watch?v=07v5 3fcrzoqhealthoccstudentportal.weebly.com/uploads/8/4/6/3/8463765/... · •be cost/o...

Introduction to Medical Terminology

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07v53fCRzOQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07v53fCRzOQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=07v53fCRzOQ

__________ Position

Body Cavities

• Locate structures or abnormalities by referring to the body cavity

• Two major cavities – Dorsal (posterior),

includes cranial and spinal

– Ventral (anterior), includes thoracic and abdominopelvic

Abdominopelvic Divisions

• Quadrants:

– RUQ

– LUQ

– RLQ

– LLQ

Abdominopelvic Divisions

• Regions:

– Left hypo/chondr/iac

– Epi/gastr/ic

– Right Hypo/chondr/iac

– Left Lumbar

– Umbilical

– Right Lumbar

– Left Inguinal (iliac)

– Hypo/gastr/ic

– Right inguinal (iliac)

Terms of Direction

• Animated visual

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHKFFgxxw1M

• In summary

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FFzGJqWIRc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHKFFgxxw1Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHKFFgxxw1Mhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FFzGJqWIRchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FFzGJqWIRc

Body Movements

• Adduction Inversion

• Abduction Eversion

• Flexion Dorsiflexion

• Extension Plantar Flexion

• Rotation Pronation

• Supination

Musculoskeletal System

• Muscle Tissue: contractile cells or fibers

– Provide movement

– Posture, heat, protective, bulk of body

• 3 Types

– Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Skeletal Muscles

• Your Voluntary muscles

• Striated

• Muscles that move your eyeballs, tongue and bones

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rzi7zYlWno

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rzi7zYlWnohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rzi7zYlWno

Cardiac Muscle

• Found only in the heart

• Makes up most of the wall of the heart

• Striated

• Involuntary movements

Smooth Muscles

• Involuntary or Visceral muscles

• Contraction of smooth muscles is controlled by the autonomic nervous system

• visceral organs, walls

of arteries, respiratory

passages, urinary,

reproductive

Muscle Factoids

• You have over 30 facial muscles which create looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning.

• Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day!

• The largest muscle in the body is the gluteus maximus muscle in the buttocks.

Selected Muscles

Joint Disorders

• Arthritis: Inflammation of a joint

– Pain, swelling, changes in structure

• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

– Systemic disease, inflammatory changes in joints and their related structures

– Crippling deformities

– Autoimmune reaction

Muscular Dystrophy

• Genetic disease characterized by gradual atrophy and weakening of muscle tissue

• Progression affects the

Skeletal & cardiac

• No cure

• Many die before 30

Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

• Neuromuscular disorder causes fluctuating weakness of certain skeletal muscle groups

• Progression leads to weakening muscles

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

• Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

Contracture

• Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

Hypotonia

• Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

Sprain

• Tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete

Strain

• To exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular

Arthrocentesis

• Puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid

Arthroscopy

• Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope

Exacerbation

• Increase in Severity of a disease or any of its symptoms

Abbreviations & Medical Word Elements

• MG Fibr/o • IM ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o • RA -asthenia • ROM -malacia • Arthr/o -scopy • Carp/o a- • Muscul/o, My/o dys- • Chondr/o sub- • Supra- syn-

Bones

• Framework of the body

• Protect internal organs

• Movement

Short Bones

• Cube shaped

• Ankles, wrists and toes

Irregular Bones

• Complex Shape

• Don’t fit in with short or long

• Vertebrae, middle ear

Flat Bones

• Broad flat surfaces

• Skull, shoulder blades, sternum

Long Bones

• Found in the appendages

• Legs, arms, fingers

Divisions of the Skeletal System

• 206 individual bones

• Axial Skeleton

– Provides protection & central support, Skull, Rib cage, vertebral column

• Appendicular Skeleton

– Enable body movement, Consists of the limbs

Musculoskeletal Specialty

• Orthopedics: prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders

• Orthopedist: Physician who specializes in the Orthopedics

• Rheumatologist: Physician specialized in treating joint disease

• Doctor of Osteopathy (DO): Medical Doctor who applies proper alignment of bones, muscles, ligaments and nerves to good hlth

Fractures

• Closed Fracture: Bone is broke with no external wound

• Open Fracture: Bone is broken with an open external wound

Fractures

• Complicated Fracture: Broken bone has injured an internal organ

• Comminuted fracture:

Broken bone is splintered

into pieces

Fractures

• Impacted Fracture: Bone is broken and one end is wedged into the interior of another bone

• Colles Fracture: Break at the lower end of the radius, occurring just above the wrist

Fractures • Incomplete Fractures: Line of fracture

does not completely transverse the entire bone

• Greenstick Fractures: Break of bone does not extend through the entire thickness of the bone, leaving the unbroken side bent

Osteoporosis

• Common metabolic Bone disorder, characterized by decreased bone density

– Bone reabsorption exceeds bone formation

Spinal Curvatures

• Scoliosis: C-shaped curvature either to the right or left

Spinal Curvatures

• Kyphosis: humback or hunchback, abnormal curvature of the upper portion of the spine

Spinal Curvatures

• Lordosis: abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the lower part of the spine

Crepitation

• Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

Phantom Limb

• Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YL_6OMPywnQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YL_6OMPywnQhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YL_6OMPywnQ

Prosthesis

• Replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity

• http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554

http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554http://video.answers.com/prosthesis-with-a-brain-175529554

Rickets

• Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency

Talipes Equinovarus

• Congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side, also called clubfoot

Reduction

• Procedure that restores a bone to its normal position

– Closed: realigned by manipulation

– Open: realigned by surgery

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQDebkQEmUE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQDebkQEmUEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gQDebkQEmUE

Casting

• Application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster or other material to a body part to immobilize it during the healing process

Splinting

• Application of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilization, stabilization, and protection during the healing process

Amputation

• Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease

Laminectomy

• Excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

– Done to relieve symptoms of a ruptured/slipped disk

Brain Break!

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jaW5DtKxFE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jaW5DtKxFEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jaW5DtKxFE

Abbreviations & Medical Words

• Fx Brachi/o Vertebr/o • AE Cephal/o Stern/o • AK Cervic/o -clast • BE Cost/o -clasia • BK Crani/o Scoli/o • Kyph/o Dactyl/o Pod/o • Lamin/o Femor/o Oste/o • Lord/o Lumb/o Phalang/o • Myel/o Pelv/I, Pelv/o

watch?v=07v5 3fcrzoqhealthoccstudentportal.weebly.com/uploads/8/4/6/3/8463765/... · •be cost/o...

Documents