Youth and Leisure

Carles FeixaUniversitat de Lleida and CIIMU

Introduction

• Leisure and Youth Development: a Western Issue?

• From Free Time to Re-creation• From Festivals to Consumer Culture• Leisure and Youth Global Culture (Teenage

Market)

World Youth Report 2005

• Leisure and voluntary activities– “The leisure needs of young people must be

considered in the process of urban planning and rural development in order to ensure that they have access to a range of constructive voluntary activities and opportunities” (p. 71)

World Youth Report 2005

• From the traditional concept of ‘free time’to the modern concept of ‘discretionary time’– Leisure and Social inclusion/ exclusion. – Leisure and Thirth Generation Rights– Leisure and Education

The Hourglass

HEGEMONIC CULTUREState / School

PARENT CULTUREFamily / Neiborghood

SOCIAL CONDITIONSGeneration, Sex, Class, Etnicity, Territory

RITE DE PASSAGE

Integration

Material CultureBody Culture Music Culture Leisure Culture

Mass Media Peer GroupsMACROCULTURES MICROCULTURES

TI

ME

SPACE

SOCIAL REPRODUCTION

Separation

Metodological issues

• How to mesure leisure?• Time-use, Activities or Satisfaction?• How to compare non official data?

– General Media Survey (GMS)– Youth National Surveys (Encuesta Nacional de

Juventud)– A Global Pannel? (10 nation case studies)

The CIIMU System

Attendance to museumsAttendance to librariesNumber of Youth Public Centers (per 1000)

MuseumsLibrariesYouth Centers

Public Culture

Number of music groupsNumber of CD in saleAttendance to concerts

ProductionReproductionConsuming

Music Culture

Youg People practicing any sportExpense in clothesExpense in cosmetics

SportFashionCosmetics

Body Culture

Cinema attendanceMagazine audienceRadio Audience

Visual CultureWritten CultureOral Culute

Media Culture

Leisure Time spent last week/monthLeisure preferred activities (10)Leisure Budget las week/month

Leisure TimeLeisure ActivitiesLeisure Budget

Leisure Culture

IndicatorSubdimensionDimension

Leisure culture

• - Why do you like to go out?

• Ruth: To let-off steam from home, from normal activities

• Joel: It’s important for going out with friends, unplugging from the studies and from family.

FIGURE 3. LEISURE ACTIVITIES DEVELOPED DURING THE LAST 30 DAYS BY AGE AND SEX. SPAIN. 2002 - 2003

0

50

100

150

200

250

Homes Dones Homes Dones Homes Dones amb fills 14a 22

sense fills amb fills 14 a 22

sense fills

14-16 anys 17-19 anys 20-22 anys Dones 35-55 anys Homes 35-55 anys

Grups d'edat i sexe

%

Anar a concerts Anar al teatre Anar a museus Anar a discotequesAnar al futbol Anar a curses Anar altre espectacle esportiu Sopar fora de casa

Media Culture

• For the adolescent group (14 to 16) and post-adolescents (17 to 19) the most common media is clearly television (91%) and magazines, (70%).

• For young adults (20 to 22), we find televisionremains at the forefront (87%) although there is an increase in radio listeners and a reduction in magazine readership.

• There are differences in consumption depending on purchasing power (except television)

15,5

17,1 17,218,5

19,8 20,0

11,7

14,5

12,8

2,03,2 3,4

5,2 5,14,3

1,21,9

2,6

20,619,6

17,4

1,52,0

1,5

6,47,5 7,2

3,8

6,5

10,59,6

12,9

9,5

1,01,6 2,2

5,26,1

6,7

1,8

3,6

5,4

1,5 1,50,7 0,4

1,1

3,2

55,7

1,31,9 2,2

0,8 0,8 1,20,3 0,7

1,32,4 2,6

4,3

0,3 0,4 1,00,7

0

5

10

15

20

25

Menys 150.000 pts. 150.000-500.000 pts. Més 500.000 pts. Menys 150.000 pts. 150.000-500.000 pts. Més 500.000 pts.

14-22 anys Més de 22 anys

Grupo Corazón Grupo Automóviles Grupo Motocicletas Grupo Femeninas Jóvenes Grupo Femeninas Grupo Consolas

Grupo Informática Grupo Ciclismo El Jueves M an Rolling Stone

FIGURE 1. AUDIENCE OF MAGAZINES BY AGE AND FAMILY INCOME. SPAIN. 2002-2003

Body Culture

• Joel:Your personal style depends on the other’s opinion. Clothing is tot only for yourself, but for pleasing other young people.

