www.kk.dk environmental protection agency city of copenhagen copenhagen waste management
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www.kk.dk
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCYCITY OF COPENHAGEN
COPENHAGENWASTE MANAGEMENT
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT2 JUNE 2006
Ministry of Environment and EnergyNational Environmental Protection Agency
The Danish Model of Waste Management (1)
• Environmental Protection Act• Statutory Order on Waste• General objectives and Guidelines
Regions (5)
•Approval of Treatment Facilities•Physical Planning
Municipalities (99)
• Waste Planning• Waste Regulations• Enforcement
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT3 JUNE 2006
The Danish Model of Waste Management (2)
Environmental Protection Act
• Use of cleaner technologies• Municipalities are in charge of all waste
– duty to set up regulations– duty to prepare a waste management plan
• The Minister for the Environment can decide to set up municipal partnerships and oblige municipalities to join these
• New landfills can only be owned by public authorities
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT4 JUNE 2006
The Danish Model of Waste Management (3)
Municipal obligations, Statutory Order on Waste
• Waste Planning– mapping of quantities (1 year)– detailed action plan (4 years)– long term prognosis (12 years)
• Waste Regulation– set up regulations for waste sorting, handling etc.– inspection
• Assignment of a form of handling for all waste produced locally– waste producers must use the assigned form of
handling
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT5 JUNE 2006
NATIONAL REGULATION
Waste tax Recycling 0 DKK/ton Incineration 330 DKK/ton (44 EURO) Landfill 375 DKK/ton (50 EURO) On top of this tax comes the treatment fee
Ban on landfill of combustible waste Phase out private landfill owners
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT6 JUNE 2006
City of Copenhagen, Key Figures 2004
• Area: 89.8 km2
• Inhabitants: 501.664– average household 1,8 person
• Households: 272.618– of which approximately 21,000 are single
family houses• Enterprises: 23.900• Workplaces: 360.000
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT7 JUNE 2006
FROM LANDFILL TO RECYCLING
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200x
1000
t
1988 1992 1994 1999 2004
Recycling
Incineration
Landfill
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT8 JUNE 2006
IN MY BACK YARD…
Distance from City Hall (pink)
4 km E: Incineration plant
5 km S:
Composting plant
C & D waste recycling
Contamin. soil landfill
10 km SW: Controlled landfill
10 km W: Incineration plant
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT9 JUNE 2006
FACTORS
Municipal waste planning and regulation
Waste treatment facilities – inter-municipal partnerships
Open and transparent decision making process
High environmental standard
National waste tax
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT10 JUNE 2006
MUNICIPAL REGULATION
Municipal responsibility for all waste Household – commercial – industrial – hazardous -
demolition
Waste separation at source A precondition for quality recycling
Household waste collected by the non-profit, concessionary company R98
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT11 JUNE 2006
COMMERCIAL WASTE RULES
Criteria for transport and treatment 360 waste carriers and 75 waste receivers The polluter pays Market based competition on price and quality
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT12 JUNE 2006
SEPARATION AT SOURCE
BASIC TREATMENT Combustible waste Non-combustible waste Contaminated soil Hazardous waste Infectious waste Perishable waste Asbestos
RECYCLING Cardboard & paper Construction & demolition waste Food waste Garden & park waste Glass & bottles Iron & metal PE plastics Recyclable PVC plastics Recyclable hazardous waste Sandblasting agents Waste of electronic equipment Refrigerators
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT13 JUNE 2006
Limits for Separation at SourceTypes of waste, which should be separated at source, if the amounts exceed the following limits:
Garden and park 2 m3 per monthBottles and glass 50 kg or 150 bottles per monthCardboard No lower limitPaper No lower limitSheet glass No lower limitPE-plastics 25 kg or 1m3 per monthPVC-plastics 10 kg per building projectPreserved wood 10 kg per building projectDebris of concrete, tilesand asphalt 1 tonne per building projectFood 100 kg per week separated
Amounts under the limits should be separated in waste suitable for incineration and waste not suitable for incineration.
