zaladobis armofxvra skolebsi – rogor sevcvalot garemo?

Zaladobis aRmofxvra skolebSi:

rogor SevcvaloT garemo? CONSEIL

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Zaladobis aRmofxvra skolebSi:

rogor SevcvaloT

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© evropis sabWo

© Targmani, gaeros bavSvTa fondi. Targmani ganxorcielda evropis sabWosTan SeTanxmebiT da Targmanze pasuxismgebelia gaeros bavSvTa fondi

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sarCevi

Sesavali ...........................................................................................................................5

Tavi 1 - rogor daviwyoTZaladobasTan brZola skolebSi: evropuli xedvapiter k. smiti ..............................................................................................................15

Tavi 2 - gavigoT metiskolis auditis roli Zaladobis prevenciasa da aRmofxvraSipiter galvini .............................................................................................................33

Tavi 3 - politikis harmonizacia da misi gamoyenebakonvivensiis garemos Seqmna skolebSi erTiani saskolo politikis meSveobiT juli Sognesi ..............................................................................................................57

Tavi 4 - ra unda iswavlebodes?skolis kurikulumis gamoyeneba Zaladobis aRmofxvris mxardasaWeradjuli keisi .....................................................................................................................73

Tavi 5 - moswavleTa CarTvamoswavleTa winamZRolobiT Zaladobis aRmofxvris strategiis SemuSavebahelen koui ....................................................................................................................95

Tavi 6 - bavSvTa dacvausafrTxo saskolo garemos Seqmnamona o’muri da stiven jeims mintoni ........................................................113

Tavi 7 - mxardaWera skolis personalstreningis CarCo: “mSvidobis virusis” danergva – konvivensiis garemos xelSewyobajorj robinsoni, barbara mainsi, robin hromeki .............................137

bibliografia ..........................................................................................................157

avtorebis Sesaxeb ................................................................................................169

danarTi – bavSvebi da Zaladoba ................................................................171

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Sesavali

visTvis aris gankuTvnili es wigni?

es wigni daiwera imisaTvis, rom mxari dauWiros evropis sabWos miznis miRwevas da daexmaros gadawyvetilebis mimReb pirebsa Tu sxvebs, gaataron Tanmimdevruli politika codnis gaRrma-vebis, prevenciisa da samarTaldacvis kuTxiT, raTa win aRud-gnen Zaladobas yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. kerZod ki, es aris xorcSesxma evropis sabWos gacxadebuli ganzraxvisa, moemzade-bina saxelmZRvanelo skolebSi Zaladobis prevenciis strate-giaTa ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb. amis safuZveli gaxda 2002 wlis 2-4 dekembers Catarebuli konferenciis – “adgilobrivi Tana-mSromloba skolebSi Zaladobis prevenciisa da mis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis” - daskvnebi, romlebic kargi praqtikis ramoden-ime konkretul magaliTs moicavda.

es saxelmZRvanelo Seqmnilia yvela tipis skolisaTvis – iqneba es dawyebiTi, saSualo Tu specialuri. igi daiwera ganaTlebis sferoSi momuSave yvela profesionalisaTvis. ara mxolod mas-wavleblebisa da direqtorebisaTvis, aramed im profesional-TaTvis, romlebic sul ufro da ufro intensiurad TanamSrom-loben skolebTan bavSvebis mxardaWeris mizniT. marTlac, es wigni SeiZleba daexmaros nebismier adamians, romelsac surs rom skola gaxdes usafrTxo da mzrunveli adgili, sadac bavS-vebi represiebisagan, muqarisa da Zaladobisagan Tavisufal ga-remoSi iswavlian.

ratom iqneba es wigni sasargeblo sxva adamianebisaTvis, romlebic skolaSi harmoniuli garemos SeqmniT arian dainteresebulni?

I TavSi ganvmartavT sityvas “Zaladoba”, romelic wignSi xSirad iqneba naxsenebi, rogorc espanuri sityvis - “konvivensiis” – an-tonimi, romelic erTad harmoniul cxovrebas niSnavs. es gan-sazRvreba ganmartavs skolebSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris strate-giaTa or ZiriTad mimarTulebas:

iseTi saswavlo garemos Seqmna da SenarCuneba, sadac Zala-yydoba dauSvebelia, sadac mudmivad arsebobs erTad harmo-niuli Tanaarsebobis eTosi;

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Zaladobis aRmofxvra skolebSi – rogor SevcvaloT garemo?

Zaladobis faqtebis SemTxvevaSi maTze imgvari reagireba, yyrom daculi iqnas harmoniuli Tanaarsebobis eTosi;

orive am mimarTulebis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu skola adgilobriv TemTan iTanamSromlebs. am saxelmZRvaneloSi moyvanili kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, evro-pis skolebis umetesoba samoTxea bavSvebisaTvis usafrTxoebisa da mSvidobis TvalsazrisiT. magram sadac Zaladobis Semdgomi Semcirebaa saWiro, pasuxismgebloba unda gaiziaros im sazoga-doebamac, romelSic bavSvebi cxovroben da izrdebian.

aqedan gamomdinare, am saxelmZRvanelom unda daainteresos skolis garSemo Temis yvela wevri, maT Soris, Temis liderebi da administratorebi. maTi adgilobrivi iniciativebisa da mo-qmedebis gareSe bavSvebi ormagi standartebis winaSe aRmoCn-debian skolaSi da skolis miRma da praqtikaSi ver gamoiyeneben naswavls. aseT SemTxvevaSi maTi skolebi iqceva “konvivensiis” kunZulebad im sazogadoebaSi, romelSic Zaladobis done sul ufro da ufro izrdeba.

rogorc aRvniSneT, winamdebare wigni daainteresebs skolis farTo sazogadoebis yvela wevrs. analogiurad, yvela skolas daainteresebs am wignis “partniori” saxelmZRvanelo saTau-riT: “Zaladobis prevencia skolebSi: saxelmZRvanelo adgi-lobrivi partniorobisaTvis” (evropis sabWo, 2005). es orive saxelmZRvanelo SeiZleba erTdroulad iqnas gamoyenebuli maSin, rodesac skolaSi “konvivensiis” gaumjobesebis mizniT raime programis ganxorcieleba igegmeba.

rogor SeiZleba daexmaros es wigni skolebs?

skolebSi Zaladobis masStabebisa da donis kvlevam (ix. Tavi I) ar aCvena Zaladobis saerTo donis zrda evropis skolebSi miuxedavad im faqtisa, rom yvela qveyanaSi mediis momzadebuli siuJetebi xSirad sawinaaRmdego STabeWdilebas toveben. ase rom, winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo ar Seqmnila raime krizisul mdgomareobaze reagirebis mizniT.

rCeva da mxardaWera, udavod, yvelas sWirdeba, Tumca, gansxvave-bulia saWiroebis xarisxi. arsebobs regionaluri da adgilob-rivi gansxvavebebic, rac arTulebs ganzogadebas. erTi saxel-mZRanelos farglebSi SeuZlebelia yvela tipis saWiroebis gaT-valiswineba, magaliTad, iseT situaciebze saubari, sadac bavS-vebze gavlenas axdens seriozuli konfliqtebi sazogadoebaSi, maT Soris, omis saSineleba, rasac Sedegad Zaladoba mohyveba.

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skolas, rogorc wesi, socialuri cvlilebebis mamoZravebel Zalad aRiqvamen, rac misgan imaze maRali standartebisa da idealebis danergvas moiTxovs, vidre garemomcvel TemSia. aqedan gamomdinare, kargi skolebi “konvivensiis” (harmoniuli Tanacxovrebis) misaRwevad Sedegze orientirebul midgomebs irCeven (Tavi 4) maSinac ki, rodesac erTaderTi mdgradi da xangrZlivi gamosavali Tavad sazogadoebis Secvlaa. es saxel-mZRvanelo SeiZleba dagexmaroT am sakiTxisadmi realisturi midgomis gamomuSavebaSi. Zaladoba sazogadoebaSi yvelgan xdeba. skolebma yuradRebiT da frTxilad unda SearCion is RonisZiebebi, romlebic maT gamokveTili problemis gadaWraSi daexmarebaT, Tan, ar gadaaWarbon TavianT SesaZleblobebs da SeuZlebels ar SeeWidnon.

es saxelmZRanelo gvTavazobs iseT qmedebebze aqcentirebis saSualebebs, romlebic ufro efeqtiani iqneba momxmarebelTa konteqstSi; konkretuli magaliTebisa da piradi gamocdilebi-sa Tu kvlevaTa Sedegebis meSveobiT, gviziarebs gamocdilebas, romelmac imuSava sxva adgilebSi.

evropaSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad, gamoikveTa mTeli wyeba nacionaluri da adgilobrivi iniciativebisa, romlebic Zala-dobis problemis gadaWrisa da skolebis mxardaWerisaken aris mimarTuli. ra Tqma unda, am saxelmZRvaneloSi ver moxerxde-boda yvela am iniciativis aRwera da moxseniebac ki. Tumca, Cven saxelmZRvaneloSi SevitaneT kargi praqtikis ramodenime magaliTi evropidan, ramac, SesaZloa, damatebiTi stimuli misces skolis personals, meti informacia moiZios am Temeb-ze. magaliTad, maT regionSi arsebuli gamocdilebis Sesaxeb, agreTve internet gverdebidan da wignis bolos dasaxelebuli wyaroebidan.

ra daxmarebas gvTavazobs saxelmZRvanelo?

saxelmZRvanelos sxvadasxva TavSi saubaria im ZiriTad sakiT-xebze, romelTa gadaWrac skolas mouwevs, Tu arsebuli praqti-kis gadasinjvasa da gaumjobesebas apirebs. ra Tqma unda, ar ar-sebobs Zaladobis “swrafad aARmofxvris” recepti. mTeli evro-pidan miRebuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom Zaladobis efeq-tianad AaRmofxvrisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs Semdegs:

erTiani da Tanamimdevruli saskoloY midgomis SemuSavebas, yyromelic skolaSi yvelasaTvis misaReb rwmenasa da princi-pebs daefuZneba;

Sesavali

8


auditis Catarebas imis Sesamowmeblad, Tu ramdenad kargad yyaris organizebuli skola, rom SeZlos konvivensiis gare-mos Seqmna da SenarCuneba;

sxvadasxva tipis siaxleTa dagegmvas – erTi martivi yygamosavali iSviaTad Tu arsebobs;

mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis gegmis ganxorcielebasa da yymonitorings, maT Soris, socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi unar-Cvevebis swavlebas;

Zaladobis incidentis SemTxvevaSi masze efeqtian reagire-yybas gameorebis Tavidan asacileblad.

garda amisa, gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom “konvivensiis” gaum-jobesebaze muSaobisas, efeqtiania is skola, romelic yvela etapze usmens moswavleebs da uzrunvelyofs maT CarTulobas. moswavleebi, grZnoben ra TavianT mniSvnelovnebas, pozitiuri cvlilebebis yvelaze gavleniani da Zlieri elCebi xdebian ne-bismier skolaSi. garda amisa, efeqtian skolebSi Tavad skolis TanamSromlebi arian moswavleTaTvis misabaZni: TavianTi moq-medebiTa da sityvebiT swored isini qmnian qcevis standartebs skolaSi.

rogor gamoviyenoT es saxelmZRvanelo?

am saxelmZRvanelos mizania, daexmaros skolebs, iyvnen Tanmim-devrulni da dagegmon erTiani saskolo midgomebi Zaladobis aRmosafxvrelad. es arsebiTad mniSvnelovania saimisod, rom moswavleebma gamoimuSavon socialuri, emociuri da qcevi-Ti unarebi iseT moqalaqeebad Camosayalibeblad, romlebsac ecodinebaT, rogor gadaWran konflitebi Zaladobis gareSe.

es saxelmZRvanelo, ra Tqma unda, ver SemogTavazebT yvela problemis gadaWris gzas. igi miznad isaxavs, daexmaros sko-lebs, konvivensiis gaumjobesebisa da Zaladobaze saTanado reagirebis programebis dagegmvaSi. saxelmZRvanelos TavebSi ganxilulia is sferoebi, romlebic uTuod gasaTvaliswinebe-lia. miuxedavad imisa, rom SesaZlebelia TiToeuli Tavis cal-ke wakiTxva da gamoyeneba, naklebad mosalodnelia rom skolam warmatebas miaRwios yvela Tavis Tanmimdevrulad damuSave-bamde manam, sanam SearCevs misi konkretuli prioritetebis Se-sabamis saqmianobebs.

