Name_____________________________________________________________Class Period____CHARACTER(personality) TRAITS

Abrupt Easygoing Inventive Resourceful

Adventurous Anxious Envious Responsible

Aloof Fickle Light-hearted Roguish

Ambitious Flippant Logical Ruthless

Articulate Generous Loyal Sarcastic

Arrogant Gentle Mature Egotisticalsyn. selfish, self-centered

Brash Gregarioussyn. talkative, friendly, outgoing

Mischievous Sly

Brazen Gullible Naïve Soft-spoken

Calculating Haughty Noble Stand-offish

Callous Humble Optimistic Stern

Childish Imaginative Over-bearing Stubborn

Compassionate Impatient Passive Studious

Confident Impish Persistent Sullen

Considerate Impudent Pessimistic Taciturn

Courteous Impulsive Placid Timid

Creative Independent Prudent Tranquil

Deceitful Inquisitive Quarrelsome Trustworthy

Defiant Insecure Realistic Vain

Demanding Insensitive Rebellious Villainous

Despicable Insolent Refined Willful

Determined Insubordinate Reliable Wise

Devious Intolerable Reserved Witty

MOTIVESThe REAL reasons why people and characters in books DO WHAT THEY DO.

EXTERNAL MOTIVATIONS INTERNAL MOTIVATIONS Money/Material Possessions Self-Esteem/Need to Feel Important Helping Others Need to Lead and Influence Others Need to Control Things/People – Power Need to Belong, Be Accepted or Fit In Need to Please Others Revenge

Personal Growth (Learning new things) Personal Change to better oneself Need to Take Chances, Risks, Adventure Need to Achieve/Win Need to Create and Use Own Ideas Need to Organize Things Need for Love or Relationship Survival

Significant Passages, Information, Events…. Have a big impact on the story Have a big impact on the protagonist Show important information about the protagonist Show protagonist learning or realizing something Show life-changing moments Have a deeper, symbolic meaning Can often be applied to life in general– teach a lesson about life

Types of Conflict

Person vs. Person or Persons vs. Personswhen a character has an argument, disagreement or “fight” that could lead to physical fighting…or it may notPerson vs Self

when a character is struggling inside her or himself with making a decision about something, she or he feels fear, worry, doubt or any conflicting emotion that causes internal distressPerson vs. Societywhen a character disagrees with societal values, laws or beliefs and may end up rebelling against society with actions Person vs. Naturewhen a character is challenged by and possibly harmed by natural elements of weather, environment, time, geography, etc. The character struggles to survive.

Internal vs. External ConflictInternal conflict A struggle that occurs within a character's own mind (trouble making a decision, dealing with mixed feelings or emotions)External conflict A struggle that occurs between a character and an outside force (another character, a community, forces of nature, etc.)

Types of NarrationType of narratorDescription Pronouns UsedFirst Person

The narrator is involved in the story and action. You see the story from their personal viewpoint.

The pronoun “I” is used in narrative text.

Example: I saw my friend, Nancy, and she definitely did not look right. So, I said, “Yo, Nance! Why the sad face?”

Second Person

The narrator get the reader involved in the story and will actually speak directly to the reader.

The pronoun “you” is used in the narrative text.

Example: Now, you are probably wondering why I would even want to be friends with Nancy because she’s such a drama queen. Well, it’s a long story…

Third Person Omniscient

The narrator is like God ~ she or he sees everything and tells the story without being involved in it.

The pronouns “they” “them” “she” “he” etc. are used in narrative text.

Example: Bill saw Nancy coming. She was in another one of her dark moods. Bill wanted to hide or jump out of the window to avoid her, but he gritted his teeth instead and he said, “Yo Nance!...”

Close Third Person

Once in awhile, the narrator “steps into” one particular character(usually the protagonist) and tells the story using “I” pronouns.This gives the reader an even better understanding of the main character.

Example: Bill cringed. He knew that face she had on, the crisis, call Mercy Flight, it’s life or death face she wore most of the time. Nancy, ugh. If only I could just jump out of the window, Bill thought to himself. Free falling three flights and breaking every bone in my body would hurt less than dealing with her drama! Nancy was on Bill’s very last nerve!

THEMEssage is…….a universal understanding or idea that is true for more than just the book. Theme gives the story deeper meaning and purpose. Theme is a central idea or main message from a text.

Common Themes in LiteratureWhen you take time and pay close attention, real and often shocking truths can be revealed.Take time and pay attention to all situations and people. You will see much more truth about the situation or person if you take time to really look.

When humans struggle with the natural world and natural elements, great learning occurs.Confronting the powerful forces of the natural world, wilderness, birth, old-age, sickness and death can cause humans to learn more about themselves, grow and change.

