Year 7 Science Distance Learning

Booklet

Waves: Light

Name: ……………………………………….

Science Teacher: …………………………….

Lesson 1 LightLearning objective: To be able to describe how light travels

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zw982hv/articles/z27mgdm

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zq7thyc/revision/1

Learning outcomes:● I will be able to compare luminous and non luminous objects

● I will be able to describe opaque objects● I will be able to describe how light travels

Starter: Take 5 minutes to form a spider diagram of everything that you know about light and how it travels, this can be keywords, knowledge from primary school or anything that you know from everyday life:

Luminous objects emit their own light, non luminous objects do not.Sort the following objects into either luminous or non luminous by writing their names in the correct columns:

How does light travel?

Luminous Non Luminous

Different objects allow different amounts of light through. An object like a glass window willallow all light through. Tracing paper allows some light through, it scatters the light as itcomes through so you cannot clearly see through it. Other objects, like a brick wall, will allowno light through whatsoever.Use the Frayer model below in order to state characteristics (you can use describing words) ofthese different types of objects as well as to give examples (what they are) and non examples(what they are not) for each type of these objects:

🥉 Checkpoint:Explain why a light bulb is only luminous when electricity is passing through it.

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Challenge:Why is a high visibility jacket not luminous?

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Translucent

You are going to investigate how the distance a light sources is from an object, affects the size of the shadow of the object. You can use the equipment below or anything similar, all you will need is a torch (this could be your phone), ruler, rubber (or pencil sharpener) and a piece of paper.

Variables (you may wish to read through the method first before filling these in):

Independent (what you change): ……………………………………………………..…………

Dependent (what you measure): ………………………………………………………………...

Control (what you keep the same): ………………………………………………………………

Method:

1. Place a rubber on a piece of paperand draw two ten centimeter lineson either side

2. Place the torch at the set distancefrom the rubber that you are testing

3. Place a piece of paper or pad vertically on the end of the opposite line to the torch, turn on the torch and measure the width of the shadow formed

4. Repeat for the other distances from the rubber

Results:

Graph (this must be a line graph with a smooth line of best fit, the scale at the side must be even and you need to include titles for both axis):

Conclusion: The greater the distance from the rubber, the wider / narrower the shadow. I know this because at 2 cm the shadow had a width of ……… cm, whereas at 10 cm the shadow had a width of ……… cm.

Distance of torch (cm) Width of shadow (cm)

2

4

6

8

10

🥉 Checkpoint:Explain why we would not be able to do this experiment with a pane of glass.

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Challenge:How do you think a translucent object would affect the width of a shadow? Why?

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Use the diagram to help you circle the correct words below:Light travels in straight / curved lines.

Light travels faster / slower than sound.

Plenary:Return to your original spider diagram and add new knowledge to this in a different coloured pen.

🥉 Exam style questions:

Lesson 2 ReflectionLearning objective: To be able to describe the law of reflection

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zq7thyc/revision/2

Learning outcomes:● I will be able to investigate reflection

● I will be able to apply the law of reflection● I will be able to describe why some objects reflect and some objects do not

Starter: Find the odd one out in each of the rows below. This relates back to last lesson so please look back to it if you need to. Write a reason why each is the odd one out relating this to light.

Reflection is the change in the direction of a wave (this could be any type of wave not just light) when it hits a surface and bounces off.When we are measuring reflection, we can measure two angles:

The angle of incidence - this is where the light ray comes inThe angle of reflection - this is where the light bounces off of the surface

When measuring these angles we need to draw a normal, this is a line at 90o to the surface which the light is reflecting off of.

A B C Explanation

Light bulb Tv Book

Cling film Cardboard Wood

Clear glass Tracing paper Frosted glass

The law of reflection:Fill in the missing words to complete the law of reflection:

The law of reflection states that the angle of ………………………… will be ………………………… to the

angle of ………………………….

Use the law of reflection in order to fill in the missing angles below:(HINT - angles along a straight line add up to 180o, angles within a normal add up to 90°.)