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rogoria Temebis Tanamimdevroba da rogor ukavSirdeba isini erTmaneTs?

pirvel TavSi, saTauriT “daviwyoT”, piter smiti gvesaubreba Zaladobis cnebis ganmartebis Sesaxeb da, Tanamedrove kvleve-bis safuZvelze, gansazRvravs skolaSi Zaladobis AaRmofxvris nebismieri programis umTavres komponentebsa da fundamentur principebs.

me-2 TavSi - “gavigoT meti” - piter galvini aRwers, rogor unda daigegmos saskolo Zaladobis auditi, romelic gamoavlens, raoden kargad aris skola organizebuli am problemasTan gasamklaveblad. Semdeg avtori gvixsnis, rogor ganvmartoT auditis Sedegebi da SevqmnaT samoqmedo gegma CarevisaTvis. miuxedavad imisa, rom avtori saSualo skolis magaliTs gani-xilavs, es procesi Tanabrad miesadageba nebismieri tipis sko-las.

me-3 TavSi - “politikis harmonizacia da misi gamoyeneba” - juli Sognesi aRwers, Tu rogor unda Camoyalibdes da ganxor-cieldes saskolo politika imisaTvis, rom mTel skolaSi dam-kvidrdes “konvivensiis” eTosi. avtori xazs usvams skolebis mSoblebTan TanamSromlobis, agreTve progresis monitorin-gis aucileblobas, raTa samoqmedo gegmebi iyos maqsimalurad efeqtiani.

me-4 TavSi, saTauriT “ra unda vaswavloT?”, juli keisis maga-liTad mohyavs inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamen-tis nacionaluri programa, romelic gankuTvnilia inglisSi socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis saswavleblad. am magaliTiT avtori aRwers saskolo kurikulumis SemuSavebi-saTvis umTavres sakiTxebs, riTac moswavleebi gamoimuSaveben unar-Cvevebs, konfliqtebis Zaladobis gareSe gadasaWrelad rom aris saWiro. am TavSi nimuSad aRebulia dawyebiTi skola, magram igive nebismier sxva skolazec vrceldeba.

me-5 TavSi, saTauriT “moswavleTa CarTva”, helen koui aana-lizebs kargi praqtikis evropul magaliTebs, romlebic Zala-dobis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebSi moswavleTa CarTvas iTva-liswinebs. amasTan, avtori mimoixilavs kvlevebis Sedegebs imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad efeqtiania moswavleTa CarTva Zaladobis aARmofxvrisaken mimarTul RonisZiebebSi. moswavleTa CarTva xom nebismieri saskolo strategiis erT-erTi umTavresi da sakvanZo elementia. konkretulad ki es Tavi ganixilavs yoCobis sawinaaRmdego strategiebs.

Sesavali

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amis Semdeg modis me-6 Tavi - “bavSvebis dacva”, romelSic mona o’muri met yuradRebas uTmobs usafrTxo skolebisa da usaf-rTxo saswavlo garemos Seqmnis strategiaSi moswavleTa CarT-vis mniSvnelobas. sainteresoa is, rom usafrTxo garemos Seqmna ar gulismobs skolis mxolod fizikuri garemos Secvlas. am saxelmZRvaneloSi “konvivensiis” Seqmnis strategiebia gaana-lizebuli, es konkretuli Tavi ki, umTavresad, ganixilavs Sem-deg sakiTxs: rogor SeiZleba moswavleTa CarTva urTierTSo-ris usafrTxo garemos Seqmnis procesSi? garda amisa, am TavSi siRrmiseulad aris ganxiluli yoCobis problema da misi gada-Wris SesaZlo meTodebi.

bolo TavSi - “mxardaWera skolis personals” - jorj robin-soni ganixilavs skolis personalis momzadebis sakiTxs. igi saubrobs im Temebze, romlebic unda Sediodes ganviTarebis gegmaSi da gvTavazobs imis magaliTs, Tu rogor unda CaerTos skolis personali Zaladobis AaRmofxvris saqmeSi. qvesaTauriT “mSvidobis virusis danergva” avtori asrulebs yvela im etapis mimoxilvas, romelic skolam unda gaiaros Zaladobis aRmofx-vrisaken mimarTuli strategiebis sruli speqtris dasaner-gad.

rogor gamoviyenoT TiToeul TavSi ganxiluli savarjiSoebi?

TiToeul TavSi savarjiSo xazgasmulia imgvarad, rom mkiT-xvels SeuZlia sakvanZo sakiTxebis gaanalizeba. mkiTxvels aqvs saSualeba, cota xniT SeCerdes da gaiazros, ramdenad rele-vanturia ama Tu im Tavis Sinaarsi da ramdenad miesadageba Zir-iTadi sakiTxebi TavianT skolaSi arsebul mdgomareobas. sa-varjiSoebi gansakuTrebiT sasargeblo iqneba TiToeuli Tavis jgufuri Seswavlis SemTxvevaSi, radgan aseTi midgoma saSuale-bas aZlevs kolegebs, erTad imsjelon da erTmaneTs gauziaron poziciebi ama Tu im Tavis Sinaarsis mniSvnelobisa da relevan-turobis Sesaxeb.

skolebma, SesaZloa, dainaxon, rom savarjiSoebis masalebi sasargeblo iqneba skolis personalis profesiuli ganviTare-bisaTvis. saxelmZRvaneloSi wamoweuli sakiTxebi, sxvadasxva kombinaciaSi, SeiZleba gamodges, rogorc stimuli personalis diskusiebisa da treningisaTvis. maTi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia agreTve skolis SigniT SeTanxmebis misaRwevad imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra etapebsa da elementebs unda eqceodes yuradReba gaum-jobesebis gegmis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi ama Tu im TavSi ganxilul sakiTxTa Tanamimdevrobis mixedviT.

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rogoria samomavlo gakveTilebi?

pirveli gakveTili gvkarnaxobs kvlevasa da praqtikas So-ris ufro mWidro kavSiris damyarebisa da mTel evropaSi gamocdilebaTa gaziarebis aucileblobas. piter smiti aRniS-navs, rom kvlevebs skolebze TvalsaCino gavlena namdvilad ar mouxdenia miuxedavad bevri sasargeblo kvleviTi progra-misa, romlebic kargad aris organizebuli evropuli Tu didi britaneTis observatoriebis mier, skolebSi araZaladobrivi garemos Seqmnas rom ikvleven, GagreTve miuxedavad mravali pub-likaciisa (magaliTad, piter smiti: “Zaladoba skolebSi: rea-gireba evropaSi” (2003)).

aqedan gamomdinare, aucilebelia, rom evropaSi mkvlevarebi da praqtikosebi erTmaneTs davakavSiroT, rogorc amas evro-pis sabWo akeTebs, raTa skolebma pirdapiri sargebeli miiRon kvle vebis Sedegad miRebuli daskvnebisagan. Tumca, mkvleva-rebma aqcenti unda gaakeTon imaze, rac praqtikosebs Zalian sWirdebaT: im strategiebis analizsa da gadamowmebaze, rom-lebic efeqtiani aRmoCnda praqtikaSi da maT misadagebaze kon-kretul situaciebTan.

magaliTad gvsurs movixmoT didi britaneTisa da CrdiloeTi irlandiis gaerTianebul samefos “skolebSi Zaladobis aR-mofxvris programa” (Violence Reduction in Schools Programme - ViRiS), romelsac inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamenti ax-orcielebs. muSaobis procesSi iTvaliswineben evropaSi arse-bul gamocdilebaTa Zalian farTo speqtrs, xolo safrangeTis ganaTlebis saministrosTan samTavroboTaSoriso TanamSrom-lobis programis wyalobiT, gaziarebulia safrangeTis poli-tika da praqtikac. “skolebSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris programa” swavlobs im konkretul SemTxvevebs, rodesac inglisis an ev-ropulma skolebma, rogorc Cans, warmatebas miaRwies Zalado-bis aRmofxvris saqmeSi. kvlevis procesSi aanalizeben, ratom aRmoCnda esa Tu is midgoma efeqtiani. kvlevis meTodologia moicavs mizez-Sedegobriobis analizs, romlis gareSec oden tendenciebis Seswavla praqtikosebisaTvis nakleb sasarge-blo iqneboda. am samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg, inglisSi gamo-qveyndeba Sesworebuli saxelmZRvanelo skolebisaTvis, yvela safexuris TanamSromelTa mosamzadebel masalebTan erTad. am kvlevam ukve gamoavlina evropeli praqtikosi kolegebis saer-To problemebi da saWiroebani. muSaobis procesSi muSa jgufma aRmoaCina isic, rom Zalian cota ram ician sxva qveynebSi arse-buli warmatebuli gamocdilebis Sesaxeb. “skolebSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris programisa” da gaerTianebuli samefos sxva inicia-

Sesavali

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tivaTa Sesaxeb informaciis miReba SesaZlebelia ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentis “qcevisa da daswrebis gaumjobese-bis” (Improving Behaviour and Attendance) ganyofilebis internet gverdze: http://www.dfes.gov.uk/behaviourandattendance.

meore gakveTili Seexeba mravalmxriv kavSirebsa da SesaZle-blobebs, kolegebma erTmaneTs gauziaron kargi praqtika Sex-vedrebisa da azrTa mimocvlis meSveobiT. am saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli informacia SeiZleba SevadaroT aisbergis mxolod wvers evropaSi nacadi efeqtiani praqtikis Sesaxeb infor-maciis nakadSi. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmZRvaneloSi cal-saxad Warbobs magaliTebi inglisisa da irlandiis respubliki-dan, avtorebma Zal-Rone ar daiSures imisaTvis, rom TavianTi samuSao evropis skolebTan daekavSirebinaT. gvsurs, gansa-kuTrebiT didi madloba gadavuxadoT piter smits, helen kou-isa da mona o’murs amJamindeli evropuli midgomis Rrma ana-lizisaTvis, romelic evropaSi maTi muSaobis safuZvelze ga-keTda. Tumca, maT calsaxad aRniSnes is sakiTxebic, romlebic saxel mZRvaneloSi ar Sesula, magaliTad, Zalian STambeWdavi da relevanturi samuSao, romelsac Cveni Sotlandieli mego-brebi axorcieleben (ix.: www.ltscotland.org.uk).

mravalmxrivi kavSirebi Zalian mniSvnelovania, magram skolebi ver moiTmenen, Tu igi darCeba mxolod akademiuri msjelobis asparezad. amasTan, Tu mravalmxrivi kavSirebi Semoifargleba praqtikul gadawyvetilebaTa urTierTgacvliT, maSin ver mo-xerxdeba mecnierTa, administratorTa da praqtikosTa Tavmoy-ra. idealuri iqneba Tu moxdeba evropis masStabiT Catarebuli seminarebisa da konferenciebis kombinireba, sadac damyardeba piradi kontaqtebi, xolo mecnierebi, maswavleblebi da admi-nistratorebi Zaladobis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb erTobliv xedvas SeimuSaveben da universalur gzebs dasaxaven. garda amisa, aseTi urTierTgacvlis Sedegebi da konkretuli evropuli magaliTe-bi aucileblad gamoqveyndeba specialur internet gverdze.

imavdroulad, gaerTianebuli samefos qcevisa da daswrebis na-cionalurma programam (National Behaviour and Attendance Exchange) yvela mniSvnelovani bmuli dado Tavis internet gverdze, maT Soris isinic, romlebic am saxelmZRvaneloSia moxseniebuli. internet gverdis misamarTia: http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/whole-school/behaviour/npsl_ba/exchange/. ase rom, am internet gverd-ze SeiZleba informaciis naxva yvela im sakiTxze, romelic am saxel mZRvaneloSia mocemuli. igi mTeli evropis specialis-tebs daexmareba codnis gaRrmavebaSi arsebuli dadebiTi gamocdilebis Sesaxeb.

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ueWvelia, rom evropul skolebsac aqvT msgavsi saWiroeba, ga-daWran Zaladobis analogiuri problemebi TavianT skolebSi, risTvisac arsebobs msgavsi gzebi da meTodologiebi. ara erT samTavrobo Tu adgilobriv iniciativas bevris swavleba Seu-Zlia. unda gaviziaroT isini. informaciis uwyveti cvla da TanamSromloba mTel evropaSi aucilebelia, evropis sabWom ki unda ganagrZos Tavisi rolis Sesruleba, kerZod, erTad Sekri-bos mkvlevarebi da praqtikosi specialistebi, skolebSi Zala-dobis aRmosafxvrelad gamoyenebuli qmediTi gamocdilebis gasaziareblad. es saxelmZRvanelo swored am procesis dasax-mareblad aris gankuTvnili.

