World-Wide Depression and the Rise of Militarism

Action and

Reaction!

First, Some Key Terms!

Key Terms Totalitarianism

A form of government that controls every aspect of its citizens’ lives. Citizens have no rights. No opposition.

Militarism - Glorifying and building up your military. Using military force to promote your countries goals.

Nationalism – an extreme form of patriotism. Glorifying and increasing the influence of one’s own country (often at the expense of others)

FascismPolitical system that places the importance

of the nation over the individual.

Nazism Political system that places the importance of

the nation over the individual (Fascism) with the addition of racial superiority

Lets Review!

Communist Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin

Totalitarian Communist State

Based on equality of all – but a lack of freedoms for all.

State ownership of all property

Stalin’s Plan 2 Main goals:

Raise agriculture productionModernize industry

Five-Year Plan:Take private lands from farmers –

collectivization (you’ll be a farmer whether you like it or not!)

Export food for profit = famine

The Great Purge:

Secret policeUse of force against all other political parties and those who stood against him.

Difficulties in Germany

High debts from WWIHigh unemploymentMassive inflation in the 1920s

The Weimar Republic: discredited in the eyes of the world

AND Germany Blame of communists, Jews and

liberals for the problems of the Weimar Republic.

Treaty of Versailles

Political Extremism—Communist and fascist and extreme nationalist

Economic disaster!

The people are looking for SALVATION

Germany--Weimar Republic-1920’s

What is going on in this picture?

World War 1 and the Treaty of Versailles leaves Germany angry,

poor and dangerous

Hitler & GermanyPromised the people work and

a stable governmentIncreased his power through

forceArrested enemies and opponents

Built up the armed forces

Nazi Germany – Adolf Hitler Extreme

nationalism and racism

Militaristic expansionism

Private property with strong government controls

Anticommunist and Anti-Jew

January 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany

The Nazi State 1933-1945

Total State control techniques propaganda

masters mass

demonstrations

rearmament of the military – put everyone to work!

Retake land

SS control of police using terror based on Nazi ideology (secret police,camps execution and extermination)

Nazi Propaganda—Hitler Youth

Mussolini “Il Duce” & Italy

In 1919 Mussolini forms the Fascist party

Appointed prime minister in 1922

Italy was plagued with PovertyUnemploymentsocial unrest

Fascist Italy – Benito Mussolini

Extreme nationalism Militaristic

expansionism Private property with

strong government controls

Anticommunist

What did he do once in power?

Suspended electionsBanned labor unionsOutlawed opposing political

partiesCensored the pressEmployed spies and secret

police

1936-1939 Spanish Civil War

Francisco Franco leads a military rebellion in Spain

Italy and Germany send supplies, weapons and troops

Franco wins and sets up a facist dictatorship

Japan Japanese islands – growing population but

limited resources

Need to conquer others obtain resources (oil,

steel and rubber)

As military gets more successful, they get more

power eventually controlling entire

governmentHideki Tojo – Japan Imperialist Military Regime

Action and Reaction!

Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years.

1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes

1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes

Hitler announces new Air Force

Compulsory Military Service Troops enter the

Rhineland

League of Nations lodges a formal protest.

1935 Italy Invades Ethiopia Ethiopian Forces cannot stop the invasion Ethiopia Annexed Rome-Berlin Axis formed

League of Nations imposes trade sanctions on Italy. U.S. refuses to

do so…

1936-1939 Spanish Civil War

Francisco Franco leads a military rebellion in Spain

Italy and Germany send supplies, weapons and troops

Franco wins and sets up a totalitarian dictatorship

Some U.S. volunteers fight but congress passes Neutrality Acts keeping the U.S. from

getting involved…

Nanjing

1937 Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing Japanese army invades

Nanjing 300,000 dead 20,000 women raped “Rape of Nanjing”

Roosevelt calls for “quarantine” against

aggressive nations like Japan

Japan invades Vietnam, Formosa, Korea, much of China and several Pacific

Islands…

1938 German Anschluss with Austria Hitler pressures the

Austrian Government to join with Germany.

March – troops cross border without opposition

League of Nations lodges a formal protest.

‘38

1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia

Hitler claims that Germans need “Lebensraum” – Living Space

Wants to join the “Sudetenland” of Southern Czechoslovakia with Germany – threatens to invade

British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain signs the Munich Pact September, 1938

Troops enter the Sudetenland…

I Bring You Peace

In Our Time!

On March 15, 1939…Hitler invades the rest of

Czechoslovakia…

Britain and France warn them not to invade anyone else…

1939 Germany Attacks Poland

Early ‘39 Germany signs a “non-aggression” Pact with the Soviet-Union!

(we thought Hitler hated Communism…)

Pact allows German forces to invade Poland without Soviet interference

Blitzkrieg tactics Soviets invade from the East

September 1, 1939 Germany invades

Poland!

France and Britain declare war on Germany.

They are helpless to prevent the takeover of

Poland…

World War II BEGINS…

1940 Germany Invades Low Countries and France • Hitler moves troops to

Germanys western borders.

• He attacked and captured Denmark, Netherlands and Belgium

• Invades France trapping British and French troops

• Italy declares war on France and England

Reaction!

• Britain sends every boat possible to evacuate trapped allied forces at Dunkirk

• FRANCE SURRENDERS!

1940 Germany attacks Britain (Battle of Britain) German planes flew

raids against British ports, airfields and industry

Later, bombing targets shift to large cities

British fighter pilots shoot down more than 600 aircraft. British

citizens withstood bombing raids.U.S. begins sending aid to Britain

under the Lend-Lease act

1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor• 300 Japanese bombers and fighter planes attack

the U.S. military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii• They cripple the U.S. fleet, damaging or sinking

18 ships and 300 aircraft

reaction!

The Next Day, President Roosevelt asks Congress to declare war on Japan