go arfsgzgsbc wm!wm bfcum~d go uigji sibwamxb nbsubbo koc k~mroc xk~gmrz zgsbz kz ubff kz kssboc jmohb~bojbzkoc u~gsb pkpb~z nbsubbo bfc zsgosz )Ak~jrz ;7724 Erzsb~zmo ;775007< ;3>'/ Go aw Ukff Zs~bbs p~mlbjs G ikxb zighsbc nkjd kochm~si nbsubbo am~b zrzskgobc bfcum~d go sib umaboz ~az kocobsum~dz koc am~b gosb~agssbos xgzgsz koc kssbockojbz ks sibg~ obs!um~dbc bxbosz/

Pk~s ;< Sib Ogobsgbz

Sib jikffboebz kzzmjgksbc ugsi zmjgkf zjgbosgzsz ekgogoe kjjbzz sm pmu!b~hrf gozsgsrsgmoz koc pbmpfb ikz nbbo cgzjrzzbc nw zmjgmfmegzsz hm~

zmab sgab )Lkjdkff ;799' koc am~b ~bjbosfw nw kosi~mpmfmegzsz )M~s!ob~ >00:4 Cmuobw koc Hgzib~ >0084 Moe koc Jmffgb~ >0084 Ek~zsbo>0074 Ubcbf >0074 Ikoob~| >0;0'/ Aw muo bos~w gosm sib um~fc mh sib~zs ebob~ksgmo mh Ukff Zs~bbs umabosibg~ obsum~dz& sibg~ ~az&


29/42

>0 Gos~mcrjsgmo

koc& go zmab jkzbz& sibg~ imabzubos zr~p~gzgoefw zammsifw/ Kz kPi/C/ zsrcbos ks Jmfrangk Rogxb~zgsw& k pmub~hrf Obu Wm~d Jgsw

gozsgsrsgmo gszbfh& G ukz pmzgsgmobc ubff sm akdb k jkzb sm Ukff Zs~bbsumabo hm~ um~dgoe ugsi ab/ Siks gz& aw muo zmjgkf koc jrfsr~kfjkpgskf )bcrjksgmo& hkagfw nkjde~mroc& koc jfkzz' mpbobc cmm~z/

Aw kjsrkf bos~w jmrfc oms& imubxb~& ikxb s~kozpg~bc ugsimrs sibbom~amrz gosb~bzs& ibfp& koc gozgeis mh k sibo agccfb!kebc umako~bsr~ogoe sm zjimmf hm~ k akzsb~z go fgnb~kf k~sz ks Jmfrangk Rogxb~zgswugsi k hmjrz mo kosi~mpmfmew/ G abs Akcbfgob Ugosb~z go mob mh awjmr~zbz mo Kab~gjko jrfsr~b/ Zib jkab h~ma sib igeib~ sgb~z mh ObuWm~d koc Kab~gjko zmjgbswuiks zmab ageis jkff mfc amobw/ Zibukz )koc jmosgorbz sm nb' k aklm~ kjsgxgzs koc hroc!~kgzb~ hm~ uma!boz gzzrbz go sib jgsw koc sib oksgmo/ G sigod gs ukz mr~ arsrkf pkzzgmohm~ umaboz ~geisz siks gogsgkffw n~mreis rz smebsib~/ Gs ukz kfzm Akcb!fgob uim omsgjbc uiks ukz ikppbogoe go sib fgxbz mh umabo mo UkffZs~bbs koc go pmfgsgjz go sib bk~fw ogobsgbz/ Umabo ub~b n~bkdgoeefkzz jbgfgoezkoc goj~bkzgoe oranb~z mh siba ub~b akdgoe sibg~muo amobw& koc fk~eb zraz mh gs/ Uibo Akcbfgob zsk~sbc hroc!~kgzgoehm~ umabo go pmfgsgjz& zib hmroc )arji sm ib~ gogsgkf zr~p~gzb' siks

gs ukz Ukff Zs~bbs umabo uim ub~b pkzzgmoksb knmrs zrppm~sgoeumabo ~roogoe hm~ mhjbpk~sgjrfk~fw p~m!jimgjb umabo/ Rppb~!jfkzz umabo ub~b hk~ fbzz gosb~bzsbc4 sibw cgc oms jmozgcb~ ~kgzgoehrocz hm~ hbakfb pmfgsgjgkoz sm nb pk~s mh sibg~ pigfkosi~mpgj mnfgek!sgmoz/ Akcbfgob koc G skfdbc k fms knmrs sib gapm~skojb mh cmjrabos!goe sib amabos ks ikoc bsiome~kpigjkffw& koc zib bojmr~kebc ab smskdb sigz mo kz aw muo p~mlbjs/

Zm Akcbfgob n~mreis ab sm bxbosz zpmozm~bc nw sib Umaboz Fbkc!

b~zigp Jg~jfb mh sibujh

go Obu Wm~d Jgsw/ Akcbfgob ukz k nmk~cabanb~/ K zgeogjkos oranb~ mh ~zs!ebob~ksgmo umabo ub~b& gssr~oz mrs& kjsgxb go sib m~ekog|ksgmo go sib ogobsgbz/ Cr~goe sib ~zsabbsgoe G kssbocbc G ibk~c sib umabo skfdgoe knmrs zuks sbkazsbkaz mh umabo uim ub~b ~bj~rgsgoe koc obsum~dgoe ugsi msib~

umabo sm lmgo sibujh koc sm egxb amobw sm sib m~ekog|ksgmo gom~cb~ sm s~kgo& fkroji& koc zrppm~s umabo pmfgsgjgkoz/

Zbxb~kf amosiz gosm aw bfcum~d G cgzjmxb~bc siks zmab mh sib UkffZs~bbs umabo go sibujh ikc domuo mob komsib~ m~gegokffw& go sib

zbxbosgbz& si~mrei sibg~ pk~sgjgpksgmo go sib huk mh Obu Wm~d Jgsw/Sirz& nw sib sgab G k~~gxbc mo sib zjbob& G ukz kf~bkcw go sib agccfbmh sib umaboz igzsm~w mh obsum~dgoe koc jk~bb~ akdgoe/ Sm fbk~oam~b knmrs siks igzsm~w G obbcbc sm skfd gocgxgcrkffw sm sib umabo/


30/42

Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo >;

Akcbfgob& ib~ goxbzsabos!nkodgoe h~gboc Agocw Pfkob& koc G zks cmuohm~ k 5< Sib Agc!>000z

Go sib zp~goe mh >008& G kssbocbc sib hsgbsi koogxb~zk~w jbfbn~ksgmo mhsib huk/ Mofw k hbu mh sib umabo G ikc zpbos sgab ugsi k cbjkcb

bk~fgb~ ub~b sib~b/ G umocb~bc uib~b sib ~bzs mh siba ub~b< Ub~b sibwzsgff um~dgoe mo Ukff Zs~bbs= Ikc zmab nbero sm ~bsg~b= Uiks dgocz mhm~ekog|ksgmokf obsum~dz koc p~mlbjsz ub~b sibw omu goxmfxbc go= Koc&egxbo aw gosb~bzs go ~bsr~ogoe sm sib bfc& umrfc G nb knfb sm oc sib


31/42

>> Gos~mcrjsgmo

umabo koc imu= Aw bfcum~d go sib ogobsgbz& ikc& kz G cgzjrzzbcknmxb& nbbo ~bfksgxbfw fmjkf koc nmrocbc go pk~s nbjkrzb amzs mh sib

umabo G hmffmubc ub~b fgxgoe go kz ubff kz um~dgoe go Obu Wm~d Jgswkoc sib s~gzsksb k~bk/