Sesavali

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Tavi 1rogor daviwyoT

ZaladobasTan brZola skolebSi:evropuli xedva

piter k. smiti

es Tavi skolebs daexmareba:

Zaladobis koncefciisa da gansazRvrebis sworad gaazre-yybaSi;

evropuli iniciativebis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebaSi;yy

imis gaazrebaSi, Tu ra faqtorebi zemoqmedeben Zaladobriv yygaremoze skolaSi;

imis danaxvaSi, Tu ra axdens gavlenas moswavleebze;yy

im RonisZiebaTa mimoxilvaSi, romelTac amJamad axorcie-yylebs Tqveni skola Zaladobis aRmofxvris mizniT.

evropuli konteqsti

arsebobs mizezebi, romelTa gamoc Zaladoba skolebSi SeSfo-Tebas iwvevs. upirveles yovlisa, Zaladoba maSinve ayenebs zians im adamianebs, romlebic Zaladobis obieqtni xdebian an zians ayenebs saskolo garemos vandalizmis SemTxvevaSi. meorec, sko-laSi Zaladobrivi garemos arsebobam SeiZleba daucvelobisa da SiSis gancda dabados moswavleebSi, rac Tavad skolis miz-nebis sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebs. Zaladobrivi garemo skolaSi pirdapir ewinaaRmdegeba moqalaqeobis swavlebas, rac Cveni saboloo mizania. amasTan, Zaladoba skolaSi arRvevs moswav-leTa da axalgazrdebis uflebas, icxovron SiSisa da muqarisa-gan Tavisufal garemoSi (gaeros konvencia bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb).

skolebs SeswevT unari, pozitiuri nabijebi gadadgan Zala-dobisa da Zaladobis albaTobis Sesamcireblad. saxelmZRva-neloSi mocemulia am miznis misaRwevad gansaxorcielebeli umTavresi procesebi. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom am saxelmZRva-neloSi Zaladobas ki ganvixilavT skolis konteqstSi, magram es

16


ar gaxlavT mxolod skolebis problema. maTze, vinc skolaSi dadis, gavlenas axdens media, Zaladobisadmi damokidebuleba ufro farTo sazogadoebaSi da saerTaSoriso movlenebSic ki. media Zalian bevr Zaladobriv qmedebas aCvenebs, xandaxan iseTi formiT, rom Zaladoba mimzidveli da warmatebis momtanic ki Cans. Zaladobis SemTxvevebi xSiria sazogadoebaSi skolis ga-reT da zogjer gamarTlebulic. mSoblebis mxridan Svilebze Zaladoba (rogoricaa fizikuri dasja) kanonierad iTvleba da sakmaod gavrcelebulia bevr evropul qveyanaSi, magram ara yvelgan. umravlesoba amarTlebs Zaladobas, rogorc sapasuxo qmedebas kriminalebis (damsjeli Zaladoba) an teroristuli jgufebis winaaRmdeg. ase rom, skolaSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebis efeqtianobasa da legitimurobaze sakmaod did gavlenas axdenen skolis gareT sazogadoebaSi mim-dinare movlenebi da damokidebulebani. demokratiul sazoga-doebaSi pasuxismgebloba yvela moqalaqem unda gaiziaros.

aSkaraa, rom swored am diskusiisas ikveTeba, Tu ras vgulsx-mobT ZaladobaSi.

savarjiSo 1.1 – informaciis zogierTi ZiriTadi wyaro

pirveli savarjiSo gulisxmobs Zaladobis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb informaciis ramodenime ZiriTadi wyaros dasaxelebas da im in-ternet gverdebis miTiTebas, romlebic, SesaZloa, saintereso iyos skolebisaTvis.

skolaSi Zaladobis sakiTxze bevri gamosadegi wyaro arsebobs, magram evropul xedvas, gansakuTrebiT, Semdegi wyaroebi asa-xavs:

evropis sabWos proeqtis – “Zaladobaze reagireba demokra-yytiuli sazogadoebis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi” (Response to violence in everyday life in a democratic society) – internet gverdi: http://www.coe.int/T/E/Integrated-Projects/Violence/

didi britaneTisa da CrdiloeTi irlandiis gaerTianebuli yysamefos observatoria araZaladobis xelSewyobisaTvis. am internet gverdze ganTavsebulia saxelmZRvanelosTvis relevanturi yvela bmuli, romlebic regularulad ganax-ldeba. http://www.ukobservatory.com

skolebSi Zaladobis evropuli observatoria: yy http://www.ob-sviolence.com;

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evrokavSiris mier dafinansebuli yy CONNECT-is proeqti saxelwodebiT: “skolebSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZola ev-ropis masStabiT” (Tackling violence in schools on a European-wide basis) – 1998-2002, romelic erTmaneTs udarebs evrokavSiris 15 wevri saxelmwifos, agreTve, ori asocirebuli saxel-mwifos (norvegiisa da islandiis) viTarebas. es informacia SegiZliaT ixiloT internet gverdze: http://www.gold.ac.uk/connect.

CONNECTyy -is farglebSi dafinansebuli 5 sxva proeqti sko-lebSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb: http://europa.eu.int/comm/education/in-dex_en.html;

ICCRMyy -i wynari gzis programisaTvis (ICCRM for Pacific Pathway Program) – konfliqtis gadaWris programa skolebisaTvis, inglisuri da franguli versiebi kanadidan: http://www.iccrm.com

skolebSi Zaladobis Jurnali: yy http://genesislight.com/JSV.htm

gaerTianebuli samefos ganaTlebisa da unarebis departa-yymentis programis – “skolebSi Zaladobis aRmofxvra” – in-ternet gverdi: http://www.dfes.gov.uk/behaviourandattendance;

didi britaneTis internet gverdi “yoCobis winaaRmdeg”: yyhttp://www.dfes.gov.uk/bullying;

jandacvis msoflio organizaciis internet gverdi, kerZod, yysarCevSi ixileT fi – 006 samoqmedo gegma skolaSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis: http://www.health.fi/connect;

yoCobis sawinaaRmdego centri (yy Anti-bullying center), trinitis koleji, dublini, sadac SegiZliaT naxoT msoflios sxva-dasxva qveynis saitebTan damakavSirebeli bmulebi – http://www.abc.tcd.ie;

aRdgeniTi marTlmsajuleba – sasargeblo informacias yyixilavT Semdeg gverdebze: http://www.transformingconflict.org da http://www.realjustice.org

Zaladobis ganmarteba

ra aris “Zaladoba”? inglisuri sityvis “violence” monaTesave sit yvebi laTinur enebSi aris: espanuri violencia, portugaliuri violencia, italuri violenza, franguli violence, magram sxva ter-minebi evropul enebSi absoluturad gansxvavebuli lingvis-turi warmoSobisaa. magaliTad, germanuli gewalt, berZnuli

Tavi 1 - rogor daviwyoT

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ßíα, an islandiuri ofbeldi. sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, inglisuri “violence”-ic sxvadasxvagvarad ganimarteba. Tavad bavSvebi sko-lebSi Zaladobas sxvadasxvagvarad gansazRvraven, asakis, eni-sa da kulturuli Taviseburebebis mixedviT (smiti da sxvebi, 2002). modiT vnaxoT, Zaladobis sami ganmarteba, zrdasrul adamianTa xedviT.

enkartas inglisuri enis msoflio ganmartebiTi leqsikoni (En-carta, 1999) Zaladobas aseTnairad ganmartavs – Zaladoba aris: (1) fizikuri Zalis gamoyeneba vinmesTvis da raimesaTvis zianis miyenebis mizniT; (2) gaumarTlebeli Zalis aralegaluri gamo-yeneba an aseTi Zalis gamoyenebis muqara;

olveusis (olveusi, 1999, gv. 12) ganmartebiT ki, Zaladoba an Zaladobrivi qmedeba gaxlavT: agresiuli qmedeba, rodesac aseTi qmedebis Camdeni iyenebs sakuTar sxeuls an raime sagans (iaraRis CaTvliT) imisaTvis, rom SedarebiT seriozuli ziani an diskomforti miayenos meore pirs.

jandacvis msoflio organizaciis gansazRvrebis mixedviT, Zaladoba aris: fizikuri an fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis an Zalis ganzrax gamoyeneba, iqneba es faqtobrivi gamoyeneba, Tu gamoyenebis muqara, sakuTari Tavis, sxva adamianis an adamianTa jgufis an Temis winaaRmdeg, rasac Sedegad mohyveba an SeiZleba mohyves dazianeba, sikvdili, fsiqologiuri ziani, arasrulfa-sovani ganviTareba an danakargi (WHO fi-006).

zemoT moyvanili da bevri sxva ganmarteba erTmaneTs emTxveva ramodenime sakiTxSi, magram erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdeba ki-dec. am ganmartebebs saerTo aqvT is, rom Zaladoba:

zianis momtani da mavnebelia, an, sul mcire, aseTi zianis mi-yyyenebis safrTxes Seicavs; da

Cadenilia ganzrax (SemTxveviT miyenebuli ziani, rogorc yywesi, Zaladobad ar iTvleba);

magram modiT, davakvirdeT gansxvavebis farglebs. arsebobs, sul mcire, xuTi aspeqti:

1. Zaladoba aucileblad fizikuri unda iyos? enkartas pirveli gansazRvrebisa da olveusis gansazRvrebis mixedviT, igi aucileblad fizikuri unda iyos, magram olveusis meore ganmartebis an jandacvis msoflio organizaciis ganmartebis mixedviT, es ase ar aris. es, albaT, yvelaze gadamwyveti sakiT-xia. fizikur qmedebamde Zaladobis dayvana mas mkafio fokuss aniWebs da, SesaZloa, aadvilebs mis Sefasebas, radgan fizikur

19

zemoqmedebaTa monitoringi ufro advilia, vidre sityvieri Tu urTierTobisas gamovlenili Zaladobisa. swored es ganasx-vavebs Zaladobas agresiisagan. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom yvela mkvlevari ar iwonebs Zaladobis aseT SezRudul ganmartebas, radgan igi aSkarad gamoricxavs iseT mizanmimarTul saziano qmedebebs, rogorebicaa sityvieri Seuracxyofa, socialuri gariyva, binZuri Worebis gavrceleba da sxv. (Underwood, 2002);

2. Zaladoba aucileblad pirovnebis winaaRmdeg unda iyos Cade-nili, Tu ara? enkartas mixedviT, es aucilebeli ar aris, mag ram olveusisa da jandacvis msoflio organizaciis ganmartebiT, es asea – anu Zaladoba aucileblad pirovnebis winaaRmdeg unda iyos mimarTuli. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, CaiTvleba Tu ara Zaladobad vandalizmi? (“sxvisi qonebis borotgan zraxuli an winaswar dagegmili dazianeba an ganadgureba” – enkarta, 1999). unda CaiTvalos Tu ara Zaladobad skolis kedlebze warwerebis gakeTeba an saskolo wignebis Tu teqnikis ganzrax ganadgure-ba?

3. ra CaiTvleba Zaladobad: qceva, romelic azianebs vinmes an raimes, Tu mxolod muqarac sakmarisia, rom qmedeba Zaladobad CaiTvalos, rogorc es enkartas meore an jandacvis msoflio organizaciis gansazRvrebaSia mocemuli? faqtobrivi Zalado-bis msgavsad, Zaladobis muqaraze aqcentis gakeTeba amarTlebs Sefasebis iseTi sazomebis Semotanas, rogoricaa, magaliTad, daucvelobis SegrZneba.

4. iTvleba Tu ara Zaladoba Zaladobad, Tu igi kanonieria (ix. enkarta (2))? Tu es asea, maSin is mSobeli, romelic Svils fizi-kurad sjis, moZaladed unda CaiTvalos. maSin iqneb moZaladea isic, vinc moswavleebs disciplinis gamo sjis, an policieli, romelic kriminalis Sekavebas cdilobs, an mosamarTle, romel-ic damnaSaves sasjels usjis? magram Tu es ase ar aris, gamodis rom CvenTvis misaRebia sazogadoebis mier gansazRvruli Zala-dobis kanoniereba? SeiZleba ki am midgomis winaaRmdeg gamos-vla?