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT14 JUNE 2006
Duties of Commercial Waste Management
Waste Producers must separate at source use designated schemes keep records of waste types, amounts and handling report C & D activities to municipality report hazardous waste to municipality
Waste carriers must control separation and labelling deliver to assigned treatment plants report type, amount, producer and receiver of waste
Waste receiving enterprises must control separation and labelling treat waste as agreed report type, amount and carrier of waste
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT15 JUNE 2006
Treatment Plants, Municipal Partnerships Incineration: Amagerforbrænding (1970)
- Capacity: 400,000 t/year
- Energy Production: 2,844,000 GJ/year (heat 75%, elec. 25%)
- Partners: Copenhagen and 4 other municipalities
•Incineration: Vestforbrænding (1970)
- Capacity: 500,000 t/year
- Energy Production: 4,200,000 GJ/year (heat 90%, elec. 10%)
- Partners: Copenhagen and 20 other municipalities
•Landfill: AV miljø (1989)
- Capacity: 2 mill. m³
- Partners: Amagerforbrænding and Vestforbrænding
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT16 JUNE 2006
Treatment Plants, Municipal Partnerships
•Hazardous Waste: Greater Copenhagen Receiving Station (1972) - Capacity: 10,000 t/year
- Partners: Copenhagen and Fr.berg Municipalities (potentially 18 more municipalities)
•Hazardous Waste: Kommunekemi Ldt. (1972)
- Capacity: 110,000 t/year
- Partners: Copenhagen and 274 municipalities
Recycling: Copenhagen Recycling Centre, KMC (1996)- Recycling of construction + demolition waste- Compost of garden + park waste- Biological treatment of contaminated soil- Landfilling of contaminated soil- Future landfill, 2,5 mill. m³
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT17 JUNE 2006
Tasks
Copenhagen EPA:Waste Management PlanLocal legislationInspectionHandling complaintsDeveloping WM system
Waste collection company:Collecting and transporting wasteSupplying containers, bins etc.Handling complaintsDeveloping WM system
Incineration plants:Incinerating received wasteProducing heat and electricityOperating recycling stationsDeveloping WM system
Landfill:Landfilling received wasteDeveloping WM system
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT18 JUNE 2006
FINANCING 2006
Municipal waste collection fee:
413 mill. DKK (54 mill. EURO)
Contribution to inter-municipal partnerships:
52 mill. DKK (68 mill. EURO)
Waste fee: 21 mill. DKK (2,8 mill. EURO)
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT19 JUNE 2006
OPEN PLANNING PROCESS
Planning process of Copenhagen Recycling Center Regional planning procedure Local planning procedure Nature conservation procedure Environmental permit procedure for each treatment
plant
Public hearing processes Adopted view-points of interested parties Restoration funded by recycling activities
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT20 JUNE 2006
RECYCLING CENTER
Future landfill turned into Recycling Center:
Recycling of construction & demolition waste
Compost of garden & park waste
Biological treatment of contaminated soil
Landfill of contaminated soil
Future landfill
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT21 JUNE 2006
WASTE TO ENERGY
DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM Copenhagen metropolitan region More than 100 km double pipes
COMBINED HEAT & POWER Amagerforbrænding (2002) Electricity 168 000 MWh Heat 799 000 MWh Total energy prod. 2.28 MWh/t
Vestforbrænding (2002) Electricity 108 000 MWh Heat 1 118 000 MWh Total energy prod. 2.52 MWh/t
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT22 JUNE 2006
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
FLUE GAS AMAGERFORBRÆNDING14 OCT 2004, 9:38 am
0
20
40
60
80
100
HCl SO2 Particles NOX CO
% of threshold value for 30 minutes % of threshold value for 24 hours
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT23 JUNE 2006
Waste Plan 2008 Objectives
Reduce waste and reduce contents of hazardous components in the waste
Make better use of the resources in the waste and reduce waste to incineration and landfill
Environmental value for money
A waste management system that matches the town
A waste management system that makes sense and is familiar
COPENHAGEN WASTE MANAGEMENT24 JUNE 2006
Waste Treatment by Source 2002
0
10
20
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40
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60
70
80
90
HouseholdCommercial C & D Total
Recycling
Incineration
Landfilling
%