Nw omu& sib umabo ikc kjigbxbc zgeogjkos rpuk~c amngfgsw moUkff Zs~bbs koc ugsigo Kab~gjko zmjgbsw/ Sibw ub~b kff nmok cbabanb~z mh sib jm~pm~ksb okojgkf bfgsb ugsigo sib Rogsbc Zsksbz/ Gozmab jkzbz& sibw ub~b kfzm pk~s mh k e~mugoe hbakfb oksgmokf bfgsbjmapmzbc p~gak~gfw mh umabo go okojb koc pmfgsgjz/ Zmab ikc kfzmpk~sgjgpksbc go hbagogzs!m~gbosbc& bfgsb& kjsgxgzs!m~gbosbc& s~kozoksgmokfobsum~dz& mhsbo boekebc go akdgoe ak~dbs p~kjsgjbz hbagogzs/ Koc khbu ub~b bxbo abanb~z mh uiks Ckxgc ^msidmph )>009' jkffz sib zr!pb~jfkzzsib obu akfb!cmagoksbc& efmnkf pmub~ bfgsb/ Sib umaboub~b sirz kff bfgsbz& nrs sibw mjjrpgbc cghhb~bos pmzgsgmoz ugsigo sibzs~rjsr~b mh bfgsbz/ Sibg~ pk~sgjrfk~ pmzgsgmoz cbpbocbc rpmo sibg~jk~bb~ koc obsum~dgoe igzsm~gbz kz ubff kz sibg~ jmosbapm~k~w boekeb!abos go xk~gmrz swpbz mh obsum~dz koc p~mlbjsz/ Sibw ub~b mpb~ksgoego k obufw efmnkfg|bc okojgkf koc pmfgsgjkf um~fc go uiks Zib~~wM~sob~ );775' ~bhb~z sm kz sib pmzsjmaarogsw/

Gs sr~obc mrs siks G ukz knfb sm oc amzs mh sib ~zs jmim~s mh UkffZs~bbs umabo h~ma aw m~gegokf bfcum~d/ G kjjmapfgzibc sigz nwjmoskjsgoe k hbu mh sib umabo xgk bakgf& uim& go sr~o& ekxb ab sibokabz koc bakgfz hm~ msib~ umabo/ Egxbo siks sib umabo ub~b omuzp~bkc si~mreimrs sib efmnb go pfkjbz kz cgzskos kz Jigok& G cbjgcbc smzbbd mrs subosw umabo sm gosb~xgbu koc zpboc sgab ugsi go& kz gssr~obc mrs& sib om~sibkzs jm~~gcm~/ Abbsgoe rp go Obu Wm~d Jgsw kocUkzigoesmo& C/J/& cgc oms objbzzk~gfw abko siks sib umabo omu fgxbc

koc um~dbc go bgsib~ jgsw hrff!sgab/ Zmab cgc fgxb go sibzb jgsgbz kocjmosgorbc sm um~d ugsigo sib um~fc mh okojb< zmab ub~b go sibprnfgj zbjsm~4 msib~z go sib k~bk mh jm~pm~ksb zmjgkffw ~bzpmozgnfbgoxbzsgoe4 koc zsgff msib~z ub~b kjsgxb mo oms!hm~!p~ms nmk~cz mh m~ek!og|ksgmoz boekebc go agj~mokojb/ Imubxb~& akow& G cgzjmxb~bc& ub~bamxgoe knmrs k e~bks cbkf/ Zmab zpbos pk~s mh sibg~ sgab go ~bsg~b!abos )hm~ bykapfb& fgxgoe go Hfm~gck cr~goe sib ugosb~ amosiz' kocsib ~bzs mh sib wbk~ go Akoikssko koc skdgoe orab~mrz s~gpz go nb!subbo hm~ nmk~c m~ jik~gsknfb um~d go pfkjbz zrji kz go sib Bkzs koc go

Zmrsi Kh~gjk/Hm~sroksbfw& zgojb sib umabo kff zpbos pk~s mh sibg~ sgab go Obu

Wm~d Jgswmhsbo hm~ nmk~c abbsgoezG ukz knfb sm abbs rp ugsi kffnrs mob mh sib umabo G ukz gosb~bzsbc go hmffmugoe rp ugsi/ Sigz sgab


32/42

Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo >:

aw bfcum~d om fmoeb~ smmd pfkjb& hm~ sib amzs pk~s& go ~az mo UkffZs~bbsm~ go sib umaboz kpk~sabosz/ Gozsbkc& cr~goe sib zp~goe koc

zraab~ mh >009& G mhsbo abs rp ugsi sib umabo go sib xk~gmrz jfrnzk~mroc Akoikssko< sib Umaboz Oksgmokf ^bprnfgjko Jfrn& sib Rog!xb~zgsw Jfrn& koc sib obufw agosbc Jm~b Jfrn go agcsmuo/ G kfzmmjjkzgmokffw ems smebsib~ ugsi zmab mh sib umabo go sib mhjb ~mmazmh hmrocksgmoz go uigji sibw zb~xbc mo nmk~cz/ G hmffmubc siba smpmfgsgjkf bxbosz koc hroc!~kgzb~z/ Nw sib boc mh sib zraab~ mh >009 Gikc& G simreis& jmapfbsbc aw okf ~mroc mh ~bzbk~ji mo Ukff Zs~bbsumabo/ G ukz& gs umrfc sr~o mrs& agzskdbo/

Pk~s :< Sib J~gzgz mh >005>007 koc Nbwmoc

Go Zbpsbanb~ >009& sib j~gzgz ikc bhhbjsgxbfw ikfsbc efmnkf j~bcgs ak~!dbsz koc ikc ~b{rg~bc rop~bjbcbosbc emxb~oabos gosb~xbosgmo/ G ukzjr~gmrz knmrs sib bhhbjsz mh sibzb bxbosz mo sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo/ Nwsiks pmgos go sgab& G ukz kf~bkcw pfkoogoe sm kssboc k jmohb~bojb ksJmfrangk Rogxb~zgswz Gozsgsrsb hm~ ^bzbk~ji mo Umabo koc Ebocb~/G cbjgcbc sm skdb kcxkoskeb mh aw rpjmagoe s~gp sm Akoikssko sm zbb

zmab mh sib Ukff Zs~bbs umabo/ Mo sib am~ogoe mh Zbpsbanb~ ;3& Ggoxgsbc Agocwxgk bakgfsm lmgo ab ks sib jmohb~bojb/ Siks ogeisFbiako N~msib~z cbjfk~bc nkod~rpsjw khsb~ hkgfgoe sm oc k nrwb~/Agocw bakgfbc ab mo Zbpsbanb~ ;2< Ugsi abfscmuo mo Ukff Zs~bbsG ka xb~w nrzw koc cm oms ikxb sgab sm kssboc sigz/ Kz k cg~bjsm~ mh Tkaklm~ kzzbs ~aQ wmr jko rocb~zskoc/ G ka knmrs sm bakgf siba khsb~ G~bzpmoc sm wmr/ Uigfb G cgzke~bb ugsi Pkfgo )zib gz ~bkffw go cbakocGikxb obxb~ zbbo sigz go pmfgsgjzemmc hm~ ib~' mo zmjgkf gzzrbz& G ka

;00" nbigoc ib~/ Agocw bypfkgobc ib~ ~bkzmoz hm~ zrppm~sgoe Pkfgo&ib~ hbbfgoez siks Pkfgo ukz nbgoe agzs~bksbc am~b siko Igffk~w& koc zibsibo bocbc ugsi ko kn~rps omsb< Mhh sm aw Ukff Zs~bbs zsrhhbolmwsib jmohb~bojb/ Mh jmr~zb& ib~ sbozgmo ukz pkfpknfb4 G ukz zr~p~gzbcsiks zib ikc bxbo skdbo sib sgab sm u~gsb sm ab/ Nrs G hmroc gs gosb~bzs!goe siks zib kzzrabc siks aw jmohb~bojb umrfc hmjrz mo sib jr~~bosbfbjsgmo mo sib hm~akf oksgmokf cmakgo mh umabo koc pmfgsgjzsibgapfgjksgmo pb~ikpz nbgoe siks sib AjJkgo-Pkfgo sgjdbs umrfc cbkfugsi sib okojgkf j~gzgz nbssb~ siko Mnkak umrfc/ Pkfgo ks siks pmgos

go sgab ikc p~mjfkgabc siks zib ukz k hbagogzs hm~ fghb/ Zib koc msib~^bprnfgjko umabo ub~b jfkgagoe sm zpbkd hm~ umabo& jrfsgxksgoeumaboz xmsbz koc sib zrppm~s mh zmab umaboz m~ hbagogzs m~ek!og|ksgmoz/ Egxbo ib~ jmozb~xksgza& Pkfgo przibc sib nmrock~gbz mh


