working with analogies
DESCRIPTION
Working with Analogies. Choose a logical word to complete an analogy, using synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, categories/subcategories, whole/part, functions, verb forms, rhymes, scrambled words, homophones. . Analogies test your ability to:. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Working with Analogies
Working with Analogies
Choose a logical word to complete an analogy, using synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, categories/subcategories, whole/part, functions, verb forms, rhymes, scrambled words, homophones.
Analogies test your ability to:
Analogies test your ability to:
• Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair
• Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships
• Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair
• Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships
OldYoung
To answer an analogy question you must:
To answer an analogy question you must:
• Recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair
• Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way
• Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships
• Recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair
• Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way
• Recognize when two word pairs display equal relationships
Analogies look like this:
Analogies look like this:
Up: Down ::Over: Under
Up is to Down as Over is to Under
Up: Down ::Over: Under
Up is to Down as Over is to Under
In what ways could these pairs of words be
related?
In what ways could these pairs of words be
related?• The relationship will always have to do with the meaning of the words.
• The relationship will always have to do with the meaning of the words.
I get it…they are opposites!
Examples of possible relationships in an analogy:
Examples of possible relationships in an analogy:• Synonyms or antonyms• A part to the whole• A member to the category that contains
it• Cause to effect (or effect to cause)• Varying degrees of a quantity or quality• Object to function
• Synonyms or antonyms• A part to the whole• A member to the category that contains
it• Cause to effect (or effect to cause)• Varying degrees of a quantity or quality• Object to function
Here is one example of Synonym relationships: Here is one example of Synonym relationships:
Infant: Baby::Grown-Up: ____?_____
Infant: Baby::Grown-Up: ____?_____
Infant: Baby::Grown-Up: AdultInfant: Baby::Grown-Up: Adult
Here is one example of Antonym relationships:Here is one example of Antonym relationships:Big: Small::Full:__?_____Big: Small::Full:__?_____
Big: Small::Full: EmptyBig: Small::Full: Empty
Here is one example of Part to Whole relationships:
Here is one example of Part to Whole relationships:
Wheel: Car::Branch:___?____Wheel: Car::Branch:___?____
Wheel: Car::Branch: TreeWheel: Car::Branch: Tree
Here is one example of Member to Category
relationships:
Here is one example of Member to Category
relationships: Apple: Fruit::Carrot:___?____Apple: Fruit::Carrot:___?____
Apple: Fruit::Carrot: Vegetable
Apple: Fruit::Carrot: Vegetable
Here is one example of Cause Effect relationships:
Here is one example of Cause Effect relationships:
Sliver: Pain::Heat:____?______Sliver: Pain::Heat:____?______
Sliver: Pain::Heat: BoilSliver: Pain::Heat: Boil
Here is one example Matters of Degree
relationships:
Here is one example Matters of Degree
relationships: Warm: Hot::Cool:___?___Warm: Hot::Cool:___?___
Warm: Hot::Cool: FrigidWarm: Hot::Cool: Frigid
Here is one example of Object to Function
relationships:
Here is one example of Object to Function
relationships: Truck: Transport::Oven:___?___Truck: Transport::Oven:___?___
Truck: Transport::Oven: bakeTruck: Transport::Oven: bake
PRACTICECan you identify the
relationship?
PRACTICECan you identify the
relationship?1.1. PLATOON:SOLDIERPLATOON:SOLDIER2.2. HOT:SCALDINGHOT:SCALDING3.3. STARVATION:BINGINGSTARVATION:BINGING4.4. GILLS:BREATHINGGILLS:BREATHING5.5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCPERSUASIVE:CONVINC
INGING6.6. SOCCER:SPORTSOCCER:SPORT
1.1. PLATOON:SOLDIERPLATOON:SOLDIER2.2. HOT:SCALDINGHOT:SCALDING3.3. STARVATION:BINGINGSTARVATION:BINGING4.4. GILLS:BREATHINGGILLS:BREATHING5.5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCPERSUASIVE:CONVINC
INGING6.6. SOCCER:SPORTSOCCER:SPORT
a) Synonyms or antonymsb) A part to the wholec) A member to the
category that contains itd) Cause to effect (or effect
to cause)e) Varying degrees of a
quantity or qualityf) Object to function
PRACTICECan you identify the
relationship?
PRACTICECan you identify the
relationship?1.1. PLATOON:SOLDIERPLATOON:SOLDIER2.2. HOT:SCALDINGHOT:SCALDING3.3. STARVATION:BINGINGSTARVATION:BINGING4.4. GILLS:BREATHINGGILLS:BREATHING5.5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCPERSUASIVE:CONVINC
INGING6.6. SOCCER:SPORTSOCCER:SPORT
1.1. PLATOON:SOLDIERPLATOON:SOLDIER2.2. HOT:SCALDINGHOT:SCALDING3.3. STARVATION:BINGINGSTARVATION:BINGING4.4. GILLS:BREATHINGGILLS:BREATHING5.5. PERSUASIVE:CONVINCPERSUASIVE:CONVINC
INGING6.6. SOCCER:SPORTSOCCER:SPORT
a) Synonyms or antonymsb) A part to the wholec) A member to the
category that contains itd) Cause to effect (or effect
to cause)e) Varying degrees of a
quantity or qualityf) Object to function
b
eafac
Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy
questions:
Approaches that may be helpful in answering analogy
questions:• Try to determine the precise relationship
between the words in the given pair.• Form a sentence that captures the
relationship between the two words.• Then look for the answer choice
containing the word pair whose relationship is closest to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion.
