what really is mixed waste processing? - swana - atlantic ......april 27 – 29, 2016 overview of...

8th Canadian Waste Resources SymposiumApril 27 – 29, 2016

What really is mixed waste processing?

Tej Gidda, PhD PEng | PrincipalMike Muffels, MSc PEng | Senior EngineerApril 2016


Overview of Presentation

• Introduction

• Example facilities

• Design to objectives

• MWP vs. source separation

• Single vs. multi-family


FirstWord second thirdIntroduction


Introduction to mixed waste processing (MWP)

• MWP is a process, a series of sorting and treatment technologies• Encompasses advanced mixed MRF, dirty MRF and MBT• Diversion: 5-70% - depends on what counts as diversion and quality of outputs

MechanicalSorting

• Size• Shape• Density• Colour• Metals• Manual

Treatment

• Compost• Anaerobic

Digestion• Biostabilization• Steam

MSW,ResidualWaste

Energy

StabilizedOrganics

FuelPlastic

Metal

Glass,Inerts


FirstWord second thirdExample facilities


Halifax experience at Otter Lake Landfill

• Front End Processing (FEP) and Waste Stabilization Facility (WSF)• Designed to minimize odours• Integral to environmental permits


Infinitus Renewable Energy Park (IREP)

Source: http://www.usmayors.org/mwma/uploads/Infinitus_Presentation_Montgomery.pdf



• Size: BHS Debris Roll Screen• Density: Nihot Single Drum Separator

• Uses air to separate high calorific lightmaterials

• Dimension: BHS Polishing Screen• 3-D objects (cans, bottles) fall down screen,

flat objects move up/over

• Molecular Content: NRT SpydIR™• Near infrared light and camera detection

analyze material composition, air jets ejecttarget material

• Claim 85% recovery of recyclablesSource: http://www.usmayors.org/mwma/uploads/Infinitus_Presentation_Montgomery.pdf/, photo:zerowasteenergy.com



• Montgomery, AL will likely take over 225,000 tpy $35M dirty MRFcenter and possibly convert to SSRM MRF

• The "dirty MRF" site shut down in October 2015, just over a yearafter launching, leaving 100 people unemployed — with plummetingcommodities values responsible for the operation’s demise,according to Montgomery spokesperson Michael Briddell

Source: Arlene Karidis, wastedive.com Feb 17, 2016, photo from http://infinitus-energy.com/featured-project/


Delaware County, NY Solid Waste Management Center

• Operating since 2005• Components of the fully enclosed MSW co-composting facility

include:• Waste recovery area for MSW, biosolids, and liquid waste• Capacity of 35,000 tpy for MSW and 6500 tpy for biosolids• 48m rotating drum bioreactor• Primary refining and sorting area• Maturation area for 56 days of compost processing• Enclosed secondary refining system to remove inorganic matter• Compost storage and curing area for 90 days• Biofilter and complete odor control system


Other example projects

• 2009 inventory identified 55 dirty MRFs in the US. In 2013, halfidentified in 2009 still processing mixed waste. Many have reducedthe proportion of mixed waste. (May 29, 2013 Metro Van Staff Report)

• Indianapolis: $45M facility on-hold, reassessing options/litigation

• Houston: $1M grant in 2013, progress slow, contract negotiations

• Baltimore: Jan. 11/16 RFP for two 250,000 tpy high diversionMRFs, moving away from source separation• Min. diversion 40%, must recover: Mixed Paper, OCC/Browns, PET, PE

Natural, PE Colored, Mixed Plastics, Ferrous, Non-Ferrous, Films

• Allowance for organics in the future


FirstWord second thirdDesign to objectives


Design to objectives

• What counts as diversion where you live?• Understand output market and quality requirements!


Design to objectives

• Recyclables (1.5-25%) – contamination | commodity markets– e.g. Infinitus Energy IREP, Baltimore (first phase)

• Organics (15-25%) – contamination | fertilizer & land application rules– e.g. Delaware County, NY

• Solid Fuel (45-55%) - RDF | SRF for cement kilns & WTE plants– e.g. Ventspils, Latvia and Covanta/Indianapolis

• Energy – biogas is a secondary benefit / additional revenue– Common in Europe with strong electricity or renewable natural gas markets


Organics challenges

• Environmental/Health Risks• Chemical contamination (heavy metals)• Physical contamination (glass, plastic)• Variability in quality• Existing regulations (i.e. cannot apply to agricultural land in EU)

Uses for Compost-LikeOrganics

• Landfill cover• Mine reclamation


FirstWord second thirdMWP vs. source separation


MWP vs. source separation

Factors to Consider• Diversion rate achieved vs. target• What counts as diversion• Single vs. multi-family homes• Residential vs. ICI• Collections (existing vs. future)• Traffic congestion• Quality of recovered materials

(recyclables, organics, etc)• Regulations• Cap and trade | GHGs• Cultural: rate payer preferences


Collection is expensive

Source: CCME, 2014. State of Solid Waste Management in Canada

perc

apita


FirstWord second thirdSingle vs. Multi-Family


Single vs. Multi-Family

• Single detached homes are on thedecline in Toronto and parts GTA.

• This trend is common to manyjurisdictions across Canada and theUS

• Gap in diversion rates betweenSingle Family Homes and Multi-Family Homes

• More recyclable/organic materialmoving to a harder to capturehousing market


Multi-Family – Potential Case for MWP

• The challenge:– Increased urban growth– Higher levels of contamination– Participation levels may be low– Retrofits required– Some older buildings may be

exempt from future sourceseparation programs

– Existing traffic congestion

Composting Tunnel,Avonmouth, UK, MBT

anaerobic digesters and gasholding tank, Bredbury, UK


www.ghd.com

what really is mixed waste processing? - swana - atlantic ......april 27 – 29, 2016 overview of...

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