wfma j.;+

41
01. ku# G. .x.dks uOqixLd fmfrard. k. bfraId l+udrs. 02. mdi,# n$fyd$fodUf.dv iS,r;k uyd jsoHd,h. 03. fYa%Ksh# 09 fYa%Ksh A.

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wfma j.;+. 01 . ku# G. .x.dks uOqixLd fmfrard . k. bfraId l+udrs . 02 . mdi,# n$fyd$fodUf.dv iS,r;k uyd jsoHd,h . 03 . fYa%Ksh# 09 fYa%Ksh A. wdhqfndajka. fus mrsirh fld;rus fidoqreo@. bf.k .ksuq. iajNdOrauh hkq . P.;a nsfhdau . i;+kaf.a f,dalhg msjsfiuq . - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: wfma j.;+

01. ku# G. .x.dks uOqixLd fmfrard.

k. bfraId l+udrs.

02. mdi,# n$fyd$fodUf.dv iS,r;k uyd jsoHd,h.

03. fYa%Ksh# 09 fYa%Ksh A.

Page 2: wfma j.;+
Page 3: wfma j.;+
Page 4: wfma j.;+

iajNdOrauh hkq.

P.;a nsfhdau.

i;+kaf.a f,dalhg msjsfiuq.

fjsfYaIdKa;rkh.

ffPj jsjsO;ajfhka wE;ajk i;+ka.

usksidf.a jsjsO;aj.

Page 5: wfma j.;+

fidndOrauh jsiska wmg ,nd oS we;s fidªre jQ fus mrsirh jsjsO;ajhlskahqla;fjs.

Page 6: wfma j.;+

wm jsfkdao pdrsldjla .shjsg mrsirfha we;s jsjsO ia:dk yuqfjs

tajd iuyrla" usrsosh fmdl+Kq.

uqyq¥ fjr<la.

lfvd,dk j.+rla.

fldr,a mr.

f;;a ksjra;k jkdka;rhla† isxy rdPh jeks ‡

jsh<s jkdka;rhla †hd, js,am;a;+j jeks ‡

Page 7: wfma j.;+

t jeks mrsirj, fjfik i;=ka yd Ydl tlaj ie,l+jsg mrsir moaO;shla f,i ie,lshyel

ta jdfhao jsjsO;ajhla we;

Wod›foaY.+Ksl idOlw;ska jsjsOh

fjfik i;+ka yd Ydlo jsjsOh

Page 8: wfma j.;+

mrsirh iqkaorlrk u,a

Page 9: wfma j.;+

fusjd w;ska n,k jsg mD:Sjsh iuia;hla f,i mrsir moaO;s jsjsO;ajhla oelsh yel'

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c.;a nsfhdau lshkafka fudkjdo@

ta lshkafka jsYd, m%foaYhla mqrd me;sfrk jsYd, mrsir

moaO;shla ;uhs c.;a nsfhdauhla lshkafka

fussjdf. fndfyda tajd rgj,a lsysmhla yryd me;srs hkjd

Page 12: wfma j.;+

tajdg ksoiqka lsysmhla fus"

ksjra;k fudaius jkdka;r ^Tropicol Monson Forest&

ijdkd ;K nsus ^Savannas&

ksjdra;k ldka;dr ^Tropical Deserts &

fla;+Or jkdka;r ^Coniferous Forest &

;+ka¯ m%foaY ^Tundra &

Page 13: wfma j.;+

mrsirfha iqkaor;ajh rijsosuq

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Page 15: wfma j.;+

talu

mrs

ir

moa

O;shl

jqjo

jsjsO

i;aj

yd Y

dl jsfY

aY

we;. t

kus

mrs

ir

moa

O;sj, ff

cj

jsfYa

I

jsjsO

;Ajh

la

we;.

Page 16: wfma j.;+

ffcj jsfYaI w;r fu;rus jsjsO;ajhla mj;skafka whs@

cSjSka w;r ;u ffcj wjYH;d i|yd ks;r ;rÕhla mj;sk nj wm oksuq. Ydl f,dalh ms<sno fudfyd;la wm

is;d n,uq .

bv

c,h

wdf,dalh

fmdaImdodra:

hk mrsirfhka imqrd .;hq;+ wjYH;d i|yd Ydl w;r ;rÕhla mj;s.

Page 17: wfma j.;+
Page 18: wfma j.;+

i;=ka ms<sn|o wms fidhd n,uq

wdydr

jdiia:dk

wdrÌdj

iylrejka $ iyldrshka ysuslr .eksu

Page 19: wfma j.;+

by; i|yka wjYH;d i|yd i;+ka w;r ;r.h wju lr .ksuska m%Yia;

ugsgusaka fuu wjYH;d imqrd .eksu i|yd i;+ka w;ro tlskatlg fjkia

wkaofus fkdfhla yev.eisus we; csjska w;r jsjsO;ajhla we;s lsrsug n,mdk fujeks fkdfhla yev.eisus

wkqjra;k

f,i y¥kajuq.