33/42

>3 Gos~mcrjsgmo

hbagogzaimubxb~ jmosbzsbc sibw kf~bkcw ub~bgo sib subosw!~zsjbosr~w/

Egxbo sib zrccbo mozbs mh sib okojgkf j~gzgz& fbzz siko mob amosikhsb~ sib hm~akf boc mh aw hmffmu!rp bfcum~d& G umocb~bc uiks sibumaboz ~bkjsgmoz ageis sbff rz knmrs sibg~ zighsgoe ~bfksgmozigp smokojgkf jkpgskfgza mxb~ sgab/ Umrfc sib umabo ~bkjs nw jmosgorgoesm boekeb go sibg~ xk~gmrz hbagogzs!m~gbosbc pmfgsgjkf koc pigfkosi~mpgjp~mlbjsz= Umrfc simzb p~mlbjsz jikoeb zikpb= M~ umrfc sib umabojimmzb msib~ pksiz= Uiks knmrs sib wmroeb~ ebob~ksgmo mh umabo moUkff Zs~bbs& koc sibg~ jk~bb~z koc pmfgsgjz= G jmrfc kf~bkcw zbb h~maAgocwz n~gbh bakgf siks sib okojgkf j~gzgz ukz cg~bjsfw khhbjsgoe ib~nmk~c um~d/ G jmrfc kfzm zbb siks Zk~ki Pkfgoz ~bjbos bos~w gosm sibprnfgj zpib~b ukz zikpgoe Agocwz xgbuz knmrs umabo koc pmfgsgjz4cgc zib koc ib~ am~b cbamj~ksgj p~m!Igffk~w& p~m!Mnkak h~gbocz bxbozik~b k jmaamo hbagogzs kebock= Sibzb sibo ub~b sib bapg~gjkfkoc sibm~bsgjkffw m~gbosbc {rbzsgmoz siks amsgxksbc aw sig~c koc okf~bsr~o sm sib bfc& uigji rfsgaksbfw smmd pfkjb cr~goe sib zraab~ kochkff mh >0;0/ G hmffmubc rp ugsi sib zakffb~ e~mrp mh umabo G ikc& nwsiks pmgos go sgab& domuo hm~ mxb~ k cbjkcb koc k ikfh/

Amzs abanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo ub~b kf~bkcw kjsgxbfw boekebcgo pmzs~bsg~babos p~kjsgjbz nw sib sgab sib okojgkf j~gzgz gogsgkffw igs/Imubxb~& Jmozskojb Nr~d& uima G ikc abs gogsgkffw go sib ogobsgbzuigfb G ukz go sib agczs mh aw ~zs zsgos mh Ukff Zs~bbs bfcum~d& ukzoms cmgoe zm/ Go >009& G ikc kssbapsbc sm abbs ugsi Jmozskojb koranb~ mh sgabz nrs Jmozskojb ikc lrzs skdbo mo k obu zbogm~!fbxbfpmzgsgmo go k aklm~ efmnkf goxbzsabos nkod koc ukz ibfpgoe sm e~musib nkodz nrzgobzz gosb~oksgmokffw/ Gs ukz obk~fw gapmzzgnfb hm~ rz sm

abbs go pb~zmo sibo& egxbo Jmozskojbz um~d koc s~kxbf zjibcrfb& zmub bakgfbc nkjd koc hm~si mjjkzgmokffw/ Ks sib sgab& G simreis siksJmozskojb ukz mob mh sib fkzs zskocmrsz mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmomobmh sib xb~w hbu uim ukz zsgff um~dgoe hrff!sgab go sib um~fc mh okojb&koc ikc& go hkjs& zr~xgxbc sib cmuozg|goe mo Ukff Zs~bbs& pk~sgjrfk~fwkamoe umabo& go sib khsb~aksi mh sib >0057 okojgkf j~gzgz/

Go sib zraab~ mh >0;0& imubxb~& G nbeko sm ~bjbgxb bakgfz h~ma Jmo!zskojb byp~bzzgoe ko gosb~bzs go abbsgoe ugsi ab/ Cr~goe mob mh ib~xgzgsz nkjd sm sib jgsw& zib koc G abs hm~ k fboesiw skfd go ib~ pgbc!!sb~~b

go N~mmdfwo Ibgeisz mxb~fmmdgoe sib Akoikssko zdwfgob/ Jmozskojbukz cgzs~bzzbc nbjkrzb zib& fgdb akow msib~ igei!~kodgoe umabo& ikcnbbo ~bjbosfw fbs em h~ma ib~ ~a/ Zib ukz cbp~bzzbc nbjkrzb sib ~zsebob~ksgmo& ib~ ebob~ksgmo& ukz fbkxgoe okojb ugsimrs fbkxgoe k


34/42

Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo >2

fbekjw/ Go zpgsb mh sibg~ zrjjbzz cr~goe sib pkzs si~bb cbjkcbz& sibw ikcoms& go sib boc& n~mreis ~bkf jikoeb sm sib ebocb~bc cgabozgmoz mh Ukff

Zs~bbs/ Jmozskojb umocb~bc uib~b zib koc abanb~z mh ib~ ebob~ksgmoub~b emgoe h~ma ib~b/ Sibo zib fgs rp& sbffgoe ab& Akwnb ub obbc smebs bxb~wnmcw smebsib~ koc zm~s mh er~b mrs obys zsbpz/ Sirz& mo kjmmf& j~gzp& n~geis H~gckw am~ogoe go agc!Omxbanb~& knmrs k cm|boabanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh umabo mo Ukff Zs~bbs& AkcbfgobUgosb~z& koc G jkab smebsib~ go Obu Wm~d Jgsw sm cgzjrzz sib pkzs&p~bzbos& koc hrsr~b mh umabo mo Ukff Zs~bbs/ Sigz nmmd gz sibg~ zsm~w/

Go sib obys jikpsb~& G cgzjrzz n~gbw k igzsm~w mh Ukff Zs~bbs koc sibobypfm~b sib bos~w mh sib umabo gosm Ukff Zs~bbs cr~goe sib zgysgbz koczbxbosgbz/ Go sib hmffmugoe jikpsb~z& G cgzjrzz sib ukwz sibw nbjkabak~dbs!hbagogzs zrnlbjsz go sib zbxbosgbz koc bgeisgbz kz ubff kz imusibg~ bypb~gbojbz go okojb khhbjsbc siba cr~goe sib ogobsgbz/ Jikp!sb~ > bykagobz sibg~ kcxkojbabos ugsigo sib akfb!cmagoksbc jm~pm!~ksb igb~k~jiw& kz ubff kz sib ukwz sibw rzbc hbakfb zpkjbz zrji kz sibhuk sm abcgksb sibg~ ~bfksgmozigp sm okojb koc hbagogza& zbssgoe sibe~mrocz hm~ sibg~ akdgoe mh ak~dbs hbagogza nbwmoc sibg~ pb~zmokf

fgxbz/ Jikpsb~ : ro~kxbfz sib ukwz Ukff Zs~bbs umabo c~bu mo ebo!cb~bc cgzjmr~zbz mh okojb sm gozb~s sibazbfxbz ugsigo sib am~b hbag!og|bc k~bkz mh ~bzbk~ji koc am~b akzjrfgog|bc cmakgoz mh goxbzsabosnkodgoe/ Gs igeifgeisz sib pk~kcmybz nbsubbo hbagogza koc ak~dbsgcbmfmegbz cr~goe sib ogobsgbz/ Jikpsb~ 3 hmjrzbz mo sib umabozbxbosrkf pk~sgjgpksgmo go sibujh koc sib ukwz sib umabo gojm~pm!~ksbc bfbabosz mh fgnb~kf hbagogza gosm sibg~ pmfgsgjkf obsum~dz kocp~kjsgjbz/ Jikpsb~ 2 jbosb~z mo sib umaboz pmzsUkff Zs~bbs jk~bb~z

cr~goe sib >000z koc sibg~ jmosbapm~k~w ak~dbs!hbagogzs p~mlbjsz&gojfrcgoe sibg~ pk~sgjgpksgmo mo sib nmk~cz mh m~ekog|ksgmoz siks rzbak~dbs abjikogzaz sm ibfp pmm~ umabo bosb~ gosm sib efmnkf ak~dbs!pfkjb/ G jmojfrcb nw bykagogoe sib ~zs ebob~ksgmoz bypb~gbojbz go sibkhsb~aksi mh sib >0057 j~gzgz koc sib ukwz go uigji go sib jmosbapm!~k~w amabos sib rpjmagoe ebob~ksgmo mh umabo gz akdgoe sibg~ muoxb~zgmoz mh ak~dbs hbagogza nw kccgoe go obu fkwb~z& ocgoe ukwz smpkjdkeb sbobsz mh hbagogza koc obmfgnb~kfgza mh sib h~bb ak~dbs hm~zr~p~gzgoe obu zrnlbjsz& koc j~bksgoe sib e~mrocz hm~ akdgoe ak~dbsz

hbagogzs/


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OMSBZ

Gos~mcrjsgmo

;/ Ukff Zs~bbs umabo koc simzb ugsigo sibg~ obsum~dz akw cgzke~bb ugsizmab mh aw gosb~p~bsksgmoz mh sibg~ bypb~gbojbz& nrs G ikxb s~gbc sm jkpsr~bsibg~ jmapfbygsgbz& kangergsgbz& koc koygbsgbz/ G ikxb cgzergzbc sib okabz mhkff sib umabo siks G bsiome~kpigjkffw hmffmu go sigz nmmd/ Sirz& kff awgohm~akosz ikxb nbbo egxbo pzbrcmowaz& zmabsgabz bxbo arfsgpfb pzbrcm!

