wl/ibb/e - unt digital library/67531/metadc... · process [6] and the transient collisional...

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SIMULATION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL AND NONLINEAR HARMOyCOUTPUT FROM AN FEL AMPLIFIER WITH A SOFT X-RAY SEED L

S. G. Biedron~, H. P. FreundTT, Y. Li, and S.V. Milton 4&6‘e~~Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois 60439 e~8JJ$@4 ~

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Abstract

A single-pass, high-gain free-electron laser (FEL) x-rayamplifier was simulated using the 3D, polychromaticsimulation code MEDUSA. The seed for the system is atable-top, soft x-ray laser. The simulated fundamental andnonlinear harmonic x-ray output wavelengths arediscussed.

1 INTRODUCTION

In a high-gain, single-pass free-electron laser (FEL)amplifier, the input seed laser determines the outputwavelength. Nonlinear harmonic interactions in free-electron lasers have been previously discussed in theliterature [1-4]. Previous amplifier systems have beenlimited in reaching soft x-ray wavelengths due to theavailable seed laser wavelengths. More recently, theadvent of table-top, soft x-ray lasers [5] have opened thepossibility of using this seed in a master oscillator poweramplifier (MOPA) arrangement. Combined with thenonlinear harmonics, significantly shorter longitudinallycoherent wavelengths can be achieved. In this paper, the3D, polychromatic FEL simulation code MEDUSA [3,4]will be used to examine a soft x-ray, table-top laser as theseed in an amplifier FEL. In addition, the resultingnonlinear harmonic power in the system will be discussed.

2 REVIEW OF THEORY

2.1High-Gain, Single-Pass Free-ElectronLasers

In a seeded high-gain, single-pass FEL, the seed laser isinjected into an undulator in synchronization with a high-quality electron beam (low emittance and energy spread,high peak current, mostly uniform in the transverse andlongitudinal planes). As the name suggests, the input seedlaser is amplified by the coupling between the radiationand the transverse electron motion. The gain of the system

* Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy,Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38.t Argonne and MAX-Lab, University of Lund, Lund S-~21 00 Sweden

H Pemment address, SAIC, McLean VA 22102

depends upon the quality of the beams and undulator”well as the relative arrival time of the electron and laserbeams. The ID resonance condition for this FELinteraction is k ~ =XU(1+K2 /2)/2y2, where &is theseed laser and output radiation wavelength, k” is theundulator period, ‘y is the relativistic factor for theelectron beam, and K is the undulator parameterK = 0.9377Buku [T-cm], for the magnetic field Bu .

A seed laser is not necessary to create a high-gain,single-pass FEL, as the spontaneous radiation shot noisewill also couple to the electron beam and beginmicrobunching. Saturation will be achieved if sut%cientundulator periods are traversed. This phenomenon isknown as self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE).As SASE starts up from noise, the output is also noisy. Ina MOPA arrangement, however, the output is more stableand can be fully longitudinally coherent.

2.2 Table-Top, Soft X-ray Lasers

Recently, the developments in table-top, soft x-raylasers have proved a possible seed source for MOPAsystems [5]. These table-top x-ray lasers use a variety ofhigh temperature plasma media, with lasing wavelengthsfrom 12 to 60 nm. One of the more versatile methods ofgenerating such table-top x-ray lasers involves thecombined use of a chirped pulse amplification (CPA)process [6] and the transient collisional excitation (TCE)scheme [7]. In TCE, a long, low-intensity laser pulse isused to generate a plasma on a target. Next, this plasma isheated briefly by an ultra-short, high-intensity laser pulse.Such heating causes a population inversion in neon- ornickel-like ions. Saturated laser output at a table-top scalefrom 33 nm down to 12 am has been achieved with thesesystems [8,9].

2.3Nonlinear Harmonic Generation

Harmonics of the fundamental are present in FELs. Assaturation is approached, the bunching occurring at thefundamental due to the interaction of the radiation andelectrons causes nonlinear growth of higher harmonics [l-4]. Due to the natural motion of the electron beam in aplanar undulator system, however, odd harmonics arepreferentially generated in the forward direction. The gainlengths of the harmonics vary in inverse proportion to theharmonic number. They also allow multiple-wavelengthIasing in FEL systems employing planar undulatorsystems.

The s.brnitted manuscript has been created by the University of Chicago m Operator of Argonne NJtional Laboratory (“Argonne”) under Conuact No, W-31-109-ENG-38with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U ,S, Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in saidiulicle [o reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.

DISCLAIMER

This report was,.prepared as an account of work sponsoredby an agency of the United States Government. Neitherthe United States Government nor any agency thereof, norany of their employees, make any warranty, express orimplied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility forthe accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of anyinformation, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, orrepresents that its use would not infringe privately ownedrights. Reference herein to any specific commercialproduct, process, or service by trade name, trademark,manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constituteor imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring bythe United States Government or any agency thereof. Theviews and opinions of authors expressed herein do notnecessarily state or reflect those of the United StatesGovernment or any agency thereof.

DISCLAIMER

Portions of this document may be illegiblein electronic image products. Images areproduced from the best available originaldocument.