5. Zaladoba aucileblad pirovnebam unda Caidinos (olveu-si), Tu SeiZleba mas socialuri jgufi an raime instituti Ca-diodes? termini “institucionaluri Zaladoba” swored meore SesaZleblobas gulisxmobs da saSualebas gvaZlevs, vimsjeloT albaTobaze, rom skola Zaladobs moswavleebze garkveul qmedebaTa Tu politikis motiviT.

da bolos, rodesac am gansazRvrebas viyenebT, iqneba es faqtebis aRnusxvis mizniT Tu reagirebisaTvis, aucilebelia gadavwyvi-


20


toT, ra doneze iqceva esa Tu is qmedeba Zaladobad? ramdenad se-riozuli unda iyos ziani, rom misi gamomwvevi qmedeba Zaladobad CaiTvalos? yoveldRiurad TiToeuli Cvengani iRebs garkveul tkivils. ra unda CavTvaloT Zaladobad, mxolod sakmaod se-riozuli dartymebi, Seuracxyofa an socialuri provokaciebi? Tu Zaladobad CavTvaloT iseTi qmedebebi, romel Tac frangma mkvle varebma “mikro-Zaladoba” an “araciviluroba” uwodes anu SedarebiT mcire uzrdeloba da wesebis darRveva? (debarbiu da sxv., 2003). gansazRvrebebis umetesoba aseT qmedebebs Zaladobad ar Tvlis, magram maT mainc Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs ufro seriozuli saskolo Zaladobis warmoSobis mizezebis gaazre-bisa da Sesabamisi reagirebisaTvis.

konvivensia

es gansxvavebebi SeuZlebelia gadaiWras profesionalTa did, saerTaSoriso jgufSi, radgan uamravi pirovnuli, kulturu-li, disciplinaruli da lingvisturi gansxvaveba arsebobs. Tumca, TiToeul Cvengans SeuZlia absoluturad cxadad war-moidginos, ras vgulisxmobT ama Tu im konkretul skolaSi an raime kvlevis Catarebisas. ase rom, gansazRvrebaze SeTanxmeba da am sakiTxSi sicxadis Setana mizanSewonilia konkretul sko-lasTan da konkretul adgilTan mimarTebiT.

roca vcdilobT skolisaTvis Sesafer gansazRvrebaze SevTan-xmdeT, SesaZloa, gamosavali iyos ara Zaladobis, aramed misi sa-pirispiro cnebis – espanuri konvivensiis gamoyeneba, rac erTad harmoniul cxovrebas niSnavs. aqedan gamomdinare, modi, Seveca-doT gavaumjobesoT konvivensia skolebSi da ganvixiloT, ra tipis Zaladoba moqmedebs konvivensiis sawinaaRmdegod.

konvivensia, romelic “erTad harmoniul cxovrebas” niSnavs, am saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli iqneba araZaladobis aRniS-vnisa da aRwerisaTvis.

savarjiSo 1.2: Zaladobrivi qmedebani, romlebic SeSfoTebas iwveven da konvivensiis winaaRmdeg moqmedeben

Zaladobis zemoT mocemuli ganmartebebis Sesabamisad, CamoT-valeT is Zaladobrivi qmedebani, romlebic Tqvens skolaSi SeS-foTebas iwvevs. SesaZloa, sasargeblo aRmoCndes siis Sedgena Semdegi saTaurebiT:

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Zaladobrivi qmedeba iniciatori

misi zegavlena konvivensiaze

am siis Sedgenis Semdeg, cxadad gaiazrebT, rogoria “Zalado-bis” Tqveneuli ganmarteba.

informacia skolebSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb

cxadia, Zaladobis Cveneuli ganmarteba gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor movagrovebT informacias mis Sesaxeb makro doneze. konkretul skolaSi monacemebis Segrovebisas, Zaladobis gan-sazRvrebis garda, kidev sxva mniSvnelovani sakiTxebia gasaT-valiswinebeli. miuxedavad imisa, rom Sesabamisi statistika evropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi arsebobs (smiti, 2003), bevri maTgani arasruli an iribia. magaliTad, kvlevebi yoCobis Se-saxeb (da ara Zaladobis Sesaxeb); oficialuri statistika Zala-dobiT gamowveul ubedur SemTxvevebze; kriminaluri statis-tika, romelic asocialuri qcevis, arasrulwlovanTa damnaSa-veobisa da vandalizmis samarTlebriv ganmartebebs efuZneba da monacemebi skolidan garicxvebis Sesaxeb.

zogadad, ar arsebobs sistematuri monacemebi, romlebic xan-grZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi, farTo masStabiT grovdeboda. skolebSi Zaladobis statistika sxvadasxva meTods efuZneba. me-2 TavSi, romelic audits eZRvneba, ganxilulia, rogor unda dainaxon skolebma Zaladoba TavianT konkretul situaciaSi.

xelmisawvdomi statistikuri monacemebis umetesoba moswav-lis mier meore moswavlis mimarT Zaladobas exeba. ZaladobaSi CarTuli sxva “wyvilebi” iSviaTad Tua naxsenebi. es faqti, al-baT, zustad asaxavs Zaladobis problemis aRqmis Tavisebure-bas da, SesaZloa, imasac, rom zogierT skolasa Tu personals ar surs, Riad isaubros maTi mxridan gamovlenil Zaladobaze. aSkaraa, rom qonebis mimarT Zaladobisa da institucionaluri


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Zaladobis garda, amgvarma qmedebebma, SesaZloa, Tavi iCinos skolaSi nebismier pirebs Soris. garda moswavlis mxridan meo-re moswavlis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli Zaladobisa, SesaZlebelia moswavleTa Zaladoba skolis personalis winaaRmdeg, skolis personalis mxridan – moswavleebis winaaRmdeg da Tavad per-sonals Soris.

faqtorebi, romlebic zemoqmedeben saskolo Zaladobaze

miuxedavad sxvadasxva ganmartebisa da wyaroebisa, Cven sakmaod bevri viciT im faqtorTa Sesaxeb, romlebic skolaSi Zaladobis doneze axdens gavlenas. am faqtorebs Sorisaa: skolis tipi da skolaSi arsebuli garemo; TanatolTa jgufebis maxasiaTeble-bi, moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebi, rogorebicaa asaki, sqesi, eTni-kuri warmomavloba, ojaxi da gansakuTrebuli saganmanaTleb-lo saWiroebani, agreTve, istoriuli tendenciebi.

skolis maxasiaTeblebi

cotaa monacemebi imis Sesaxeb, rom skolis an klasis zoma mniS-vnelovani faqtorebia skolaSi Zaladobis donis prognozirebi-saTvis (olveusi, 1999, smiti, 2003). Tumca, skolis garemos iseTi maxasiaTebeli, rogoricaa klasis marTvis unari, mniSvnelovani faqtoria ramdenime kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT (norvegiaSi, rolandi da galoueii, 2002), magram ara yvelgan (germania, han-evinkeli, 2004). amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, filadelfiaSi, Catarebulma kvlevam (velSi da sxv.) gviCvena, rom moswavleTa individualuri maxasiaTeblebi ufro ukeTesi prognozirebis saSualebas iZleva, vidre skolisa da Temis damaxasiaTebeli faqtorebi. amisgan gansxvavebiT, benbeniStma da astorma (presa) israelis skolebSi Caatares farTomasStabiani kvleva da Seis-wavles Temis, skolis, klasisa da ojaxis cvladebi. sainteresoa maTi aRmoCena, rom aRniSnuli faqtorebi gansxvavebul zegav-lenas axdenen sxvadasxva tipis Zaladobaze. skolis maxasiaTeb-lebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, skolis garemo, faqtobrivad, gansazRvravs Zaladobis msxverplad gaxdomis albaTobas, gan-sakuTrebiT ki, zomieri devnis SemTxvevaSi. ufro nakleb Zala-dobaze – sityvier devnaze ki skolis garemos naklebi zegavlena aqvs. aRmoCnda, rom skolis socialur-ekonomikuri statusis maxasiaTeblebs meti gavlena aqvT ufro sastik Zaladobaze. rogorc Cans, Zalian bevri garemoeba axdens gavlenas Temis, skolisa da calkeul faqtorTa SedarebiT mniSvnelobaze, Tum-ca, cxadia, rom TiToeuli faqtori garkveul rols TamaSobs.

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savarjiSo 1.3: ra faqtorebi axdens gavlenas skolaSi konvivensiis garemoze?

skolaSi konvivensiis Seqmnis an SenarCunebis mizniT, aucile-belia im faqtorTa ganxilva da Seswavla, romlebic gavle-nas axdens konvivensiaze. msjelobis safuZvelze, SeadgineT aseT faqtorTa sia da ganalageT isini konvivensiaze gavlenis xarisxis mixedviT. SesaZloa, gamosadegi aRmoCndes am faqtore-bis dajgufeba oTxi qvesaTauris qveS:

moswavleebTan dakavSirebuli;yy

mowiful adamianebTan dakavSirebuli;yy

SenobebTan / obieqtebTan dakavSirebuli;yy

skolis gareT / TemTan dakavSirebuli.yy

TanatolTa jgufis maxasiaTeblebia

moswavleebze gavlenas axdens TanatolTa is jgufi, romelSic isini imyofebian. amgvari gavlenis arsebobas adasturebs is kvlevebic, romlebic Caatares arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis garSemo. danaSaulebebis Sesaxeb arsebuli Teoriis mixedviT, adamianebi, romlebic danaSaulebriv qmedebas adreul asak-Sive iwyeben, asocialur da Zaladobriv saqciels pubertatis asakamde amJRavneben (albaT, amaze gavlenas axdens individua-luri da pirovnebis damaxasiaTebeli faqtorebi) da, SesaZloa, amgvari qmedeba didi xnis ganmavlobaSi gaagrZelon. amisa-gan gansxvavebiT, bevri moswavle damnaSave mogvianebiT xdeba da asocialuri qcevas mxolod ramdenime wels agrZelebs. es, rogorc wesi, pikur asaks (13-dan 16 wlamde) emTxveva. am etapze TanatolTa jgufs Zalian didi gavlena aqvs. rogorc Cans, TanatolTa jgufis gavlena ufro Zlieria zomierad “rTul” bavSvebze, magram ufro dabalia “Zalian rTul” biWebze (rom-lebic im droisaTvis, SeiZleba, ukve iyvnen asocialuri bande-bis liderebi) an mowesrigebul moswavleebze (romlebic swav-laSi warmatebaze arian motivirebulni da Tavs arideben aso-cialur TanatolTa jgufebs). (patersoni da sxv., 1989; vitaro da sxv., 1997).

moswavleTa maxasiaTeblebi

statistikuri monacemebis umravlesoba gviCvenebs, rom sko-laSi Zaladobis msxverplad gaxdomis SemTxvevebi asakis mate-basTan erTad mcirdeba (smiti, 2003). es, SesaZloa, imitom xdeba,


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rom potenciuri msxverpli asakTan erTad ufro Zlierdeba da metad iZens unarebs, romlebic mas Tavdasxmisagan Tavis aride-bis saSualebas aZlevs. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom Zaladobis SemTxvevebi izrdeba asakis matebasTan erTad da moZaladee-bis ricxvic izrdeba mozardobis saSualo asakidan mozardo-bis zeda asakisaken. normebis darRveva da sarisko qceva ufro xSirdeba da metad miRebuli xdeba mozardobis asakSi Ses-vlasTan erTad (arneti, 1992). garda amisa, Zaladobis iseTi formebi, rogorebicaa seqsualuri Zaladoba anda seqsualuri orientaciis gamo dacinva an daSineba, naklebad gavrcelebulia dabal klasebSi – moswavleTa saSualo skolaSi gadasvlamde.

bevri qveynis statistikuri monacemebi calsaxad gviCvenebs gansxvavebas sqesis mixedviT (smiti, 2003). gansakuTrebiT ma-Sin, roca vsaubrobT Zaladobis fizikur formebze – Zala-doba biWebs Soris bevrad xSiria, vidre gogonebs Soris. rogorc wesi, biWebi fizikurad ufro Zlierebi arian, vidre imave asakis gogonebi da fizikuri Zala mniSvnelovnad gan-sazRvravs statuss TanatolTa jgufSi. Tumca, Tu gamovi-yenebT Zaladobis ufro farTo gansazRvrebas, aRmovaCenT, rom urTierTobiTi Zaladobis iseT formebSi, rogoricaa socialuri gariyva, Worebis gavrceleba da sityvieri Zala-doba, gogonebs SedarebiT maRali, xandaxan ki absoluturi maCvenebeli aReniSnebaT.

