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World War I 1914-1918

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Page 1: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

World War I1914-1918

Page 2: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

What was the status of these countries prior to WWI?

• Germany

• France

• Great Britain

• Austria-Hungary

• Russia

• Italy

• Unification

• Loss of Alsace Lorraine by Treaty of Frankfurt

• Fully industrialized• Leading trading nation• World’s banker• Greatest naval power• Largest colonial empire

• Lack of cultural unity• Growing nationalism stirring unrest

• Expansionism• War with Japan 1905

• Sought recognition as a major power

Page 3: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Long Range Causes

• Nationalism• Militarism• Alliances• Imperialism

Page 4: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Nationalism

http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/images/a/ah~pilt3.gif
Page 5: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 6: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Militarism

Bertha von Suttner

Nobel Peace Prize

Page 7: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Alliances

• Triple Alliance—1882 Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

• Reinsurance Treaty—1887 Germany and Russia— neutrality guaranteed if either went to war

• 1890 Bismarck dismissed• Treaty not renewed• Russia looks for ally—1894 Franco-Russian Alliance

• Triple Entente 1907—Great Britain, France, Russia

Page 8: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Imperialism

• Fashoda Crisis—Sudan—Great Britain and France

• Moroccan Crisis—1905 and 1911—France and Germany

• Balkan Crises—1912-1913—Russia [Pan Slavism] supports expansion plans of Serbia

Page 9: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 10: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

“Powder Keg”

• Pan Slavism• Russia demoralized after defeat by Japan turns

attention to Balkans• 1st Crisis

– Bosnia annexed by Austria-Hungary– Italy takes Libya

• 1st Balkan War– 1908 Creation of Albania—Serbia loses access to Adriatic

Sea

• 2nd Balkan War– 1913 Serbia’s attempt to gain Albania fails with German

support for Austria-Hungary– Serbia frustrated and Russia humiliated

Page 11: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 12: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Immediate Cause

Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in

SarajevoJune 1914

Gavrilo Princip and the Black Hand

Page 13: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 14: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 15: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

The Schlieffen Plan

Page 16: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

German Atrocities in Belgium

Page 17: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Mobilization• Home by Christmas• No major war in 50 years• Nationalism

It’s a long way to Tipperary

It’s a long way to go

It’s a long way to Tipperary

To the sweetest girl I know!

Goodbye Piccadilly,

Farewell, Leicester Square,

It’s a long, long way to Tipperary,

But my heart’s right there!

Page 18: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Recruitment Posters

Page 19: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 20: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 21: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 22: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Australia Propagand

a

Page 23: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 24: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

German Poster

“Think of Your Children!”

Page 25: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Soldiers Mobilized

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

France Germany Russia Britain

Mil

lio

ns

Page 26: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Women and the War Effort

Financing the War

Page 27: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Recruitment

Page 28: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Munitions Workers

Page 29: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

French Factory Workers

Page 30: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

German Factory Workers

Page 31: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Working in the Fields

Page 32: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Ambulance Driver

Page 33: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Red Cross Workers

Page 34: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 35: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 36: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Russian Women Soldiers

Page 37: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Multi-Front War

Page 38: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Western Front

Page 39: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Trench Warfar

e

see Trench Warfare PPT

Activity

Page 40: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

No Man’s Land

Page 41: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 42: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Animated War

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/launch_ani_western_front.shtml
Page 43: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Battle of VerdunLongest and Bloodiest Battle

32,000,000 . Estimated artillery shells fired in Battle of Verdun

Page 44: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 45: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

German offensive.

Each side had 500,000 casualties.

German offensive.

Each side had 500,000 casualties.

Verdun—February 1916

Page 46: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

The Somme, July, 1916

Page 47: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

The Cost of War

Page 48: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 49: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 50: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 51: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 52: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

The Eastern Front

Page 53: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

Page 54: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Page 55: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

French colonial Marine infantry from China—fighting in

Greece

Page 56: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Russia’s Role• War revealed the

ineptitude and arrogance of the country’s aristocratic elite

• Corrupt military leadership had contempt for ordinary Russian people

• Ill-trained, ineffective officers, poorly equipped– – the result was mass

desertions and 2 million casualties by 1915

Page 57: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

• Battle of Tannenberg (August, 1914) – massive defeat at hands of Hindenburg and Germany

• Nicholas left for the Front—September, 1915

Page 58: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

America slow to enter the War

•Neutrality

•Trade partners with England and France

•Lusitania sunk

•Zimmerman Telegram

•Unrestricted submarine warfare

•April 6, 1917—Congress declares war

Page 59: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

May 7th 1915

Page 60: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Zimmerman Telegram

Page 61: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

The Yanks Are

Coming!!

Page 62: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Americans in the Trenches

Page 63: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

New Technology Changes War

Page 64: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

French Renault Tank

Page 65: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

British Tank at Ypres

Page 66: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

U-Boats

Page 67: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Allied ships

sunk by U-boats

Page 68: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 69: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]

Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

Page 70: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Curtis-Martin Aircraft PlantUnited States

Page 71: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

Page 72: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

The Zeppelin

Page 73: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Grenade Launchers

Flame Throwers

Page 74: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Poison Gas

Machine Gun

Page 75: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Art of World War

I

Page 76: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

1918 Flue Pandemic: Depletes all Armies

50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died

50,000,000 – 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died100,000,000 died

Page 77: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss
Page 78: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Russians Exit War

• Treaty of Brest Litovsk

• March 3, 1918

Page 79: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Eleventh Day, Eleventh Hour, Eleventh Month—

All is Quiet on the Western Front

November 11, 1918

Page 80: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Human Costs of War

• 8,000,000 . . . Estimated civilians killed in Great War: Non-influenza

• 8,300,000 . . . . . . . Estimated combatants killed, all nations

• 21,500,000 . . . . Minimum deaths in 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic

Note: Georgia’s population is approximately 9.5 million

Atlanta’s population is approximately 500,000

Page 81: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Germany

France Britain

Russia

Austria-Hungary

Who was to blame for WWI?

Page 82: World War I 1914-1918 What was the status of these countries prior to WWI? Germany France Great Britain Austria-Hungary Russia Italy Unification Loss

Effects of WWI

Immediate• Russian Revolution• Destruction and

loss of life• Treaty of Versailles• League of Nations• Breakup of Austro-

Hungarian Empire• Mandates

Long-Term• German and Italian

resentment of treaty

• US policy of isolationism

• Rise of fascism• WWII


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