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Page 1: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

WORM DISSECTION

Page 2: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

KIDSPIRATION by Riedell

Page 3: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

CLASSIFICATION

Kingdom: Phylum: Class:

ANIMALIA

Annelida “little rings”

OLIGOCHAETA “few bristles”

Page 4: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

SETA (plural: setae)

http://www.pgjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/science/whitaker/Animal_Kingdom/Earthworm/Earthworm.html

BRISTLES on VENTRAL surface

Page 5: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

SETAE- Provide traction

http://www.dof.virginia.gov/images/anim-worm-crawl.gif

http://www.greatbluemarble.com/robin_pulling_worm_ground_md_wht.gif

Page 6: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

Segmentation

Compartments allow

individual parts to move independently

Damage insurance

If one section is damaged, others can still function

http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/earthworm_dissection.htm

BIODIDAC

Page 7: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

Cartoon by:

Gary Larson

Page 8: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

WHICH END IS WHICH?

CLITELLUM = ring • Doesn’t go all the way around

• Closest to anterior end

• Makes mucous for reproduction

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

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2 opening digestive system

MOUTH ANUS Prostomium

covers/protects mouth opening senses light/dark, chemicals (food), vibration

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005 Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

Page 10: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

PROSTOMIUM

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EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

DORSAL BLOOD VESSEL CAMOUFLAGE

http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BioG101-104/tutorials/animals/earthworm.html

Page 12: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

CUTICLE (non-cellular protective layer)

http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/lum/cuticle.html

http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/lum/cuticle.html

http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/lum/cuticle.html
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RESPIRATORY No respiratory organs

Skin must stay moist for gas exchange

Glands produce mucous

http://www.wildlifetrust.org.uk/cheshire/IMAGES/watch_earthworm.jpg

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SURVIVING HOT DRY CONDITIONS Worms tunnel deeper into the soil Roll into a ball Cover themselves with mucous Slow their body functions down “Suspended animation” = ESTIVATION Wait for conditions to improve

http://www.backyardnature.net/earthwrm.htm

Page 15: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Earthworms are hermaphrodites

HAVE BOTH MALE & FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS in same worm

Page 16: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

OVARIES – make eggs TESTES- make sperm

Page 17: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

MALE GENITAL PORE- releases sperm to give away

FEMALE GENITAL PORE- releases eggs

OPENINGS to SEMINAL RECEPTACLES- receive

sperm from other worms when trade

http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/earthworm_dissection.htm

Page 18: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

EXTERNAL STRUCTURES

SPERM GROOVE- carries sperm from MALE GENITAL PORE down to CLITELLUM

Image by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

Page 19: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Earthworms are HERMAPHRODITES BUT. . . DON’T fertilize themselves!

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Mating_earthworms.jpg

Page 20: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION

Produce COCOONS made of MUCOUS and CHITIN (tough carbohydrate)

Page 21: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

Animated images from: http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/worms/anatomy/anatomy5.html

DIRECT DEVELOPMENT

http://blogs.salon.com/0003248/images/worm_cocoons.jpg

Earthworms produce between 4 - 70 cocoons per year. Each cocoon may contain 2-20 embryos. Baby worms hatch after a few weeks

Page 22: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

LOOK INSIDE

Page 23: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

COELOM = space around organs

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal ©2005

Page 24: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

INTERNAL STRUCTURES

EUCOELOMATES “true” coelom

http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/onlinebio/annelidbodyxs.gif

http://www.lander.edu/RSFOX/310images/310bilatImage.html

Page 25: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

SEPTUM (pl. SEPTA)

Dividing walls separate coelom into compartments

Image from: BIODIDAC

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal ©2005

Page 26: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

SKELETAL “hydrostatic skeleton”

Fluid in coelom protects organs and provides support

http://www.wildlifetrust.org.uk/cheshire/IMAGES/watch_earthworm.jpg

http://blog.tricerion.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/balloon.jpg

Page 27: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

NEPHRIDIUM pl. NEPHRIDIA EXCRETORY TUBULES

http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/review/excretory.html

Collect & excrete NITROGEN WASTE Osmoregulation

Page 28: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

INTERNAL STRUCTURES

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/16labman05/lb6pg3_files/wormnephridia.jpg

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SEMINAL VESICLES

STORE SPERM MADE BY WORM TO “GIVE AWAY” TO OTHERS

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal©2005

Page 30: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

SEMINAL RECEPTACLES Store sperm received from other worms during sex

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal©2005

Page 31: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

CLOSED circulatory system

DORSAL BLOOD VESSEL VENTRAL BLOOD VESSEL

Page 32: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

DORSAL BLOOD VESSEL

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal ©2005

Images by Riedell/VanderWal©2005

Page 33: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal

5 AORTIC ARCHES act as “heart” to pump blood

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal ©2005

Page 34: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

Image from: http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/worms/anatomy/anatomy6.html

Page 35: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

INTERNAL STRUCTURES

http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/earthworm_dissection.htm

Page 36: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

PHARYNX PHARYNX Muscular tube pulls in food

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal ©2005

Page 37: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

CROP-stores food waiting to be digested

GIZZARD- grind and mash food

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal ©2005

INTERNAL STRUCTURES

Page 38: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

INTESTINE- absorbs nutrients

ADAPTATIONS for getting nutrients out of SOIL

1. REALLY LONG INTESTINE- so food spends long time passing through

2. TYPHLOSOLE- ridge inside increases surface area for more absorption

Images by Riedell/Vanderwal ©2005

Page 39: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

TYPHLOSOLE Ridge inside intestine

increases surface area so more nutrients are absorbed

http://www.uleth.ca/bio/bio1020/images/worm2.jpg

Page 40: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

TYPHLOSOLE inside intestine

Image by Riedell/Vanderwal ©2005

Page 41: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc)

Return nutrients to soil

Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots

Tunnels loosen soil so roots can grow more easily

Earthworms play an important role in soil fertility

“intestines of the earth”

~ Aristotle

http://www.semioticon.com/seo/N/images/niche_3.png

"...it may be doubted if there are any other animals which have

played such an important part in the history of the world as these

lowly organized creatures." ~ Charles Darwin

Page 42: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

UNDERNEATH DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

VENTRAL NERVE CORD

(nerves usually white)

VENTRAL BLOOD VESSEL (usually dark)

Image by: Riedell/Vanderwal © 2005

Page 43: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

REMEMBER embryo orientation is flipped in vertebrates and invertebrates!

Images modified from: http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/16anim3.htm

Page 44: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

Most INVERTEBRATES have a DORSAL HEART & a VENTRAL NERVE CORD

ALL VERTEBRATES have a DORSAL NERVE CORD & a VENTRAL HEART.

BODY PLANS are also flipped!

Page 45: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

GANGLIA= nerve center If in located in head and acting as “brain” = CEREBRAL GANGLIA

http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BioG101-104/tutorials/animals/earthworm.html

Page 46: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Image from: http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/Animal%20Diversity/Protostomes/mollusks.htm#Chelicerates%20(subphylum%20Chelicerata

Page 47: WORM DISSECTION...Decompose organic matter (dead leaves, animal waste, etc) Return nutrients to soil Burrowing allows air and water to penetrate to roots Tunnels loosen soil so roots

Image from: http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/worms/anatomy/anatomy8.html


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