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The E-Carbon Cycle
Where, What, How…?
Earth Science for KS4
Earth Science Education Unitwww.earthscienceeducation.com
© The Earth Science Education UnitCopyright is waived for original material contained herein if it is required for use within the laboratory or classroom. Copyright material included from other publishers rests with them.
The E-Carbon CycleWhere, What, How …?
Introducing these:
• Where, What, How …? - where we find carbon, what it is found in and how it is cycled
• How could we …? - show how parts of the carbon cycle work
• How much …? - carbon is there, and how much is cycled
• Teacher resources
All this - and more - through this interactive PowerPoint
The E-Carbon Cycle
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The Carbon Cycle - Where?
Where does Carbon occur on the Earth?
Coal?Oil?Gas?
Limestone?
In Rocks?
Plants? Animals? Dissolved?
Gases?Particles?
Hay Fever?Rain?
In the Atmosphere?
Click for Hints and Help
In Water?
On the Land?
Plants? Animals? Soil? Streams?
The Carbon Cycle – What is the carbon in?
Gases: Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)Particles: Soot …Hay Fever: Pollen, sporesRain: Dissolved carbon dioxide
In the atmosphere
On the land, and in water
Plants:Animals:
Soil: Plant and animal remains, living bugsStreams: Plants and animals, dissolved gas
All cells: leaves, roots, skin, bone
In rocks
Coal: CarbonOil: Hydrocarbon liquidsGas: Methane (CH4), ethane, propane…Limestone: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
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Use PgDn or to move through the cycle
The Carbon Cycle – How does carbon move around the cycle?
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The AtmosphereHow does
carbon become‘fixed’?
Water
?Solution
Plants on Land Plants in Water
?Photosynthesis
Carbon in soft partsCalcium
Carbonate in hard parts
LandAnimals
AquaticAnimals
? ?
?
?
??
?
DeathDeath
Egestion Egestion
?
Coal & Gas
Oil
Limestone
Burial to Rock
Plants
‘Hard’ Parts?
Soil
Sediment
Burial to Rock
Precipitation
Eaten Eaten
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The Atmosphere
Water
?Solution
Plants on Land Plants in Water
?Photosynthesis
LandAnimals
AquaticAnimals
? ?
?
?
??
?
DeathDeath
Egestion Egestion
?
Coal & Gas
Oil
Limestone
Burial to Rock
Plants
‘Hard’ Parts?
Soil
Sediment
Burial to Rock
Precipitation
How doescarbon become
‘released’?
?
?Combustion
?
?
Weathering
Respiration
Decomposition
Eaten Eaten
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How does Carbon move
between…
hydrospherebiosphere
atmosphere
lithosphere
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The Carbon CycleWhat are the processes?
The processes are:
• Photosynthesis• Consumption• Egestion• Death• Solution• Burial and decomposition• Burial to rock• Weathering• Combustion• Respiration
The products are in ...
• Atmosphere• Plants• Animals• Water• Soil• Coal & gas• Oil• Limestone
What contains the products?
The E-Carbon CycleHow could we …?
… show that the atmosphere contains solid carbon?
We could place a collector like this on the roof of the building, or, high enough that winds will catch the device. Under most conditions, plenty of fine atmospheric debris should be collectable in 24 hours. Then we can study the slides under a microscope.
The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?
We could draw air through limewater by using a water jet pump.If CO2 is present in the air, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and turn it milky.
The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?
… show that the atmosphere contains carbon dioxide?
We could blow into limewater through a straw. If CO2 is present in our breath, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and turn it milky.
How could we find out if our breath contains more CO2 (i.e. a greater proportion of CO2) than the atmosphere?
- Food for thought.
… show that land animals produce CO2 in respiration?
The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?
We could try burning parts of plants (e.g. cereal grains) or parts of animals (e.g. meat, fat) to see what the remains look like. If they are black and sooty, or black and hard like charcoal - then this is carbon.
… show that plants and animalscontain carbon?
Beware: consider food allergy risk with this activity
The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?
We could react some crushed shells with acid and pass the gas produced over limewater. If CO2 is released, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and turn it milky. Since the acid contains no carbon, it can only have come from the crushed shells.
Rubber tube
LimeWater
C onical FlaskConic al Flask
Crushed Limestone
Dil HCl
Crushed Shells
The Atmosphere
Solution
Water
Eaten
Aquatic Animals
The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?…show that the shells of marine
organisms contain carbon?
… show that limestone contains CO2?
We could try heating limestone to break it down, collecting any gases produced, and passing these over limewater. If CO2 is present in the gases, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and turn it milky.
How could we show that the extra CO2 is coming from the
decomposing limestone and is not natural CO2 from the air or
produced by the burning of the natural gas?
- Food for thought.
Major Forest Fire Samos, Greece Marble hill top has been heated so
fiercely that has been Calcined
Samos on Fire2000
The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?
… show that the combustion of coal, oil and gas releases CO2?
We could collect the gases released by the burning of these fuels and pass them over limewater. If CO2 is present in the gases, it should react with the limewater to precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and turn it milky.
The Carbon Cycle – How could we …?
The E-Carbon CycleHow much …?
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The Atmosphere
WaterPlants on Land Plants in Water
?Photosynthesis
LandAnimals
AquaticAnimals
? ?
?
?
??
?
DeathDeath
Egestion Egestion
?
Coal & Gas
Oil
Limestone
Burial to Rock
Plants
‘Hard’ Parts?
Soil
Sediment
Burial to Rock
Precipitation
?
?Combustion
?
Weathering
Respiration
Decomposition
How much in…?
