westward expansion, indian removal act, and manifest destiny

Westward Expansion, Westward Expansion, Indian Removal Act, and Indian Removal Act, and

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion

Began after the creation of the Northwest Began after the creation of the Northwest Territory (1785)Territory (1785)

By 1850, United States had acquired all of By 1850, United States had acquired all of its present-day territoryits present-day territory


Northwest TerritoryNorthwest Territory IllinoisIllinois MichiganMichigan WisconsinWisconsin IndianaIndiana OhioOhio Part of MinnesotaPart of Minnesota


Louisiana Purchase:Louisiana Purchase: Alabama and Mississippi south of the parallel Alabama and Mississippi south of the parallel

of 31°; all of of 31°; all of LouisianaLouisiana, , ArkansasArkansas, , OklahomaOklahoma, , Indian TerritoryIndian Territory, Missouri, Missouri, , NebraskaNebraska, , IowaIowa, , North DakotaNorth Dakota, , South DakotaSouth Dakota, and , and MontanaMontana; ; Minnesota, west of the MississippiMinnesota, west of the Mississippi; ; Colorado Colorado and Wyoming, east of the Rocky Mountainsand Wyoming, east of the Rocky Mountains; ; and and KansasKansas, with the exception of the , with the exception of the southwestern corner. southwestern corner.


Lewis & Clark Expedition (Corps of Lewis & Clark Expedition (Corps of Discovery)Discovery)

1803-18081803-1808 Given the task to survey and explore the Given the task to survey and explore the

Louisiana Territory. (Louisiana Purchase)Louisiana Territory. (Louisiana Purchase)


Lewis & Clark Expedition:Lewis & Clark Expedition: Supplies: Supplies:

http://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/inside/idhttp://www.pbs.org/lewisandclark/inside/idx_equ.htmlx_equ.html


Lewis & Clark ExpeditionLewis & Clark Expedition Goals:Goals:

Explore all waterways for commerceExplore all waterways for commerce Collect Scientific DataCollect Scientific Data Obtain U.S. Sovereignty within the territory Obtain U.S. Sovereignty within the territory


1819:1819: FloridaFlorida

1821:1821: States of States of WashingtonWashington, , OregonOregon, , IdahoIdaho, and the , and the

western part of Wyomingwestern part of Wyoming. The boundary . The boundary between the States of Washington and Idaho, between the States of Washington and Idaho, on one side, and Canada, on the other, was on one side, and Canada, on the other, was finally determined in finally determined in 18481848. .


1845:1845: TexasTexas

1848: Mexican-American War:1848: Mexican-American War: States of California, Nevada, and Utah, and a States of California, Nevada, and Utah, and a

large part of Arizona and New Mexico, and large part of Arizona and New Mexico, and part of Colorado.part of Colorado.


18531853 Gadsden PurchaseGadsden Purchase

• United States bought from Mexico a strip of land, United States bought from Mexico a strip of land, now forming that part of Arizona and New Mexico now forming that part of Arizona and New Mexico

18671867 Alaska TerritoryAlaska Territory

18971897 Hawaii TerritoryHawaii Territory


United States acquired all land through:United States acquired all land through: Northwest TerritoryNorthwest Territory Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase War of 1812War of 1812 Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act Mexican-American WarMexican-American War Treaties with Britain, France, Russia, Mexico, Treaties with Britain, France, Russia, Mexico,

CanadaCanada

Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

Addressed longstanding conflicts with Addressed longstanding conflicts with Indians in the SouthIndians in the South

1800:1800: Creeks – AlabamaCreeks – Alabama Seminoles – FloridaSeminoles – Florida Choctaws & Chickasaws – MississippiChoctaws & Chickasaws – Mississippi Cherokee – Mountains of Georgia, Cherokee – Mountains of Georgia,

Tennessee, North CarolinaTennessee, North Carolina


Each Indian Group controlled land that Each Indian Group controlled land that was protected by treaties with the federal was protected by treaties with the federal and state governmentsand state governments

Whites settlers moved onto Indian lands Whites settlers moved onto Indian lands illegally.illegally.

Whites fought with Indians and demanded Whites fought with Indians and demanded the treaties with the Indians be brokenthe treaties with the Indians be broken


States had no way of preventing settlers States had no way of preventing settlers from moving westward onto Indian landfrom moving westward onto Indian land

President Andrew Johnson solved President Andrew Johnson solved problem by with the Indian Removal Act.problem by with the Indian Removal Act. Act passed into law by 1 vote!!!Act passed into law by 1 vote!!!

Indians had to exchange their land for land Indians had to exchange their land for land in the west.in the west.


Indians sent to what would become Indians sent to what would become OklahomaOklahoma

Some Indians moved peacefully, other Some Indians moved peacefully, other fought back.fought back.


North Carolina’s Cherokee sued the North Carolina’s Cherokee sued the federal government.federal government. They claimed they had a right to stayThey claimed they had a right to stay

• The Cherokee won the lawsuitThe Cherokee won the lawsuit

2 Key Advantages to Winning2 Key Advantages to Winning Many owned land that was privately boughtMany owned land that was privately bought

• Only tribal land given by the federal government Only tribal land given by the federal government could fall under the Indian Removal Actcould fall under the Indian Removal Act

North Carolina’s leaders were not very North Carolina’s leaders were not very interested in removing the Cherokeeinterested in removing the Cherokee


Trail of Tears (1838)Trail of Tears (1838) 17,000 Cherokee & 2,000 Slaves from 17,000 Cherokee & 2,000 Slaves from

Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama and Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama and Tennessee set out for Oklahoma.Tennessee set out for Oklahoma.

4,000 died on the way to Oklahoma4,000 died on the way to Oklahoma

Around 1,000 came back to North Carolina Around 1,000 came back to North Carolina after the lawsuit was won.after the lawsuit was won.


Idea in the United States that said:Idea in the United States that said: Americans had a mandate from God to Americans had a mandate from God to

spread across the continentspread across the continent• Religion, Technology, Civilization.Religion, Technology, Civilization.


This Idea led to the purchase of:This Idea led to the purchase of: Texas TerritoryTexas Territory Oregon TerritoryOregon Territory California Territory, including Arizona, California Territory, including Arizona,

Nevada, Utah, New MexicoNevada, Utah, New Mexico Manifest Destiny also led the United Manifest Destiny also led the United

States into the Mexican-American War States into the Mexican-American War and countless wars with Native and countless wars with Native Americans.Americans.


Unintentional Effect of Manifest Destiny –Unintentional Effect of Manifest Destiny –

Sectional Tensions regarded SLAVERYSectional Tensions regarded SLAVERY

By 1820s, All Northern had Abolished SlaveryBy 1820s, All Northern had Abolished Slavery

When the United States acquired new territories, When the United States acquired new territories, Congress had to decided if Slavery would be Congress had to decided if Slavery would be allowed in them or not.allowed in them or not. Why is this a problem?Why is this a problem?

westward expansion, indian removal act, and manifest destiny

Documents

louisiana territory

louisiana purchase slide

presentday territory

minnesota slide

states of washington

states of california

manifest destiny slide

new mexicounited states