Use what you have learned in order to complete the mirror maze below, you will have to use aprotractor to measure the angle of incidence and then plot the angle of reflection. Not all of themirrors will be used, the only way of finding which ones are is by using the law of reflection!(Hint - the laser will leave the laser box and reach the detector by reflecting off the differentmirrors - the first angle of reflection will be 45°)

🥉Checkpoint:State the law of reflection:

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Challenge:If a light ray hits a mirror at 25o from the surface of the mirror, what will the angle of reflection be?

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Types of reflection:The images below show the two types of reflection - specular and diffuse reflection. Sort the keywords into two columns in order to describe the two types of reflection:

Specular reflection forms an image as all of the rays of light reflect at the same angle, e.g. a mirror. Diffuse reflection does not form an image as the rays of light reflect at lots of different angles e.g. a wall.

🥉 Use the prompts below to describe the differences between specular and diffuse reflection, you must write in full sentences as if the prompts were not there to help you.

Plenary:Complete the sentence in the three different ways:Reflection happens because ……………………………………………………………....

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Reflection happens but …………………………………………………………….............

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Reflection happens so ……………………………………………………………...............

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Specular reflection Diffuse reflection

Define diffuse reflection and

give an example of where it can be used and

why.

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Define specular

reflection and give an

example of where it can be used and

why.

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Clearly state how specular and diffuse

reflections are different

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Lesson 3 ColourLearning objective: To be able to describe why certain objects appear certain colours

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zq7thyc/revision/6

Learning outcomes:● I will be able to describe where coloured light comes from

● I will be able to describe the effects of adding and subtracting colours● I will be able to describe why specific objects appear specific colours

Starter: Answer the questions relating to your previous learning - rate your confidence in each question as either red - not confident, amber - somewhat confident or green - full of confidence!

Light Answer RAG What is the actual answer?

How could you describe tracing

paper in terms of how much light it

lets through?

How many times faster is light than

sound?

How does light travel?

Reflection Answer RAG What is the actual answer?

Which type of reflection does not

form an image?

What is a normal?

What is the law of reflection?

How science works Answer RAG What is the actual answer?

What is a control variable?

What are accurate results?

Which type of graph is used for

categoric data?

Read through the passage below. Highlight anything that youfeel is important, give each paragraph a title on the right

hand side and summarise each paragraph in five words or less on the left. Then write the two most important points at the bottom.

Add a title to each paragraph

Highlight any key points - be brief! Summarise paragraph in five

words or less

White light is made up of the following colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Each coloured light has its own wavelength. Red light has the longest wavelength and violet light has the shortest wavelength.

When white light shines towards a glass prism, it splits up into the different coloured wavelengths. Each wavelength slows down and changes direction. Red light changes direction least, and violet light changes direction most. The light leaving the prism is spread out into its different colours - a process called dispersion.

When light hits a surface, some of it is absorbed and some of it is reflected. The light that is reflected is the colour of the object in that light. For example, a blue object absorbs all the colours of the spectrum except blue, which is reflected.

Summarise the two most important points of the text:

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🥉 Checkpoint:What are the primary colours of light?

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Challenge:Where does white light come from?

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Make a prediction in the table as to what colours you think will be formed when colours are mixed. The follow the link in order to find out the colours that are actually formed. https://www.surendranath.org/GPA/General/ColorAS/ColorAS.html (paste this into your browser)

Watch the video below - if you cannot load this on this document the address and name are below so that you can find it on youtube!

Bill Nye the Science Guy - S01E16 Light and Colorhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5BHxozBPuA

Extra Challenge (Optional):If you have red, green and blue paints or food colouring at home, try mixing them together as above, write your observations below - was this was you were expecting? Did it match the results above? Why do you think this was?

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Colours added My prediction Actual result

Red and Green

Red and Blue

Green and Blue

Red, Green and Blue

Objects appear to be a certain colour as they reflect the wavelength of one colour (the colour that they appear to be) and absorbevery other colour e.g. a red object reflects red

A colour filter works by absorbing a certain colour and allowing another colour to pass through.For example, a yellow colour filter absorbs all colours except yellow, letting only yellow pass through, so the objects viewed appear to be yellow.

