week4 gl 2121 general hydro geology tipologi akuifer2
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HIDROGEOLOGI UMUM (GL-3081)
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HIDROGEOLOGI UMUM (GL 3081)MINGGU KE-4
TIPOLOGI SISTEM AKUIFERTIPOLOGI SISTEM AKUIFER
Oleh:
Prof.Dr.Ir. Deny Juanda Puradimaja, DEAProf.Dr.Ir. Deny Juanda Puradimaja, DEA
Asisten:
Dr. D. Erwin Irawan
1Couse note for ITB student. Permission for other uses to Prof. Deny Juanda Puradimaja
D k i i AkifDeskripsi Akifer
Kelengkapan Gambar
P t (P b Akif )1. Peta (Penyebaran Akifer)
2. Gambar & Sketsa ‘Water Bodies’ (mataair, i k d i b h sumur, sungai, permukaan dan sungai bawah
tanah)
Couse note for ITB student. Permission for other uses to Prof. Deny Juanda Puradimaja
D k i i AkifDeskripsi Akifer
1 Nama batuan pembentuk akifer1. Nama batuan pembentuk akifer2. Sifat properti akifer
(Warna, ukuran butir, bentuk tubuh akifer, porositas & b l )permeabilitas)
1. Geometri Akifer(Berlapis menerus lensa terpatahkan dll)(Berlapis menerus, lensa, terpatahkan, dll) Bagian atas akiferBagian dasar akifer, khususnya lapisan i b limpermeabelJenis sistem akifer (akifer bebas, tertekan, kombinasi)
Couse note for ITB student. Permission for other uses to Prof. Deny Juanda Puradimaja
)Sistem input/output air (Recharge & Discharge) serta sifatnya (lokal atau regional)
PETA HIDROGEOLOGI INDONESIA SKALA 1 2 500 000INDONESIA SKALA 1 : 2.500.000
Couse note for ITB student. Permission for other uses to Prof. Deny Juanda Puradimaja
LEGENDA
Couse note for ITB student. Permission for other uses to Prof. Deny Juanda Puradimaja
Jalur Gunung Api di Indonesia
North100
o105
o
110o
Jakarta KarahaTalagaBodasKarang
Pulasari Gede
North5o
J A W A
Iyang ArgapuraSurabaya
Yogyakarta TamboraIjen SaLamongan
Arjuno-Welirang
Kld
Lawu
Wilis
Ciremai
Talaga Bodas
Slamet
SundoroSumbing
Merbabu
Dieng
Merapi
Butak PetaranganKiaraberes
UngaranBandung
PulasariTangkuban Perahu
Patuha
Perbakti
SalakGede
Gagak
Galunggung
KwManuk
Guntur
Papandayan
Kamojang
WayangWindu
PatuhaPatuhaPatuha
0100200300
10o
YogyakartaBALI
LOMBOKSUMBAWA
TamboraRinjani
Agung
BaturIjen
Raung
Sa
Bromo
Semeru
KeludKw. ManukWayang Windu
S U M A T RA
PAPUA
KALIMANTAN SULAWESI
N
105o
110o100o
R AJAWA
105 110o100
6DEI-CP,2009
Gunung Ciremai (Google Earth, 2008)
U• Gunung api solitaire (3072
mapl) Umapl).• Terletak 20 km ke arah
selatan dari Cirebon • Observasi 140 mata air:
Jan 2006 – Dec 2007.
7
Peta topografi
Citra SRTMMetodologi: Diagram Alir Penelitian
Peta geologi
Peta hidrogeologiKlasifikasimata air
Analisis regional
Observasi mata air:Litologi & geometri
Sifat fisik air tanah:Q T TDS EC H
Analisis:1 Diagram Piper
Kendali geologiterhadapmata air
Asal mula mataair
Genesaair tanah
Q, T, TDS, EC, pH
Sifat kimia air tanah:Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, K+, HCO3
-, Cl-, SO42-
1. Diagram Piper2. Korelasi3. Komponenutama4. Klaster5. Hidrograf
air
Delay time, sistem akuifer,Kawasani b h
Sistem input/Output air tanah
Data time series hidrograf: Q, TDS, EC
imbuhan
P i
Model hidrogeologipola aliran air
Penyaringandata
Model hidrogeologi &Pola perubahan sifatfisik dan kimia air tanah po a a a a
tanah
8
tanah
DEI-CP,2009
Preparasi DataContoh Analisis
ion utamaContohair tanah ion utama
di laboratorium
Konsentrasiion utama:Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+,Cl-,SO4
2-,HCO3-
Konversimg/L -> meq/L=m ion/Ar * valensi
P i d t (I Ch B l )Penyaringan data (Ion Charge Balance)(Σ kation - Σ anion) / (Σ kation + Σ anion) x 100%
≤5% diterima ≥5% dikeluarkan
An korelasi An Statistik
9
An.korelasi An.StatistikMultivariabel
DEI-CP,2009
Kondisi Geologi Gunung Ciremai (Situmorang 1995)
U Breksipiroklastik
U
BT
piroklastik
Lava
T
Breksi lahar
SFm. Halang
Fm. Kaliwangu
10DEI-CP,2009
Penampang Geologi Gunung Ciremai (berdasarkan Situmorang 1995, digambar ulang oleh Irawan dkk., 2006)2006)
Morphology: Gradual slope with angle from 10 to 42Deposits: piroklastik fall at higher than 2500 masl, lava 500 -2500 masl dan volcanic breccias at 100 - 500 mdpl. The V l i d it t ti di t
oo Morphology: Sharp slope angle from 10 to 35. Occurrence of old crater rim.Deposits: mainly lava with pyroclastic fall l t th t
o
o
+ +
Piroklastik fall Piroklastik fallPyroclastic fall
Morphology: gradual slope with angle from 10-42o. Deposits: pyroclastic fall at higher than 2500 masl, lava at 500-2500 masl, and
l i b i 100 00 l Th
Morphology: sharp slope from 10 to 35o, occurrence of older crater rimDeposits: mainly lava with pyroclastic fall layers at the top
30o
42o
35o
Volcanic endapans sit on tertiary sediments layers at the top
+
++++
++++
?