Zalian bevr evropul qveyanaSi, ukanaskneli 10 wlis ganmavloba-Si, gansakuTrebiT swrafad izrdeba skolebSi emigrant moswav-leTa ricxvi. bevr qveyanaSi SesamCnevia rasobrivi daZabuloba da es skolebzec aisaxeba. emigranti da eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgenelma moswavleebma, SesaZloa iwvnion rasobrivi damcireba. Tavis mxriv, axalgazrdebi skolaSi SeiZleba movid-nen gansxvavebuli molodinebiT, frustraciisa da deprivaci-is gansxvavebuli gamocdilebiT. Tumca, ramdenadac monace-mebi araerTgvarovani da gansxvavebulia, naklebad dasaSvebia Zaladobis xarisxis dakavSireba romelime konkretul eTnikur jgufTan (smiti, 2003; benbenisti da astori, presaSi).

kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom ojaxuri konteqsti yvelaze mniS-vnelovan gavlenas axdens Zaladobis warmoSobaze (olveusi, 1993). ufro agresiuli, Zaladobisa da daSinebisaken midrekili bavSvebi izrdebian iseT ojaxebSi, sadac mSoblebi Tavad arian moZaladeebi, ar gamoxataven siTbos da ver akvirdebian da akon-troleben TavianTi Svilebis qcevas. imavdroulad, arsebobs imis magaliTebic, rom zedmetad mzrunveli mSoblebis Svilebi ufro xSirad xdebian Zaladobis msxverplni.

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Zaladobis msxverplad gaxdomis ufro maRali riskis qveS arian gansakuTrebuli saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mqone da Sez-Ruduli SesaZleblobebis bavSvebi (nabuzoka, 2000). am bavSvebis qceva, SesaZloa, damamcirebeli da Zaladobrivi mopyrobis saba-bi gaxdes. xSirad maT Tanatoli megobrebi ar icaven. gansakuTre-buli saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebi xandaxan Tavadac agresiuli qmedebiT wyveten TavianT problemebs (ix. savarjiSo 1.4).

savarjiSo 1.4: ra faqtorebma SeiZleba iqonion gavlena moswavleebze?

Tu ganvixilavT TiToeul faqtors, romelic gavlenas axdens konvivensiaze moswavleebze zemoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT, Se-saZ loa, movisurvoT 1.3 aqtivobiT gaTvaliswinebuli siis gad-axedva. xom ar SevcvaloT Tanmimdevroba TiToeuli faqtoris gavlenis siZlieris mixedviT? amis gaTvaliswineba mniSvnelo-vania, Tu skolis politika da moqmedebaTa dagegmva (Tavi 3) orientirebuli unda iyos moswavleze.

istoriuli tendenciebi – izrdeba Tu ara Zaladobis SemTxvevebi?

saerTod, gavrcelebulia mosazreba, rom Zaladoba izrdeba, maT Soris, skolaSic. Tumca, WeSmariteba ufro rTulia. ama Tu im movlenis aRqma realobas yovelTvis ar Seesabameba. Zalian xSirad, asakovani xalxi warsuls mistiris, mistiris im “oqros xanas”, rodesac yvelaferi ukeTesad iyo, rodesac naklebi iyo Zaladoba an arasrulwlovanTa danaSauli. Tu gadavxedavT erTi-ori Taobis win arsebul mdgomareobas, aRmoCndeba, rom asakovani adamianebi maSinac zustad ase mistirodnen warsuls (pirsoni, 1983)..

calkeul qveynebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi ar iZleva sakmaris informacias imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogoria Zaladobis tendencia droTa ganmavlobaSi. Tumca, zogierT qveyanaSi (germania, nor-vegia) aseTi monacemebi arsebobs da es monacemebi skolebSi Zaladobis odnav zrdaze mianiSnebs. zogierT qveyanaSi (magali-Tad, italiaSi) Zaladobis done droTa ganmavlobaSi mcirdeba; sxvebSi ki zogi tipis Zaladoba izrdeba, zogi tipis - mcir-deba.


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skolaSi Zaladobis aRmosafxvrelad gatarebuli RonisZiebebi

nacionaluri moTxovnebi, iniciativebi da programebi

smitis Catarebuli kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom arsebobs garkveu-li RonisZiebebi, romlebic yvela qveyanas aqvs nacadi. esenia na-cionaluri iniciativebi, regionaluri an adgilobrivi an, Tun-dac, calkeuli skolebis mier gatarebuli RonisZiebebi. ufro farTomasStabiani moqmedebebi, umetesad, kargad SemuSavebuli programebis safuZvelze xorcieldeba da SeiZleba moicavdes kurikulumSi axali Temebis Setanas, riskis jgufs mikuTvnebul moswavleebTan individualur muSaobas da sxva RonisZiebebs. magaliTad, olveusis yoCobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul programas farTod iyeneben norvegiaSi (sxva iniciativebTan erTad), iye-nebdnen avstriaSi, fineTsa da germaniaSi, amJamad ganixilaven islandiaSic. portugaliasa da gaerTianebul samefoSi far-Tod iyeneben usafrTxo skolebis programas. espaneTis andalu-zia/seviliis regionSi SeimuSaves gadarCenis programa, xolo SvedeTSi xSirad iyeneben “farsta programas”. es programebi kargad aris aRwerili bukletebsa da sxva masalebSi rogorc moswavleebis, aseve maswavleblebisaTvis da maT met-naklebad standartuli forma aqvT. rogorc wesi, arsebobs maTi efeq-tianobis Sefasebis saSualebebic.

ganaTlebis saministroebi umetes qveynebSi skolebisagan moiTxoven iseTi garemos Seqmnas, sadac pativs scemen sxva ada-mianebs. Tumca, ori wlis win Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom evropis qveynebis mxolod naxevarze naklebs (belgia, fineTi, safrangeTi, germania, irlandia, luqsemburgi, SvedeTi da gaerTianebuli samefo) hqonda konkretuli da samarTlebrivi moTxovnebi skolebSi Zaladobisa da daSinebis prevenciisaTvis (ananiadu da smiti, 2002). xandaxan sxvadasxva StatSi (magali-Tad, germanul landebsa an gaerTianebuli samefos sxvada-sxva administraciul erTeulSi) gansxvavebuli wesebi da moT-xovnebi aqvT. zogierTi qveynis samarTlebrivi bazis mixedviT, skolebs, SesaZloa, moeTxovebodeT kompleqsuri midgomis an politikis SemuSaveba Zaladobasa an yoCobasTan gasamklaveb-lad; SesaZloa, arsebobdes Sesabamisi nacionaluri samecniero bazac, romelic skolebs amaSi daexmareba.

bevri sxva iniciativa, romelic Zaladobis aRmofxvras warmate-biT axerxebs, naklebad standartizebulia an mxolod loka-lurad gamoiyeneba. aseTi iniciativebi aSkarad mxardaWeris Rirsia da maT safuZvelze SesaZlebelia Zalian sasargeblo

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procedurebis danergva. muxa rkosagan izrdeba! Tumca, droi-sa da resursebis efeqtianad gamoyenebis mizniT, aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom saWiroa rogorc Sefaseba, aseve in-formaciis gavrceleba (ix. savarjiSo 1.5).

savarjiSo 1.5: nacionaluri iniciativa – rogor exmare-ba igi saskolo politikisa da wesebis Seqmnas?

skolebs, romelTac surT muSaobis dawyeba Zaladobis aR-mosafxvrelad, upirveles yovlisa dasWirdebaT im adgilo-brivi da nacionaluri iniciativebis garkveva, romlebic maT Sesabamisi politikis formirebaSi daexmareba (ix. Tavi 3), amas-Tan, im internet gverdebis gacnoba, romlebic 1.1 savarjiSoSia CamoTvlili.

saskolo politika da saklaso wesebi

miuxedavad imisa, nacionaluri samarTlebrivi moTxovnebis mixedviT vimoqmedebT, Tu struqturizebuli programebis (rogoricaa olveusis yoCobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli progra-ma), mTavari strategiaa iseTi saskolo politikisa da saklaso wesebis SemuSaveba, rom gavumklavdeT Zaladobas da Camova-yaliboT swori qceva. zogierT qveyanaSi, magaliTad, did britaneTSi, aqcenti keTdeba mTlianad saskolo politikis SemuSavebaze, maSin, roca sxva qveynebSi (avstria, niderlan-debi) yuradReba saklaso wesebis SemuSavebazea gamaxvilebuli. aseTi procedurebis dadebiTi mxare isaa, rom isini skolis personalsa da moswavleebs Soris konsultaciebis Catarebis saSualebas iZleva. saklaso wesebis SemuSavebis procesi maqsi-malurad amaR lebs moswavleTa individualur CarTulobas, imavdroulad, matulobs fragmentuli midgomis riskic, rac ar axasiaTebs saskolo midgomas. skolis TanamSromlebi mniSv-nelovan rols asruleben saklaso wesebis Tu saskolo politi-kis SemuSavebaSi moswavleebis CarTviT. sworad SemuSavebuli saskolo midgoma mkafiod gamokveTs skolis personalisa da mSoblebis rols (ix. Tavi 3).

zogadi prevenciuli RonisZiebani

zogierTi iniciativa aqcents pirdapir Zaladobaze ki ar akeTebs, aramed cdilobs gaaZlieros prevenciuli faqtore-bi. magaliTad, daniaSi arsebobs bavSvTa saparlamento dRe, rodesac bavSvebs eZlevaT saSualeba, gamoxaton (da xma miscen) wuxili da SeSfoTeba skolebTan dakavSirebiT, ganacxadon,


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ris gaumjobesebas isurvebdnen da rogor. aseTma RonisZiebam, SesaZloa, gaaZlieros monawileobisa da moqalaqeobis aRqma da praqtikuli winadadebebic ki miviRoT skolaSi Zaladobis aR-mofxvrasTan dakavSirebiT. analogiuri “saparlamento dRee-bi” safrangeTsa da SvedeTSic mosinjes.

zogierTi programa isea Seqmnili, rom saskolo garemos gaum-jobesebas apirebs skolis personalis ganaTlebis da moswav-leTa pirovnuli Tu socialuri ganaTlebis gaZlierebiT. amis magaliTia islandiaSi ganxorcielebuli programa usafrTxo cxovrebis unarebis Sesaxeb. zogierTi tendencia norvegiasa da niderlandebSi gviCvenebs, rom aseTi programebi ufro imedis-momcemia, vidre konkretulad Zaladobis an yoCobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli programebi (rolandi da galouei, 2004). Zalado-bis aRmosafxvrelad sxva RonisZiebebsac ganixilaven. kerZod, ufro mcire klasebis, ufro patara skolebisa da meti spor-tuli darbazis (ara SejibrebebisTvis) arseboba, Tumca, kvle-vebis Sedegebi bevrs arafers ambobs imis Sesaxeb, rom mcire zomis klasi an skola gavlenas axdens Zaladobis doneze. zogad kurikulumSi iseTi midgomis CarTva, rogoricaa, magaliTad, jgufuri koordinirebuli muSaoba (koui da sxv., 1994), kidev ufro aZlierebs moswavleebs Soris pirad urTierTobebs (ix., agreTve, Tavebi 5 da 6).

saskolo garemos gaumjobeseba Zaladobis aRmofxvris mizniT

Zaladobrivi incidentebis albaTobaze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens skolis fizikuri garemo. Zaladobis xelSemwyob erT-erT faqtorad SeiZleba iqces mcire gaRizianebac ki. magali-Tad, koridorSi erTmaneTTan Sejaxeba, frustraciis SegrZneba bufetSi rigSi dgomis gamo da a.S. kargi iqneba sxvadasxva daniS-nulebis, Tan metad mimzidveli saTamaSo moednebis mowyoba, raTa moswavleebs mowyeniloba ar daeufloT da imis gamo, rom ukeTess verafers akeTeben, ubralod “garTobisTvis” ar Cai-dinon Zaladobrivi qmedeba. Tumca, moswavleTa Soris Zala-dobis aRmosafxvrelad, skolis fizikur garemoSi, albaT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania ufrosebis mxridan meTvalyureobis gamartiveba da gazrda. sasargeblo iqneba, Tu kargad gamoC-ndeba is adgilebi, sadac moswavleebi imyofebian, an gamoiyofa zedamxedvelebi sadilis dros meTvalyureobisaTvis, Tu amas TanamSromlebi ar akeTeben (ix. Tavi 6).

