wei yuanyuan nervous system Ⅵ. intellectual function of the brain learning
TRANSCRIPT
WEI YUANYUAN
Nervous system Ⅵ
Intellectual function of the brain
Learning
Classification of memory
Memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
short-term memory:seconds-minsIntermediate-term memory:mins-daysLong-term memory:days-years
Transfer of memory
Declarative memory: retention and recall of conscious experiences that can therefore be put into words
Procedural memory: memory for skilled behaviors independent of any conscious understanding
Amnesia
Loss of memory : Hippocampal Lesions
Retrograde amnesia: refers to inability to recall
memories before onset of amnesia.
Brain Concussions Anterograde amnesia:
refers to the inability to create new memories due to brain damage
Alcoholic intoxication
Mechanism of memory
Synaptic plasticity is the ability of the
connection, or synapse, between two neurons to change in strength in response to either use or disuse of transmission over synaptic pathways.
Mechanism of memory
Structure changes at the synapses during memory
Types of memory
Long - term memory Requirement of activation of specific genes that control
protein synthesis Immediate early genes (IEGs)
ELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN
Electric activity of the brain
Electric activity of the brain
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
The EEG be recorded with Scalp electrodes through the unopened skull or with electrodes on or in the brain.
Alpha Block: Replacement of the alpha rhythm by an asynchronous, low-voltage beta rhythm when opening the eyes.
Epilepsy Seizures
EEG in some special case
SLEEPAND WAKEFULNESS
Sleep
Time needed for sleep
Types of sleep
Characteristics in slow wave sleep (SWS)
Growth hormone ↑
Characteristics in rapid eye movement sleep (REMs)
EEG and sleep
Basic theory of sleep
Sleep is caused by an active inhibitory process
Sleep and wakefulness cycle
Importance of Sleep
Necessary for survival necessary for nervous systems to work
properly.Growth hormone secretion increase in SWS important for the infants growth and physical
restorative process of adultDuring REM, brain blood flow and protein
synthesis increase, and it is important for the mental development of infants and long-term memory and mental restoration in adults.
Daily sleep requirements decline with age
What Happens if We are Deprived of Sleep
Lack of alertnessFatigueMemory problemsIrritabilityDepressionLack of motivationAccidents
Tips for Getting a Good Night’s Sleep
Avoid caffeine and alcohol after dinnerKeep a routine lifeDon’t nap during the dayDon’t go to bed hungry or right after eatingExerciseStop smoking
Summary
Dominant hemisphereEEGParadoxical sleep