World War OneChapter 11

World War I

Causes of the war1. Nationalism

a. Definition: pride in your countryb. Competition between countries2. Colonial rivalry a. Battle for colonies (Asia/ Africa)b. Small skirmishes3. Military Build-up a. Arms race-money for arming themselves b. Technology of weapons

Size of Military

Colonial Rivalry

Causes of the war 4. Triple Alliance

Members: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Goal: protect each other

5. Triple EntenteMembers: Great Britain , France, RussiaGoal: protect one another

6. Assassination: Franz FerdinandHeir to the throne of Austria-HungaryBlack Hand: terrorist group/ assassin: GavriloPrincipAnti Austrian-Hungary feelingsMisunderstanding A-H, Serbia, Germany

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=assassination+of+franz+ferdinand&qs=VI&form=QBVR&pq=assassination+of+fr&sc=8-19&sp=1&sk=#view=detail&mid=18685579A228C59B81E918685579A228C59B81E9

Alliances

World War ISeries of misunderstandings • Austria-Hungary blames Serbia (connected to

Russia) for assassination• The war has nothing to do with Great Britain,

France, Germany, or Italy• They got involved because they were part of an

alliance• Military-Size

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWarmies1914.htm

How It Starts

President Woodrow Wilson

• Wilson Bio http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/woodrowwilson

• Facts http://www.apples4theteacher.com/holidays/presidents-day/woodrow-wilson/facts.html

• Edith Wilson http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=29

American InvolvementPresident Wilson

Policy of neutrality (not taking sides) (1914-1917)Wilson is a pacifist America gives aid to Allied Powers (Great Britain, France, Russia)Is this being neutral?Causes of USA involvement

1. Sinking of US ships Lusitania- British passenger ship. American citizens on board. (over 100 killed): This fueled Americans’ anger towards Germany

Germany’s Warning

Sinking of Lusitania http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sURi21sJsWc

Ammunition on Board?

A dive team from Cork Sub Aqua Club, diving under license, discovered 15,000 rounds of the .303 (7.7×56mmR) caliber rifle ammunition transported on Lusitania.In December 2008, Gregg Bemis's dive team estimated a further four million rounds of .303 ammunition were on the ship.Is this right?

Causes of USA Involvement

2. Propaganda- information or ideas methodically spread to promote or injure a cause, movement, nation. (Positive or negative) – To sell a product or idea or persuade you to think

in a certain way. – Examples: commercials, advertisements, movie

trailers, lawn signs. – Purpose of propaganda is to convince

the USA to enter the war.

Propaganda Types• Bandwagon: everybody’s doing it. • Testimonial: Famous person uses

product. (endorsement)• Plain folks: everyday people use

product.• Transfer: symbols or quotes used that

are not associated with product. • Logical Fallacies: If one thing is true, it

must always be true for someone else.

Examples

Bandwagon Testimonial

Propaganda Types

• Glittering generalities: in the name of democracy, family values, rights, civilization, even the word, “American”.

• Name calling: using a negative image. • Jingles: songs or rhymes for you to sing and

remember. • Emotional: any other advertisements that invoke

an emotion. (fear, pride, anger, concerned.)

Examples

Name Calling Emotional

Examples of Propaganda

Examples of propaganda

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llZ6k4gfrCw

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NdLsQcYyAcc&feature=related

Causes of US Involvement

• 3. Zimmerman Telegram– Sent to Mexico from Germany– Germany asks Mexico to invade the U.S.– With the goal to preoccupy the U.S.– Keep U.S. out of Europe

Reaction of U.S. people– Angered the people which led to war.– Declare war: bully to victim– Took U.S. from neutrality to becoming a member of the

Allies– http://www.archives.gov/global-pages/larger-image.ht

ml?i=/education/lessons/zimmermann/images/decoded-message-l.jpg&c=/education/lessons/zimmermann/images/decoded-message.caption.html

War on the Home FrontPower of the Government increases Mobilizing the economy

Operate nation as one industry Government: What to make, how much it

costs, and how many Government: Sets wages, type of job, work

hours, no labor strikes allowed

Government Power-IncreasesFuel Administration

Ration of fuel – gas, oil, coalDaylight savings time: created to save electricityHOW??