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saswavlo programebi da aqtivobebi

Zaladobisa da yoCobis Sesaxeb sainformacio da codnis gasaR-rmavebeli masalebi farTod gamoiyeneba am movlenebisadmi damokidebulebis Secvlisa da Zaladobis aRmofxvris mizniT. aseT sainformacio masalebs Sorisaa specialistTa jgufebis mier Seqmnili literatura, drama da TamaSi, filmebi da video-masalebi. ukanasknel wlebSi Zalian ganviTarda multimedia sa-Sualebebi, rogorebicaa kompaqt-diskebze Cawerili masala da virtualur samyaroSi urTierTobaTa saSualebebi. socialuri da emociuri unar-Cvevebis swavlebisaTvis ramodenime programa Seiqmna, magaliTad, wynari dawyebiTi skolis programa (Pacific Pri-mary Programme), romelic frangul da inglisur enebzea xelmi-sawvdomi, agreTve, SEBS-is programa inglisSi. arsebuli monace-mebis mixedviT, es programebi sakmaod efeqtiania Zaladobis wi-naaRmdeg, magram mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini Carevis ufro farTo programis erT-erT komponents Seadgenen (ix. Tavi 4).

calkeul moswavleTa daxmareba, romlebic, safrTxea, gaxd-nen moZaladeebi

zogierTi prevenciuli xasiaTis Careva fokusirebulia calkeul moswavleze, romlebic riskis qveS arian. am RonisZie-baTa Sorisaa “pozitiuri informaciis baraTis” sqema (belgia-Si), treningi socialur kompetenciebsa da unarebSi, treningi moswavleTa TviTdamkvidrebasa da TviTSefasebis amaRlebaSi (Pathway-s programa irlandiaSi). iseTi programebi, rogorebi-caa “No Blame – braldebis gareSe” (meinsi da robinsoni, 1992) an “Method of Shared Concern –saerTo SeSfoTebis meTodi” (pika-si, 2002) isea agebuli, rom agresiul bavSvebs TavianTi qcevis Secvlis stimuli eZlevaT (ix. Tavi 5).

daxmareba Zaladobis msxverplTaTvis

Zaladobis msxverplTa daxmarebis sxvadasxva saSualeba da forma arsebobs. zogadi kurikulumi, SesaZlebelia, moswav-leebs daexmaros iseTi midgomebis CamoyalibebaSi, romelic iTvaliswinebs Zaladobis msxverplTa daxmarebas TviTmxil-velTa an TanatolTa mxridan. amis erT-erTi magaliTia nu-tinenis slaidebis Cveneba (fineTi) – Nuutinen Slide Show, rac miz-nad isaxavs moswavleebSi Zaladobis mimarT damokidebulebis Sokur cvlilebas. ufro farTo doneze arsebobs TanatolTa mxardaWeris sxvadasxva formebi, maT Soris, damegobrebis, me-diaciisa da konfliqtebis gadaWris Tu rCevebis gacemis sqe-mebi (ix. koui da velesi, 1998 da am saxelmZRvanelos sxvadasxva


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Tavi). es meTodebi bolo aTwleulSi Camoyalibda. TanatolTa mxardaWeris meTodis arsebuli Sefaseba gviCvenebs, rom amgvar midgomebs SeuZliaT gaaumjobeson zogadad skolis garemo, radgan ubiZgebs Zaladobis TviTmxilvelebs, daexmaron Tana-tols da daicvan daucveli moswavleebi. aseTi sqemebi ramo-denime qveyanaSi iqmneba da viTardeba (italia, gaerTianebuli samefo). ix. agreTve, Tavi 5.

saskolo usafrTxoebisa da uSiSroebis organizeba

zogierTi iniciativa aqcents akeTebs imaze, rom gaerkvas Zala-dobis faqtSi mxolod misi Cadenis Semdeg an naklebi SesaZle-bloba Seuqmnas mis ganviTarebas. ramodenime qveyanaSi (avstria, espaneTi da gaerTianebuli samefo) moswavleebisaTvis Seq-mnilia specialuri cxeli xazi, sadac daxmarebas anonimurad miiReben. usafrTxoebas uzrunvelyofs Semdegi RonisZiebebic: moswavleTa daucveli jgufebisaTvis e.w. “gangaSis samajuris” gakeTeba, rac maT saSualebas aZlevs, daxmareba moiTxovon Tavdasxmis an muqaris SemTxvevaSi (fineTi); swrafi reagirebis sistemebis Seqmna Zaladobrivi incidentebis sapasuxod; skola-Si dacvis daqiraveba (portugaliis usafrTxo skolebis pro-grama) da skolaSi saerTo usafrTxoebis garemos gaZliereba (iaraRis tarebis an skolis SenobaSi Sesvlaze kontroli, Se-saZloa, video-TvalTvalis sistemis gamoyenebac). reagirebis aseTi saSualebebi, SesaZloa, aucilebeli iyos zog situaciaSi, magram arsebobs riski, rom amgvari RonisZiebebi uaryofiTad imoqmedebs saskolo garemosa da konvivensiis gaumjobesebaze. portugaliis magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom am qveyanaSi usafrTxo garemos Seqmnaze orientirebuli “usafrTxo skolebis prog-rama” amJamad gzas uTmobs ufro pedagogiur principebze da-fuZnebul midgomas da orientirebulia moswavleTa TviTSe-fasebisa Tu pasuxismgeblobis grZnobis amaRlebaze. analogi-urad, didi britaneTis zogierT skolaSi arsebuli midgoma, romelic reabilitaciazea orientirebuli da sareabilita-cio samarTals efuZneba, Zalian karg Sedegebs iZleva, rogorc Zaladobis msxverplTa, aseve Zaladobis CamdenebisaTvis.

skolis personalis momzadeba

maswavlebelTa mxardaWera Zaladobis winaaRmdeg muSaobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani nawilia. miuxedavad imisa, rom Zaladobis problema skolaSi momuSave yvela adamians exeba, swored mas-wavleblebi dganan wina xazze moswavleTa Soris Zaladobis aR-mofxvrisa da masze reagirebis TvalsazrisiT. amdenad, aucile-belia maswavlebelTa Sesabamisi momzadeba. ukeTesi Sedegebis

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miReba SeiZleba, Tu momzadebas gaivlis skolis danarCeni per-sonalic: saTamaSo moednis zedamxedvelebi, skolis yarauli, mzareuli da eqTnebi, romlebic, SesaZloa, Zaladobis mowmeni gaxdnen, magram ar icodnen, rogor moaxdinon reagireba. metis miRweva SeiZleba, Tu skolis personals ecodineba, rogor Car-Ton mSoblebi skolaSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris RonisZiebebSi. msoflios bevr qveyanaSi maswavleblebi specialur trenings gadian Zaladobaze reagirebis Temaze (magaliTad, irlandia da espaneTi); arsebobs bevri sainformacio masala maswavleblebi-saTvis (magaliTad, did britaneTSi “yoCobis sawinaaRmdego paketi”); xSirad saqmeSi CarTulni arian da maswavleblebs ex-marebian specialuri ganaTlebis asistentebic (safrangeTi) an mentorebi (didi britaneTi).

savarjiSo 1.6: ras akeTebs amJamad skola? – Sesamowmebel maCvenebelTa nusxa

rogorc am TavSia aRwerili, Zaladobis aRmofxvra kompleq-suri procesia. arsebuli mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad saWiroa, rom skolebma SeimuSaon mTeli rigi urTierTdakav-Sirebuli strategiebi, raTa daamkvidron konvivensia da, Zala-dobis SemTxvevaSi, sworad upasuxon mas.

ra midgomebi, sistemebi da personalis unarebi arsebobs Tqvens skolaSi konvivensiis dasamkvidreblad, rogorc es am TavSia aRwerili? kidev risi daxvewa da gaumjobeseba SeiZleba moma-valSi? qvemoT mocemuli nusxa dagexmarebaT arsebuli mdgo-mareobis gansazRvraSi, auditis dawyebamde.

savarjiSo / reagirebis saxe midgomebi / sistemebi / unarebi

nacionalur doneze arsebul moTxovnebze, iniciativebsa da programebze reagireba

saskolo politika da saklaso wesebi

zogadi prevenciuli RonisZiebani


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saskolo garemos gaumjobeseba Zaladobis aRmofxvris mizniT

saskolo programebisa da savarjiSoebis swavleba

calkeul moswavleTa daxmareba, romlebic, safrTxea, gaxdnen moZaladeebi

Zaladobis msxverplTa mxardaWera

usafrTxoebisa da uSiSroebis organizeba

personalis momzadeba

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Tavi 2gavigoT meti

skolis auditis roli Zaladobisprevenciasa da aRmofxvraSi

piter galvini


sworad dagegmon auditis procesi, skolaSi Zaladobis do-yynis gamovlenis mizniT;

gaarkvion, ramdenad kargad aris skola organizebuli Zala-yydobis aRmofxvrisa da masze reagirebisaTvis;

monacemebis swori interpretaciis safuZvelze, daadginon yyskolaSi arsebuli nebismieri saxis Zaladobis maxasiaTe-blebi;

Seqmnan samoqmedo gegma arsebuli mtkicebulebebis safuZ-yyvelze.

ras niSnavs skolis auditi?

skolebSi Zaladobis bolodroindelma kvlevebma ori iseTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxi gamoavlina, romelze muSaobac momaval mkvlevarebsa da specialistebs mouwevT. orive skolaSi au-ditis rols ukavSirdeba. pirveli sakiTxi iTvaliswinebs sko-laSi Zaladobis aRmofxvrisaken mimarTul RonisZiebaTa efeq-tianobis kvlevas da imis dadgenas, ra muSaobs da ra vera. meore sakiTxi ki iTvaliswinebs skolebisa da misi organizaciuli struqturis mniSvnelobisa da rolis gamokvlevas Zaladobis prevenciasa da aRmofxvraSi.

pirvel sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, Saferi da korni (2003) amboben: “uam ravi saintereso winadadeba, proeqti da programa arsebobs skolebSi Zaladobis aRmosafxvrelad, magram sanam aravin interes-deba maTi samecniero SefasebiT, nebismieri warmateba “saswaulia”.

am TavSi aRwerilia auditis pozitiuri mxareebi. auditis erT-erTi dadebiTi mxare is aris, rom igi samecniero Sefasebas moiTxovs. auditi gulisxmobs skolebSi arsebuli sirTulee-

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bis bunebisa da donis gazomvasa Tu kvlevas, am analizis safuZ-velze, samoqmedo gegmis Seqmnas da Semdeg samoqmedo gegmis ganxorcielebis monitorings. gamokveTili problemis gada-saWrelad mravalgzis gamoyenebul saSualebaTa monitoringi kargi dasawyisia samecniero SefasebisaTvis, romelic Seexeba skolaSi gatarebul zomebsa da kompleqsur garemos, sadac rTulia mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSiris danaxva.

garda amisa, Tu evropis qveynebSi auditi Catardeba daaxloe-biT msgavsi formatiT (adgilobrivi garemoebebis saTanado gaTvaliswinebiT), SevZlebT qveynebis gonivrul Sedarebas da problemis sinergiul gadaWras. amgvarad, auditiT ukve daiw-yeba Zaladobis meore aspeqtze muSaoba, romelsac smiti (2003) “farTomasStabian da mravaldonian” kvlevas uwodebs. Zala-dobis gazomva mravaldoniania, ramdenadac auditis procesSi skola ganixileba, rogorc organizacia, Temisa da mSoblebis gavlenis konteqstSi; rogorc organizacia, Tavisi eTosiT, politikiTa da principebiT, personaliTa da moswavleebiT da, zogadad, pirovnebebiT.

rac Seexeba am Tavis dasawyisSi Camoyalibebul me-2 punqts, eltonis angariSze dayrdnobiT (DFES, 1989), koui da sxv. (2003) askvnian: “skolebi Zalian mniSvnelovan rols TamaSo-ben moswavleTa Zaladobis msxverplad gaxdomis riskis Sem-cirebaSi. avtorebi kidev ufro ganavrcoben am Temas da ac-xa deben, rom: “Zaladoba ar gaxlavT socialur-ekonomikuri faqtorebiT gamowveuli socialuri gardauvaloba, xolo skolis organizaciulma mowyobam SeiZleba Tavad gaaRviZos Zaladoba.”

am Tavis konteqstSi, albaT, ufro mniSvnelovania is idea, rom skolam, rogorc dawesebulebam, SeiZleba Tavisi organizaci-uli mowyobiT xeli SeuSalos Zaladobis gamovlenas. am Tavis ZiriTadi arsi is aris, rom gonivrulad agebuli auditi saSu-alebas miscems skolebs, upasuxon kiTxvas: ramdenad kargad aris organizebuli skola Zaladobis prevenciis, minimumamde Semcirebisa da masze reagirebisaTvis?

ratom aris auditi aucilebeli?

