THE GREAT WAR

WORLD WAR I“THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”

Compiled by: Bruce Mulford Liberty High School

Kissimmee, FL •Feel free to use all or parts of this slideshow, however please give proper credit

THE GREAT WARCauses of World War I

A.Quest for pride, power and land

B.Alliances brought many countries together as friend and foes

C.Serbian assassination of Austrian Archduke Ferdinand & his wife

THE GREAT WARPreWar

THE GREAT WARCountries & Leaders

Triple Entente – Allied PowersFrance – Premier Georges ClemenceauBritain – Prime Minister David Lloyd GeorgeRussia – Tsar Nicholas II & Vladimir LeninUnited States – President Woodrow WilsonItaly - Vittorio Emanuele Orlando

THE GREAT WARCountries & Leaders

Triple Alliance – Central PowersGermany – Kaiser Wilhelm IIAustria – Emperor Franz Joseph I Hungary – Prime Minister, Stefan TiszaOttoman – Mehmed IV

AviatorsGermany – Manfred von Richthofen “Red Baron”

USA – Eddie Rickenbacker

Britain – Mick Mannock

THE GREAT WARFamous People

Military GeneralsGermany – Paul von Hindenburg

USA – John Pershing

Britain – Sir John French

France – Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch

THE GREAT WARFamous People

THE GREAT WARMilitary Weapons

Technology Purpose Remedy

•U-boat many boats sunk mines & torpedoes

•Poison gas death & deformation gas masks

•Machine gun many soldiers deaths better armor & tanks

•Balloons reconnaissance anti-aircraft guns, planes

•Airplane recon & bombing mounted machine guns

•Tanks protect from machine larger bombs & missilesguns & barbed wire

MAJOR BATTLES

THE BATTLE OF VERDUN, 1916 THE BATTLES OF THE MARNE,

1914, 1918 THE BATTLES OF YPRES 1914,

1915, 1917 THE BATTLE OF THE SOMME, 1916

THE BATTLE OF CAMBRAI, 1917

THE GREAT WAR

THE GREAT WARMAJOR BATTLES

BATTLES OF YPRES, 1914, 1915 & 1917

- After Germany’s loss at the Marne they attempted to move west to outflank the Allies, this resulted in both sides meeting in the Belgium coastal city of Ypres

- 1st Battle of WW1 that involved both navy & army

- 2nd Battle – Extensive use of poison gas for 1st time

- All 3 battles combined: 500,000- dead wounded or missing

THE GREAT WARMAJOR BATTLES

BATTLE OF VERDUN, 1916

- Most casualties ever in a single battle in history- 700,000 – dead, wounded or missing

- Longest ever single battle in history- 11 months: February – December 1916

- Proved that WW1 would be a costly and lengthy war

THE GREAT WARMAJOR BATTLES

BATTLE OF THE MARNE, 1914 & 1918- Germans wanted to capture Paris, in order to do so they had to cross the Marne River

- 1st Battle of the Marne Sept 1914 - First Allied victory against Germany in WW1- 500,000 – dead, wounded or missing

- 2nd Battle of the Marne July-Sep 1918– last major offensive by the Germans stopped by the Allies- 290,000 – dead, wounded or missing

THE GREAT WARMAJOR BATTLES

BATTLE OF SOMME, 1916- Famous for:

- Deadliest single day – 58,000 British soldiers die the very first day of battle 1 July 1916

- First battle that tanks are used

- Deadliest battle of WW1- 1.1 million – dead, wounded or missing

THE GREAT WARMAJOR BATTLES

BATTLE OF CAMBRIE, 1917- Famous for:

- First time tanks are significantly & effectively used

- British use almost 500 tanks to ambush the Germans

- Battle lasted only 13 days- 90,000 – dead, wounded or missing

CASUALTIES:

OFFICIAL GOVERNMEN

T LIST

THE GREAT WAR

CASUALTIES: UNOFFICIAL COUNTRY WOUNDED SOLDIERS CIVILIANFRANCE 4.2 M 1.1 M ½ MBRITAIN 2.0 M 1.1 M 100,000USA 200,000 100,000 800

