Week 1 You'll always find what you Week 1 You'll always find what you wantwant

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A deep and uncharted webA deep and uncharted webSpaceSpace

• The web is hugeThe web is huge• The problem is that time and space have a The problem is that time and space have a

different meaning on the web. different meaning on the web. • Everything that 'happens' is carved forever: Everything that 'happens' is carved forever:

– try to pull something 'off the web' try to pull something 'off the web' – Everything you write and publish will defy eternity, Everything you write and publish will defy eternity,

carved in electrons: the very moment you put something carved in electrons: the very moment you put something on the web, someone, somewhere, will make a copy out on the web, someone, somewhere, will make a copy out of it. of it.

– It is bound to reappear, somewhere sometime: It is bound to reappear, somewhere sometime: indestructible and redoutable powers of the void.indestructible and redoutable powers of the void.

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A deep and uncharted webA deep and uncharted webTimeTime

• Time is different too. Time is different too. • As anyone that has real web-experience As anyone that has real web-experience

knows, something you wrote, or published, knows, something you wrote, or published, remains unanswered - and apparently remains unanswered - and apparently uncared of - for months, or years... and then, uncared of - for months, or years... and then, all of a sudden, when you almost forgot it all of a sudden, when you almost forgot it yourself, a dozen persons begin contacting yourself, a dozen persons begin contacting you out of the void, with an enormous and you out of the void, with an enormous and for you inexplicable interest in what you for you inexplicable interest in what you wrote so long ago. wrote so long ago.

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5

StructureStructure

• Four main different areas: Four main different areas: – CoreCore– Hidden databasesHidden databases– Outside linkersOutside linkers– Outside linkedOutside linked

• Different techniques are used to access Different techniques are used to access these different areas.these different areas.

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Hidden databasesHidden databases

• Hidden databases. Hidden databases. – These are pages that the Nucleus points These are pages that the Nucleus points – May (or may not) point back to the Nucleus. May (or may not) point back to the Nucleus. – For access-restrictive reasons visitors of sites located For access-restrictive reasons visitors of sites located

here are supposed to "pay" in order to access them. As here are supposed to "pay" in order to access them. As you may imagine, these pages are NOT mutually linked.you may imagine, these pages are NOT mutually linked.

• Fortunately the web was originally built in order Fortunately the web was originally built in order to share knowledge. to share knowledge.

• The building blocks, the "basic frames" behind The building blocks, the "basic frames" behind the structure of the web are still the same the structure of the web are still the same regardless of the commercial twist.regardless of the commercial twist.

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Hidden databasesHidden databases• If I may dare a comparison: exactly as it is pretty If I may dare a comparison: exactly as it is pretty

easy to break any software protection written in a easy to break any software protection written in a higher language if you know (and use) assembly, so it higher language if you know (and use) assembly, so it is easy to break any server-user delivered barrier to a is easy to break any server-user delivered barrier to a given database if you know (and can outflank) the given database if you know (and can outflank) the protocols used by browsers and servers.protocols used by browsers and servers.

• As a result let's simply say that for some it is As a result let's simply say that for some it is relatively easy to access all pages in this area relatively easy to access all pages in this area reversing the (simple) perl or javascript tricks used to reversing the (simple) perl or javascript tricks used to keep them "off limits" . keep them "off limits" .

• (You wont even have to recurr to common exploits à (You wont even have to recurr to common exploits à la "la "politically correctpolitically correct" :-) " :-)

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Outside linkedOutside linked

• The "outside linked". The "outside linked". • The sites in this area are linked from the The sites in this area are linked from the

Nucleus but do not point back to it. Nucleus but do not point back to it. • For instance, the elements of a database For instance, the elements of a database

of images, linked from the Nucleus but not of images, linked from the Nucleus but not necessarily pointing back to it. necessarily pointing back to it.

• These pages are "outside" the nucleus, yet These pages are "outside" the nucleus, yet not particularly difficult to find. not particularly difficult to find.

