wwmt-d1s1-water technologies by jclement

8/3/2019 WWMT-D1S1-Water Technologies by JClement

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Overview of Water TreatmentOverview of Water Treatment

Jonathan ClementJonathan Clement

PWNTPWNT

--



OverviewOverview

IntroductionIntroduction driversdrivers

membrane filtrationmembrane filtration

desalinationdesalination -- RORO



Need for treatmentNeed for treatment

SafeSafe

– – removal or inactivation of pathogens ( viruses &removal or inactivation of pathogens ( viruses &bacteria)bacteria)

– – reduction in microreduction in micro--contaminantscontaminants

• pesticides, pharmaceuticals est et csest et cs

– – Colour, turbidityColour, turbidity

– – Taste and odourTaste and odour

– – AnimalsAnimals



Water Scarcity – perceived vs. real

Real water scarcitywater is not resent in an condition or anquantity within the region

water is present in an highly impaired form andconsidered not useable.

A signficant amount of the world’s waterscarcity problems are percived



conventional treatmentconventional treatment

Highly accessible, relatively pure sources ofHighly accessible, relatively pure sources ofwater that require ‘conventional treatmentwater that require ‘conventional treatment’’

– – a e, reservo r or r vera e, reservo r or r ver

Conventional treatmentConventional treatment – – ses arge an areases arge an area

– – Can handle mainly only low to moderate levels ofCan handle mainly only low to moderate levels ofTDS and TOC etcTDS and TOC etc



Conventional TreatmentConventional Treatment

Coagulation

Flocculation

Sedimentation

Filtration



sourcesourcesourcesource

clarificationclarificationclarificationclarification

disinfectiondisinfectiondisinfectiondisinfection



classic clarificationclassic clarification

mixing coagulant

flocculation sludge blanketsludge blanket

(flotation)

filtration



coagulation separation technologiescoagulation separation technologies

horizontal sedimentationhorizontal sedimentation




horizontal sedimentationhorizontal sedimentation

sludge blanket clarificationsludge blanket clarification



sludge blanket clarifierssludge blanket clarifiers

slow and elaborate start-up

very sensitive for flow changes

erratic response to raw water changes

number of operation protocols equal to

bigger units without sludge scrapers (most)

can (will) suffer of anaerobic conditions




horizontal sedimentationhorizontal sedimentationsludge blanket clarificationsludge blanket clarification

lamella sedimentationlamella sedimentation



Aquadaf processAquadaf process

20



qua aqua a g ra e o a ong ra e o a on

Higher removal of Algae comparedHigher removal of Algae compared to otherto otherprocessesprocesses

Need to worry about airNeed to worry about air recurculationrecurculation

Removing floating sludgeRemoving floating sludge

Not very useful for high sedimentNot very useful for high sediment – – river watersriver waters






ActifloActiflo ® ®



ActifloActiflo – – MultifloMultiflosand ballasted flocculationsand ballasted flocculation



horizontal sedimentation

sludge blanket clarifiers

lamella sedimentation

Actiflo

flotation

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40



horizontal sedimentation

sludge blanketclarifiers

lamella sedimentation

flotationflotation

Actiflo

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

earear



What?What? — — Types of MembranesTypes of Membranes

Ultrafiltration (UF)Ultrafiltration (UF)

Reverse Osmosis (RO)Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Electrodial sis/Electrodial sis Reversal (ED/EDR)Electrodial sis/Electrodial sis Reversal (ED/EDR) Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)



What?What? — — MF/UF Does:MF/UF Does:

Low turbidity filtered waterLow turbidity filtered water

Excellent cyst removalExcellent cyst removal

Filtration independent ofFiltration independent ofpretreatmentpretreatment



Membrane Removal SizeMembrane Removal Size

Size, MicronsIonic Range

0.001

Molecular RangeMacro

Molecular RangeMicro

Particle Range Macro Particle Range

Molecular Weight(approx..)

(nanometer). . .

