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  • Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons
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Page 1: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons
Page 2: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

Why do atoms form bonds?Why do atoms form bonds?

To attain a noble gas configuration.

How do atoms form bonds?How do atoms form bonds?

By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons.

Gain or loss of electrons ionic bondingSharing of electrons Sharing of electrons covalent bonding covalent bonding

Page 3: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

Covalent BondingCovalent Bonding

• Results from the attraction between the nucleus on one atom and the electrons on another atom.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.accd.edu/spc/natsci/chemistry/common/ImagePage_files/covalent1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.accd.edu/spc/natsci/chemistry/common/imagepage.htm&h=1021&w=553&sz=87&tbnid=CaAsP-PxH74J:&tbnh=148&tbnw=80&start=45&p
Page 4: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

The electrons are shared, but not transferred.

Often formed between 2 nonmetal atoms of the same element.

If Attractions are If Attractions are greater than greater than Repulsions, a Repulsions, a bond is formed.bond is formed.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/2045/change/C9F13.GIF&imgrefurl=http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/2045/lectures/lec_13.html&h=480&w=640&sz=32&tbnid=p37TsuAthNcJ:&tbnh=101&tbnw=135&start=177&prev=/images?q=covalent+bonding&star
Page 5: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

Potential Energy vs. Internuclear DistancePotential Energy vs. Internuclear Distance

Low energy Low energy High stabilityHigh stabilityBonding SystemsBonding Systems

Non-Bonding Systems

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/2045/change/C9F13.GIF&imgrefurl=http://itl.chem.ufl.edu/2045/lectures/lec_13.html&h=480&w=640&sz=32&tbnid=p37TsuAthNcJ:&tbnh=101&tbnw=135&start=177&prev=/images?q=covalent+bonding&star
Page 6: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

Different ways of representing a Different ways of representing a covalent bond.covalent bond.

Compounds with covalent bonds Compounds with covalent bonds are molecular!are molecular!

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.webchem.net/images/bonds/covale5.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.webchem.net/notes/chemical_bonding/covalent_bonding.htm&h=399&w=272&sz=4&tbnid=v92i-bp_ZbAJ:&tbnh=119&tbnw=81&start=6&prev=/images?q=covalent%252
http://wine1.sb.fsu.edu/chm1045/notes/Bonding/Covalent/Bond04.htm
http://wine1.sb.fsu.edu/chm1045/notes/Bonding/Covalent/Bond04.htm
Page 7: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

Recognizing covalent formulasRecognizing covalent formulas

• Covalent bonding occurs between nonmetal atoms.

• Formulas contain nonmetals.

Page 8: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

Identify Bond Type from FormulaIdentify Bond Type from Formula

CHCH44 CuCu SOSO22

NaClNaCl HH22OO CsFCsF

MgMg NaNa22SS LiLi33NN

COCO22 AgAg AuAu

CaBrCaBr22 AlAl22OO33 CHCH33OHOH

AlAl NN22OO55 ZnOZnO

CovalCoval

CovalCoval

CovalCoval

CovalCoval

CovalCoval

CovalCoval

IonicIonic

IonicIonic

IonicIonic

IonicIonic

IonicIonic

IonicIonic

IonicIonic

MetalMetal

MetalMetal

MetalMetal MetalMetal

MetalMetal

Page 9: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons
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Page 10: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons
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Page 11: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

MMaking a bond aking a bond LLiberates energy!iberates energy!

Separate AtomsSeparate Atoms

MoleculeMolecule

http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/FG12_01.JPG
Page 12: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

A + B A + B AB + energy AB + energy

• A and B are both atoms

• AB is a molecule

• In this particular case, no bonds are broken and one bond is formed.

• Energy is released.

• The reaction is exothermic.

Page 13: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

A + B A + B AB + energy AB + energy

• A bond is formed & energy is released.

• AB has less potential energy than A + B.

• AB is more stable than A + B

Page 14: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

BBreaking a Bond reaking a Bond AAbbsorbs Energy!sorbs Energy!

Page 15: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

CD + energy CD + energy C + D C + D

• CD is a molecule; C and D are atoms.

• One bond is broken; no bonds are formed.

• This reaction is endothermic.

• C and D have higher potential energy than CD.

Page 16: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

Structure of Covalent CompoundsStructure of Covalent Compounds

• They form molecules.

• The more reactants you have, the more molecules you can make.

Page 17: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

Representations of MoleculesRepresentations of Molecules

Space-filling modelSpace-filling model Ball-and-stick modelBall-and-stick model

Ball-and-stick Ball-and-stick and electron and electron cloudcloud

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.webchem.net/images/bonds/covale5.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.webchem.net/notes/chemical_bonding/covalent_bonding.htm&h=399&w=272&sz=4&tbnid=v92i-bp_ZbAJ:&tbnh=119&tbnw=81&start=6&prev=/images?q=covalent%252
Page 18: Why do atoms form bonds? To attain a noble gas configuration. How do atoms form bonds? By gaining, losing, or sharing electrons. Gain or loss of electrons

Representations of MoleculesRepresentations of Molecules

Lewis Structures of ReactionLewis Structures of Reaction

HH22 = Molecular Formula = Molecular Formula

H-H = Structural Formula. H-H = Structural Formula.

- Represents 1 pair of electrons.- Represents 1 pair of electrons.


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