work and active ageing in public perception this presentation is based on data from the project...
TRANSCRIPT
Zora BútorováInstitute for Public Affairs
Presentation at the P.E.O.P.L.E conference in Bojnice, March 1, 2012
1. Chances of older people on the labor market
2. Normative ideas about the approach to older people on the labor
market
3. Work in the eyes of older people
4. Strong and weak sides of older workers
5. Ideas about the retirement
6. Active ageing in public perception
7. Perception of the position and contribution of older people
“.
Agenda
„Choose two age groups that in your opinion...“ (% of answers by respondents aged 45 – 64)
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, January 2012.
Bring the biggest economic
contribution
Have the strongest political
influence
Deserve the most credit
and recognition
People in their 30s 44 9 2
People in their 40s 78 42 7
People in their 50s 45 64 21
People in their 60s 8 37 36
People in their 70s 1 9 42
People in their 80s 0 1 23
„There are many different ways in which people contribute to society. To what extent do you think people in Slovakia aged 55 and over contribute in the following areas?“ (% of answers „contribute greatly“)
54
60
62
68
71
82
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
As volunteers
As consumers (i.e. people who purchase goods or
services)
As workers (i.e. people who performs paid jobs)
As carers for sick or disabled family members
As financial support for their families
By taking care of their grand-children
Zdroj: Eurobarometer, 2011.
„What is the position of older people in our society in comparison with the younger ones?“ (opinions of the entire population - in %)
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, December 2011.
29
44
21
41
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
much worse a little worse about the same a little better much better
„Which problems of the older people are the most serious?“ (opinions of the entire population – in %)
6
8
10
14
22
22
50
59
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Poor family relations, abuse and violence against elderly
Lagging behind in education; inflexibility, lack of adaptation
Insufficient access to social services
Loneleness, feelings of uselessness, exclusion from society
Disrespect for the needs of older people, discrimination,heartlessness
Discrimination at work and on labor market
Health deterioration and unsatisfactory state of health care
Living standard, social security, pensions
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, December 2011..
„Given common hiring policies at Slovak companies, which three categories of job applucants have the lowest chance to get a job?“ (opinions of the entire population - in %)
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, December 2011.
7772
47
26
14 13
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Olderwoman
Older man Woman inmiddle age
Yongwoman
Man inmiddle age
Young man
„Which of the following statements do you support: A. Despite a shortage of jobs, people of all ages should have an equal.B.In case of a job shortage younger people should take preferrence over older people.“ (opinions of the entire population - in %)
46
63
2228 26
15
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2005 2011
Support of A Undecided Support of B
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, September 2005 and December 2011.
„Employers should...A. ... create equal work conditions for all employees, regardless of their age.. B. ... Create work conditions corrresponding to the needs of each age group.“ (opinions of the entire population - in %)
39
15
36
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Support of A
Undecided
Support of B
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, December 2011.
„What do you appreciate most about your work?“ (opinions of working men and women 45 – 64, in %)
7
11
14
24
22
24
31
65
6
10
14
18
22
22
28
78
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Being able to earn social status
Being useful for other oeple
Being able to use my education and skills
Being in contact with other people
Being able to do what I like to do
Being able to earn security for old age
Being financially independent
Being able to support my family financially
Men
Women
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, January 2012.
„To what degree do working people 45 - 64 appreciate particular aspects of their work?“ (% of answers „certainly and rather yes“)
55
40
54
60
67
80
57
75
60
64
72
80
89
90
94
97
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
I am satisfied with my income
I am sure I will not lose my job in the near future
I would not change my job even if I had a chance
My job does not negatively effect my health
My employer understands the needs of employees like
myself
I have very good friends at work
Work allows me to use my education, qualifications and
experience
I am satisfied with my current job
Elementary education University education
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, January 2012.