Sometimes following society’s “rules” is not the best thing to do.Human’s often struggle to deal with society’s ideas of what is “right” and “acceptable. Society’s “right way” may cause great hardship for people.

Faith: During hardships, some find more faith. Others reject their faith.Humans often find it difficult to make peace with their idea of god. Humans struggle to understand how the Divine works in their lives, especially when great hardships arise. During hardships, some find more faith, others reject their faith.

Honesty is a quality that will win out in the long run.Honesty is a noble trait. Those who remain honest and noble in their actions will win out in the end.

Overcoming adversity – Any difficult situation can be turned into a victory.Humans take tough situations and turn them into triumphs, opportunities and new growth and understanding.

Friendship means self-sacrificeA real friend will put their loved ones needs before their own. .

The bonds of family and family support can help someone get through any situation.The family unit is a powerful bond that provides, strength and hope, even in the most difficult times.

Appreciating the “good” often only comes after you have experienced “the bad”. (Yin vs. Yang)Good and bad occur continually in life, balancing each other out. You only learn to really appreciate “the good” because you have experienced “the bad.”

Without love, life has no meaning.Love is a powerful, healing force.

Death is a necessary part of life where valuable lessons can be learnedIn even the terrible tragedy of death, something can be learned and gained from the experience.

Sacrifice and hard work pays offSacrifice and hard work reaps great rewards, sometimes quickly, sometimes over a large span of time.

You should always be yourself instead of trying to be what others want you to be.Staying true to yourself leads to much more happiness and contentment in life.

Common Theme “Seeds”How to use the Theme Seed List: Choose one of the phrases below and build upon it to make a clear and understandable theme statement.

1. Destructive force of anger 19. Greed 33. Poverty2. Betrayal 20. Guilty 34. Prejudice

3. Cooperation/teamwork 21. Honesty 35. Pride4. Coping with loss 22. Hope 36. Revenge5. Faith 23. Justice for 37. The strength of nature6. Fitting in wrongdoing 38. Taking a stand7. Dealing with fear/anxiety 24. Individuality 39. Trusting others8. The power of forgiveness 25. Destructive force 40. The value of hard work9. Facing reality of jealousy 41. The value of loyalty10. Loss of honor 26. Oppression 42. Fear of failure11. Hazards of passing 27. Identity crisis 43. Empowerment

quick judgments12. Character destruction 28. Destruction of 44. Power of optimism13. Character building beauty 45. Discovering beauty14. Family blessing or curse 29. Dangers of 46. Death or dreams15. Finding fulfillment in life ignorance 47. Fight for freedom16. The power of knowledge 30. Self-reliance 48. A new beginning17. Wisdom learned from 31. Will to survive 49. Power of words

experience 32. Overcoming 50. Overcoming weakness18. Technology in society - Vice (Bad qualities

Good or Bad? or habits)