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom adamiani arasdros aris imdenad kargi an imdenad cudi, rogori reputaciac aqvs. winamdebare Tavis konteqstSi es komentari ase gaiJRerebda: sakmarisi da sando monacemebis gareSe skolebi saTanadod ver Seafaseben Zalado-basTan dakavSirebul situacias an, piriqiT, zedmetad mZimed

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aRiqvamen arsebul mdgomareobas da ver gaatareben relevan-tur RonisZiebebs.

auditi aris procesi, romelic skolas aZlevs saSualebas, ukeT gaiazros mdgomareoba skolis cxovrebis romelime konkretul sferoSi. mas Semdeg, rac skola cxadad dainaxavs raime prob-lemis bunebas da/an simZimes, igi ukeT SeZlebs rogorc preven-ciuli, aseve mdgomareobis gamosasworebel RonisZiebaTa ga-tarebas. SeiZleba auditma aCvenos, rom araviTari problema ar arsebobs.

Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom arsebobs ori urTierTsawinaaR-mdego Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda gaizomos da raodenobrivad gamoixatos iseTi kompleqsuri maCvenebeli, rogoricaa adamianis qceva da misi konkretuli aspeqti – Zala-doba skolebSi, romelic am saxelmZRvanelos Temaa.

pirveli Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad, Tu raimes gazomva SesaZlebe-lia, es niSnavs, rom misi marTvac SesaZlebelia. meore Tvalsaz-risi, romelsac xandaxan maknamaras princips eZaxian, acxadebs: roca skolis msgavsi organizacia cdilobs gazomos kompleq-suri sferos aspeqtebi, arsebobs safrTxe, rom gazomavs mxo-lod advilad sazom aspeqtebs da CaTvlis, rom umniSvneloa is, risi gazomvac rTulia. aqedan gamomdinare, miRebuli mo-nacemebi, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, arasruli iqneba, xolo uares SemTxvevaSi - araswori da SecdomaSi Semyvani.

Tu auditis mizania skolebSi Zaladobis kompleqsuri sakiTxis gazomva, maSin ufro pirvel Tvalsazriss unda daveTanxmoT, amasTan, unda gaviTvaliswinoT droSi SezRuduloba da kvle-vis meTodologia im TvalsazrisiT, Tu risi gazomvaa SesaZle-beli. aqedan gamomdinare, realuri da gamosadegi auditi, al-baT, sadRac am or Sexedulebas Soris unda veZioT – igulis-xmeba auditi, romelic miznad isaxavs arsebuli Tu potenciuri problemis Sinaarsisa da bunebis cxadad gaazrebas, romelic upasuxebs kiTxvebs: ra moxda an ra SeiZleba moxdes, sad da vis SeiZleba mouvides da ra Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves. aseT SemT-xvevaSi gamoiricxeba Sesaswavli sferos zedmetad gamartive-bis safrTxec da auditi arc imdenad rTuli gamoCndeba, rom SeuZleblad CaTvalon misi Catareba da, aqedan gamomdinare, Sesabamisi zomebis miReba.

Tavi 2 - gavigoT meti

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auditis maxasiaTebeli niSnebi

efeqtian audits unda axasiaTebdes Semdegi niSnebi:

auditis Catarebis Sedegad unda miviRoT farTo, yovlis-yymomcveli da detaluri informacia skolebSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb;

auditis procesSi monacemebi unda Segrovdes ramodenime yywyarodan, sxvadasxva gziT da saSualebiT, xolo sadac es SesaZlebelia, sasargeblo iqneba am monacemebis triangu-lacia;

auditi praqtikulad Sesrulebadi unda iyos, rac imas niS-yynavs, rom sirTulis gamo skolebma misi Catareba Seusrule-bel amocanad ar unda dasaxon;

auditis Sedegebi xelmisawvdomi unda iyos da warmodgeni-yyli advilad gasagebi formiT;

auditis Sedegebi unda iqces maRali xarisxis samoqmedo yygegmebis safuZvlad;

auditis ama Tu im aspeqtis regularuli gameoreba, rogorc yymonitoringis formis, saSualebas mogvcems, advilad gan-vsazRvroT, ramdenad efeqtiania samoqmedo gegma.

savarjiSo 2.1: zusti daskvnebis gakeTeba

Tu ukve ganaxorcieleT I Tavis 1.2 da 1.3 savarjiSoebiT gaTva-liswinebuli RonisZiebebi, Semdegi savarjiSos dawyebamde, al-baT, sasargeblo iqneba maTi Sedegebis Seswavla.

kolegebis jgufSi, TiToeulma individualurad SeafaseT Tqveni skola Zaladobis Semdegi saxeebis TvalsazrisiT, Se-fasebis skalis mixedviT, sadac 1 = saerTod ar aris problema, xolo 10 = Zlieri problemaa.

Zaladobis sfero reitingi 1-10

moswavleebis mxridan maswavleblebze fizikuri Tavdasxma

moswavleebis mxridan sxva moswavleebze fizikuri Tavdasxma

moswavleTa Soris yoCoba da daSineba

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sityvieri agresia maswavleblebis mxridan moswavleebis mimarT

sityvieri agresia moswavleebis mxridan maswavleblebis mimarT

sityvieri agresia moswavleebs Soris

SeadareT erTmaneTs am samuSao jgufis TiToeuli wevris pa-suxebi.

ramdenad msgavsi iyo Tqveni Sefasebebi?yy

TiToeulma Tqvenganma romeli standartebis mixedviT mi-yyaniWeT qulebi?

rogor gamoitaneT daskvna?yy

ramdenad darwmunebuli xarT Tqveni daskvnis sisworeSi?yy

ramdenad Tavdajerebulad gauziarebdiT am daskvnebs yysxvebs?

ratom aris SesaZlebeli am sferoSi aseTi cxadi daskvnis yygamotana?

skola, rogorc organizacia

skola kompleqsuri da rTuli organizaciaa, radgan igi ram-denime funqcias asrulebs. upirveles yovlisa, rasakvirvelia, unda aRiniSnos skolis akademiuri da saganmanaTleblo fun-qcia, magram, garda amisa, skolebisagan socializaciis fun-qciis Sesrulebasac moelian. skolebs moeTxovebaT, rom daam-yaron balansi TanamSromlobasa da konkurencias Soris, Mmxari dauWiros gamowvevebsa da individualur miRwevebs. akademi-uri miRwevebis stimulirebis garda, skolam unda daakmayofi-los moswavleTa bevri sxva saWiroeba, dawyebuli kompleqsuri socialuri da emociuri saWiroebebidan, damTavrebuli siT-bosa da TavSesafris miRebis elementaruli moTxovnilebiT. faqtobrivad, skolebs ekisrebaT pasuxismgebloba, rom daak-mayofilon maslous “moTxovnilebaTa piramidis” yvela safe-xuri, dawyebuli safuZvlidan – codnis miRebis, kvlevisa da gaazrebis moTxovnileba, damTavrebuli ierarqiis mwvervaliT – TviTrealizaciis moTxovnileba. sakiTxi kidev ufro rom ga-varTuloT, unda aRvniSnoT, rom adamianebi maslous piramida-Si gamoyenebul terminebs erTmaneTisagan Zalian gansxvavebul interpretacias uZebnian. gansxvavebebi iarsebebs jgufebs So-


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ris – personalsa da moswavleebs Soris; damxmare personalsa da maswavleblebs Soris; zeda rgolis menejerebsa da Sua rgo-lis menejerebs Soris; garda amisa, Tavad am jgufebSi ueWvelad iqneba didi gansxvaveba gamocdilebebsa da midgomebs Soris.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saskolo auditi, romelmac unda Seafasos skolis organizaciuli mowyobis efeqtianoba bavSvis yvela moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis TvalsazrisiT, xolo Cvens konkretul SemTxvevaSi, Zaladobis prevenciis, Semcirebis da masze adekvaturi reagirebis TvalsazrisiT, ufro sasargeblo iqneba, Tuki daefuZneba kargi organizaciis mkafiod gamokveTil da Tanamimdevrul models. es iseTi mod-elia, romelic iTvaliswinebs zemoT aRniSnul kompleqsuroba-sa da sirTules, magram am sirTules gadaulaxav barierad ar aqcevs. maTTvis, visac skolis auditis dagegmva da ganxor-cieleba ekisreba, SesaZloa, yvelaze did sirTuled iqces iseT modelze SeTanxmeba, romelic moswavleebis yvela saWiroebas iTvaliswinebs anu im karkasis Seqmna, romelzec Semdeg auditis detalebi “daideba”.

A saSualo skolis modeli Zaladobis prevenciisa da aRmosafxvrelad

Semdeg gverdze warmodgenilia kargad organizebuli saSua-lo skolis modeli. es aris “zedapiruli modeli, romelic efeqtiania Zaladobis prevenciisa da aRmosafxvrelad”. es mo-deli moyvanilia imis magaliTad, Tu rogor unda aigos auditi struqturulad da skolis funqcionirebis romeli aspeqtebi unda Semowmdes.

saSualo skolebi xSirad ufro kompleqsuri organizaciuli mowyobiT xasiaTdebian, vidre dawyebiTi skolebi, Tumca, mo-deli msgavsi principebis safuZvelze unda Seiqmnas, rac imas niSnavs, rom es Tavi dawyebiTi skolebisTvisac uaRresad sasargeblo iqneba.

am modelSi gamoiyofa sami ZiriTadi done:

rigi 1: skolis saerTo done;yy

rigi 2: jgufis done;yy

rigebi 3, 4, 5: individualuri doneebi.yy

TiToeuli es done moicavs oTx ZiriTad komponents, romlebic maTi sayrdenia. es komponentebi oTx svetad aris mocemuli:

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komunikacia;yy

motivacia;yy

koreqcia;yy

organizacia.yy

es modeli iTvaliswinebs TiToeuli aspeqtis regularul mo-nitoringsa da ganxilvas da miRebuli monacemebis gamoyenebas problemebis gadasaWrelad, swor informaciaze dafuZnebuli RonisZiebebis meSveobiT (rogorc es #6 vertikalur CarCoSia mocemuli).

erTi SexedviT, es modeli organizaciuli TvalsazrisiT, sak-maod rTuli Cans, sinamdvileSi ki saSualebas gvaZlevs, davsvaT ramodenime absoluturad pirdapiri SekiTxva skolis muSaobis efeqtianobis Sesaxeb. swored am modelSi warmodgenili kiT-xvebi qmnis saskolo auditis safuZvels. magaliTad:

ician moswavleebma da skolis personalma, rogor unda yymoiqcnen?

Setyobineba am molodinebis Sesaxeb aris Tu ara gasagebi da yyefeqtiani yvela doneze?

skolis personals da moswavleebs aqvT Tu ara sakmarisi mo-yytivacia da mxardaWera Zaladobis aRmofxvrisa da konviven-siis xelSewyobisaTvis?

swordeba Tu ara maTi Secdomebi da araswori qce va efeq-yytianad da Rirsebis SenarCunebiT? aris Tu ara skola da misi yvela aspeqti, magaliTad, sa klaso oTaxebi, imgvarad orga-nizebuli, rom xeli Seewyos Zaladobis aRmofxvrasa da kon-vivensiis garemos Seqmnas?

awarmoebs Tu ara skola monitorings masze, rac xdeba da yyreagirebs Tu ara miRebul informaciaze?


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1. skolis saerTo principebi da politika araZalado-basTan mimar-TebiT

a. princi-pebisa da faseulobaTa gaziareba;araZalado-bis politika mTeli sko-lis poli-tikaa, xolo misaRebi qcevis mode-lebi skolaSi yvelasaTvis aris gasagebi

b. skolaSi danergilia ukukavSirisa da waxalise-bis politika da sistemebi (verbaluri, vizualuri, werilobiTi).warmatebis aRiareba da dafaseba

g. reagirebi-sa da Carevis politika da sistemebi iT-valiswinebs verbalur koreqcias, sanqciebis gatarebasa da Sedegebis miRebas

d. politi-kis, socia-luri da emociuri ganviTare-bis kuriku-lumis Semu-Saveba;gansa-kuTrebul saWiroe-baTa dakmay-ofileba;xelmZR-vanelo-bis (lidero-bis) stru-qtura da a.S.