Use what you have learned so far in order to apply this knowledge of filters:

The three primary colours of light are……………………………….,

………………………………and ………………………………

Magenta light consists of ……………………………… and ………………………………

Cyan Light consists of ……………………………… and ………………………………

Yellow Light consists of ………………………………and ………………………………

A filter works by absorbing every other colour of light and letting the colour which it is through:

Complete the word fill below to describe why an object will appear a certain colour. You can look back on previous work to help you:

An object will appear a certain ______ as it will only _______ one wavelength of light and then absorb all other ___________ of light. The wavelength which it ________ will be the one of the ______ which it appears.

🥉 Checkpoint:How does a colour filter work?

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Challenge:How would filters have to be arranged in order for an object to appear black?

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Use the word wheel below in order to describe why grass appears green. You can start anywhere on the word wheel, but you need to use the key terms in an order moving clockwise. You need to form full sentences with these, highlighting the key terms as you use them. HINT - a pigment is a colour causing chemical

🥉 Checkpoint:

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Lesson 4 EclipsesLearning objective: To learn why solar and lunar eclipses happen

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SczY9FtfhNw

Learning outcomes:● I will be able to describe how solar eclipses happen● I will be able to describe how lunar eclipses happen

The Moon constantly orbits the Earth. Its appearance changes because different amountsof the lit side face the Earth. The changing appearance is called the phases of the Moon.Total eclipses of the Sun happen when the Moon blocks our view of the Sun. Total lunareclipses happen when the Earth’s shadow falls on the Moon.

Complete the following:

A lunar eclipse happens when the E_ _ _ _ comes in between the S_ _ and the M_ _ _.

This casts a shadow over the M_ _ _.

A solar eclipse happens when the M_ _ _ comes in between the S_ _ and the

E_ _ _ _. This casts a shadow over the E_ _ _ _.

The sun is a luminous/non-luminous object. The moon is a luminous/non-luminous

object.

Can you find out the answers to these questions

1. State how we see the Moon. (Where does its light come from?)

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2. Explain why we have total lunar eclipses

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3. Explain why we have total solar eclipses

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Extension questions

1. Explain why we can only have total lunar eclipses when there is a full moon

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2. Explain why we can only have total solar eclipses during the middle of the day

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Lesson 5 The eye and visionLearning objective: How do we see?

Learning outcomes:● I will be able to name the parts of the eye that focus the light

● I will know where the image is formedhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zq7thyc/revision/7

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/clips/znwvcdm

Complete the following:

Most light is refracted by the c___________ which is the transparent window at the

front of the eye. Light then enters the eye through a hole called the p_________. The

size of the pupil is controlled by a coloured ring of muscle called the I___________.

The l___________ then focusses the light onto a light-sensitive layer at the back of the

eye called the r______________ . The lens can change s_________ to focus light

from both near and far objects.

Did you know: Everyone’s iris is unique. It is like a fingerprint.

Watch the clips above and then see if you can label the parts of the eye

Correcting vision

To see an object clearly, rays of light need to focus to a single point on the retina at

the back of the eye.

A person who is short-sighted cannot see distant objects clearly. The eyeball may

be too long, or the lens and cornea may refract the light too much. The rays of light

do not reach the retina and the image is in front of it.

A person who is long-sighted cannot see close objects clearly. The eyeball may be

too short , or the lens and cornea may not refract the light enough. The image would

be behind the retina.

Research what type of lenses are used to correct long-sight and short- sight

A _________________ lens is used to correct short-sight. This type of lens works by…

A _________________lens is used to correct long-sight. This type of lens works by…

Long sighted eye

Plenary: Use the grid below to recall five facts from each of the lessons in the topic, you can use images to help with this if you feel it is beneficial, but these would need to be clearly annotated (labelled).

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