Tone = speaker/narrator’s attitudePOSITIVE TONE WORDS NEUTRAL

(+, -, or neutral)NEGATIVE TONE WORDS

admiringadoring

affectionateappreciative

hilarioushopeful

humorousinterested

commandingdirect

impartialindirect

ambiguousangry

annoyedantagonistic

haughtyhopelesshostile

impatient

approvingcalm

casualcheerful

comfortingcomic

compassionatecomplimentary

confidentcontented

directdelightfulecstaticeffusiveelated

empatheticencouragingenthusiastic

euphoricexcited

exhilaratedexpectantflippantfriendlyfunnygleefulgushy

jovialjoyfullightlively

modestnostalgicoptimisticpassionate

playfulpoignant

proudreassuringreflectiverelaxed

respectfulromanticscholarly

self-assured sentimental

serenesilly

straightforwardsympathetic

tendertranquilwistful

worshipful

thoughtfulobjective

questioningspeculative

unconcerned

anxiousapprehensivebelligerentbewildered

bitingbluntbossycold

conceitedcondescending

confusedcontemptuous

curtcynical

demandingdepressedderogatorydespairingdesperate

disappointeddisrespectful

doubtfulembarrassed

enragedfearfulforcefulfrantic

frustratedfuriousgloomygreedygrimharsh

indifferentindignantinsecurelethargic

melancholymischievous

miserablemockingmournfuloutragedparanoidpatheticpensive

pessimisticscornfulselfishseriousseveresinister

skepticalsly

solemnstern

stressfulsuspicious

tensethreatening

tragicuncertainuneasy

unfriendlyunsympathetic

violent

____________________________________MOOD is….the emotional effect that

the text creates FOR THE READERPOSITIVE MOOD WORDS NEGATIVE MOOD WORDSamused

awedbouncy

calm

jubilantliberating

light-heartedloving

aggravatedannoyedanxious

apathetic

intimidatedirate

irritatedjealous

cheerfulchipper

confidentcontemplative

contentdetermined

dignifieddreamyecstatic

empoweredenergetic

enlightenedenthralled

excitedexhilarated

flirtygiddy

gratefulharmonious

hopefulhyperidyllicjoyous

mellownostalgicoptimistic

passionatepeacefulplayful

pleasedrefreshed

rejuvenatedrelaxedrelievedsatisfied

sentimentalsilly

surprisedsympathetic

thankfulthoughtfultouchedtrustful

vivaciouswarm

welcoming

apprehensivecold

confiningconfused

crankycrushedcynical

depresseddisappointeddiscontented

distresseddraineddreary

embarrassedenragedenvious

exhaustedfatalistic

forebodingfrustrated

futilegloomygrumpyhaunting

heartbrokenhopeless

hostileindifferentinfuriated

lethargiclonely

mercilessmoodymorose

nauseatednervousnumb

overwhelmedpainfulpensive

pessimisticrejectedrestlessscaredserious

sicksomberstressed

suspensefultense

terrifyingthreatening

uncomfortablevengefulviolentworried

That…These…

So…As you can see…

I am going to tell you about…This…

Those…Well…

Evil Sentence Starters

If you use these words to start your sentences, your sentences will die a sloooowwwww, painful, borrrring

Spice

up yourwordchoices…

That…These…

So…As you can see…

I am going to tell you about…This…

Those…Well…

GROOVY SENTENCE STRATEGIESGROOVY SENTENCE STRATEGIES See how the 12 strategies below transform the simple sentence: See how the 12 strategies below transform the simple sentence:

THE ZEBRA LOST HIS STRIPES.THE ZEBRA LOST HIS STRIPES.1.1. Use an interrupter (appositive) …Use an interrupter (appositive) …

Arnold, the zebra, lost his stripes.2.2. Start by answering WITH WHAT? Start by answering WITH WHAT?

With no stripes, the zebra resembled a white horse.

3.3. Start by answering WHERE? Start by answering WHERE?

In the jungle, the zebra misplaces his stripes.

4.4. Start by answering WHEN? Start by answering WHEN?

While galloping through the jungle, the zebra still couldn’t find his stripes.

5.5. Start by answering WHY?Start by answering WHY?

Because he was forgetful, the zebra lost his stripes.

6.6. Start with an ADJECTIVE …or two….(describes noun)Start with an ADJECTIVE …or two….(describes noun)

Confused and weary, the zebra searched all night for his stripes.

7.7. Start with an ADVERB (-ly word)Start with an ADVERB (-ly word)Frantically, the zebra searched for his stripes.

8.8. Start with an –ING phraseStart with an –ING phraseTrotting and snorting, the zebra searched for his stripes.

9.9. Create a COMPLEX SENTENCE: Start with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION Create a COMPLEX SENTENCE: Start with a SUBORDINATE CONJUNCTION

AlthoughAlthough he usually never misplaced anythinghe usually never misplaced anything,, the zebra lost his stripes. the zebra lost his stripes.

10. Create a COMPOUND SENTENCE 10. Create a COMPOUND SENTENCE IC IC ,, cc IC.cc IC.The zebra lost his stripesThe zebra lost his stripes,, butbut he never lost his mind. he never lost his mind.

No EXCUSES!!!! Spelling Words Check out your personal spelling list on next page

AboutAcceptAgain

AlmostAlsoAlways

AnotherAnyoneAre

BeBee (the bug)Been

Subordinate Conjunctions (SCs)after because if unless whenever while although before since until whereas long as even though though when wherever

Coordinate Conjunctions (CCs) and but or so nor yet

BeautifulBecauseBeforeBelieveBuyByBye (good-bye)CalledCan’tCouldCould haveDidn’tDoesDoesn’tDon’tEachEnoughEspeciallyEveryEverybodyEveryoneEverythingExceptExcitedFavoriteFirstFriendsFromGettingHad

HasHaveHeard (ears)Herd (animals)Hole (dig a…)Hour (time)I (capital “I”)I’mIntoIt’s (it is)Its (its fur…)KnewKnowLaughLet’sLittleLongMadeMakeMany (no “e”)MoreMostMyMyselfNewNoNotNowOfOff

One (a number)Our (we own it)PeopleProbablyReallyRightSaidSince (a time)Sense(smell, touch)SchoolShouldShould haveSomeSomethingSometimesTerribleThan (comparison)That’sTheir (own it)Then (a time)There (a place)TheseTheyThey’re (they are)ThisThoughtThrewThroughToToo (also)