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Outside linkersOutside linkers• Like matter and anti-matter the "outside linked" Like matter and anti-matter the "outside linked"

correspond an inversed related part of the web: correspond an inversed related part of the web: the "outside linkers" pages. the "outside linkers" pages.

• Indeed all the pages located in this specific area Indeed all the pages located in this specific area of the web do "point" to the Nucleus but are not of the web do "point" to the Nucleus but are not pointed back from it. pointed back from it.

• Imagine as an example the personal links page of Imagine as an example the personal links page of a scientist: lotta interesting links to the Nucleus a scientist: lotta interesting links to the Nucleus yet no need to publicize its existence. yet no need to publicize its existence.

• A page with information you may need is there, A page with information you may need is there, somewhere, without any link whatsoever that somewhere, without any link whatsoever that could bring you to it. Indeed there are no links could bring you to it. Indeed there are no links back from the Nucleus to these pages.back from the Nucleus to these pages.

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Outside linkersOutside linkers• The "outside linkers" are a part of the web you The "outside linkers" are a part of the web you

cannot reach using "normal" search techniques, cannot reach using "normal" search techniques, since no link whatsoever points to them. since no link whatsoever points to them.

• Yet they may hoard knowledge you need. There Yet they may hoard knowledge you need. There are, fortunately, some techniques that you can are, fortunately, some techniques that you can apply in order to find them, the most simple and apply in order to find them, the most simple and common one being 'klebing' common one being 'klebing'

• Klebing is using the information found inside the Klebing is using the information found inside the referral fields of site loggings and statistics when referral fields of site loggings and statistics when your target visits your site. The trick is to lure your target visits your site. The trick is to lure your potential targets to an interesting page you your potential targets to an interesting page you create and keep it updated until they land there create and keep it updated until they land there and unsuspectingly leave an entry in your web and unsuspectingly leave an entry in your web log or stat server.log or stat server.

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The TriadThe Triad

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Why Teoma Why Teoma • Because you can refine, refine, refine... and that's Because you can refine, refine, refine... and that's

it! it! • This is NOT just a simple "search within these This is NOT just a simple "search within these

results" thingy: results" thingy: • Best choice for starting a query on BROAD topics. Best choice for starting a query on BROAD topics. • Teoma is resistant to index spamming (a huge Teoma is resistant to index spamming (a huge

problem for Google). problem for Google). • Teoma eliminated all advertisement banners and Teoma eliminated all advertisement banners and

interstitials (popups) in January 2003 interstitials (popups) in January 2003 • While Google's 'global linking' gives credit to While Google's 'global linking' gives credit to

every link equally, Teoma (should) instead find every link equally, Teoma (should) instead find 'the links that count'... and count them. 'the links that count'... and count them.

• Teoma "creates on the fly clusters of web pages Teoma "creates on the fly clusters of web pages into topic specific web communities" into topic specific web communities"

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Why GoogleWhy Google

• With google you can forget hyperlinks: just With google you can forget hyperlinks: just find pages selecting a set of very peculiar find pages selecting a set of very peculiar words that uniquely identify a given page.words that uniquely identify a given page.

• Google searches inside .pdf, .doc, etc. Google searches inside .pdf, .doc, etc. files. Moreover, it locates the text most files. Moreover, it locates the text most relevant to your specific query and relevant to your specific query and highlights your keywords and its context highlights your keywords and its context

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Why FastWhy Fast

• Because it is fast. Because it is fast. • Because it covers parts of the web that are Because it covers parts of the web that are

not covered by google. not covered by google. • Because it is less polluted by the useless Because it is less polluted by the useless

commercial sites. Because it mines the commercial sites. Because it mines the "deep" and "obscure" web more than "deep" and "obscure" web more than google or teoma. google or teoma.

• Because it is less censored than google. Because it is less censored than google. Because it is simply the best main engine Because it is simply the best main engine for multi-words complex searchesfor multi-words complex searches..