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THE EVOLUTION OF ANL CMT GLOVEBOXES

INTRODUCTION

‘ Argonne National Laboratory

● Chemical Technology Division (CMT)

● Modular Gloveboxes Designed forExperimental Work

– Laboratory Scale

– Engineering Scale

● Experimental Work Includes Equipmentand Process Development for:

—

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Pyrochemical

Nuclear Waste Treatment

Electrochemistry

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HISTORY

● The First ANL-CMT Division ModularGlovebox was Designed and Installedin 1959. It was designated as theCENHAM glovebox.

● Desian Obiective:

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Provide Modular Configuration

Provide Controlled AtmosphereEnvironment

Maximize Viewing Accessibility

Provide “Standardized” Work Area forLaboratory Research Work

Provide Modular Utility Service Access

Include User-Friendly Considerations

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GLOVEBOX DESIGN REQUIRESAWARENESS OF USER NEEDS

Q Evolution of Design Over the Past 40Years

“ Request for New Gloveboxes UsuallyBased Upon Similar Attributes of anExisting Enclosure Plus ParticularProject Changes for Use.

● Discussion with Staff and LaboratoryOperating Personnel.

● Considerations:

– Simplicity in Design

– Cost Saving

– Schedule

● Defining “What is Necessary” and“What Would be Nice.”

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USER-FRIENDLY GLOVEBOX DESIGN

● Gloveboxes Use a Modular DesignConcept

“ Glovebox Size is Designated asModules in Length and Tiers in Height

‘ Basic Module is 42 inch Cube

c Modular End Plates Provide for:

– Utility Services

– Ventilation/Purification

– Filter Housings

– Transfer Locks

– Bagpotts

System


MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

● Steel Shell (Painted)

Q Stainless Steel Shell

“ Steel Support Frame

● Gloveports

c Glass Windows


STRUCTURE

Glovebox

Structural

Unistrut

Floor

She

Elements

End Plates

Hoists

Floor Wells

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UTILITIES

● Process Feedthroughs for Services

– Electrical

– Instrument

– Gas or Liquid

● Lighting

Argonne National

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TRANSFER SYSTEMS

Bagout

●

●

●

Large

Small

Horizontal

Horizontal

Vertical Transfer

S~hincter

Transfer

Transfer

Lock

Lock.’

Lock

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●

●

●

●

QA APPLICATION

Management Control

– Team Approach

– Process Development

– Design and Fabrication

– Scheduling

Design Review

Design for Manufacturability Reviews(DFM)

System Design Description

Safety Review

Operational Readiness Review

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WINDOWS

Q Window Viewing Area ComprisesApproximately 60% of the GloveboxSide Walls that Suffices for MonitoringExperimental Equipment and ProcessOperation

“ Weatherstrip Type “Zipper” Seal Usedfor Window Installation

Q Window Concept

—

—

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Nominal 36 Inch Square Windows andWindow Openings with Rounded Corners

3/8 Inch Thick Laminated Safety GlassWindows

Glovepon% are Attached Through theWindows

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Glovebox Baseboard Duct

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GLOVEBOX SUPPORT STAND ‘

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GAS RECIRCULATION SYSTEM ‘-

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GLOVEBOX FILTER ACCESSIBILITY

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EPOXY RESIN

Inside Weld Joints are Caulked with anEpoxy Resin.

The Epoxy Resin (ABAWELD) has beenUsed on Gloveboxes in CMT for ManyYears

The Caulked Joints Provide a SmoothCorner Fillet Designed for Easy Clean-Up

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WEATHERSTRIP INSTALLATION

GUN NOZZLE

SEALINGCOMPOUND

WEATHERSTRIP

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GLASS WINDOW

GLOVEBOXWALL

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GLASS TYPE

● Glass laminate per ASTM Cl 172-91

● Two Iite laminate ofq3 quality glass

● Each Iite is .19 inch

Kind LA, Class 1,

thick with overacomposite thickness of .38 inch

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FAILURE OF GLOVEBOX WINDOWWITH GLOVEPORTS

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FAILURE OF GLOVEBOX WINDOWWITHOUT GLOVEPORTS

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WINDOW TEST RESULTS

● Window with four gloveports

—

—

—

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Test terminated due to structural failure ofthe window glass

Cracks developed in the glass extendingacross the two lower gloveports

Test pressure at failure was 17 inches ofwater

No evidence of seal failure

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WINDOW TEST RESULTS -

● Window without gloveports

– Test terminated due to structural failure ofthe window glass

– Crack developedfrom the center

in the glass radiating out

– Test pressure at failure was 30 inches ofwater (> 2 psig)

– No evidence of seal failure

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INTERIOR ENVIRONMENTATMOSPHERE

● Flow Controls - Once Through Gas

Gas Recirculation System -● InertRequiresFilters

● Pressure

Purification System with

Controls


SUMMARY

Design Approach BasedFriendly Concept

Upon User-

Utilization of ExistingDesigns

Cost Effective

Schedule

Component

Adaptable to Project Process ChangesWithout Losing Overall Effectivenessof “User-Friendly” Approach.

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