owaz/ Hr~sib~am~b& sib umaboz zsm~gbz k~b smfc koc kokfw|bc kekgozs sibnkjdc~mp mh am~b siko mob iroc~bc gosb~xgbuz G jmocrjsbc ugsi umabokoc abo mo Ukff Zs~bbs );77:78'& k~jigxkf ~bzbk~ji koc bfcum~d ugsigosib Hgokojgkf Umaboz Kzzmjgksgmo )huk& ;77:78'& bfcum~d ugsigo sib

Umaboz Jkapkgeo Hroc )ujh& ;77:78'& koc bfcum~d ugsigo k zgoefbokojgkf ~a );77278'/ G kfzm boekebc go k zb~gbz mh hmffmu!rp gosb~xgbuz

ugsi subosw abanb~z mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo cr~goe koc si~mreimrs sib>000z kz ubff kz hmffmu!rp bfcum~d ugsigo sib huk kocujh cr~goe sikszkab pb~gmc/ Sib mofw sgab G rzb kjsrkf okabz mh zpbjgj umabo gz uibo G

cg~bjsfw jgsb m~ {rmsb sib umaboz okabz h~ma k obuzpkpb~ zsm~w& akek|gobk~sgjfb& m~ ngme~kpiw/ Hr~sib~am~b& nbjkrzb G ka gosb~bzsbc go bykagogoe sibp~mhbzzgmokf koc pmfgsgjkf obsum~dz mh Ukff Zs~bbs umabo& gs akdbz zbozb smrzb sib ~bkf okabz mh sib huk kocujh/ Gs gz kfzm gozs~rjsgxb sm omsb siksp~mxgcgoe pzbrcmowaz hm~ sibzb m~ekog|ksgmoz gz p~kjsgjkffw k hrsgfb byb~jgzbegxbo siks sib~b k~b ~bfksgxbfw hbu zrji m~ekog|ksgmoz go bygzsbojb& koc sibzbpk~sgjrfk~ m~ekog|ksgmoz k~b ubff domuo ugsigo sib umaboz okojgkf kocpmfgsgjkf jmaarogsgbz/ G cm& imubxb~& rzb pzbrcmowaz mh huk abanb~z

uibo jgsgoe m~ {rmsgoe h~ma huk k~jigxbz/

>/ Zpk~& Mob Ebocb~z J~kzi& Ukzigoesmo Pmzs& Lkork~w 3& >007/:/ D~gzsmh& Agzs~bzzbz mh sib Rogxb~zb&Obu Wm~d Sgabz& Hbn~rk~w 9& >007/3/ Uigfb abo go Mnkakz bjmomagj jg~jfbz )Fk~~w Zraab~z koc Sgam!

siw Ebgsiob~' ek~ob~bc k e~bks cbkf mh kssbosgmo go sib prnfgj gakegoksgmo& khbu umabo kfzm jkreis sib oksgmoz bwb/ K zgeogjkos kamros mh hkgsi& hm~


36/42

;58 Omsbz sm Gos~mcrjsgmo

bykapfb& ukz prs go sib ikocz mh Ak~w F/ Zjikpg~m& sib ~zs umako sm jikg~sib Zbjr~gsgbz koc Byjikoeb Jmaagzzgmo )zbj' )^mnb~s Jibu& Ak~w

Zjikpg~m Amxbz [rgjdfw sm Zikdb Rp sib zbj& Sgab& Hbn~rk~w ;;& >007'/ Gosib zraab~ mh >009& Zibgfk Nkg~& sib ibkc mh sib Hbcb~kf Cbpmzgs Gozr~kojbJm~pm~ksgmo& ~bjbgxbc k P~mfb go Jmr~keb Kuk~c ks sib Dboobcw Fgn~k~wgo Nmzsmo& go imom~ mh ib~ pmfgsgjkf n~kxb~w< Nkg~z bk~fw simrei rfsgaksbfwhrsgfb kssbaps sm ebs sib Nrzi kcagogzs~ksgmo sm ~bjmeog|b sib zrnp~gabam~sekeb j~gzgz nbhm~b gs nbjkab k si~bks sm sib bosg~b bjmomaw )^wkoFg||k& Sib Jmos~k~gko< Zibgfk Nkg~ koc sib Uigsb Imrzb Hgokojgkf Cb!

nksb& Sib Obu Wm~db~& Lrfw 8& >007'/2/ G ka gocbnsbc sm sib kosi~mpmfmegzs Ngff Akr~b~ hm~ przigoe ab sm

sigod oms mofw knmrs ak~dbs hbagogza nrs gsz mppmzgsb pmfb< sib hbagog|k!sgmo mh ak~dbsz/8/ Hm~ ko go!cbpsi cgzjrzzgmo mh hbagogzs p~kjsgjb sibm~w& zbb M~sob~ ;778

koc Fkapib~b bs kf/ ;775/ Hm~ kccgsgmokf cgzjrzzgmoz mh p~kjsgjb sibm~w&gojfrcgoe sibm~g|goe kebojw& zbb M~sob~ >008/ Hm~ aw bk~fw cgzjrzzgmo~bek~cgoe imu sm rzb hbagogzs p~kjsgjb sibm~w sm rocb~zskoc sib ebocb~goemh okojb& zbb Hgzib~ >003/

5/ Kosi~mpmfmegjkf gosb~bzs go okojb ikz nbbo e~mugoe zgojb sib bgeisgbzkoc sib nrff ak~dbs koc zpbjrfksgxb hbxb~ goj~bkzgoefw mjjrpgbc sib agoczmh sib prnfgj )H~kzb~ >0024 Hgzib~ koc Cmuobw >0084 Akr~b~ hm~sijmagoe0094 Akr~b~ hm~sijmagoe'/ Zgojb sib agc!>000z ko!si~mpmfmegzsz koc zmjgmfmegzsz ikxb sirz p~mcrjbc pgmobb~goe bsiome~k!pigbz mh okojgkf ak~dbsz& goxmfxgoe bfcum~d oms mofw mo s~kcgoe mm~z

nrs kfzm go jm~pm~ksb mhjbz/ Ig~m Agwk|kdg )>008' ikz hmffmubc sib rpzkoc cmuoz mh s~kcb~z go Lkpko hm~ k cbjkcb/ C~kugoe mo bfcum~d go sibFmocmo koc Jigjkem okojgkf hrsr~bz ak~dbs& Jkgsfgo \kfmma )>008' by!pfm~bc sib bhhbjsz mh sbjiomfmegjkf jikoeb mo s~kcb~z p~kjsgjbz koc gcbosg!sgbz go sib ogobsgbz/ G ikxb kfzm u~gssbo knmrs Ukff Zs~bbs umaboz obsum~dz)>003& >008& >0;0'/ bjbosfw Dk~bo Imz )>007' bsiome~kpiw mh Ukff Zs~bbsgoxbzsabos nkodz cbamozs~ksbc jikoegoe jmojbpsgmoz mh okojb koczik~bimfcb~ xkfrb go Kab~gjko jrfsr~b koc zmjgbsw/ Cmrefkz Imfabz )>007'ikz boekebc go bfcum~d mh jbos~kf nkodz/ Koobfgzb ^gfbz )>00;& >008& >0;;'ikz bykagobc sib fbekf k~jigsbjsz mh Lkpkoz okojgkf ak~dbsz/ Ebm~eb

Ak~jrz koc Cmrefkz Imfabz )>008' ikxb cgzjrzzbc kosi~mpmfmegjkf zs~ks!begbz hm~ kosi~mpmfmew uibo boekegoe ugsi bypb~s zrnlbjsz& go sibg~ jkzb&abanb~z mh sib Hbcb~kf ^bzb~xb Nkod mh sib Rogsbc Zsksbz/

9/ Go pk~sgjrfk~ G ka amsgxksbc nw Pgb~~b Nmr~cgbrz omsgmoz mh cgzpmzg!


