wave: a tutorial - wpiweb.cs.wpi.edu/~rek/iot/wave_tutorial_f15.pdf2 wave: a tutorial. introduction...
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WAVE: A Tutorial Roberto A. Uzcátegui
Guillermo Acosta-Marum
IEEE Communications Magazine ,May 2009
1
Presenter – Renato Iida
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Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Outline
• Introduction
• WAVE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
• PHY and MAC Layers
• Multichannel Operation
• Networking Services
• Resource Manager
• Security Services
• Concluding Remarks
WAVE: A Tutorial 2
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Introduction Motivation and Standards
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Motivation
• Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (IVHS) US,1991
─ Increase safety
─ Ameliorate congestion
─ Reduce pollution
─ Conserve fossil fuel
• DOT advices with Intelligent Transportation Society of America (ITSA)
• Created the intelligent transportation system [ITS] in 1996
─ http://www.its.dot.gov/
WAVE: A Tutorial 4
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Standard of WAVE
• 2004, IEEE create the network layers based on ITSA
• 802.11p describe the PHY/MAC layer
─ Based on 802.11a
─ Uses 5.85-5.925 GHz
─ 75 Mhz of spectrum
• 1609 describe the other layer
─ Divided in 4 parts
• Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) is the solution using both standards
WAVE: A Tutorial 5
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WAVE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Types and elements
6 WAVE: A Tutorial
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Types of Networks
• Vehicle-to-Vehicle(V2V)
─ Connect between two or Onboard units (OBUs)
• Vehicle-to-Infrastructure(V2I)
─ Connect between Onboard units (OBUs) and Roadside units (RSUs)
• Traditional Internet Access
WAVE: A Tutorial 7
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Organization and Channels
• Exchange information using control channel (CCH) and operates independently
• WAVE basic service sets
─ Small Network
─ Similar to 802.11 service set
─ Mix of OBU and RSU
─ Service channels (SCHs)
WAVE: A Tutorial 8
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Examples
WAVE: A Tutorial 9
V2V V2I
Internet
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PHY and MAC layers 802.11p
10 WAVE: A Tutorial
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Protocol Stack
WAVE: A Tutorial 11
802.11p
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Requirement
• Longer ranges of operations (up to 1000m)
• The high speed of vehicles
• Extreme multipath environments
• Multiple overlapping ad hoc with QoS
• Special beacon frame
WAVE: A Tutorial 12
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Implementation
• 10 Mhz channels , half of the 802.11a
• Control Channel and six service channel
• Unique ad hoc mode
• Random MAC
• High accuracy of RSSI
• 16 QAM lower rate than 802.11a
• Priority control
• Power Control
WAVE: A Tutorial 13
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Multichannel Operation Functional Description
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Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Protocol Stack
WAVE: A Tutorial 15
1609.4
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Elements of Multichannel Operation
• Medium access using enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) from 802.11e
• Enhancement to IEEE 802.11 MAC
• Manage channel coordination and to support MAC service data unit (MSDU)
WAVE: A Tutorial 16
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Services
• Control channel data transfer
• Service channel data transfer
• Data transfer services
• Control priority of data packet (WSMP or IP)
WAVE: A Tutorial 17
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Functional Description
• Management Frames
─ Wave announcement only in CCH
─ Other IEEE management frames
• Data Frames
─ Wave short message can be on CCH and SCH
─ IP data frames only on SCH
• Channel Coordination using CCH
─ For each WBSS
WAVE: A Tutorial 18
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Network Services
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Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Protocol Stack
WAVE: A Tutorial 20
1609.3
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Data Plane Services
• IPv6
─ TCP
─ UDP
• WSMP
─ Capable of forward message
─ Check integrity of the message
WAVE: A Tutorial 21
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Management-Plane Services
• Application registration
• WBSS management
• Channel usage monitoring
• IPv6 configuration
• Received channel power indicator (RCPI) monitoring
• Management information base (MIB) maintenance
WAVE: A Tutorial 22
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Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Application Registration
• All applications need to register with WAVE management entity [WME]
• Each application registers with a unique provider service identifier (PSID)
• Three tables
─ ProviderServiceInfo – info about applications that provide service
─ UserServiceInfo -applications residing in the local unit
─ ApplicationStatus – Info about the applications
WAVE: A Tutorial 23
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WBSS Management
• Link establishment
• Addition or removal of applications from dynamic WBSSs
• Inclusion (provider side) and retrieval (user side) of security credentials
• WBSS termination
• Maintenance of the status of each application in the context of a particular WBSS
WAVE: A Tutorial 24
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Channel Usage Monitoring
• Mandate that WME tracks SCH usage
• The standard don’t define how but need to choose a less congested channel
WAVE: A Tutorial 25
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IPv6 Configuration
• Controls the IPv6 connections
WAVE: A Tutorial 26
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RCPI Monitoring
• Any application can query a remote device about the strength of the received signal
• MLME that handle this request
WAVE: A Tutorial 27
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Worcester Polytechnic Institute
MIB Maintenance
• The WME maintains a MIB that contains system-related and application-related information
• Examples
─ Network Information
─ Addresses information
─ Registration port
─ And others
WAVE: A Tutorial 28
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Resource Manager
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Protocol Stack
WAVE: A Tutorial 30
1609.1
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Elements in the network
WAVE: A Tutorial 31
Resource Management Applications (RMA)
Internet
RSU
OBU
RM
RM
• RM have a resource command processor (RCP)
• RPC executes the command inside the RM on behalf of RMA
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Inside the OBU/RSU
WAVE: A Tutorial 32
RM WME
RMA
WBSS
OBU
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Security Services
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Protocol Stack
WAVE: A Tutorial 34
1609.2
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Symmetric Algorithms
• How it can be used
─ Encrypted-only
─ Authenticated-only
─ Both
• Use Message Integrity Check (MIC)
• Algorithm CBC AES-CCM
WAVE: A Tutorial 35
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Remaining Algorithms
• Support Asymmetric Keys
• User SHA1 for hash functions
• Don’t guarantee anonymous header in the broadcast messages
WAVE: A Tutorial 36
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Hash Function
• Use to create the MIC
• Uses SHA-1
WAVE: A Tutorial 37
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Conclusions
• Show how WAVE fit in a OSI model
• Based on well-known solution of 802.11
• Test of ITS were on going in California,Michigan, New York and Virginia
WAVE: A Tutorial 38
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Extra
• https://www.udacity.com/course/applied-cryptography--cs387
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