World HistoryWorld History

The Renaissance and ExplorationThe Renaissance and Exploration

(15:1)(15:1)

Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci

The journals of Leonardo The journals of Leonardo Obsessed with learning and new ideasObsessed with learning and new ideas

Knew man was not restricted to the groundKnew man was not restricted to the ground

You can never bring back the past, you You can never bring back the past, you can only channel it to make going can only channel it to make going forward easierforward easier

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

The “rebirth”The “rebirth” A time of creativityA time of creativity A new view of the A new view of the

worldworld On the cusp of On the cusp of

achieving great thingsachieving great things Art and intellectualism Art and intellectualism

flourishedflourished

A long time ago, in a A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away…galaxy far, far away…

Where is the world coming from?Where is the world coming from? What is still going on?What is still going on?

100 Years War100 Years War Just coming out of the Middle AgesJust coming out of the Middle Ages Black DeathBlack Death Political Revolution Political Revolution New Weaponry New Weaponry

Italy Offered New Italy Offered New OpportunitiesOpportunities

The Renaissance began in northern ItalyThe Renaissance began in northern Italy Why?Why?

New OpportunitiesNew Opportunities

Reason #1:Reason #1: Economically thriving urban centersEconomically thriving urban centers

Genoa, Venice, FlorenceGenoa, Venice, Florence Northern Italy was ahead of its time (urban)Northern Italy was ahead of its time (urban)

New OpportunitiesNew Opportunities

Reason #2Reason #2 Northern Italy was dominated by merchants Northern Italy was dominated by merchants

and wealthand wealth The city-states ran their own affairsThe city-states ran their own affairs

Merchants were the wealthiest and most Merchants were the wealthiest and most powerful peoplepowerful people

Merchants did not inherit their social rankMerchants did not inherit their social rank Most importantly, their support for the artsMost importantly, their support for the arts

New OpportunitiesNew Opportunities

Merchants fought for sponsorships Merchants fought for sponsorships They wanted to sponsor the most skilled They wanted to sponsor the most skilled

artists, writers, etc. artists, writers, etc.

This enabled artists and intellectuals to This enabled artists and intellectuals to concentrate on their craftconcentrate on their craft

3 of the early geniuses:3 of the early geniuses:

Giotto – painted Giotto – painted frescoesfrescoes Painting on wet plasterPainting on wet plaster

Commissioned to paintCommissioned to paint Giotto began a revolution in artGiotto began a revolution in art

Had a grasp on emotion, not anatomyHad a grasp on emotion, not anatomy People interacted in his paintings People interacted in his paintings Short and homelyShort and homely

GiottoGiotto

““The Mourning of Christ”The Mourning of Christ” Best known for his works depicting Saint Best known for his works depicting Saint

Francis of AssissiFrancis of Assissi Known for the marks of stigmataKnown for the marks of stigmata

Giotto:Giotto:

““I am he through whose merit the lost art I am he through whose merit the lost art of painting was revived…but what need of painting was revived…but what need is there for words? I am Giotto, and my is there for words? I am Giotto, and my name alone tells more than a lengthy name alone tells more than a lengthy ode.”ode.”

Commonplace Renaissance imaging in the Commonplace Renaissance imaging in the celebration of the individualcelebration of the individual

Early Genius #2Early Genius #2

Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri Met his muse at age 9 (Beatrice) – then Met his muse at age 9 (Beatrice) – then

didn’t see her again for 10 yearsdidn’t see her again for 10 years ““From that time forward, love quite governed my From that time forward, love quite governed my

soul” Dante, speaking of his meeting with Beatricesoul” Dante, speaking of his meeting with Beatrice

She died at 24 – Dante’s infatuation She died at 24 – Dante’s infatuation continuedcontinued

The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy

Part 1 – Gets a tour of Hell from VirgilPart 1 – Gets a tour of Hell from Virgil Dante’s InfernoDante’s Inferno

Part 2 – Dante and Virgil visit purgatoryPart 2 – Dante and Virgil visit purgatory What is purgatory?What is purgatory?

Part 3 – Guided through paradise by St. Part 3 – Guided through paradise by St. Bernard, a medieval monk, and meets Bernard, a medieval monk, and meets BeatriceBeatrice

What happens to Virgil?What happens to Virgil?

