Wisp Project 2009

SUDANShu Xian

Liu Chin

Yue Yang

Benjamin Teo

Jun Jie

T38

Contents• Overview of Sudan, Darfur 2003

- Instances of discrimination and prejudice- Factors triggered the conflict- Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur

• Singapore Perspective- Similarities and differences - Singapore 2009 and 2061

• Problems and Challenges for 2061

Ethnicity of Sudan 2003

Northern Sudan: ArabsMinority are nomadic Arabs (mainly in North

Darfur)

Southern Sudan: non-Arabs and AfricansVast majority are Africans who are

Intentionally marginalized

History

Independence of SudanPower was directly distribute to northern Arab elitesTriggered a frustration in the South.Sudan becomes more “Arabized”

Before 2003Nomadic Arabs attempted to occupy conventional Fur lands

Opposition Armed Groups Non-Arabs and Africans tribes Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)

• Government of Sudan’s reaction Armed militias known as Janjaweed Recruited Darfur’s landless Arab tribes

Forces in Sudan

• 25 April 2003

SLA and JEM attacked Sudan’s government air base in North Darfur

Seized a large amount of ammunition and weapons

Timeline of Darfur 2003

Instances of discrimination and prejudice in Darfur

-According to Agence France-Presse, “that a decades-long civil war in Sudan has led to ‘growing and persistent reports of enslavement of Africans by Arabs, genocide in the Nuba Mountains area, and ethnic cleansing in the Blue Nile area” (AFP, August 30, 2001).

-The release of the paper, by the UN Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) and entitled "Race, discrimination, slavery and citizenship in the Afro-Arab borderlands", was timed to coincide with the UN conference on racism starting Friday in Durban, South Africa.

Religion.

Race.

Factors which triggered the ethnic conflict

Geographical Features.

Historical and Ethnographic Factors.

Factors which triggered the ethnic conflict - cont’d

The massive killing of the people in Darfur.

Indirectly acceleration of conflict.

Global society intervention.

What happens when governments involve in the racial problems

• Social inequality

• Prejudices leading to discrimination

• Other important social, economic, environmental and political factors.

Elements that led to the fracture of Darfur

Northern Sudan Arabs monopolize the resources in Sudan

Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur - Social inequality

•Government supported prejudiced led to extreme discrimination

•Different languages and had different lifestyle.

Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur -Prejudices

leading to discrimination

• Economic China

-Play a role as a businessman for oil

• Environmental - Natural resources distribution

Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur - Other important factors

• Political factors. China

-Essence(oil), weapon, ideology (a form of neo-colonism)

Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur - Other important factors cont’d

• Political factors.

USA-Essence(oil), weapon, ideology

Regime interference

Neo- colonism

Elements that led to the social fracture in Darfur - Other important factors cont’d

Let’s Compare

Ethnic Differences: 4 Main Races & More than 10 Religion

Conflicts: Man- Made Disasters

Similarities

GAPS• Good Governance

• Mutual Respect

• Good living conditions

In Focus • Ethnic residential quotas in HDB blocks

• Killing two birds with a stone

• Conversation of Nationality increased

Future Singapore

Mas Selamat Issue

• Conflict was intense

• Muslim being prejudice

• Received unnecessary stares; hurt

Similar Prejudice & Discrimination which give Rise to Social Divisions

in Singapore

What Will Happen in 2061 in Singapore?

• Distrust Among People

• Social disorders

• Government loses it’s citizen

• Tourism Industry Affected; Economy Crisis

SolutionsUnited Nation (UN)

• Seek help on recommend methods to disputes.

• Peace keeping forces.

Neighboring Countries• Lend a helping hand in times of

need.

• Their experience on how the problem can be solved

Curfews• No late nights.

• Certain timing of the day everyone should stay home.

Setbacks

• The United Nations(UN) is slow in taking action.

• Surrounded by Muslim Neighboring countries.

Alternatives• Self-este

em

hypoth

esis

• Contact hypothesis

• Legal hypothesis

Self-esteem Hypothesis

• With proper education, we can differentiate right from wrong.

• Higher confidence level, lesser prejudices.

Contact Hypothesis• Bringing people of different races

together, to share about their experience, to interact.

• Learn how to appreciate each other benefits and misfortunes.

Legal Hypothesis

• By enforcing legal actions against those who discriminates.

ConclusionNobody is Perfect

Play our Part, be it big or Small.

The world would be a better place

Happy 44th Birthday Singapore

References

CliffsNotes.com. Prejudice and Discrimination. 13 Jul 2009 from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26886.html

Detroit Gale. (2009). Darfur. Global Issues in Context Online Collection. Retrieved 18 June 2009 from http://find.galegroup.com/gic/docRetrieve.do?inPS=true&searchPageType=BasicSearchForm&prodId=GIC&docId=CP3208520033&userGroupName=ngeeann

Genocide in Sudan. (2008). Encyclopedia of Race and Racism. (Vol.2). Retrieved on July 11, 2009 from Global Issues in Context Perspective on International News and Events.

Kishore Mahbubani. (2009). Can Singapore fail? The straits Time. Retrieved 15 June 2009 from http://www.asiaone.com/News/AsiaOne%2BNews/Asian%2BOpinions/Story/A1Story20090325-130978.html

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