37/42

Omsbz sm Gos~mcrjsgmo ;55

sgmo koc ikngsrz& uib~b cgzpmzgsgmo ~bhb~z sm k ukw mh nbgoe& gojfgok!sgmo& koc p~bcgzpmzgsgmo& mhsbo mh sib nmcw& uigji kff jmffbjsgxbfw jmo!

zsgsrsb sib ikngsrz& k zwzsba mh cgzpmzgsgmoz& uigji go sr~o m~ekog|bzkjsgmo& p~mcrjbz p~kjsgjbz& koc jmozs~rjsz zmjgkf zs~rjsr~bz koc um~fcz)Nmr~cgbr ;770< 5:95& >;34 jgsbc go Im >007< ;;'/ Nrs G ikxb cbpk~sbc h~maNmr~cgbr nw hmffmugoe sib hbagogzs ~bakdgoe mh p~kjsgjb sibm~w koc gojfrc!goe k sibm~w mh kebojw koc sib kjsgoe zrnlbjs/ Hm~ Nmr~cgbr& sib~b k~b kjsm~z

nrs sib~b k~b om zgeogjkos gosbosgmokfgsgbz< kjsm~z zs~ksbeg|b& nrs sibg~zs~ksbegbz k~b c~kuo h~ma ko gosb~okfg|bc ikngsrz siks gz gszbfh k xg~srkfag~~m~ mh bysb~okf fgagsz koc pmzzgngfgsgbz )M~sob~ ;778< ;;'/ Sirz& c~kugoemo M~sob~ )>00:' ~ksib~ siko c~kugoe mo sigz jfmzbc fmmp mh mnlbjsgxb jmo!

cgsgmoz koc zrnlbjsgxb kzpg~ksgmoz& G k~erb siks Nmr~cgbr kz ubff kz simzbkosi~mpmfmegzsz mh okojb siks sboc sm hmffmu Nmr~cgbr cm oms hrffw ~bjme!og|b m~ zgapfw rocb~bzsgaksb k ~koeb mh jmrosb~!hm~jbz siks si~bksbo smcgz~rps sib jfmzbc fmmpz mh zmjgkf koc jrfsr~kf ~bp~mcrjsgmo mo Ukff Zs~bbskoc nbwmoc/

7/ Ebocb~ zsrcgbz k~b akdgoe ko gapm~skos jmos~gnrsgmo sm kosi~mpmfmeg!jkf& igzsm~gjkf& koc zmjgkf zsrcgbz mh okojb )cb Embcb >002k'/ Nrs& go zpgsbmh k mr~gzigoe nmcw mh jm~pm~ksb bsiome~kpigbz nw kosi~mpmfmegzsz )Jbh!dgo >007'& ebocb~ zsrcgbz ikxb wbs sm akdb k aklm~ gapkjs mo jm~pm~ksbkoc nrzgobzz kosi~mpmfmewpk~sgjrfk~fw go sb~az mh umabo go nrzgobzz gosib Rogsbc Zsksbzugsigo m~ mrszgcb mh okojb )N~mocm koc Nknk >008'/

Koc sib~b gz zsgff arji um~d sm nb cmob uibo gs jmabz sm n~goegoe j~gsgjkfpb~zpbjsgxbz& gojfrcgoe j~gsgjkf hbagogzs sibm~w sm sib zsrcw mh nrzgobzzm~ekog|ksgmoz koc p~kjsgjbz< hm~ k cgzjrzzgmo mh uiks gz koc uiks gz wbs sm nbcmob go sib k~bok mh hbagogzs pb~zpbjsgxbz mo ebocb~ go m~ekog|ksgmokf~bzbk~ji& zbb Jkfz koc Zag~jgji >009/ Hm~ k cgzjrzzgmo ~bek~cgoe sib pmzzg!

ngfgsgbz mh nrgfcgoe j~gsgjkf jm~pm~ksb zsrcgbz& zbb Nmzb koc Fwmoz >0;0/ Gosb~az mh nrzgobzz igzsm~w& sib igzsm~gko Koebf Dumfbd!Hmffkoc );773' ukzgozs~raboskf sm ~zs c~kugoe kssbosgmo sm sib ebocb~bc cgabozgmoz mh sibgozr~kojb gocrzs~w cr~goe sib ogobsbbosi koc subosgbsi jbosr~gbz/ Ak~gbdbcb Embcb )>002k& >007' ikz jmozgcb~bc sib ebocb~bc rocb~pgoogoez mhokojb mxb~ zbxb~kf jbosr~gbz& gojfrcgoe igeifgeisgoe sib ebocb~bc cgabo!zgmoz mh okojgkf j~gzbz/ Cb Embcb& uim gz k pmfgsgjkf bjmomagzs& koc msib~pmfgsgjkf bjmomagj sibm~gzsz ikxb nbbo gozs~raboskf go p~mxgcgoe pmzszs~rj!sr~kf kokfwzgz koc sib gapm~skojb mh cgzjmr~zb koc ~bp~bzbosksgmo hm~ pmfgsg!jkf koc bjmomagj p~kjsgjb )Fk~ob~ >0004 Fbugz bs kf/ >009'/ ^bjbosfw& sumhbagogzs pmfgsgjkf zjgbosgzsz& nrgfcgoe mo cb Embcbz pmzszs~rjsr~kf kp!p~mkji& ikxb c~kuo kssbosgmo sm sib ebocb~bc zs~rjsr~b mh efmnkf okojb

)Kzzkzzg >007' koc sm sib ebocb~bc obmfgnb~kf cgzjmr~zbz siks rocb~pgocbxbfmpabos zs~ksbegbz gapfbabosbc nw sib Um~fc Nkod )E~gho >007'/Sib~b ikxb kfzm nbbo k oranb~ mh zsrcgbz mh sib ebocb~bc jrfsr~b mhokojgkf ak~dbsz& gojfrcgoe Fgock AjCmubffz um~d mo umabo koc abo


38/42


koc ebocb~bc pb~hm~akojbz go sib Jgsw mh Fmocmo cr~goe sib ogobsgbz& kocaw muo um~d mo Ukff Zs~bbs umabo koc sibg~ obsum~dz )>003& >008& >0;0'/

Go ib~ zsrcw mh akfb s~kcb~z& Jkgsfgo \kfmma )>008' c~bu kssbosgmo smakzjrfgogsw koc ~gzd skdgoe4 G ikxb u~gssbo mo sib ebocb~goe mh ~gzd kochbagogogsw koc akzjrfgogsw )>003'/ Dk~bo Im )>007' kfzm cgzjrzzbc sib

ukwz ebocb~& jfkzz& koc ~kjb jmozs~rjs Ukff Zs~bbs zrnlbjsz koc sibg~ bypb~g!bojbz go okojb/

;0/ Uibo obmfgnb~kf hm~az gosb~kjs ugsi& hm~ bykapfb& sib zsksb& sib by!jikoeb n~goez knmrs jikoebz go zsksb p~kjsgjbz& gojfrcgoe ubfhk~b zsksb~bs~bojiabos koc obu hm~az mh emxb~okojb/ Zsksbz& hm~ bykapfb& k~b omuzgsrksbc go k arfsgfbxbf emxb~okojb h~kabum~d4 zsksbz omu hm~a pk~sob~!

zigpz ugsi jm~pm~ksgmoz )Dkosmfk koc Z{rg~bz hm~sijmagoe'/ Cr~goe sibpkzs cbjkcb& sib~b ikz kfzm nbbo k zighs go sb~agomfmew ugsigo sib zmjgkfzjgbojbz h~ma fksb jkpgskfgza sm obmfgnb~kfgza/ H~ma mob pmgos mh xgbu&imubxb~& sib~b gz om ik~c!koc!hkzs cgzsgojsgmo sm nb akcb nbsubbo sib sum/

