WardCity

River & Environs

Peri-domestic

(street, school, work-place)

Home

The urban environment

World Bank 2004

(street,school, workplace)

Peri-domestic

Street Sewers

Home

House Connections

An “engineer’s” view

Central Treatment Works

City

Collectors

Ward

World Bank 2004

Ward

Sewer Mains

House Connection

Home

Peri-domestic

Street Sewer

City

Interceptor/ Collector

River & Environs

Treatment Plant/Outfall

World Bank 2004

The “Household

Point of View”

Some questions that arise

Wastewater treatment standards Objectives of standards: health, environment? What standards can we afford? Uniform treatment standards or vary with receiving water and its use? Reuse of wastewater when there is water scarcity (industrial/irrigation)

Sanitation and public health How do we set priorities on sewerage investment?

Which towns? Which streets?

Where is onsite sanitation (infiltration) acceptable?

World Bank 2004

Focus on the household…Where most disease transmission occurs

Where families are most exposed and most vulnerable

How to target sanitation investments where How to target sanitation investments where they will have the biggest impact?they will have the biggest impact?