• Eli: You cannot stay behind, because every time there are more stylized girls. You like to be looked.

FIGURE 2. ACTIVITIES RELATED WITH THE BODY DEVELOPED DURING THE LAST 30 DAYS BY AGE AND

FAMILY INCOME. SPAIN. 2002 - 2003

11,9 12,414,2

4,3

6,5

9,0

13

17,7

23,7

5,3

8,9

14,4

4,65,3

6,4

1,12,4

5,87,2

8,37,3

5,67,3

12,9

5,6 5,4

7,8 7,18,7

10,4

6,48,2

6

10,112,1

15,8

9 98,2

16,214,6

16,6

0

5

10

15

20

25

M enys 150.000 pts. 150.000-500.000pts.

M és 500.000 pts. M enys 150.000 pts. 150.000-500.000pts.

M és 500.000 pts.

14-22 anys M és de 22 anys

Grups d'edat i nivell d'ingressos

%

Footing Anar al gimnàs Tennis/Squash Excursions Anar institut de bellesa Controlar calories Fer règim

Music Culture

• Laia: Music is very important for us, is our time...

• Data supplied by the IDESCAT (2003) suggests that there is a high proportion of young people between 15 and 29 years that enjoy listening to music on a regular basis, but as they get older, this goes back to being a more sporadic act

• Music sources: Downloing, CD, Radio, Concerts

Table 1. ATTENDANTS TO MACROCONCERTS. BARCELONA. 2002

Grups   Espai   Actuacions   Espectadors  

Operació Triunfo   Palau Sant Jordi   3   56.867  David Bisbal   Palau Sant Jordi   1   20.112  Luis Miguel   Palau Sant Jordi   1   18.937  Bruce Springsteen   Palau Sant Jordi   1   18.023  Shakira+Kinky   Palau Sant Jordi   1   17.284  MTV Europe Music Awards   Palau Sant Jordi   1   13.128  Supertramp   Palau Sant Jordi   1   13.051  Roger Waters   Palau Sant Jordi   1   12.718  Estopa   Palau Sant Jordi   1   12.193  Chayanne   Palau Sant Jordi   1   10.016  The Cranberries   Palau Sant Jordi   1   9.833  Miguel Bosé   Palau Sant Jordi   1   8.404  Trobada de Corals SCIC   Palau Sant Jordi   1   7.545  Carreras/Llach   Palau Sant Jordi   1   5.645  Moby/Royksopp   Pavelló Vall Hebró   1   4.850  Khaled   Poble Espanyol   1   4.032  Macaco+Ketama   Poble Espanyol   1   4.006  Pat Metheny grup   Poble Espanyol   1   3.356  Rosana   Poble Espanyol   1   3.173  

Leisure Indicators 1 (SICIA)

Material culture1. Cinema attendance at least one time a year by age groups,

frequency and level of family income.2. Regular TV viewing by sex, age groups and frequency.3. Regular radio listening by age groups and frequency.4. Purchase or rental of video or DVD movies by sex, age

groups, social class and number of movies5. Use of videogames and other apparatus by sex, social

class, frequency of play and apparatus.6. Magazine readership by age groups, title, and level of

family income.7. Book readership by books, sex, age groups and frequency

Leisure Indicators 2 (SICIA)

Body culture8. Sports activities performed during the last 30 days by sex,

age groups, social class and types of activities.Leisure culture9. Leisure activities performed during last 30 days by sex and

age groups.10.Availability of leisure time by sex and age groups.Musical culture11.Attending concerts by sex, age groups and frequency12.People that have purchased audiovisual material during the

last 3 months by age groups and level of family income

YD Indicators on Leisure

1. Availability of leisure time by sex and age groups.

2. Leisure activities performed during last 30 days by sex and age groups.

3. Sports activities performed during the last 30 days by sex and age groups.

4. Regular radio listening by age groups and frequency.

5. Magazine readership by age groups, title, and level of family income.

Challenges

• To chose comparable sources• To include or not include mass media• To promote or not promote global/national

case surveys • To mesurate the quantity or quality of

leisure