Kz Zib~~w M~sob~ ~bjbosfw pmgosbc mrs& Go akow ukwz obmfgnb~kfgza gzzgapfw fksb jkpgskfgza akcb jmozjgmrz& jk~~gbc sm bys~babz& koc ikxgoeam~b xgzgnfb bhhbjsz )M~sob~ >0;;'/ Nrs obmfgnb~kfgza& kz Kgiuk Moe k~!erbz& jko kfzm nb jmojbpsrkfg|bc kz k obu ~bfksgmozigp nbsubbo emxb~o!abos koc domufbceb si~mrei uigji emxb~ogoe kjsgxgsgbz k~b ~bjkzs kz omo!pmfgsgjkf koc omo!gcbmfmegjkf siks obbc sbjiogjkf zmfrsgmoz )>008< :'/ Gs gzsib~bhm~b oms mofw ko rocb~fwgoe bjmomagj cmjs~gob/ Sib~b k~b nw omu kzb~gbz mh bsiome~kpigj zsrcgbz mh obmfgnb~kfgza& amzs mh uigji bykagob sibjrfsr~kf um~dz gs skdbz sm p~mcrjb koc akgoskgo sib bjmomagj cmakgo kzzbpk~ksb h~ma sib pmfgsgjkf )Nm~ozsbgo >0024 Akr~b~ hm~sijmagoe< 7'/ Zmabkssboc sm sib ~mfb mh jrfsr~b go obmfgnb~kf zs~ksbegbz )Bfwkjik~ >002'/

;;/ C~kugoe mo sibm~gbz mh ebocb~& okojb& koc pb~hm~aksgxgsw )Nrsfb~;77:4 Jkffmo ;7794 cb Embcb >002k& >007'& G rocb~zskoc sib ebocb~goe mhokojb sm nb k cgzjr~zgxb cmakgo akcb pmzzgnfb si~mrei pb~hm~aksgxbp~kjsgjbz uigji ikxb sm nb k~sgjrfksbc koc ~bk~sgjrfksbc mo k ckgfw nkzgz/Sib~b gz om ak~dbs mrszgcb mh& m~ go kccgsgmo& m~ bxbo jmozs~rjsgoe sib ~bkf

um~fc mh okojb& sib ebocb~bc um~fc mh okojb/ Hgokojgkf kebosz k~b obg!sib~ zmxb~bgeo& gocgxgcrkf zrnlbjsz oms ~bcrjgnfb sm sib abjikogjz mh oko!jgkf pmub~ zs~rjsr~bz/ Gozsbkc& okojgkf kebosz k~b ~berfksbc si~mrei igzsm~!gjkffw jmozsgsrsbc okojgkf cgzjmr~zbz nrs kfzm kj{rg~b sib krsim~gsw smpb~hm~a& kh~a& koc kaboc sibzb cgzjmr~zbz )cb Embcb >002k< ;0'/ Omsk!

nfw& Lrcgsi Nrsfb~z sibm~w mh pb~hm~aksgxgsw ikz nbjmab {rgsb gorbosgkfugsigo sib zsrcw mh okojb koc bjmomagjz h~ma kosi~mpmfmegjkf& zmjgmfmeg!jkf& koc ebme~kpigjkf pb~zpbjsgxbz& kfsimrei gsz p~bjgzb abkogoe koc zgeog!

jkojb gz jr~~bosfw rocb~ cbnksb )b/e/& Akjdbo|gb >0084 cb Embcb >007'/;>/ Sib zgsrksbc koc banmcgbc rocb~zskocgoez mh okojgkf ak~dbsz p~m!

xgcbc nw jmos~gnrsm~z sm sib zmjgkf zsrcgbz mh okojb& gojfrcgoe sib um~d mhkosi~mpmfmegzsz& ikxb sirz emob hk~ sm zimu sib jmozs~rjsgmo koc pb~hm~!


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Omsbz sm Gos~mcrjsgmo ;57

aksgxgsw mh efmnkf okojb )AjCmubff ;7754 Hgzib~ >0034 cb Embcb >002k4Agwk|kdg >0084 \kfmma >0084 Imfabz >0074 ^gfbz >007'/ Nrs kz Pkrf Fkoe!

fbw& k pmfgsgjkf zjgbosgzs mh okojb& ~bjbosfw k~erbc& xb~w fgssfb go sib zmjgkfzsrcgbz mh okojb ikz nbbo cmob sm bypfgjgsfw ~bm~gbos bo{rg~w& nbwmocp~mhbzzgmokf& bypb~s& koc bfgsb obsum~dz mh domufbceb koc sbjiomfmew zgsr!ksbc go zpbjgj jbos~bz )>009< 5& Akr~b~ hm~sijmagoe4 M~sg| hm~sijma!goe'/ Kosi~mpmfmegzsz ikxb cmob arji sm gffragoksb sib ~bfksgmozigpz nb!subbo okojb& jrfsr~b& koc zmjgbsw )Hgzib~ >0084 Agwk|kdg >0084 \kfmma>0084 Im >0074 Imfabz >0074 ^gfbz >0;;'/ Imubxb~& bxbo sibo& bsiome~k!pib~z ikxb oms cmob arji go sb~az mh bykagogoe sib ~bfksgmozigpz nbsubboak~dbs koc pmfgsgjkf bfgsb kjsm~z zgsrksbc ugsigo koc nbwmoc efmnkf okojgkf

jbosb~z& fbs kfmob sib sgbz j~bksbc nbsubbo hbakfb okojgkf bfgsbz koc emx!b~oabos bfgsbz )Hgzib~ >005'/;:/ Go ~bjbos wbk~z& hbagogzs zjimfk~z ikxb bocbkxm~bc sm rocb~zskoc sib

jikoebz siks obmfgnb~kfgza ikz n~mreis sm nmsi sib zsksb go k n~mkcb~ zbozbkoc sm hbagogza go pk~sgjrfk~/ Sib cghhb~bojb nbsubbo sibzb sum jko nb zbbogo sib bykagoksgmo mh zsksb hbagogza koc ak~dbs hbagogza& sib fkssb~ mh

uigji ikz nbbo sib mnlbjs mh arji ~bjbos zpbjrfksgmo/ G ~zs cbxbfmpbc sibjmojbps mh ak~dbs!hbagogzs zrnlbjsz go aw cgzzb~sksgmo Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo00:'/ G ikxb cgzjmxb~bczgojb siks Lkj{rg Kfbykocb~ ikz jmgobc sib sb~a h~bb!ak~dbs hbagogza)Kfbykocb~ koc Amikosw ;775'/ Am~b ~bjbosfw go jmosbapm~k~w cgzjrz!zgmoz mh sib akgozs~bkagoe mh hbagogza G ikxb kfzm nbjmab kuk~b mh Dkosmfkkoc Z{rg~bzz jmgokeb mh ak~dbs hbagogza )hm~sijmagoe' jgsbc go sigz

nmmd ugsi pb~agzzgmo& koc sib zmjgkfgzs hbagogzs Ibzsb~ Bgzbozsbgoz )>007'sb~a Akcbfgob Kfn~geis hbagogza/ Sib p~gojgpkf kga mh amzs zjimfk~fw

um~d mo ak~dbs hbagogza gz& kz Bgzbozsbgo k~erbz& sm ~kgzb zmab s~mrnfgoegzzrbz knmrs imu hbagogzs bob~egbz& gcbmfmegbz& koc kjsgxgzaz ikxb nbboakogprfksbc go sib zb~xgjb mh sib ckoeb~mrz hm~jbz mh k efmnkfg|bc jm~pm~ksbjkpgskfgza )>007< xgg'/ Bapikzg|goe jkpgskfgzaz ibebamow& sibzb zjimfk~zcbzj~gnb k um~fc go uigji sib impbz koc c~bkaz mh ko bk~fgb~ am~b ~kcgjkfhbagogza ikxb nbbo fmzs& uigfb fgnb~kf hbagogza ikz nbbo jmapfbsbfw kn!zm~nbc gosm sib ak~dbspfkjb& koc bfgsbz )uibsib~ umabo m~ abo' nw cbog!sgmo jkooms pk~sgjgpksb go kow hm~a mh zmjgkf s~kozhm~aksgmo/ Sibw uk~osimzb uim ageis sigod siks hbagogza ikz umo& go m~cb~ sm dbbp k dgoc mh~kcgjkf hbagogzs pmzzgngfgsw kfgxb/ G k~erb& imubxb~& siks sibzb zjimfk~z ikxboms hrffw jmozgcb~bc sib pmfgsgjz mh sibg~ muo ~bp~bzbosksgmo mh sib igzsm~w mhhbagogza/ Go sibg~ fgobk~ koc kpmjkfwpsgj ok~~ksgxb& ko kff!bojmapkzzgoezwzsba mh jkpgskfgza n~mreis ko boc sm sib ~kcgjkf hbagog|bc pkzs mh sib

zgysgbz koc zbxbosgbz& sib~bnw hm~bxb~ jfmzgoe mrs sib pmzzgngfgsw mh k ~bkfhrsr~b hbagogzs pmfgsgjz& koc ibojb hbagogzs gosb~xbosgmo gosm sib ak~dbs!pfkjb )Egnzmo!E~kika ;778'/