Food AdministrationRationing food

Meat-less Tuesdays Wheat-less Wednesdays

Victory gardens: grow you own food Other products: (recycling) Rationed cigarettes, alcohol, metal/ recycle, and food products

Daylight Savings Time

Daylight Saving Time• http://www.bing.com/videos/se

arch?q=Daylight+Saving+Time+In+North+America&Form=R5FD1#view=detail&mid=509B1CE4EA830E5F73E1509B1CE4EA830E5F73E1

War on the Home Front Role of women

Women went to workBecame head of family/householdStill denied the right to vote!

Funding the warCost of WWI- $3.3 billion, $10 billion to Allies USA spent $44 million per dayRaise money or funding by increasing taxesIncome tax, sales tax, sin taxSell bonds: war bonds, liberty bonds, savings bonds Personal loans: US government pays back with interest http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNXhmGzBQdo

Buy A Bond

War on the Home FrontLoss of Individual Rights

Loss of 1st Amendment rightsCreation of loyalty leaguesOath of loyalty• Encouraged to spy on each other• Illegal to criticize the president

Censorship : newspapers, magazines, radio Sell the war to Americans (propaganda that gives positives of the war)

Schenck v USALimit of Personal Freedom 1st amendment: Freedom of speech, Freedom of religion, press, expressionCan it be limited?Charles Schenck- got arrested – USA Socialist party– Article-Draft=Slavery– Draft/Deed against humanity– He violated the espionage act (interfere with war)

and the sedition act (illegal to criticize the USA.)

Schenck v USA

Results of case: Schenck is found guilty Supreme Court of USA 9-0 upheld conviction 3 other cases: they upheld the convictionIndividual rights are less important then the good of the country in time of war! Is this right or wrong? Supreme Court-Studentshttp://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/get-informed/supreme-court/landmark-supreme-court-cases-about-students.aspxCan it be limited?http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=when+can+1st+amendment+be+violated&FORM=HDRSC3#view=detail&mid=4FE9B82F68A14651C8CA4FE9B82F68A14651C8CA

Peace SettlementsWilson’s 14 Points

President Woodrow Wilson Goal: Prevent another war. Keep peace in the world The Plan

– a. No secret treaties– b. freedom of the seas– c. free trade– d. Limit size of the military– e. end colonial rivalry– f. re-draw band of Europe (change the map)– g. create the League of Nations (United Nations)

US does not participate-Why?

Peace SettlementsBig 4 Conference

Who was there?USA: Wilson

Great Britain: GeorgeFrance : ClemenceauItaly: Orlando

Goal: Create treaty and prevent another warIs it a success or failure?

Peace Settlements Demands

USA: Adoption of the 14 pointsGreat Britain:Revenge against Germany War reparations ($) ColoniesWar guilt (they blame Germany, but Germany is not responsible for starting the war)France: Revenge against GermanyWar reparations ($)War guilt Create buffer state (Rhineland) Italy : Territory

Versailles Treaty

Treaty is signed by all except USA (never ratified) Why? USA IsolationismProvisions (Germany): War reparations-Final Payment http://abcnews.go.com/International/germany-makes-final-reparation-payments-world-war/story?id=11755920

Rhineland is demilitarizedWar guilt- Admit that Germany started the warRedraw some boundaries of EuropeColonies become mandates of League Creation of League of Nations (US never joined)

Post War Issues

Economic Depressions-World-wideHigh unemploymentChange in government/Fall of monarchiesIntroduction to communism (Russia becomes the Soviet Union)Resentment (revenge)/ Germany/War guilt USA adopts the policy of isolationism– Never joins the League of Nations– Never signs the Versailles Treaty

Wilson Quote

“ I can predict with absolute certainty that within another generation there will be another world war if the nations of the world do not concert the method by which to prevent it.”President WilsonI know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.Albert Einstein