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SearchingSearching

• 1)1)  LOWERCASELOWERCASEAlways enter your search terms in lower Always enter your search terms in lower case (unless you case (unless you wantwant to limit your to limit your search). Most search engine will thus find search). Most search engine will thus find bothboth upper and lower case occurrences of upper and lower case occurrences of your searchstring. "pAris" is NOT the same your searchstring. "pAris" is NOT the same as "paris"as "paris"

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SearchingSearching

• 2)2)  EXACT SEQUENCE [""]EXACT SEQUENCE [""]Enclose terms in double quotation marks if Enclose terms in double quotation marks if you want to retrieve those exact terms in you want to retrieve those exact terms in that exact sequence. This may be very that exact sequence. This may be very useful in order to find a specific page. Thus useful in order to find a specific page. Thus "saerch engine" will retrieve some (11) "saerch engine" will retrieve some (11) pages WITH THIS SAME MISSPELLING pages WITH THIS SAME MISSPELLING ERROR. ERROR.

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SearchingSearching

• 3)3)  NARROW DOWN [ AND | & | + ]NARROW DOWN [ AND | & | + ] and and ELIMINATE MERCILESSY [ AND NOT | | | - ]ELIMINATE MERCILESSY [ AND NOT | | | - ]Narrow your searches by linking your search terms Narrow your searches by linking your search terms with AND or &, or simply use the plus sign [+]. The with AND or &, or simply use the plus sign [+]. The search engine will find only those pages that contain search engine will find only those pages that contain all of your search terms. Similarly, exclude pages that all of your search terms. Similarly, exclude pages that are not relevant to your search by preceding the are not relevant to your search by preceding the search term with AND NOT or | or simply use the search term with AND NOT or | or simply use the minus sign [-]. +"search engines" +hints +tips minus sign [-]. +"search engines" +hints +tips +techniques -tits -sex -"make money" is better than +techniques -tits -sex -"make money" is better than the more simple +"search engines" +hints +tips the more simple +"search engines" +hints +tips +techniques. +techniques.

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SearchingSearching• 4)4)  DOWNSIDE OF THE BOOLEAN operatorsDOWNSIDE OF THE BOOLEAN operators

It's often difficult to specify exactly what you want It's often difficult to specify exactly what you want to include or exclude. You can also get unexpected to include or exclude. You can also get unexpected results if you are not careful about your use of results if you are not careful about your use of operators and parentheses. For example, the operators and parentheses. For example, the search seeking OR searching AND finding is the search seeking OR searching AND finding is the same as the search seeking OR (searching AND same as the search seeking OR (searching AND finding). Both queries will find documents that finding). Both queries will find documents that contain both searching and finding, together with contain both searching and finding, together with documents that contain the word seeking. documents that contain the word seeking. However, the query (seeking OR searching) AND However, the query (seeking OR searching) AND finding is not the same. It will find documents finding is not the same. It will find documents containing the word finding and, in the same containing the word finding and, in the same document, either seeking or searching. Be careful document, either seeking or searching. Be careful with the boolean operators! with the boolean operators!

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SearchingSearching• 5)5)  "PECULIAR" strings"PECULIAR" strings

You should always strive to use differentiating keywords You should always strive to use differentiating keywords when searching the web. Words that are commonly used when searching the web. Words that are commonly used will not help you much. Extremely common words like will not help you much. Extremely common words like articles and prepositions are so worthless that they are articles and prepositions are so worthless that they are completely ignored. Try to use words which underline the completely ignored. Try to use words which underline the peculiarity of your target. Common words, when combined peculiarity of your target. Common words, when combined with boolean qualifiers, can be very effective. You must with boolean qualifiers, can be very effective. You must identify the main concepts in your topic and determine any identify the main concepts in your topic and determine any synonyms, alternate spellings, or variant word forms for the synonyms, alternate spellings, or variant word forms for the concepts. Remember that the most "peculiar" a word, the concepts. Remember that the most "peculiar" a word, the more useful it will be in order to sharpen your search. more useful it will be in order to sharpen your search. + title:"search strateg*" +hints +tips+ title:"search strateg*" +hints +tipsin this case we did include the "search strateg*" string in this case we did include the "search strateg*" string (which already has an elevate PEC) in the title: keyword. (which already has an elevate PEC) in the title: keyword.