Page 20: wfma j.;+

ksoiqkla f,i mfia we;s c,h ms<sn| j Ydl w;r ;r.h wju lsrSu i|yd we;s tla wkqjra;khla i,ldn,uq.

Page 21: wfma j.;+

Ydl uq,a ;+, wdydr .nvdlr;snSu

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fjsIdka;rKh hkq"

mrsirfha iajdNdjhg fyda jraK rgdjg fyda wKqrEm f,i i;+kaf.a isrefra iajdNdjh fyda

jraK jraK rgdjg .e,mS ;snsu fjsIdKa;r ^Comouflage)

W¯d )

Page 24: wfma j.;+

fjsYdKa;r j,g WodyrK n,uq

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lgqiaid mrsirfhaos foay jraKh fjkia lruska reljrKh ,nhs f.d¥re w,a,d.ks.

iuk< lSghd Ydl u; isgsk jsg y¥kd .eksug fkdyels fia jraKj;aj we;.

iramhkaf.a foay ks;ru Psj;a jk mrsirfha jraKfhka hqla; fjs.

Ys; rgj, fjfik iuyr i;=ka Ys; iD;=fjs os iq¥ mdg fjs.

Page 27: wfma j.;+

vhsfkdairhka

f,duueu;a

fvdfvd mlIshd

Page 28: wfma j.;+

we; uSg jir us,shk 225 lg muK fmr isg mD:sjsh u; vhsfkdafidarakus fhdaOWr. ldKavdhla jsish oekg jir us,shk 65 lg muK fmroS Tjqka uqˆukskau usys;,fhka j|js f.dia vhsfkdairhka j| jShdug ;+vq¥ka fya;+

jsYd, W,aldmd; lvdjegSu

wdydr fkd,ensu ksid

Page 29: wfma j.;+

ussg jir 15000lg fmr uyd ihsnsrshdfjs ;eks;,dfjs ‰ja;a jq f,dau ueu;a oekg jojSf.dia

we;s if;ls. W;+re ihsnSrshdfjs whsia ;gsgq hgska fudjqka f.a f*dis, yuq jS we;.

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ffPj jsfYaI j|jShdug ;+vq¥ka fya;+.

jix.; frda..

¥m;a .s,dneiSu.

P, .e,Sus.

,ejs .sks.

kdh hEus.

N+us lusmd.

.sks lª msmsrSus.

Page 31: wfma j.;+

j|jshdug bv we;s i;+ka

j| js hEu ms<sn| j wjodkulaoekg ke;s kuq;a ixLHdj iS>%fhka wvqjSf.k hk PSjS jsYaI fuu ldKavhg jefgs.

Page 32: wfma j.;+

j| jShefus ;raPkhg ,la jqPSjSka

j| jS hdug fndfyda wdikak ugsgula olajd ixLHdj wvq jS we;s PSjSka fuu ldKavhg jefgs.

Page 33: wfma j.;+

f,dalfha oekg we;s Ydl yd i;aj jsfYaI us,shk 12.5%l m%udKfhka 50% - 90% w;r m%udKhla mj;skafka f;;a ksjra;k jkdka;rj, h.

miq.sh jir 2000l ld,h ;+, f,dalfha isgs mlaIs jsfYaI ixLHdfjka 1$4 muK usksid ksidjskdY jsh. b;srs mlaIs jsfYAI ixLHdfjka 11% la, laISrmdhskaf.aka 34%la, WNhPSjskaf.aka 25%, Wr.hkaf.ka 20%la j|jshEfus ;raPkhg ,lajS we;.

f,dalfha oekg yªkdf.k we;s Ydl jsfYaI 270000lska 33798la^12.5%la& j| jShEfus ;raPkhg ,lajS we;.

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usksiqkaf.a jsfYaI jsjsO;aj

Page 36: wfma j.;+

tlska tlg fjkia jsjsO foaY.+Ksl ld,dmj, Psj;ajsu ioyd usksiaiq w;r we;s m%fNokj, jsjsO;ajh b;d jeo.;a fjs.

Page 37: wfma j.;+

PSjSkaf.a isrer iEoS we;af;a ffi,j,sks. ffi, kHIagsh ;+< jraKfoay msysgd we;. fuu jraKfoay u; Pdkmsysghs. PSjSkaf.a fkdhl+;a wdfjsKsl .;s ,laIK md,kh jkafka o tajd mrmqfrka mrmqrg f.k hkq ,nkafka o Pdk u.sks .

Page 38: wfma j.;+

ta jdg ksoiqka

P.;ansfhdau ms<sn|

mrsirh jsjsO;ajhlska hqla;nj

jsfYaI jsjsO;aj yd tajdg ksoiqka

i;+ka yd Ydlj, wkqjra;k

fjsIdKa;rk ms<sn|

j|jShk i;+ka ms<sn|

usksiqkaf.a jsfYaI;aj

Page 39: wfma j.;+

rEm tl;+j

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Wmqgd .ekSus. 2007 9fYa%Ksh jsoHdj fm, fmd;.

Microsoft Encarta.

wka;raPd,fhka.

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