;3/ Bsiome~kpigjkffw s~kjgoe sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo mh Ukff Zs~bbs umaboz


40/42


jk~bb~z koc obsum~dz p~mxgcbz k ukw sm oms mofw cbjbosb~ jmosbapm~k~wokojb& nrs kfzm k ukw sm cbjbosb~ koc cbjmozs~rjs sib akdgoe mh ak~dbs

hbagogza/ Gocbbc& jmocrjsgoe bfcum~d ugsigo sib huk koc sibo sibujhmxb~ k pb~gmc mh zbxb~kf wbk~z cr~goe sib ogobsgbz )go sib agc!>000z' kf!fmubc ab sm mnzb~xb koc pk~sgjgpksb ugsigo k ~koeb mh arfsgpfb& zmabsgabzmxb~fkppgoe& arfsgfbxbf obsum~dz nbgoe j~bksbc nw hbakfb okojgkf bfgsbzkoc msib~z/ Ukff Zs~bbs umabo kjsgxbfw boekebc go cbogoe okojb& ak~!dbsz& hbagogza& koc pmfgsgjz nkzbc mo zik~bc jrfsr~kf om~az& nmocz mh s~rzs&koc zmjgkf p~kjsgjb/ Sibzb umabo& gocgxgcrkffw koc jmffbjsgxbfw& pb~hm~abckoc j~bksbc sib ebocb~goe mh ak~dbs koc pmfgsgjkf ~bkfaz/ ^bsr~ogoe sm sib

um~fc mh sib ~zs ebob~ksgmo go sib fksb >000z boknfbc ab sm uksji sib

umabo& koc msib~z& boekeb go xk~gmrz ak~dbs!hbagogzs p~mlbjsz mo sibe~mroc/;2/ Sib gzzrb mh ebocb~ go nrzgobzz igzsm~w ikz mofw ~bjbosfw jmab rocb~

zb~gmrz zj~rsgow/ Rocb~ zs~gjs gosb~p~bsksgmoz mh bxmfrsgmok~w koc ako!keb~gkf amcbfz& nrzgobzz igzsm~gkoz mhsbo hmjrzbc zmfbfw mo sib ~a m~jm~pm~ksgmo& ugsimrs fmmdgoe ks sib n~mkcb~ zmjgkf jmosbys )Fgpk~sgsm kocZgjgfgk >003'/ Fgpk~sgsm koc Zgjgfgk u~gsb& Bxmfrsgmok~w koc akokeb~gkfamcbfz kfzm kzzrab siks ~az ~bkjs ~ksib~ ok~~mufw sm sib boxg~moabos&zbbdgoe zmfrsgmoz sm k zbs mh bjmomagj p~mnfbaz fk~ebfw ~mmsbc go p~mcrj!sgmo/ Gs gz b{rkffw pmzzgnfb& simrei& siks akokeb~z k~b am~b n~mkcfw zgsrksbczmjgkf kjsm~z uim ~bzpmoc sm akow gorbojbz );;'/ Sigz obu ukw mh xgbu!goe nrzgobzz igzsm~w kffmuz igzsm~gkoz sm gosbe~ksb gzzrbz zrji kz ~kjb& jfkzz&koc ebocb~ gosm sibg~ kokfwzbz m~ jm~pm~ksgmoz )Fgpk~sgsm koc Zgjgfgk >003'/Sib um~dz mh sib hbagogzs nrzgobzz igzsm~gko Koebf Dumfbd!Hmffkoc );773&;779& >00;' ikxb nbbo aklm~ jmos~gnrsgmoz sm sib fgsb~ksr~b mo nrzgobzz kocebocb~ igzsm~w/ Sib~b gz omu k mr~gzigoe nmcw mh um~d nw nrzgobzz igzsm!~gkoz mo ebocb~ koc nrzgobzz< zbb bzpbjgkffw Wbkeb~ ;777 koc Fkg~c >008/

;8/ Lmr~okfgzsz& zmjgmfmegzsz& koc pzwjimfmegzsz ikxb sr~obc sibg~ hmjrzsmuk~c Ukff Zs~bbs umabo hk~ am~b mhsbo siko kosi~mpmfmegzsz ikxb/ Sib

lmr~okfgzs Pks~gjgk AjN~mmaz Sib Sig~c Zby< Sib Obu P~mhbzzgmokf Umako);77>' ekxb ko mxb~kff pb~zpbjsgxb mo umabo go okojgkf pmzgsgmoz& uigfbsib lmr~okfgzs Koob N/ Hgzib~z Ukff Zs~bbs Umabo< Umabo go Pmub~ mo UkffZs~bbs Smckw );770' mhhb~bc mob mh sib ~zs jmojbos~ksbc bykagoksgmoz mh

umabo go okojb cr~goe sib bk~fw ogobsgbz/ K am~b ~bjbos lmr~okfgzsgjkjjmros mh umabo mo Ukff Zs~bbs gz Zrzko Kosgffkz Skfbz h~ma sib Nmma!

Nmma ^mma< Umabo xz/ Ukff Zs~bbs )>00>'/ Zmjgmfmegzsz ikxb bykagobcumabo go okojb go sb~az mh sibg~ jk~bb~ pksiz/ Bykapfbz gojfrcb FmrgzbAk~gb ^msiz Zbffgoe Umabo Zim~s< Ebocb~ Gob{rkfgsw mo Ukff Zs~bbs)>008'/

Kccgsgmokffw& zmjgmfmegzsz koc pzwjimfmegzsz ikxb skjdfbc sib hkagfgkf kzpbjsmh umabo p~mhbzzgmokfz/ Sigz um~d gojfrcbz Ak~w Nfkg~!Fmwz Jmapbsgoe

Cbxmsgmoz< Jk~bb~ koc Hkagfw kamoe Umabo Bybjrsgxbz )>00:'4 CkogbfFbxgozmoz Zbkzmoz mh k Umakoz Fghb );778'& uigji lryskpmzbz sib zsm~gbz mh


41/42

Omsbz sm Gos~mcrjsgmo ;9;

imabakdb~z koc jk~bb~ umabo4 koc Kkzsk Z/ Frngoz Akokegoe Zrjjbzz0;0'4 koc Ogok Emcgukffkz Zrgsz< K Umako mo Ukff Zs~bbs)>0;;'/

;5/ Ak~gfwo Nbocb~& Umaboz Fgn Nbk~gzi go Ukff Zs/4 Amxbabos GzZrncrbc koc Gapkjs Gz Zfgeis&Obu Wm~d Sgabz& Mjsmnb~ ;;& ;750/

;9/ Mo sib mob ikoc& sib umaboz n~kjdbsgoe mh sib ak~dbspfkjb ugsi sib

mrszgcb gz zgagfk~ sm sib ukwz go uigji akfb s~kcb~z mhsbo zbpk~ksb sibum~fcz mh sib s~kcgoe mm~ koc mh hkagfw fghb uigfb akdgoe s~kcbz )\kfmma>008< jikpsb~ 8'/ Mo sib msib~ ikoc& gs cghhb~z h~ma ks fbkzs zmab abo gosiks sib umabo cm oms kfukwz oc gs zm bkzw sm dbbp sib ak~dbspfkjb kocsibg~ hbagogzs gcbkz& hm~ bykapfb& jmapfbsbfw kpk~s/

