World-Wide Depression and the Rise of Militarism

Key Terms

Totalitarianism:A form of government that controls every

aspect of its citizens’ lives. Citizens have no rights. No opposition.

FascismPolitical philosophy that places the

importance of the nation over the individual. Nationalism! Dictator!

Nationalism – an extreme form of patriotism. Glorifying and increasing the influence of one’s own country (often at the expense of others)

Militarism - Glorifying and building up your military. Using military force to promote your countries goals.

Communist Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin

Create a sound communist state and wait for world revolution

Revolution by workers State ownership of

property

Stalin’s Plan 2 Main goals:

Raise agriculture productionModernize industry

Five-Year Plan:Take private lands from farmers -

collectivizationThose who refuse forced into hard labor

in concentration campsExport food for profit = famine

The Great Purge:

Secret policeUse of force against all other political parties and those who stood against him.

Difficulties in Germany

High debts from WWIHigh unemploymentMassive inflation in the 1920s

The Weimar Republic:The Weimar Republic: discredited in the eyes of the world discredited in the eyes of the world

AND GermanyAND Germany Blame of communists, Jews and Blame of communists, Jews and

liberals for the problems of the liberals for the problems of the Weimar Republic.Weimar Republic.

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Political Extremism—Communist Political Extremism—Communist and fascist and extreme and fascist and extreme nationalistnationalist

Economic disaster!Economic disaster!

The people are looking for SALVATION

Germany--Weimar Republic-1920’s

What is going on in this picture?

Hitler & GermanyPromised the people work and

a stable governmentIncreased his power through

forceArrested enemies and opponents

Built up the armed forces

Nazi Germany – Adolf Hitler Extreme

nationalism and racism

Militaristic expansionism

Private property with strong government controls

Anticommunist

January 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany

The Nazi State 1933-1945

Total State control Total State control techniquestechniques propaganda propaganda

mastersmasters mass mass

demonstrationdemonstrationss

rearmament of rearmament of the military – the military – put everyone put everyone to work!to work!

Retake landRetake land

SS control of SS control of police using police using terror based terror based on Nazi on Nazi ideology ideology (secret (secret police,camps police,camps execution and execution and extermination)extermination)

Nazi Propaganda—Hitler Youth

Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years.

1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes

1935-1936 Germany remilitarizes

Hitler announces new Air Force

Compulsory Military Service Troops enter the

Rhineland

League of Nations lodges a formal protest.

1938 German Anschluss with Austria

Hitler pressures the Austrian Government to join with Germany.

March – troops cross border without opposition

League of Nations lodges a formal protest.

‘38

1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia

Hitler claims that Germans need “Lebensraum” – Living Space

Wants to join the “Sudetenland” of Southern Czechoslovakia with Germany – threatens to invade

British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain signs the Munich Pact September, 1938

Troops enter the Sudetenland…

I Bring You Peace

In Our Time!

On March 15, 1939…Hitler invades the rest of

Czechoslovakia…

Britain and France warn them not to invade anyone else…

Mussolini “Il Duce” & Italy

In 1919 Mussolini forms the Fascist party

Appointed prime minister in 1922

Italy was plagued with PovertyUnemploymentsocial unrest

Fascist Italy – Benito Mussolini

Extreme nationalism Militaristic

expansionism Charismatic leader Private property with

strong government controls

Anticommunist

What did he do once in power?

Suspended electionsBanned labor unionsOutlawed opposing political

partiesCensored the pressEmployed spies and secret

police

1935 Italy Invades Ethiopia Ethiopian Forces cannot stop the invasion Ethiopia Annexed Rome-Berlin Axis formed

League of Nations imposes trade sanctions on Italy. U.S. refuses to

do so…

1936-1939 Spanish Civil War

Francisco Franco leads a military rebellion in Spain

Italy and Germany send supplies, weapons and troops

Franco wins and sets up a totalitarian dictatorship

Some U.S. volunteers fight but congress passes Neutrality Acts keeping the U.S. from

getting involved…

Other faces

Hideki Tojo – Japan Imperialist Military Regime

Francisco Franco – Spain Fascist Dictatorship

1937 Japanese troops massacre civilians in Nanjing Japanese army invades

Nanjing 300,000 dead 20,000 women raped “Rape of Nanjing”

Roosevelt calls for “quarantine” against

aggressive nations like Japan

Japan invades Vietnam, Formosa, Korea, much of China and several Pacific

Islands…