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SearchingSearching• 6)6)  ASTERISKASTERISK[*][*]

Note also the use of the asterisk [*] in the previous Note also the use of the asterisk [*] in the previous example: it MUST be used after at least 3 characters, it is example: it MUST be used after at least 3 characters, it is valid for up to 5 characters or as an element of a phrase.valid for up to 5 characters or as an element of a phrase.For Altavista: For Altavista: – Asterisk (*)Asterisk (*): After 3 specified characters will search for : After 3 specified characters will search for

matches in up to 5 trailing letters. matches in up to 5 trailing letters.

– Question Mark (?)Question Mark (?): After 3 specified characters will match : After 3 specified characters will match exactly one more character.exactly one more character.

– Double AsteriskDouble Asterisk (**) More flexible as it will search for (**) More flexible as it will search for matches for an unlimited number of trailing characters.matches for an unlimited number of trailing characters.

You also have the ability use the wildcards interchangeably You also have the ability use the wildcards interchangeably and more than once in the same search string and more than once in the same search string

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SearchingSearching

• 7)7)  STOP WORDSSTOP WORDSStop words are words such as "and" "the" and Stop words are words such as "and" "the" and "or" which search engines "or" which search engines excludeexclude from their from their searches to make them more effective. These searches to make them more effective. These terms are excluded because they are either terms are excluded because they are either extremely common or they are used by the extremely common or they are used by the search engine for performing more specialized search engine for performing more specialized searches. Just think about how many documents searches. Just think about how many documents on the Web contain the word "the" and you'll on the Web contain the word "the" and you'll understand how important is a good stop words understand how important is a good stop words list for all search engines. list for all search engines.

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Errors you encounterErrors you encounter• 400 - Bad request400 - Bad request

What does it mean?What does it mean?There's something wrong with the URL you typed. Maybe the server you're contacting doesn't recognize the document you're asking There's something wrong with the URL you typed. Maybe the server you're contacting doesn't recognize the document you're asking for, maybe it doesn't exist, or maybe you're not authorized to access it. for, maybe it doesn't exist, or maybe you're not authorized to access it. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Check the URL. Pay special attention to uppercase and lowercase letters, colons, and slashes. Here's a tip: one style convention Check the URL. Pay special attention to uppercase and lowercase letters, colons, and slashes. Here's a tip: one style convention many sites observe is to slap initial capital letters on directory names but not filenames. If you get this message repeatedly, maybe many sites observe is to slap initial capital letters on directory names but not filenames. If you get this message repeatedly, maybe the note you copied the URL from mixed up its uppercase and lowercase. the note you copied the URL from mixed up its uppercase and lowercase.

• 401 - Unauthorized401 - UnauthorizedWhat does it mean?What does it mean?You're probably accessing a site that's protected and you're not on the host's preferred guest list or you typed the password You're probably accessing a site that's protected and you're not on the host's preferred guest list or you typed the password incorrectly. Some sites also put a block on domain types--if you're not from a .gov or .edu domain, for example, you may not be able incorrectly. Some sites also put a block on domain types--if you're not from a .gov or .edu domain, for example, you may not be able to gain access. to gain access. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?If you're sure you're allowed in, try again, and this time look at the keyboard when you type. Passwords are often case-sensitive, so if If you're sure you're allowed in, try again, and this time look at the keyboard when you type. Passwords are often case-sensitive, so if you've got your Caps Lock on, take it off. If you're trying to break in, we don't want to know, but the odds are stacked against you. you've got your Caps Lock on, take it off. If you're trying to break in, we don't want to know, but the odds are stacked against you.