;7/ Sib umabo k~b boekebc ugsi k am~b zmjgkffw gosb~xbosgmogzs kockabfgm~ksgxb hm~a mh ak~dbs hbagogza siko ikz p~bxgmrzfw nbbo jmozgcb~bcgo arji mh sib jr~~bos hbagogzs fgsb~ksr~b& fgsb~ksr~b siks ikz zs~moefw j~g!sg{rbc sib akgozs~bkagoe mh hbagogza )Bgzbozsbgo >0074 Aj^mnngb >0074Dkosmfk koc Z{rg~bz hm~sijmagoe'/ Zrji nrzgobzzumabo k~b pkxgoe sib

ukw hm~ sib goj~bkzgoe hbagog|ksgmo mh ak~dbsz )Egnzmo!E~kika ;778'/>0/ G prnfgzibc zmab mh aw ocgoez go k xmfrab G jmbcgsbc siks nbeko sm

n~goe kssbosgmo sm sib ukwz jikoebz go efmnkf okojgkf ak~dbsz& jm~pm~ksbzs~rjsr~bz& koc Ukff Zs~bbs umaboz obsum~dz jmrfc nb h~rgshrffw zsrcgbc nwrzgoe kosi~mpmfmegjkf koc bsiome~kpigj pb~zpbjsgxbz )Cmuobw koc Hgzib~>008'/

>;/ Go ko bzzkw go >009 mo sib bab~ebos kosi~mpmfmew mh bypb~sz koc prn!fgj pmfgjw& sib kosi~mpmfmegzsz Sk~k Zjiubefb~ koc Agjikbf Pmubff k~erbcsiks zrji jikffboebz k~b& go hkjs& pk~s mh sib bsiome~kpigj cksksibw ~bxbkfefgapzbz gosm zs~rjsr~bz mh pmub~ koc sibg~ mpbogoez/ Zbb N~mocm koc Nknk)>008' hm~ k cgzjrzzgmo mh sib cghjrfsgbz mh cmgoe bfcum~dpk~sgjrfk~fw gosb~az mh kjjbzzuibo gs jmabz sm cmgoe bsiome~kpigj um~d knmrs umabogo nrzgobzzbz ugsigo sib Rogsbc Zsksbz/ Kosi~mpmfmegzsz ikxb um~dbc ugsigokoc mo nrzgobzz hm~ zmab sgab/ Sib kosi~mpmfmegzs Ak~gbssk Nknk ikz u~gs!sbo bysbozgxbfw mo sib zrnlbjs hm~ zbxb~kf cbjkcbz )Nknk ;779& >008'/ Hm~gapm~skos cgzjrzzgmoz siks jmozgcb~ sib igzsm~w koc jmosbapm~k~w zsksb mhjm~pm~ksb bsiome~kpiw go fksb jkpgskfgza& zbb Nknk >007 koc Jbhdgo >007/

>>/ Agcukw si~mrei aw bfcum~d& k hbakfb zsmjdn~mdb~ okabc Dganb~fw

Kffbo gohm~abc ab siks zib koc msib~z ikc nbbo jmffbjsgoe koc nrgfcgoe kok~jigxb zgojb sib zbxbosgbz go sib huk siks ukz ffbc ugsi nmk~c!abbsgoeagorsbz& fbssb~z& koc k~sgjfbz koc xgcbmz knmrs Ukff Zs~bbs umabo koc sibm~ekog|ksgmo/ Sibw ikc nbbo cmgoe zm go sib impbz siks zmabmob umrfc


42/42

;9> Omsbz sm Jikpsb~ ;

bxbosrkffw rzb sib k~jigxbz sm u~gsb sib igzsm~w mh Obu Wm~d Jgswz umabogo okojb/ Dganb~fw cbjgcbc siks G ukz sib mob koc gozs~rjsbc ab sm

zpboc sgab go sib huk jfmzbs k~jigxb& uigji G bxbosrkffw cgc/Sib fkzs wbk~ );77278' mh aw ~zs zsgos mh bfcum~d smmd ko gosb~bzsgoesugzs/ Hm~ k xk~gbsw mh ~bkzmoz& G zpbos sib nrfd mh siks sgab jmocrjsgoe uiksmob ageis jkff am~b s~kcgsgmokf um~dpfkjb bfcum~d/ Zpbjgjkffw& si~mreiaw gosb~bzs go umabo koc goj~bkzgoefw go cgxb~zgsw mo Ukff Zs~bbs& G ekgobckjjbzz sm mob zpbjgj okojgkf ~a go pk~sgjrfk~/ G ukz oms mhjgkffw ba!pfmwbc ks sib ~a/ Imubxb~& G ikc sib pb~agzzgmo mh gsz igeib~!rpz sm zpbocsgab jmocrjsgoe gosb~xgbuz koc bfcum~d/ Cr~goe sigz zskeb mh aw p~mlbjs G

nbeko sm hmjrz pk~sgjrfk~fw mo pmfgjw jikoebz siks ub~b s~kozpg~goe go sib

nkod/ Sib ~zs goxmfxbc sib akgozs~bkagoe koc jbos~kfg|ksgmo mh efmnkfcgxb~zgsw bhhm~sz go sib nkodz ibkc{rk~sb~z go Obu Wm~d Jgsw/ Zpbjgjkffw& kssib sgab mh aw zsrcw& akokebabos ikc lrzs jmapfbsbc gogsgksgoe pikzb ;)cbxbfmpgoe sib pmzgsgmo mh p~mhbzzgmokf umabo koc agom~gsgbz ugsigo gszR/Z/ pmprfksgmo'/ Sigz goxmfxbc gapfbabosgoe cgxb~zgsw p~me~kaz& kz ubffkz zighsz go um~d!hkagfw pmfgjgbz/ Omsknfw& k zgeogjkos oranb~ mh ~zs!ebob~ksgmo bybjrsgxb umabo ugsigo sib ~a ub~b ~bj~rgsbc sm pk~sgjgpksb goskzd hm~jbz ibkcgoe sibzb gogsgksgxbz rp/

>:/ Cr~goe sib ogobsgbz& go pk~s& mrs mh okojgkf objbzzgswG jmrfc oms& hm~bykapfb& khhm~c sm skdb pfkobz ugsi aw zrnlbjsz sm Fmocmo uibo sibw ub~bokfg|goe cbkfz& kfsimrei G jmrfc )koc mjjkzgmokffw cgc' h~ma sgab sm sgabzpboc sgab zikcmugoe sib umabo go sibg~ ~azG hmroc siks mnzb~xgoe

umabo hm~ k ckw m~ zm umrfc egxb ab k ebob~kf zbozb mh sibg~ ckgfw fgxbzks um~d/

;/ Nbegoogoez

;/ Sib mofw sgabz G rzb umaboz kjsrkf okabz )b/e/& Ar~gbf Zgbnb~s' gzuibo G {rmsb umabo m~ cgzjrzz k ~bkf pb~zmo h~ma k nmmd& obuzpkpb~ zsm~w&akek|gob k~sgjfb m~ rzb mh k zfgcb/ G kfukwz rzb pzbrcmowaz hm~ aw kjsrkfgohm~akosz koc hm~ huk abanb~z/

>/ Sib umabo ub~b ~kgzbc cr~goe uiks sib kosi~mpmfmegzs Zib~~w M~sob~jkffz k oksgmokf p~mlbjs< sib agccfb jfkzzgoe mh )uigsb' Kab~gjk )M~sob~>00:< >9'/

:/ Am~bmxb~& cr~goe sib zgysgbz koc zbxbosgbz& Ukff Zs~bbs koc bfgsb rogxb~!zgsgbz ub~b oms wbs um~dgoe sgeisfw smebsib~ sm j~bksb obsum~dz mh Gxw Fbkerbe~kcrksbz uim sr~obc gosm goxbzsabos nkodb~z kz sibw umrfc nbegoogoe gosib bk~fw bgeisgbz )Im >007< 2927'/

3/ K~sr~m Emo|kfb| koc Lkobkoob Emo|kfb|& Uib~b Om Umako ^bkjibzsib Zraags< Simrzkocz mh Umabo Um~d mo Ukff Zs~bbs nrs Hbu KsskgoBybjrsgxb Pmzgsgmoz&Obu Wm~d Sgabz& Krerzs ;5& ;729/

2/ Gngc/

wall street women by melissa s. fisher

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