Click to proceed
Solution
Eaten Eaten
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The Carbon Cycle - How Much on Earth?
Atmosphere?Coal, oil & gas?
Organisms (land and marine plants and animals)?Rocks (including limestone)?
Soil?Water (oceans and rivers)?
Which contains the most carbon? -Which contains the least?
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The Carbon Cycle - How Much on Earth?Which contains the most carbon? -Which contains the least?
Gigatonnes: 1 Gt = 1 000 000 000 metric tonnes
• Organisms (land and marine plants and animals) 600• Atmosphere 775• Soil 1 500• Coal, oil & gas 5 000 • Water (oceans and rivers) 40 000• Rocks (including limestone) 75 000 000
The amount of carbon contained - in Gigatonnes (Gt)
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The Atmosphere
WaterPlants on Land Plants in Water
?Photosynthesis
LandAnimals
AquaticAnimals
?
?
??
?
DeathDeath
Egestion Egestion
?
Coal & Gas
Oil
Limestone
Burial to Rock
Plants
‘Hard’ Parts?
Soil
Sediment
Burial to Rock
Precipitation
?
?Combustion
?
Weathering
Respiration
Decomposition
How effective …?
Solution
Eaten Eaten
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The Carbon Cycle - How Much on Earth?Where are the biggest flows of carbon? Where are the smallest?
• Burial to rock?• Combustion?• Death?• Decomposition?• Dissolution?• Excretion ?• Photosynthesis?• Respiration?• Weathering?
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The Carbon Cycle - How Much on Earth?Where are the biggest flows of carbon? Where are the smallest?
The flows of carbon in Gt/year are:
• Photosynthesis 122• Respiration 62 • Excretion and death 60• Soil decomposition 60• Combustion 5.4 • Dissolution 2.0• Weathering 0.4• Burial to rock 0.1
The E-Carbon CycleWhere, What, How,
How could we …, How much?
The End -
or the beginning of the next cycle …?
The E-Carbon CycleWhere, What, How,
How could we …, How much?
Teacher resources follow…
Printable quizzes and
separated ‘Fix’ and ‘Release’ cycle components
?
Photosynthesis
? ?Death
Egestion Egestion
???
Burial to Rock
?Burial to Rock
Combustion
Weathering
Respiration
Decomposition
Eaten Eaten
Where can you find the Carbon products of these natural processes on Earth?
?
?? ?
Death
CARBON CYCLE
?
Precipitation
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Solution
The Atmosphere
Coal & GasOilLimestone Sediment
?
What processesare involved in theCarbon Cycle?
Plants in Water
CARBON CYCLE
?
?
Water
?
Water
Plants on Land
?
?
LandAnimals
AquaticAnimals
? ??
??
?
Soil ?
??
?
© The Earth Science Education UnitCopyright is waived for use of this presentation within the laboratory or classroom
The Atmosphere
Water
?Solution
Plants on Land Plants in Water
?Photosynthesis
LandAnimals
AquaticAnimals
? ?
?
?
??
?
DeathDeath
Egestion Egestion
?
Coal & Gas
Oil
Limestone
Burial to Rock
Plants
‘Hard’ Parts?
Soil
Sediment
Burial to Rock
?
?Combustion
?
?
Weathering
Respiration
Decomposition
Eaten Eaten
TheCarbon Cycle
Precipitation
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The AtmosphereHow
carbon becomes‘fixed’
Water
?Solution
Plants on Land Plants in Water
?Photosynthesis
LandAnimals
AquaticAnimals
? ?
?
?
??
?
DeathDeath
Egestion Egestion
?
Coal & Gas
Oil
Limestone
Burial to Rock
Plants
‘Hard’ Parts?
Soil
Sediment
Burial to Rock
Eaten Eaten
Precipitation
The Atmosphere
Water
?Solution
Plants on Land Plants in Water
?Photosynthesis
LandAnimals
AquaticAnimals
? ?
?
?
??
?
DeathDeath
Egestion Egestion
?
Coal & Gas
Oil
Limestone
Burial to Rock
Plants
‘Hard’ Parts?
Soil
Sediment
Burial to Rock
?
?Combustion
?
?
Weathering
Respiration
Decomposition
Eaten Eaten
TheCarbon Cycle
Precipitation
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The Atmosphere
Plants on Land
LandAnimals
Coal & Gas
Oil
Limestone
Soil
Howcarbon becomes
‘released’.
?
Combustion
?
Weathering
Respiration
Decomposition
Water
Copyright
• Greenfields © Malcolm Oliver• Shell; Opencast coal pit; coal and graphite samples; chalk cliffs © Peter Kennett• Fruit tree © Jean Kennett and Peter Kennett• E-Carbon ‘o’ image; Insect; Embaise de Senet, near Pont de Suert in the Pyrenees;
Aliaga (Teruel Province) © Paul Grant• Golden fields - source unknown• Atmospheric debris collector apparatus diagram; Water jet pump apparatus diagram
© Paul Grant• Chemical example: blowing into a beaker © Pete Johnson• De la Beche Geology Club, Dinosaur © Paul Grant• Diver on the barrier reef - source unknown• Crushed shells with acid apparatus diagram © Paul Grant• Wild fire smoke on Samos © provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard
Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE (http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=54754)• Central Samos after wild fires of 2000 © Paul Grant• Diagram of apparatus to show that limestone contains CO2; Old stove © Paul Grant
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The E-Carbon Cycle
Where, What, How…?
Earth Science for KS4
Earth Science Education Unitwww.earthscienceeducation.com
© The Earth Science Education UnitCopyright is waived for original material contained herein if it is required for use within the laboratory or classroom. Copyright material included from other publishers rests with them.