„Imagine your job is in jeopardy. What would you be willing to do to keep your job?“ (% of affirmative answers)
37
27
59
696467
5854 54
48
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Men 45 - 64 Women 45 - 64
Commute to work a greater distanceWork more hours at the expence of family of private timeAccept job below your qualificationsWork for a lower wageAccept worse work (more strenuous, in a more harmful environment)
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, January 2012.
„How do you cope with the physical and mental demands of your work?“ (average grade among working men and women 45 – 64)
Note: Evaluations on a scale ranging from 1 (very well) to 5 (very poorly).Source: Institute for Public Affairs, January 2012.
Men WomenPhysical demands
Mental demands
Physical demands
Mental demands
Total average grade 1,89 1,80 1,93 1,94
Elementary education 2,11 2,03 2,39 2,25
Vocational education 1,84 1,81 2,10 1,99
Secondary education 1,79 1,78 1,86 1,92
University education 1,57 1,70 1,70 1,80
Aged 45 – 49 1,66 1,80 1,78 1,83
Aged 55 – 59 1,95 1,85 2,14 2,11
„Do what extent meet people aged 55 - 62 work requirements?“ (Opinions of people 45 – 64 – average grade)
Note: Evaluations on a scale ranging from 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum).Source: Institute for Public Affairs, January 2012.
Average
Strong employee loyalty 8.62
Thoughtfulness, deliberateness, work and life experience, 8.56
High level of work discipline 8.52
Fewer interruptions of work due to the illness or the care for family members
7.80
Lower wage demands 7.51
Readiness to dedicate free time to work 7.29
High performance 7.18
Flexible response to new situations 6.42
Ambition and motivation for growing professionally and learning new things
5.70
Good computer skills 4.46
Active knowledge of foreign languages 4.23
„What is your idea about retirement? Until what age do you plan to work?“ (Opinions of people 45 – 64 according to education)
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, January 2012.
54
24
9
52
63
52
40
1418
26
42
8
20
7 6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Elementary Vocational Secondary University All aged 45 - 64
Until I become eligible for retirement
As long as I can, even after reaching my retirement age
I will try to retire early
„If you could choose, which way to retire would you prefer?“ (opinions of people 45 – 64, according to education – in %)
60
30
48
60
6367
48
3228
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Elementary Vocational Secondary University All aged 45 - 64
Retire fulltime Retire gradually
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, January 2012.
In your opinion, what is the ideal retirement age?“ (Opinions of people 45 – 64)
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, August 2006 and January 2012.
Ideal retirement age of men
Ideal retirement age of women
Average age 2006 60.0 55.8
Average age 2011 60.1 57.3
Opinions of men 2011 60.0 57.5
Opinions of women 2011
60.2 57.1
% of answers „62 years and more“
23 % 3 %
„People past retirement ages should...“ (affrmative : negative opinions – in %)
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, December 2012.
Entire population
People 45+
... Continue working as long as they are able and willing to work
41 : 55 50 : 48
... Take part in the political life as much as younger people
44 : 48 47 : 45
... Take care of their grand-children as much as possible 67 : 29 67 : 29
... Help other older people around them 74 : 18 72 : 20
... Participate as volunteer in solving problems of the community
75 : 18 74 : 19
... Continue learning and keep pace with changing times 78 : 19 77 : 18
... Enjoy the good life 78 : 17 78 : 17
... More actively promote the rights of older people in the society
76 : 17 80 : 15
„In your opinion, what is active ageing?“ (aswers to an open-ended question - in %)
3
6
5
9
11
12
11
16
47
3
4
5
10
13
13
15
21
41
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Engage in public life, active citizenship
Socialize, be with other people
Healthy way of life
Practise hobbies, enjoy life
Physical activities, sports, be in motion
Lifelong learning, keeping pace with changing times
Be active, avoid "sitting in slippers in front of the TV"
Continue working
I don't know
Opinions of the entire population Opinions of people 45 - 61
Source: Institute for Public Affairs, December 2011.
Zora Bútorová
www.ivo.sk