• 403 - Forbidden403 - ForbiddenWhat does it mean?What does it mean?You may not be allowed to access this document, probably because it's either blocked to your domain or it's password-protected. You may not be allowed to access this document, probably because it's either blocked to your domain or it's password-protected. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?If you know the password, try again, carefully. If you don't know the password but think you're eligible for one, contact the site's If you know the password, try again, carefully. If you don't know the password but think you're eligible for one, contact the site's Webmaster and ask for it. Webmaster and ask for it.

• 404 - Not found 404 - Not found What does it mean?What does it mean?The server that hosts the site can't find the HTML document at the end of the URL. It may be a simple case of a mistyped URL, but it The server that hosts the site can't find the HTML document at the end of the URL. It may be a simple case of a mistyped URL, but it may also mean that the document doesn't exist anymore. may also mean that the document doesn't exist anymore. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Try going one level up (deleting the last part of the URL to the nearest slash) to see if the site is live. If it is, check if there are links to Try going one level up (deleting the last part of the URL to the nearest slash) to see if the site is live. If it is, check if there are links to the document you're looking for. Failing that, delete the last slash and type .html (or shtml) instead, and see what that gives you. the document you're looking for. Failing that, delete the last slash and type .html (or shtml) instead, and see what that gives you.

• 503 - Service unavailable503 - Service unavailable What does it mean?What does it mean?There are a variety of possibilities: your access provider's server may be down, your company's gateway (the connection between There are a variety of possibilities: your access provider's server may be down, your company's gateway (the connection between the LAN and the Internet) may be broken, or your own system isn't working. the LAN and the Internet) may be broken, or your own system isn't working. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?This is usually an easy one: wait a minute and try again. If the error persists, identify the culprit (access provider, gateway, or your This is usually an easy one: wait a minute and try again. If the error persists, identify the culprit (access provider, gateway, or your system) by process of elimination. system) by process of elimination.

• Bad file requestBad file requestWhat does it mean?What does it mean?Your browser supports forms complete with data-entry fields and drop-down lists, but not the form you're trying to access. Perhaps Your browser supports forms complete with data-entry fields and drop-down lists, but not the form you're trying to access. Perhaps there's an error or unsupported feature in the form. there's an error or unsupported feature in the form. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Send email to the Webmaster and try the form again some other day Send email to the Webmaster and try the form again some other day

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Errors you encounterErrors you encounter• Cannot add form submission result to bookmark list Cannot add form submission result to bookmark list

What does it mean?What does it mean?You've just entered a search request and tried to save the result as a bookmark. Though it may appear as a discrete address, the You've just entered a search request and tried to save the result as a bookmark. Though it may appear as a discrete address, the result isn't a legitimate URL, so you can't add it to your bookmark list. result isn't a legitimate URL, so you can't add it to your bookmark list. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Try saving the result page as an HTML page on your hard disk. Use the Save As command then add the saved page to your Try saving the result page as an HTML page on your hard disk. Use the Save As command then add the saved page to your bookmark list. Depending on the CGI script behind the query, you may or may not be successful. But it's worth a try. bookmark list. Depending on the CGI script behind the query, you may or may not be successful. But it's worth a try.

• Connection refused by hostConnection refused by hostWhat does it mean?What does it mean?You may not be allowed to access this document, probably because it's either blocked to your domain or it's password-protected. You may not be allowed to access this document, probably because it's either blocked to your domain or it's password-protected. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?If you know the password, try again, carefully. If you don't know the password but think you're eligible for one, contact the site's If you know the password, try again, carefully. If you don't know the password but think you're eligible for one, contact the site's Webmaster and ask for it. Webmaster and ask for it.

• Failed DNS lookupFailed DNS lookupWhat does it mean?What does it mean?The domain name system can't translate the URL to a valid Internet address. This is either a harmless blip or the result of a mistyped The domain name system can't translate the URL to a valid Internet address. This is either a harmless blip or the result of a mistyped URL (specifically, a mistyped host name). URL (specifically, a mistyped host name). What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Blips in DNS lookup are common, and often you can rectify this by clicking the Reload button. If that doesn't work, check your typing Blips in DNS lookup are common, and often you can rectify this by clicking the Reload button. If that doesn't work, check your typing of the URL carefully. If the problem persists, try again after an hour or so. of the URL carefully. If the problem persists, try again after an hour or so.

