world religions a brief history. judaism about 14 million adherents ethnic / monotheistic founder:...
TRANSCRIPT
World Religions
A Brief
History
Judaism• About 14 million adherents
• Ethnic / Monotheistic
• Founder: Abraham
• Hearth: Middle East
• 1st Monotheistic religion
JudaismABRAHAM
SARAH HAGAR
Isaac Ishmael
Judeo-Christian Islamic
Judaism – Basic Beliefs
• One God• God’s “Chosen” people• Do not recognize Jesus as the
messiah• VERY tied to the land - Israel
Judaism - Divisions
• Hasidic Jews- Ultra Orthodox
Christianity• 2 billion adherents – largest • Universalizing/Monotheistic• Founder: Jesus• Hearth: Palestine
- Jesus was born in Palestine during the height of the Roman Empire.
Christianity - Basics
• One God• Jesus is the messiah – son of
God.• Jesus died for the sins of all
people.
Christianity - Divisions
• During the Middle Ages - THE GREAT SCHISM
• Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox split
• Disagreed over using icons (images of God-Jesus-Saints)
Christianity - Divisions
• During the Renaissance – THE REFORMATION
• Some felt the Church was corrupt and abusing its power.
• Martin Luther – German monk• Protestant – Broke away from
Rome. • Hundreds of Protestant divisions
(Baptist, Lutheran, Methodist)
Christianity - Divisions
• The Church of England• Same time as Reformation
Church of England
Islam• 1.3 billion adherents – second• Universalizing/Monotheistic• Founder: Muhammad• Hearth: Mecca (Modern day
Saudi Arabia)
Islam - Basics• One God (Same God as
Christians and Jews)• 5 pillars
- Only one God (Allah) and Muhammad is his prophet.- pray 5 times daily facing Mecca- Giving to the poor- Fasting during Ramadan- Pilgrimage to Mecca
Islam - Divisions• When Muhammad died there
was disagreement over who should succeed him.
• Muslims split into two groups:SUNNI SHIITE (Shi’a)
Caliph Muh. Descendant
Hinduism• 900 million adherents - third• Ethnic/Monotheistic• Founder: No specific • Hearth: Northwestern India
one of the most ancient religions.
Hinduism - Basics
• One God – Brahman• Brahman is “manifest” as
hundreds of different gods. • Goal: To be united with
Brahman at death. • Takes many lifetimes –
reincarnation.
Hinduism - Divisions
• Not really “divisions”• Most Hindu’s ally themselves
with a specific god.
• Vaishnavism – Vishnu
• Sivaism - Shiva
Buddhism• 400 million adherents• Universalizing / non-theistic• Founder: Siddartha Guatama
(the Buddha)• Hearth: Present day Nepal.
North of India.
Buddhism - Basics
• Goal – Achieve enlightenment• 4 Noble Truths
- to live is to endure suffering- suffering is caused by desire- Cure for suffering = end desire (Nirvana)- Achieve Nirvana by following the eightfold path
Buddhism - Basics
• If you reach Nirvana you are freed from the cycle of rebirth.
Buddhism - Divisions
• Followers disagreed on how to interpret the teachings of the Buddha (Siddartha Guatama)
• Mahayana• Theravada• Tantrayana• Tibetan