The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy

A running commentary on the events of A running commentary on the events of his friends and politicshis friends and politics

A philosophic bridge between Europe’s A philosophic bridge between Europe’s past and its futurepast and its future

Didn’t write in LatinDidn’t write in Latin Wrote it in Wrote it in vernacularvernacular

The everyday language of ones homeland, The everyday language of ones homeland, considered now to be the father of modern Italian considered now to be the father of modern Italian and greatly influenced others to write in vernacularand greatly influenced others to write in vernacular

Early Genius #3Early Genius #3

Petrarch Petrarch A great poetA great poet Had a muse named Laura Had a muse named Laura

Very mysterious lady who died of the plagueVery mysterious lady who died of the plague

Wrote many letters as well to influential Wrote many letters as well to influential people, friends, and a combination of the people, friends, and a combination of the twotwo

PetrarchPetrarch

Often imitated Cicero Often imitated Cicero (Ancient Roman (Ancient Roman Senator) – a personal Senator) – a personal literary hero of literary hero of PetrarchPetrarch Crossed Dante’s bridge Crossed Dante’s bridge

of old to newof old to new Left the classical, Left the classical,

complex stylingcomplex styling A contemporary of his A contemporary of his

timetime

PetrarchPetrarch

LauraLaura Married to another manMarried to another man Petrarch was denied each time he pursued Petrarch was denied each time he pursued

herher Wrote prolifically about her, letters and poems Wrote prolifically about her, letters and poems

showing his intense feelingsshowing his intense feelings Slipped into a depression when she diedSlipped into a depression when she died

Fathered the Renaissance Fathered the Renaissance Combined religion and humanismCombined religion and humanism

New ValuesNew Values

Celebration of the individualCelebration of the individual Artists and intellectuals were now noted, and Artists and intellectuals were now noted, and

remembered for their worksremembered for their works They They used used to do it solely to glorify Godto do it solely to glorify God

Fame became the final reward for superior Fame became the final reward for superior talenttalent

Still true today? Right or wrong?Still true today? Right or wrong?

New ValuesNew Values

Two new art forms evolvedTwo new art forms evolved Portrait paintingsPortrait paintings

Wealthy patrons wanted to be rememberedWealthy patrons wanted to be remembered

Autobiographies Autobiographies Written equivalents of self-portraitsWritten equivalents of self-portraits

It seems the Renaissance, rightfully or It seems the Renaissance, rightfully or wrongfully, went hand in hand with the wrongfully, went hand in hand with the development of the ego.development of the ego.

Classical LearningClassical Learning

Scholars despised Renaissance worksScholars despised Renaissance works Petrarch coined the phrase “Dark Ages”Petrarch coined the phrase “Dark Ages”

Since the fall of Rome in 476 people had Since the fall of Rome in 476 people had been living in “Darkness”been living in “Darkness”

Scholars and many Renaissance figures Scholars and many Renaissance figures were humanistswere humanists

Studying what every human should know, Greek and Studying what every human should know, Greek and Roman writingRoman writing

The carrying on of tradition (evolution)The carrying on of tradition (evolution)

Worldly PleasuresWorldly Pleasures

Almost everyone enjoyed the “better Almost everyone enjoyed the “better things” in life in Renaissance Italythings” in life in Renaissance Italy Clothing became so decorative it was gaudyClothing became so decorative it was gaudy PerfumesPerfumes

No longer did devout people have to No longer did devout people have to dress the partdress the part

It was okay to worship God, and have the better It was okay to worship God, and have the better things in life as wellthings in life as well

Differing IdealsDiffering Ideals

Striving to master every artStriving to master every art ““Universal men” / “Renaissance men”Universal men” / “Renaissance men”

The Courtier – The Courtier – How to be successfulHow to be successful

The Ideal ManThe Ideal Man

The ideal man has a responsibility to be The ideal man has a responsibility to be many things according to Castiglionemany things according to Castiglione

Strong, polite, witty, a good dancer, sing, etc.Strong, polite, witty, a good dancer, sing, etc.

Many men during the Renaissance claimed to be Many men during the Renaissance claimed to be well skilled in all these thingswell skilled in all these things

Alberti’s third person accountAlberti’s third person account

The Ideal WomanThe Ideal Woman

The same as the ideal men except:The same as the ideal men except: They were not supposed to seek fame or create They were not supposed to seek fame or create

art, only inspire it.art, only inspire it. Although some made an attempt at greatnessAlthough some made an attempt at greatness

Isabella d’EsteIsabella d’Este Caterina SforzaCaterina Sforza

Very few achieved itVery few achieved it Women were however far better educated than in Women were however far better educated than in

the Middle Agesthe Middle Ages