• File contains no dataFile contains no dataWhat does it mean?What does it mean?The site you've accessed is the right one, but there are no Web page documents on it. You may have stumbled upon this site just as The site you've accessed is the right one, but there are no Web page documents on it. You may have stumbled upon this site just as updated versions are being uploaded. updated versions are being uploaded. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Try the URL again, carefully. If that doesn't help, try again in an hour. Try the URL again, carefully. If that doesn't help, try again in an hour.

• Helper application not foundHelper application not foundWhat does it mean?What does it mean?Your browser doesn't recognize a file at the Web or Net site you're visiting. Most browsers can be extended using helper applications Your browser doesn't recognize a file at the Web or Net site you're visiting. Most browsers can be extended using helper applications (or viewers) to read files they don't otherwise recognize. These files aren't necessarily graphics--they can be sound files, movie clips, (or viewers) to read files they don't otherwise recognize. These files aren't necessarily graphics--they can be sound files, movie clips, or ZIP or SIT archive files you're trying to download. or ZIP or SIT archive files you're trying to download. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?The dialog box that carries this message will usually give a clue about the file type that's missing. (You may see some gibberish The dialog box that carries this message will usually give a clue about the file type that's missing. (You may see some gibberish about octet streams, but after that you'll probably see some reference to graphic-TIFF, which gives it away.) Look at CNET's Survival about octet streams, but after that you'll probably see some reference to graphic-TIFF, which gives it away.) Look at CNET's Survival Kits for your computing platform (Mac, PC, or Unix) for viewers for the most common file types. Then follow your browser's Kits for your computing platform (Mac, PC, or Unix) for viewers for the most common file types. Then follow your browser's instructions for assigning a viewer for each file format you wish to view online. instructions for assigning a viewer for each file format you wish to view online.

• Host unavailableHost unavailableWhat does it mean?What does it mean?The machine that hosts this site is probably down for maintenance. The machine that hosts this site is probably down for maintenance. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?If at first you don't succeed, hit Refresh or Reload again and again. But wait a while between refreshes. If at first you don't succeed, hit Refresh or Reload again and again. But wait a while between refreshes.

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Errors you encounterErrors you encounter• Host unknownHost unknown

What does it mean?What does it mean?The server may be down for maintenance, or you may have lost the connection (your modem disconnected, or your company's T1 The server may be down for maintenance, or you may have lost the connection (your modem disconnected, or your company's T1 line is choking). line is choking). What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Hit the Reload button first. This is often a blip in the Net. Then check the URL for typos (and don't forget case-sensitivity). Then make Hit the Reload button first. This is often a blip in the Net. Then check the URL for typos (and don't forget case-sensitivity). Then make sure you're connected by hitting Reload, which will re-establish connections in many cases. sure you're connected by hitting Reload, which will re-establish connections in many cases.

• Network connection was refused by the serverNetwork connection was refused by the serverWhat does it mean?What does it mean?The server is probably too busy to handle one more user, but it's not configured to generate its own message, so this generic The server is probably too busy to handle one more user, but it's not configured to generate its own message, so this generic message shows up instead. message shows up instead. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?As always, try and try again. If that doesn't work, wait as long as you can. Then try again. As always, try and try again. If that doesn't work, wait as long as you can. Then try again.

• NNTP server errorNNTP server errorWhat does it mean?What does it mean?You're trying to log on to a Usenet newsgroup, but you can't get to it. The Usenet server is something that's made available by your You're trying to log on to a Usenet newsgroup, but you can't get to it. The Usenet server is something that's made available by your Internet service provider, so it may be that this newsgroup isn't available at all. Internet service provider, so it may be that this newsgroup isn't available at all. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Make sure you've typed the URL correctly. If that doesn't help, try again later. If the problem persists, contact your access provider Make sure you've typed the URL correctly. If that doesn't help, try again later. If the problem persists, contact your access provider and give them a piece of your mind. and give them a piece of your mind.

