WWIIThe history that led up to U.S.

involvement

On worksheet, make some doodles to summarize what you hear in the chapter summary

Tompkins: page 1437

Listen and “doodle” what you hear

President Wilson pushes his 14 points◦ Wants a lasting peace that promotes self-

determination and fairness (see next slide) In peace talks, he gives up on most of them

in order to have the League of Nations

U.S. Senate rejects the treaty◦ No more helping others with bloody conflicts!

Treaty of Versailles Review

1. No more secret agreements ("Open covenants openly arrived at"). 2. Free navigation of all seas. 3. An end to all economic barriers between countries. 4. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. 5. All decisions regarding the colonies should be impartial 6. The German Army is to be removed from Russia. Russia should be left

to develop her own political set-up. 7. Belgium should be independent like before the war. 8. France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace-Lorraine 9. All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy's borders are to "along

    clearly recognizable lines of nationality." 10. Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria-

Hungary. 11. Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be

allowed for the Balkan states. 12. The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government.

Non-Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves. 13. An independent Poland should be created which should have access

to the sea. 14. A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and

territorial independence of all states.

“War Guilt Clause”◦ forces Germany to take blame and pay other

nations for the cost of the war Banned Germany from maintaining an army Took some of Germany’s land away Stripped Germany of colonies in the Pacific

(where it made a lot of money)

The Treaty of Versailles and Germany

1st “Red Scare” – communism developing…we’re afraid of the unknown

Anti-immigrant hysteria

20’s: Urban life, consumer goods leisure activities, speak-easies

30’s: Market crashes… Great Depression

Foreign Policy: ISOLATIONISM (we’ll trade with you, but keep us out of your problems)

20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?U.S.

Government: New Name: Weimar Republic

◦ Trying on new governments (got rid of previous ruler)◦ Inexperienced with democracy…lots of parties trying to gain

power…lots of instability

The public later blamed the government (not the war leaders) for the war and the war-guilt clause

Economy: WWI crippled the German economy Money is worthless, people are in despair Great Depression hits, unemployment goes up Looking for relief and order

20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Germany

Pic of German Inflation

Economic Help for Germany:The Dawes Plan Charles Dawes =

American Banker

Dawes Plan lent out $200 million to Germany to stabilize their currency and economy

Set a more realistic schedule for Germany to pay back money owed from war

Rise of Hitler Hitler –

◦ Powerful public speaker – became leader of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis) Wants to:

Unite all German-speaking people in an empire (only “Aryans”) Expand German territory Restore German pride(desperate)

◦ 1933 Hitler becomes Prime Minister and establishes the Third Reich (Third German Empire)

Unemployment, inflation, workers’ strikes Middle and Upper classes demanded strong

leadership Benito Mussolini takes charge 1922

◦ Totalitarian (crushed all opposition)◦ Anti-communist◦ Fascism: having a strong nation means putting

the nation before yourself and letting power rest in one individual/small group of party

members

20’s and 30’s:What’s Going On?Italy

1936 – Civil War breaks out◦ Francisco Franco leads revolt against the

republic

Many people passionate about stopping Franco (who was a fascist dictator)◦ Some Americans volunteered to go over and

help

America and previous allies remained neutral

Mussolini and Hitler sent men and equipment to help◦ Franco wins

20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Spain

Japanese leaders wanted to expand territory

1931 Japan successfully invaded China◦ Manchuria – huge land mass with lots of resources

League of Nations looked into this act of aggression◦ Finds Japan at fault and condemns them◦ Japan quits the League◦ Everybody around the world notices this lack of “punishment”…

20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Japan

Russian Revolution –everyday people were upset at conditions…overthrew Czar…in hopes of democracy

Lenin took control of country until death in 1924 Joseph Stalin takes over – goal is to turn Russia

(now Soviet Union) into great industrial nation◦ He looks after all economic activity◦ Soviet Union becomes 2nd largest industrial power by 1937

Stalin is BRUTAL totalitarian– kills anyone who threatens his power.

◦ Some estimate he was responsible for ◦ 8-13 million deaths

20’s and 30’s: What’s Going On?Soviet Union (Russia)

Germany pushes limits◦ Sends troops into demilitarized zone (Rhineland)◦ Appeasement – Britain/France do nothing (for

fear of starting another war) Next takes Austria and Czechoslovakia Germany wants more…other countries

getting nervous Hitler turns sights to Poland

Read and summarize page 1446-1447

War in Europe - Appeasement

Still very strongly Isolationists 1935 – Neutrality Acts

◦ Outlawed weapon sales or loans to nations at war or in a civil war

Roosevelt is struggling to remain neutral◦ Japan attacks China again but doesn’t declare war◦ FDR says its okay to send weapons/supplies to

China

What was the U.S. doing during alll of this?

September 1939 – Germany attacks Poland, Britain and France declare war Soon… Axis powers form (Germany, Italy, Japan)

FDR persuades Congress to revise the neutrality acts.◦ Allowed warring nations to buy weapons from

us…as long as they used cash and transported them themselves

◦ FDR soon sends Britain many supplies and trades a few warships for spots at military bases

Moving away from Neutrality

After seeing so many Nazi victories, Congress increases military spending◦ First peacetime draft for military◦ 16 million men are registered

FDR tells America that if Hitler isn’t stopped, we’d be living at German gunpoint

Lend-Lease Act◦ The U.S. would lease arms to any country “whose

defense was vital to the United states”

Congress has a change of heart

Video time

Using textbook pages 1481-1485, describe how the U.S. got involved in WW2.

In your NoTeS: 1. Answer all the green question boxes 2. Answer Skillbuilider questions 1 and 2 3. Answer Critical Thinking question #3 on

page 1487 4. Look at the timeline pages 1488-1489

Your Task:

The 2 “sides” Axis

◦Germany◦Japan◦Italy And more…

Allies◦United Kingdom◦United States◦Soviet Union

(eventually)◦France And more…

Isolationism - but FDR sees conflict and starts preparing for war

1939 – neutrality act – “cash and carry” for Brit./Fr.

1940 – increased spending for nat’l defenseSelective Service Act – 1st peace time draft

1941 – Lend-Lease Act – arms to countries vital to U.S.

1941 – Germany turns on Sov.Un. – we give arms to Stalin

1941 – FDR allows navy to attack German U boats in self-defense

U.S Moves Toward War

1941 – Atlantic Charter Secret mtg between U.S. and BritainAgree to help each other/other nations out26 countries sign….more later…..

1941 (Sept.) – Germans attack U.S. ships – undeclared naval war with Germany

U.S. cuts off fuel for Japan (didn’t like their invasions)

Dec. 7th 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, HawaiiDamages to U.S. are more than all of WWI

U.S. declares war on JapanGermany and Italy declare war on U.S.

Now we’ll be studying what the fighting abroad did to the folks at home….

We’re In….