World War OneWorld War One1914-19181914-1918

Trench Warfare Trench Warfare

Tensions RiseTensions Rise• Europe 20th

• Peace organizations

• Peace congresses• 1843-1907

• Militarism• Arms race• Having a large standing army helps with patriotism but…

• Europe 20th• Peace organizations

• Peace congresses• 1843-1907

• Militarism• Arms race• Having a large standing army helps with patriotism but…

• Nationalism• Love of ones country

• Competition• Materials• Markets• Territorial disputes• Balkans and Alsace Lorraine

• Imperialism• Competition over colonies

• Nationalism• Love of ones country

• Competition• Materials• Markets• Territorial disputes• Balkans and Alsace Lorraine

• Imperialism• Competition over colonies

Trench FootTrench Foot

AlliancesAlliances• Germany

• Bismarck• Unified Germany • 1864-1871

• France• Threat

• Alsace Lorraine• Triple alliance

• Germany, Austria, Italy

• Russia?

• Germany• Bismarck

• Unified Germany • 1864-1871

• France• Threat

• Alsace Lorraine• Triple alliance

• Germany, Austria, Italy

• Russia?

Modern WeaponsModern Weapons

Arms Race and Alliances

Arms Race and Alliances

• Kaiser Wilhelm II• Russian treaty• Ship building program• England?

• Triple Entente• Russia, England, France

• Kaiser Wilhelm II• Russian treaty• Ship building program• England?

• Triple Entente• Russia, England, France

Life in the trenchesLife in the trenches

BalkansBalkans• Balkan Peninsula

• South Eastern Europe• Ottoman Empire

• Crumple,Nationalism• Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia

• Others want to break away

• Balkan Peninsula• South Eastern Europe• Ottoman Empire

• Crumple,Nationalism• Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia

• Others want to break away

• Border disputes• Serbia

• Slavic country• Supported by Russia

• Austria• Has small Slavic population

• Annexed Bosnia, Herzegovina• Slavic Nations• Upset Serbia and Russia

• Border disputes• Serbia

• Slavic country• Supported by Russia

• Austria• Has small Slavic population

• Annexed Bosnia, Herzegovina• Slavic Nations• Upset Serbia and Russia

Poison GasPoison Gas

Black HandBlack Hand• Archduke Franz Ferdinand• Heir to Austrian Throne

• Visit Bosnia• Assassinated by black hand• Serbian and Jews

• Austria declare war on Serbia

• Russia?• Alliances?

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand• Heir to Austrian Throne

• Visit Bosnia• Assassinated by black hand• Serbian and Jews

• Austria declare war on Serbia

• Russia?• Alliances?

Europe Plunges into War

Europe Plunges into War

• Short?• Sir Edward Grey

“The Lamps are going out all over Europe, We shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.”

• Short?• Sir Edward Grey

“The Lamps are going out all over Europe, We shall not see them lit again in our lifetime.”

• Central Powers• Germany, Austria-Hungry, • Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

• Allies• Great Britain, France, Russia• Japan• Italy

• Central Powers• Germany, Austria-Hungry, • Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

• Allies• Great Britain, France, Russia• Japan• Italy

StalemateStalemate• Western Front

• Schlieffen Plan• Russia and industrialization

• Marne• Stop German’s

• Verdun• 300,000• 4 miles

• Somme• More than 1 million• 5 miles

• Western Front• Schlieffen Plan

• Russia and industrialization

• Marne• Stop German’s

• Verdun• 300,000• 4 miles

• Somme• More than 1 million• 5 miles

Eastern FrontEastern Front• Russia

• Failed to industrialize

• Heavy man power• Shortage

• Guns, food, ammunition, clothes, boots, blankets

• Baltic Sea• U-boats

• Russia• Failed to industrialize

• Heavy man power• Shortage

• Guns, food, ammunition, clothes, boots, blankets

• Baltic Sea• U-boats

America Joins the Fight

America Joins the Fight

• Zimmermann Note• Mexico • Lost territory• Last straw

• 1917• Wilson asked Congress

• Zimmermann Note• Mexico • Lost territory• Last straw

• 1917• Wilson asked Congress

• 1917• Stalemate looks to the sea

• Unrestricted submarine warfare• Lusitania

• British • 128 citizens• True• 3 US ships

• 1917• Stalemate looks to the sea

• Unrestricted submarine warfare• Lusitania

• British • 128 citizens• True• 3 US ships

Allies Win the WarAllies Win the War• Russia

• 1917 Civil Unrest• Food, fuel, casualties

• 5.5 million • Dead, wounded

• Czar provisional government• Lenin• 8 months• Communist• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

• Russia• 1917 Civil Unrest

• Food, fuel, casualties

• 5.5 million • Dead, wounded

• Czar provisional government• Lenin• 8 months• Communist• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

• 1918• Armistice• Republic

• Legacy• 9 million• 21 million• Flower of Europe

• 1918• Armistice• Republic

• Legacy• 9 million• 21 million• Flower of Europe