• Permission denied Permission denied What does it mean?What does it mean?You're trying to upload a file to an ftp site, and the site's administrator doesn't want you to. Alternatively, you're using the wrong You're trying to upload a file to an ftp site, and the site's administrator doesn't want you to. Alternatively, you're using the wrong syntax when trying to get a file. Or maybe the site is currently too busy to handle your upload. syntax when trying to get a file. Or maybe the site is currently too busy to handle your upload. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?First check that you used the correct syntax. Then try again later. If the problem persists, send email to the Webmaster and ask how First check that you used the correct syntax. Then try again later. If the problem persists, send email to the Webmaster and ask how you can upload a file to that site. you can upload a file to that site.

• Too many connections--try again later Too many connections--try again later What does it mean?What does it mean?This is another variation on the rush-hour error message. You've picked the wrong time to call, that's all. This is another variation on the rush-hour error message. You've picked the wrong time to call, that's all. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Do as it says--try again later, or keep hitting the Refresh button until you succeed. Do as it says--try again later, or keep hitting the Refresh button until you succeed.

• Too many users Too many users What does it mean?What does it mean?No ftp site has unlimited access: physical connections or administrator policy allocate a number of anonymous users to a given site. No ftp site has unlimited access: physical connections or administrator policy allocate a number of anonymous users to a given site. When that number is exceeded, all who try to log on receive this message. When that number is exceeded, all who try to log on receive this message. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Just keep trying until you get lucky. However, on a busy site (like Netscape's the week after a big announcement) or one with very Just keep trying until you get lucky. However, on a busy site (like Netscape's the week after a big announcement) or one with very limited access rights, you may be out of luck. If so, check to see whether the site has mirrors, and try one of those. limited access rights, you may be out of luck. If so, check to see whether the site has mirrors, and try one of those.

• Unable to locate hostUnable to locate hostWhat does it mean?What does it mean?The server may be down for maintenance, or you may have lost the connection (your modem disconnected or your company's T1 The server may be down for maintenance, or you may have lost the connection (your modem disconnected or your company's T1 line is choking). line is choking). What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Hit the Reload button first. This is often a blip in the Net. Check the URL for typos (and don't forget case-sensitivity), then make sure Hit the Reload button first. This is often a blip in the Net. Check the URL for typos (and don't forget case-sensitivity), then make sure you're connected by hitting Reload, which will re-establish connections in many cases. you're connected by hitting Reload, which will re-establish connections in many cases.

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Errors you encounterErrors you encounter• Unable to locate the serverUnable to locate the server

What does it mean?What does it mean?You have either mistyped the URL, or the server doesn't exist (you may have outdated information). You have either mistyped the URL, or the server doesn't exist (you may have outdated information).

What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Your mission, should you choose to accept it: enter the URL again, looking at the keyboard as you Your mission, should you choose to accept it: enter the URL again, looking at the keyboard as you type. No luck? Check with your source to verify that the URL is correct. type. No luck? Check with your source to verify that the URL is correct.

• Viewer not found Viewer not found What does it mean?What does it mean?Your browser doesn't recognize a file at the Web or Net site you're visiting. Viewable files aren't Your browser doesn't recognize a file at the Web or Net site you're visiting. Viewable files aren't necessarily graphics--they can be sound files, movie clips, ZIP or SIT archive files, and so on. If it's necessarily graphics--they can be sound files, movie clips, ZIP or SIT archive files, and so on. If it's not a GIF or JPEG file, your browser may not know what it is. not a GIF or JPEG file, your browser may not know what it is. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?The dialog box that carries this message will usually give a clue about the file type that's missing. The dialog box that carries this message will usually give a clue about the file type that's missing. (You may see some gibberish about octet streams, but after that you'll probably see some reference (You may see some gibberish about octet streams, but after that you'll probably see some reference to graphic-TIFF, which gives it away.) Look at CNET's Survival Kits for your computing platform (Mac, to graphic-TIFF, which gives it away.) Look at CNET's Survival Kits for your computing platform (Mac, PC, or Unix) for viewers for the most common file types. Then follow your browser's instructions for PC, or Unix) for viewers for the most common file types. Then follow your browser's instructions for assigning a viewer for each file format you wish to view online. assigning a viewer for each file format you wish to view online.