Sequence of lava flow++
+
, ,volcanic breccias at 100-500 masl. The volcanic deposits sit on tertiary sediments.
layers at the top
Tertiary sedimentary
U S
10o
15o
10o+?
LaharSedimentaryrock
Lava flowLava flow
++
+ +
+
Lava flowLava flow
sedimentary
rock
Morphology: Gradual angle from 10 to 42with normal faultEndapans: pyroclastic fall at higher than 2000 masl, lava 1250 - 2000 masl dan pyroklastic flow at 500- 1250 masl. The Volcanic deposits sit on tertiary sediments
oo Morphology: Gradual angle from 10 to 42with normal faultDeposits: pyroclastic fall at higher than 2000mdpl, lava 1250 - 2000 mdpl dan piroklastik aliranat 750 - 1250 mdpl. The vulkanikendapans sit on tertiary sedimentary batuans
oo pyroclastic fall pyroclastic fall
Lava flow
++++++
+++++
?
Pyroclastic fallMorphology: gradual angle from 10 to 42o
Deposits: pyroclastic fall at higher than 2000 masl, lava at 1250-2000 masl and pyroclasticflow at 750-1250 masl. The volcanic deposits sit on tertiary sedimentary rocks.
Morphology: gradual slope 10-42o with normal faultDeposits: pyroclastic fall at higher than 2000 masl, lava at 1250-2000 masl, and pyroclastic flow at 500-1250 masl. The volcanic deposits sit on tertiary sediments.
Lava flow
35o
48o
33o
2o
10o
20o
Sequence of Lahar depositsPiroklastik flow
10o
Sequence of lahar depositsPyroclastic flow
11
2o
W EB T
DEI-CP,2009
Model Gunung Api Strato Fuego (Cas dan Wright, 1987)
olc
anic
or
e
cVo
co
Pro
xim
alvo
lcan
ocla
stic
faci
es
icM
edi
al
volc
anoc
last
ifa
cies
Dis
tal
volc
anoc
last
icfa
cie
s
ore
D v f
Off
sho
Model Fuego
G Ciremai
Lavas
Air fall deposits
Pyroclastic debris flow deposits
Fluvial channels
G. Ciremai
12
Hasil Observasi 140 Mata Air
)
16 mata air
si(m
apl)
52 mata air
Ele
vas mata air
72 t imata air
13PiroklastikLavaLahar
DEI-CP,2009
Contoh Skema Geometri Mata Air Depresi(Mata Air Cibulan 544 mapl)(Mata Air Cibulan, 544 mapl)
?
Tampak depan
Tampak samping
Lahar
Elevasi : 544 maplQ : 104 L/d
Air tanah
Q : 104 L/dTDS : 109 ppmEC : 218 μS/cmpH : 7,9T : 24,7 oC
14DEI-CP,2009
Contoh Geometri Mata Air Rekahan(Mata Air Bandorasa, 650 mapl)
1,8 m??
Tampak Tampak
5 m
Elevasi : 650 maplQ 33 7 L/d
Tampak depan
Tampak samping
Tanah pelapukan Q : 33,7 L/dTDS : 108 ppmEC : 216 μS/cmpH : 7T : 22,8 oC
Air tanah
Lahar
Tanah pelapukan
15DEI-CP,2009
Beberapa Contoh Foto Hasil ObservasiLapanganp g
Cigugur Citambak Palutungan Telaga Remis
Cikalamayan Citambak Cikole Cikabuyutan
Cijambu Cijambar Cileles Telaga Remis
16
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