100 1,000 100,000 500,000

Relative

Sizes

BacteriarusesDissolved Salts

(ions)

Algae

Organics (e.g., Color)

Clays Silt

Asbestos Fibers

Sand

Separation

ProcessMicrofiltration

Ultrafiltration

Nano

Reverse

Osmosis

Conventional Filtration

(granular media)

filtration



FILTERED WATERMF/UFMF/UFHollow FiberHollow Fiber

membrane fibersper module.(Outside-In

FEED



Membrane MaterialsMembrane Materials –– mostmosthydrophilic to hydrophobichydrophilic to hydrophobic

Polycarbonate (PC);Polycarbonate (PC); PolyacrylonitrilePolyacrylonitrile (PAN);(PAN);

PolyetherPolyether sulphonesulphone blended with 1%blended with 1%polyvinylpropylenepolyvinylpropylene (PES/PVP);(PES/PVP);

PolysulphonePolysulphone (PS);(PS);

Teflon (PTFE);Teflon (PTFE);

PolyvinylidenePolyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF);fluoride (PVDF); Polypropylene (PP);Polypropylene (PP);



What is Flux?What is Flux?

Filtrate Flow / Membrane AreaFiltrate Flow / Membrane Area – – Like Hydraulic LoadingLike Hydraulic Loading

FluxFlux – –

Specific Flux / TMP pressureSpecific Flux / TMP pressure

– – lm2h/barlm2h/barempera ure orrec e pec c uxempera ure orrec e pec c ux

– – Lm2h/bar at 20CLm2h/bar at 20C

– – PermeabilityPermeability



What is Sustainable Flux?What is Sustainable Flux?

The flux that can be operated at the design flow with:The flux that can be operated at the design flow with:

– – Reliable CapacityReliable Capacity

– – Acce table Ener UseAcce table Ener Use

– – BW, CEBW, CIP IntervalBW, CEBW, CIP Interval

– – Recover Permeability PostRecover Permeability Post--CIPCIP

– –

– – Long Membrane LifeLong Membrane Life



yearsyears

300,00

250,00

1 0 C ]

150,00

200,00

( l / h

. m 2 . b a r ) a

100,00

e r m e a b i l i t y [

0,00

50,00

10-06-1999 09-06-2000 09-06-2001 09-06-2002 09-06-2003 08-06-2004

11/18B&V -

date



Im ortance of Pilotin - TOC

1 0

( p s i )

3 0

3 6T O C

S u p p l ie r B

S u p p l ie r A

6

8

S u

p p l i e r B T M

1 8

2 4

S u p pl i er A

T

4

T O C ( m g / L ) a n

1 2

P ( p si )

0

0 2 /1 4 /0 5 0 2 /1 5 /0 5 0 2 /1 6 /0 5 0 2 /1 7 /0 5 0 2 /1 8 /0 5 0 2 /1 9 /0 5 0 2 /2 0 /0 5 0 2 /2 1 /0 5

0

6

a te



Value of Pilot Testin – Water Reuse Bel iumKNOKKE HEIST

Temperature, Flux and TMP

90

100 25

TMP Flux (lmh) Temperature

No Coa ulant

60

70

80

( l m

h )

15

20

T e m

30

40

50

T M P ( k P a ) , F l u

10

p er a t ur e ( o C )

0

10

20

0

5

0 1 / 0 8 / 0

1 1 / 0 8 / 0

2 1 / 0 8 / 0

3 1 / 0 8 / 0

1 0 / 0 9 / 0

2 0 / 0 9 / 0

3 0 / 0 9 / 0

1 0 / 1 0 / 0

2 0 / 1 0 / 0

3 0 / 1 0 / 0

0 9 / 1 1 / 0

1 9 / 1 1 / 0

2 9 / 1 1 / 0

0 9 / 1 2 / 0

1 9 / 1 2 / 0

2 9 / 1 2 / 0

0 8 / 0 1 / 0

1 8 / 0 1 / 0

2 8 / 0 1 / 0

Date



Material?Material?



ceram c mem raneceram c mem raneadvantagesadvantages

long life expectancy > 15 years?