• You can't log on as an anonymous user You can't log on as an anonymous user What does it mean?What does it mean?This message covers a multitude of sins. Some ftp sites allow people who aren't members, some This message covers a multitude of sins. Some ftp sites allow people who aren't members, some don't. Others may allow nonmembers, but limit the number of visitors. Another possibility is that don't. Others may allow nonmembers, but limit the number of visitors. Another possibility is that your browser doesn't support anonymous ftp access. The way most browsers handle this is to your browser doesn't support anonymous ftp access. The way most browsers handle this is to submit "anonymous" as the user ID and your email address as the password. The America Online submit "anonymous" as the user ID and your email address as the password. The America Online browser is one of the few that don't do this. browser is one of the few that don't do this. What can you do about it?What can you do about it?Either try again later after the rush hour or enter your user ID and password manually (using ftp Either try again later after the rush hour or enter your user ID and password manually (using ftp software such as WS-FTP). Remember: your ID is anonymous and your password is your (I hope for software such as WS-FTP). Remember: your ID is anonymous and your password is your (I hope for you bogus) email address. you bogus) email address.

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Project #1Project #1Part IIPart II

• Building the Zen of awarenessBuilding the Zen of awareness

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Cat burglars in the museum Cat burglars in the museum after darkafter dark

• Our TargetOur Target– http://gallica.bnf.fr/http://gallica.bnf.fr/

"70000 documents numérisés, une "70000 documents numérisés, une navigation plus intuitive, cette nouvelle navigation plus intuitive, cette nouvelle

version de Gallica constitue la mise à jour la version de Gallica constitue la mise à jour la plus importante depuis la création de ce plus importante depuis la création de ce

serveur en octobre 1997. serveur en octobre 1997.

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http://gallica.bnf.fr/http://gallica.bnf.fr/

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Find Me In the MuseumFind Me In the Museum

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Become One With Your Become One With Your EnvironmentEnvironment

• RelaxRelax• If you focus you are trying too hard and If you focus you are trying too hard and

you will miss what is happening.you will miss what is happening.• Try for 15 minutes then take a break and Try for 15 minutes then take a break and

do something else while your mind do something else while your mind explores the problem…laterallyexplores the problem…laterally

• What kind of things is this browser What kind of things is this browser loading?loading?

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An Outside Linker?An Outside Linker?Can you find it?Can you find it?

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http://gallica.bnf.fr/Fonds_Mosaiques/http://gallica.bnf.fr/Fonds_Mosaiques/

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Hints to Find MeHints to Find Me

• 0772048907720489• Scripts can be used to acquire the targetScripts can be used to acquire the target

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What to SubmitWhat to Submit

• Either the photo (*.jpg)Either the photo (*.jpg)• Or a short (~900 word) essay on:Or a short (~900 word) essay on:

– How you think the museum is organized How you think the museum is organized (diagrams would be helpful)(diagrams would be helpful)

– Why you were unable to find the pictureWhy you were unable to find the picture– Your thoughts on the ‘outside linker’ where is Your thoughts on the ‘outside linker’ where is

it… why you cant find it…what is used forit… why you cant find it…what is used for– Other interesting observations you may have Other interesting observations you may have

collected collected

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‘Research ?’

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“p” or ‘photograph’

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Try a photo…..

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Become One With the Become One With the ScreenScreen

Catalog number

What’s this?

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mediator.exe

Catalogue number

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What is mediator.exe?What is mediator.exe?