TroubleTwo (number)UntilUseUsuallyVeryWantWasWear (clothes)Weather(outside)We’reWentWereWhatWhenWhere (a place)Whether (if)Which (not witch)WhoWhole (all of it)WithWon (You won!)Won’tWouldn’tWould haveWriteYour (you own it)You’re (you are)

Spelling rule: drop the “Y” – add “IES”: Examples: tries flies cries dries marries carries stories diaries fairies libraries pastries

Using Apostrophes for….ContractionsThe apostrophe goes where the letter has been dropped out.are not = aren’t were not = weren’t is not = isn’t there is = there’s

To Show Possession or Ownership (yours or mine)Singular possessive apostrophe: the boy’s book the dog’s collar the sun’s raysPlural possessive apostrophe: the cheerleaders’ uniforms the hikers backpacks YOU DO NOT USE APOSTROPHES FOR VERBS AND PLURAL NOUNS!!!!The trees were giants in the forest. The track star runs very quickly.

MY PERSONAL SPELLING LIST

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

_____________ ______________ ______________ _______________

Transition Words =phrases and words that help your writing flow from one idea to the next....and help you deepen your analysis

Starting points

Supporting your first

point

Opposite, different, or new point

Concludingpoints

first of allfor one thingin the first placeon one handto begin with

above alladditionallyagainalsoas well asat the same timecoupled withfurthermorein additionin other wordsmore importantly

aside from however in contrast yet contrary to despite on the bright sideon the other hand

All in all,… After all,… All things considered,… In short,…In summary,…In the end,… In the final analysis,… Overall,… Clearly,…

similarlybesides

There is no doubt… For the most part,…In the long run,…NOTE: Consider using a complex sentence #9 for your concluding sentence.

Explaining the meaning of something

Expand or deepen an idea after using direct quotes or specific examples:

Miscellaneousfor example for instance in turn in this case such as therefore thereupon thuswith this in mind because of this clearlyfor this reason certainly as a result

The importance of this is …

However, …

The impact of this was…

A significant effect of this was…

Consequently,…

Because of this…

As a result of…

Clearly, this shows…

accordinglyas a rulebrieflychieflyconsequentlycomparable corresponding decidedlyespeciallyfor nowfor the time beingfortunatelyfrequentlygenerallygraduallyin any casein particularincludingindependent ofinstead

just as interestinglaterlikewisemeanwhilemoreovernext tonormallyon the wholeordinarilyother thanotherwiseparticularlypreviouslyrathersoonspecificallysubsequent tothe next stepusuallywhilewhereas

~Author’s Purpose~The REAL reasons why authors make writing choices.

Type of Text

What it is…

Author’s Purpose for using this type of Text….

Dialogue Two or more characters in conversation

Two show relationships and feelings between charactersTo describe an important conversation that ends up moving the plot forward by leading to new eventsTo reveal new information about the characters and storyTo develop a conflict or problem or to show the solution to a conflict or problem

Setting Details

Detailed description of the

To help the reader envision the story and “run the movie” of the story so the book comes alive to the reader

physical surrounds and setting

To provide needed introductory information due to a chapter, scene or setting change so the reader understands that the plot has moved to a different locationTo clearly show the characters placed into their surroundings to provide realism to the story

Narrative Describing People, Places, Objects

The narrator* speaks and explains to the reader

To infuse important, needed information that makes the dialogue, the plot, the movements of characters more understandable to the reader.To reveal repeated symbols that shed light on overall theme of entire text

Internal Narrative

The narrator* reveals inner thoughts ofcharacter that are not spoken out loud in the story

Internal narrative reveals key information about how the character views herself, other people in her life, the world around her, her hopes, dreams, struggles. This engages the reader by showing that the character is a “real human”. This gets the reader “into” and “on the side of” the character so the reader cares about the people in the story.

*The narrator is the storyteller ~ the person telling the story.

Basic Human ValuesAccountability Good will PracticalityAccuracy Goodness PunctualityAdventure Gratitude Quality of workBeauty Harmony ReliabilityChallenge Honesty ResourcefulnessChange Honor Respect for othersCollaboration Improvement ResponsibilityCommitment Independence SecurityCommunication Individuality SelflessnessCompetence Inner peace Self-relianceCompassion Innovation Self-discoveryConnection Integrity Service to othersContinuous improvement

Intensity Simplicity

Cooperation Justice Solving problemsCreativity Knowledge Spirituality

Decisiveness Loyalty StabilityDelight of being Meaning in life StrengthDependability Optimism TimelinessDiscipline Orderliness Tolerance/

AcceptanceDiscovery Patriotism TraditionDiversity Peace, Non-violence TranquilityEfficiency Perfection TrustworthinessEquality Personal growth Truthfulness

Wisdom Unity