• Try to determine the precise relationship between the words in the given pair.
• Form a sentence that captures the relationship between the two words.
• Then look for the answer choice containing the word pair whose relationship is closest to that of the given pair and can be expressed in a similar fashion.
ExampleExampleAPPLE : FRUIT ::A. Salad : MixB. Orange: BananaC. Juice : CanD. Slice : CoreE. Butterfly: Insect
APPLE : FRUIT ::A. Salad : MixB. Orange: BananaC. Juice : CanD. Slice : CoreE. Butterfly: Insect
ExampleExampleAPPLE : FRUIT ::A. Salad : MixB. Orange: BananaC. Juice : CanD. Slice : Core
E.E. Butterfly: InsectButterfly: Insect
APPLE : FRUIT ::A. Salad : MixB. Orange: BananaC. Juice : CanD. Slice : Core
E.E. Butterfly: InsectButterfly: Insect
How do you know if you have a good sentence?How do you know if you have a good sentence?• Look at the answer choices.• If more than one answer choice
seems to fit, then your sentence is too general.
• If none of them work, then your sentence is too specific.
• Look at the answer choices.• If more than one answer choice
seems to fit, then your sentence is too general.
• If none of them work, then your sentence is too specific.
ExampleExamplePEN : WRITE ::A. Pencil : SharpenB. Ink : BlueC. Letter : ComposeD. Knife : CutE. Mistake : Erase
PEN : WRITE ::A. Pencil : SharpenB. Ink : BlueC. Letter : ComposeD. Knife : CutE. Mistake : Erase
ExampleExamplePEN : WRITE ::A. Pencil : SharpenB. Ink : BlueC. Letter : Compose
D.Knife : CutE. Mistake : Erase
PEN : WRITE ::A. Pencil : SharpenB. Ink : BlueC. Letter : Compose
D.Knife : CutE. Mistake : Erase
Helpful Approaches:Helpful Approaches:• Pay attention to the order of the words in
the pair.• Pay attention to the parts of speech.• The relationships you need to explain will
be constant relationships.• Analogy questions are vocabulary intensive.• Remember that a single word can have
several different meaning. • Never decide on the best answer without
reading all the answer choices.• Practice recognizing and formulating
relationships between word pairs.
• Pay attention to the order of the words in the pair.
• Pay attention to the parts of speech.• The relationships you need to explain will
be constant relationships.• Analogy questions are vocabulary intensive.• Remember that a single word can have
several different meaning. • Never decide on the best answer without
reading all the answer choices.• Practice recognizing and formulating
relationships between word pairs.
PracticePractice
Large : Big:: A. Remember : ForgetB. Triumph: SuccessC. Nostril : SmellD. Audio : HearE. Glasses : See
Large : Big:: A. Remember : ForgetB. Triumph: SuccessC. Nostril : SmellD. Audio : HearE. Glasses : See
PracticePractice
Large : Big:: A. Remember : Forget
B. Triumph: SuccessC. Nostril : SmellD. Audio : HearE. Glasses : See
Large : Big:: A. Remember : Forget
B. Triumph: SuccessC. Nostril : SmellD. Audio : HearE. Glasses : See
PracticePracticeBat : HitterA. Score: WinB. Walk : RunC. Mars : VenusD. Stick : Hockey PlayerE. Basketball: Hoop
Bat : HitterA. Score: WinB. Walk : RunC. Mars : VenusD. Stick : Hockey PlayerE. Basketball: Hoop
PracticePracticeBat : HitterA. Score: WinB. Walk : RunC. Mars : Venus
D.Stick : Hockey PlayerE. Basketball: Hoop
Bat : HitterA. Score: WinB. Walk : RunC. Mars : Venus
D.Stick : Hockey PlayerE. Basketball: Hoop
PracticePractice
Come : Came::A. Walk : WalkingB. Ride : RodeC. Left : ArrivedD. Did : Had DoneE. See : Seen
Come : Came::A. Walk : WalkingB. Ride : RodeC. Left : ArrivedD. Did : Had DoneE. See : Seen
PracticePractice
Come : Came::A. Walk : Walking
B.Ride : RodeC. Left : ArrivedD. Did : Had DoneE. See : Seen
Come : Came::A. Walk : Walking
B.Ride : RodeC. Left : ArrivedD. Did : Had DoneE. See : Seen
Figural AnalogiesFigural Analogies
Look at overheads
PracticePracticeWork with a friend on the
packet!Work with a friend on the
packet!