RUSSIA 10+ M* 10+ M* 10+ M*GERMANY 5 M 3 M ½ MFLUENZA 30 M

TOTAL 20+ M 15+ M 40+ M

* THESE INCLUDE THE CASUALTIES OF THE REVOLUTION & THE COMMUNIST GOV’T POLICY TO ANNIHILATE ALL OPPOSITION

THE GREAT WAR

EFFECT ON COUNTRIES

France• North & East of country is destroyed• 1/5 of land is destroyed• Soldiers: 4.2 m wounded, 1.5 m dead• Civs: ½ m dead•30% of males 18-45 are killed•Some villages lost all males•Intense hatred of Germans

EFFECT ON COUNTRIES

Britain• Social issues become important• working conditions & wages improve• Women replace men in the workforce• When men come home, the women lose their jobs• Led to women voting rights and change of social character

EFFECT ON COUNTRIES

Britain•start smoking & drinking, cut hair & dresses short – called the “Flapper”• DORA – laws to limit rights• could not fly a kite, feed bread to your dog, or talk about military issues• can be arrested & tried for these• Dead: 1.1m soldiers, 100,000 civilians

EFFECT ON COUNTRIES

United States• war helped economy – lots of jobs• best economy in the world after the war and that has continued• no battles fought on our land• 110,000 soldiers dead - 800 civs dead• P.E. classes are required for students since the soldiers were overweight

EFFECT ON COUNTRIESRUSSIA• High death rate led to revolution• Czar Nicholas II & family are killed• Poverty & starvation led to 6-10 m civilians dying• 10-20 million soldiers died• 10% of population killed• Communist gov’t killed 35-50 m civs w/in the next 30 years

EFFECT ON COUNTRIESGERMANY• Farming disrupted by men leaving for war – resulted in food shortages• Ports blocked by British Navy• Harsh Winters• People are disgruntled at length of war and the amount of casualties• Soldiers mutinied in 1918

EFFECT ON COUNTRIESGERMANY• Political protests led to riots•9 NOV - Kaiser abdicates thrown on •10 NOV – Kaiser flees to Holland• 11 NOV – Armistice signed to end war • Dead – 3 million soldiers & ½ mil civs• Wounded – 4 million

THE GREAT WAROUTCOME

Paris Peace Treaty

*Britain, France & USA decide the fate of Central Powers

- Treaty of Versailles- Boundaries of countries redefined- “14 Points” - League of Nations is formed

THE GREAT WAROUTCOME

TREATY OF VERSIALLES

Germany – - Had to accept responsibility for the war- Had to pay reparations to France- Lost Eastern half of empire to the new formed country Poland- Lost western areas of Alsace & Loraine to France & Rhineland was demilitarized- Military: no tanks, airplanes, subs, warships, & only 100,000 men in army

THE GREAT WAROUTCOME

TREATY OF VERSIALLES

Austria-Hungary - Split up into two separate countries- Lost 50% of land to new countries

- Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Poland & some went to Italy

Russia- lost land to new countries

- Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, & Poland, Romania & Turkey

THE GREAT WAROUTCOME

TREATY OF VERSIALLES

Ottoman Empire - Split up into several new countries

- Turkey (Independent) - France oversaw: Syria & Lebonon, - - Britain oversaw: Iraq,

Transjordan, & Palestine

THE GREAT WAROUTCOME

14 POINTS

1) No secret treaties2) Freedom of the seas for all nations3) Removal of all economic barriers, such as tariffs4) Reduction of national armaments5) Adjustment of colonies 6) Establishment of “League of Nations”7) Restoration of Belgium8) Restoration of all French lands9) Clearly define the border of Italy 10) The development of a democracy in Austria & Hungary 11) Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro should be evacuated12) Turkey should be liberated13) A free Polish state14) A general association of nations (League of Nations)

POST WAR

THE GREAT WAR

WORLD WAR I“THE WAR TO END ALL WARS”

Compiled by: Bruce Mulford Liberty High School

Kissimmee, FL •Feel free to use all or parts of this slideshow, however please give proper credit