and oxidants

very narrow pore size distribution

and BW pressure



Ceramic Membrane ElementCeramic Membrane Element



UVUV

Can provide chemical free disinfection of virusesCan provide chemical free disinfection of viruses

and bacteriaand bacteria

Dose selection issuesDose selection issues

Critical to ick credible su liersCritical to ick credible su liers – – validation (what and how)validation (what and how)

– – complex hydraulicscomplex hydraulics

– –



UV MARKET TRENDSUV MARKET TRENDS

•• Some issuesSome issues•• UV Dose versus InactivationUV Dose versus Inactivation

••

R A N S F E R

R A N S F E R

•• Low Wavelength ImpactsLow Wavelength Impacts

•• Medium pressure output below 254 nmMedium pressure output below 254 nm

K E T

T E C H

T

K E T

T E C H

T

•• New EntrantsNew Entrants•• Trojan goes low Trojan goes low – – Solo lampSolo lamp

A B L E

M A

R

A B L E

M A

R •• ITT goes me umITT goes me um

P O P O



11/18B&V -



vancevance ox at onox at on processesprocesses

s n ec ons n ec on

micromicro--contaminant reduction andcontaminant reduction andu nu n

ozoneozone based processesbased processes

– – 33 22 22 rea menrea men

– – OO33/UV treatment/UV treatment

– – Fe(II)/HFe(II)/H22OO22 treatmenttreatment

22 22



UV hydrogen peroxideUV hydrogen peroxide

com nes an y rogen perox e ocom nes an y rogen perox e o

formform .. OH radicalsOH radicals--

reduction and destructionreduction and destruction

strong alternative to NF or RO no wastestrong alternative to NF or RO no waste

minimal disinfection byminimal disinfection by--product formationproduct formation

AwwaRF 2758



UV + 8 ppm PeroxideUV + 5 ppm PeroxideUV OnlyShane Snyder - PI

Triclosan

Er throm cin

Sulfamethoxazole

Trimethoprim

04/17

0 20 40 60 80 100

% Removal



MIEXMIEX

magnetic resin removal systemmagnetic resin removal system

suspended ion exchangesuspended ion exchange

--

uses salt for regenerationuses salt for regeneration

MIEX Uses Magnetized AnionicMIEX Uses Magnetized Anionic



Uses ag et ed o cUses ag et ed o c



limitations MIEX ®

major part of the resin is re-circulated or re-used

without regeneration leading to: –

– resin ‘blinding’

– high resin concentration and/or contact times

res n an tec no ogy can on y e purc ase romone supplier



Seawater DesalinationSeawater Desalination

Depending on data sourceDepending on data source

76%76% -- 83% of the world’s population83% of the world’s populationis within the reach of seawateris within the reach of seawater

Unlimited supplyUnlimited supply

High costHigh cost

Large carbon footprintLarge carbon footprint

RO is dominant technologyRO is dominant technology

PrePre--treatment of RO is essentialtreatment of RO is essential – – Limited success of conventional treatmentLimited success of conventional treatmentDAF, Coagulation etcDAF, Coagulation etc



• a or mprovements n t e past years

• Further improvements are likely to beincremental

• Recover limited to ~ 50%:• Brine discharge (environmental concerns)

-

•Use prime (electric) energy (~ 2.5 kWh percu c me er o pro uc wa er

Potential Cost Reduction



Potential Cost Reduction

/ m 3

C

o s t U S $



11/18/2011B&V - 55

professor Huisman



professor Huisman

… the beauty of this technology

has never been surpassed ….

…. this technology has however one drawback …

… it is very expensive …

… for that reason

you will only find it

in developing countries …



for emerging countries andfor emerging countries andto achieve Millennium Development Goals ?to achieve Millennium Development Goals ?

not outdated (expensive) technologies

not high-tech (expensive) technologiesthat requires high educated operation and

maintenance but smart robust technologies, easy to operate,

with low investment and operational costs



Last thoughtLast thought

Choose the technology very carefullyChoose the technology very carefully

Many conventional systems last 50+ yearsMany conventional systems last 50+ years’’ – –

Small and compactSmall and compact – – easier to changeeasier to change

Any Questions?

Any Questions?



Any Questions?Any Questions?

02/01Foote

wwmt-d1s1-water technologies by jclement

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