5. moswavleTa mxardaWeris sistemebi

mxardaW-era klasis maswav-leblis an klasis xelmZR-vanelis mxridan;

ward-gena zeda rgolis person-alis winaSe

maswav-lebel-TaTvis saWiroe-baTa wardgena

skolaSi arsebuli mxardam-Weri per-sonalis winaSe ward-gineba

spe-cialur kursebze gagzavna

adgi-lobriv specia-listTan gagzavna, magali-Tad, fsiqo-logTan;

skolis gareT dawese-bule-bebSi gagzavna

3. skolis personalis mxardaWeris sistemebi;

yvela zemoT aRniSnul sferos safuZvlad udevs da aZlierebs skolis personalis mxardaWeris sistemebi da treningi;skolis xelmZRvanelobis mxridan mentoroba da rCevebi

2. saklaso oTaxis da/an departamen-tis praqtika. konkretuli klasisa da konkretuli wlis jgufe-bis praqtika;

a) wesebi da molodinebi.moswavleTa da personalis urTierTobani. rCevebis miRe-bis SesaZle-bloba. konkre-tuli klasisa da wlis jgu-fis daswrebis maCveneblebi.

b) swavlebis waxaliseba.regularuli dajildoeba (verbaluri, araverbal-uri, werilo-biTi);warmatebis aRiareba da dafaseba

g) saklaso oTaxis/ de-partamentis sakoreqcio sistemebi. klasisa da konkretuli wlis jfu-fisaTvis rea-girebisa da mxardaWeris strategiebi;

d) rutinamxardaWeris sistemebi;saklaso oTax-is garemo, mag. “cxeli wertilebi”;gakveTilis dagegmva da gakveTilebis cxrilis Sed-gena; a.S.

4. moswav-leTa indi-vidualuri strategiebi

a. ganaTlebis individualuri gegmebisa da miznebis SeT-anxmeba moswav-leebTan, sko-lis personalsa da ojaxTan;

b. motivaciis diferencire-buli strat-egiebi: saWiroe-baTa aRiareba, dajildoeba da Seqeba;

g. diferencire-buli koreqcia da Sedegad mi-Rebuli stra-tegiebi da pro-gramebi, mag. si-brazis marTva;

d. diferencire-buli muSaoba, socialuri da emociuri un-arebis swavleba; saWiroebaTa mxardaWera da a.S.;

komunikacia motivacia koreqcia organizacia

6. monit

or

ingi, S

efaseba d

a ganxo

rc

ieleba

yvela am d

onez

e (ix. Tavi 3)

diagrama: kargad organizebuli skolis modeli

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savarjiSo 2.2: kargad organizebuli skolis modelis ganxilva

qvemoT mocemul SekiTxvebze pasuxis gacema dagexmarebaT ze-moT mocemuli modelis gaazrebaSi.

ramdenad kargad aRwers es modeli Tqveni skolis orga-yynizaciul mowyobas?

Tqveni skolis organizaciul mowyobaSi xom ar aris iseTi yyaspeqtebi, romlebic am modelSia gamorCenili?

am modelSi xom ar aris romelime iseTi aspeqti, romelic yyTqvens skolaSia gamorCenili?

ras geubnebaT es modeli skolis organizaciuli mowyobis yyim sferoebis Sesaxeb, romelTa auditic aucilebelia imis gasarkvevad, ramdenad efeqtiani arian isini Zaladobis aR-mofxvrisa da konvivensiis damkvidrebaSi.

auditis faseulobani

maTTvis, vinc auditis Seqmnas nulidan iwyebs, alternatiuli sawyisi wertili an damatebiTi perspeqtivaa im Rirebulebebze saubari, romlebic safuZvlad unda daedos audits an masSi aisaxos. verc erTi auditi, ramdenad obieqturi an samarTlia-nic unda iyos, ver iqneba Rirebulebebisagan Tavisufali. miuxe-davad imisa, rom nebismieri auditi, misi dagegmvis procesSi, cdilobs situaciis maqsimalurad obieqturi suraTi daxatos, auditis struqtura mainc im sferoebs daefuZneba, romlebic mniSvnelovania misi Semqmnelis TvalsazrisiT. sasargeblo iqneba, Tuki auditis Semqmnelebi, sakuTari Tavisa da auditSi monawile sxva pirebis winaSec mkafiod gamokveTen, ra Rireb-ulebebi daudes audits safuZvlad. pirvel da mesame TavebSi mocemulia sasargeblo ideebi im Rirebulebebis Sesaxeb, rom-lebic safuZvlad udevs konvivensiis garemos mqone skolebis funqcionirebas.

auditis Sesaqmnelad momzadebisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba Sem-degi savarjiSos ganxorcieleba.

savarjiSo 2.3: im Rirebulebebis gamokveTa, romlebic audits udevs safuZvlad

ramdenime wuTiT warmoidgineT iseTi skola, sadac konviven-siis garemoa.

Tvalebi rom dagexuWaT, ras warmoidgendiT?yy


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aseT skolaSi ras gaakeTebdnen skolaSi myofi adamianebi – yyrogor daelaparakebodnen erTmaneTs da iurTierTebdnen?

rogor unda yofiliyo skola organizaciulad mowyobili yyiseT ZiriTad sferoebSi, rogorebicaa kurikulumi, mxar-daWeris sistemebi da sivrce – skolis Senobis SigniT da ga-reT?

miRebuli suraTis detalebidan SeecadeT amoarCioT ZiriTadi sityvebi da frazebi, romlebsac gamoiyenebT auditis proces-Si, aseve im Rirebulebebis asaRwerad, audits rom daedeba sa-fuZvlad.

qvemoT mocemulia auditis struqturis Seqmnis magaliTi. am konkretuli auditis ZiriTadi Rirebulebani dakavSirebulia kargad organizebuli skolis zemoT moyvanil modelTan. Se-sabamisad, igivea sayuradRebo sferoebi. am auditis Seqmnas sa-fuZvlad udevs iseTi Rirebulebebi, romlebic miznad isaxaven konvivensiis garemos Seqmnas Semdegi saSualebebiT:

sicxade;yy

harmoniuloba;yy

kargi organizaciuli mowyoba;yy

prevencia da reagireba;yy

yvelas mxardaWera;yy

unarebiT aRWurva da miRwevebi.yy

am Rirebulebebidan skolam, SesaZloa, moisurvos Semdegi sfe-roebis auditis Catareba:

skolis eTosi, rogorc es skolis misiis ganacxadsa da weri-yylobiT Camoyalibebul politikaSia gansazRvruli. aris Tu ara am dokumentebis teqsti iseTi toniT gamsWvaluli, romelic Seesabameba skolaSi Zaladobrivi qmedebis pre-venciisa da minimumamde Semcirebis mizans?

dawerili politikis gavlena skolis personalisa da mos-yywavleTa qcevaze/urTierTobebze saklaso oTaxebSi, kori-dorebSi, saTamaSo moednebsa da a.S. ramdenad informaciu-lia es dokumentebi da ra gavlenas axdens skolis yovel-dRiur cxovrebaze?

Zaladobis aRmofxvris organizacia. cxadi da dabalansebu-yyli sistema exmareba Tu ara skolis personals, rom miaRwion am dokumentebSi aRwerili qcevis dones?

yoCoba. skolaSi danergilia Tu ara iseTi sistema, rom yoCo-yybis an yoCobis safrTxis SemTxvevaSi daexmaron msxver plsac da yoCsac ufro pozitiuri qcevis gamomuSavebaSi?

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monitoringi da Sefaseba. uwevs Tu ara skola regularul yymonitorings organizaciul faqtorebs, rogorebicaa: kuri-kulumi; mSoblis/meurvis da Temis gavlena; ganxorcielebis ganrigi; zedamxedvelobis done skolis Senobebis gareT; garda amisa, atarebs Tu ara skola Sesabamis RonisZiebebs imi saTvis, rom Secvalos uaryofiTi efeqtis mqone faqtore-bi an gaaZlieros dadebiTi Sedegis momtani faqtorebi?

monacemebi. rodesac skola cdilobs, gaxdes kargad organi-yyzebuli, agrovebs Tu ara Sesabamis monacemebs da upasuxebs Tu ara maT? amis erT-erTi maCvenebeli iqneba yovelwliuri auditi, aseve, SerCeuli sferoebis regularuli monito-ringi.

auditis monacemebis sxvadasxva tipebi

romelime konkretuli sferos Sesafaseblad auditis Catare-bisas, Zalian mniSvnelovania im monacemTa sworad SerCeva, rom-lebic unda Segrovdnen am sferos dasaxasiaTeblad. monacemebi SeiZleba or aspeqtad gaiyos – raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi monacemebi.

raodenobrivi monacemebi ewodeba im monacemebs, romelTa ricxvobrivad gamosaxva an daTvla SedarebiT martivia. es Sei-Zleba iyos skolidan garicxvis sixSire, muqarisa da Zaladobis SemTxvevebis raodenoba, skolaSi daswrebis done, akademiuri moswreba da a.S.

xarisxobrivia monacemebi, romlebic grovdeba adamianebis az-risa da gamocdilebis gamokiTxvis Sedegad. xarisxobriv mo-nacemTa raodenobrivi gamosaxva SesaZlebelia maSin, Tu kiT-xvarebs, interviuebs an kvlevis sxva formebs erTvis ricxo-brivi skala.

auditis ganxorcielebisas monacemTa Segrovebis orive meTo-di gamoiyeneba. rogorc smiti (2003) aRniSnavs, saWiroa iseTi kvlevis Catareba, romelSic kombinirebuli iqneba raodeno-brivi “pre” da “post” Sefasebebi da amas daemateba xarisxobrivi maCveneblebi, rac “saSualebas mogvcemda, gagveazrebina Zala-dobis realuri arsi, rogorc amas Zaladobis aqtis sxvadasxva monawile aRiqvams”.

auditis adamianuri mxare

sanam Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvaze gadavidodeT, mniSvnelova-nia visaubroT auditis Catarebis e.w. “adamianur mxareze”. sko-laSi auditis Catarebam, SesaZloa, am skolaze mniSvnelovani


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gavlena moaxdinos. arsebiTia, rom auditis stilma da struq-turam asaxos auditis mizani da igi pozitiur gamocdile-bad iqces skolis TiToeuli wevrisaTvis. auditis mizania, gamokveTos skolis Zlieri mxareebi da is sferoebi, romelTa Semdgomi gaumjobesebac SesaZlebelia. Sedegad, stimuli misces skolas, gamoasworos arsebuli xarvezebi da gaaumjobe-sos mdgomareoba.

gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania skolis Zlieri mxareebis aRiareba. auditSi am elementis CarTvis gareSe adamianebi ver gaiTviTcnobiereben TavianT warmatebas da warmatebiT gamowveul sixaruls. Sesabamisad, SeumcirdebaT Semdgomi gaum-jobesebis stimuli da motivacia. Tumca, unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom warmatebuli muSaobis aRiarebisa da saTanadod da-fasebis SemTxvevaSic, auditi imdenad detalur da skrupulo-zur Semowmebas gulismobs, rom skolis TanamSromelTa nawilma is, SesaZloa, safrTxed da stresad aRiqvas, gansakuTrebiT, Tu SeSindebian, raime brali ar dasdon maT, radgan Zaladoba maTi pasuxismgeblobis sferoSi moxda. aqedan gamomdinare, Zalian mniSvnelovania rom maT, vinc audits atarebs, muSaobis dawye-bamde seriozuli yuradReba miaqcion skolaSi saukeTeso emo-ciuri garemos Seqmnas.

Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom skolis personals, moswavleebs, mSoblebsa da procesSi CarTuli sazogadoebis wevrebs cxa-dad ganemartoT, rom auditis mizani pozitiuria da sulac ar gulisxmobs vinmes braleulobis garkvevas an dadanaSaulebas. auditis procesSi gansakuTrebiT dafasdeba gulwrfeloba da gaxsniloba, yuradReba gamaxvildeba Zaladobis aRmofxvris sferoSi miRweul warmatebebze. am gzavnilis gacxadeba Sesa-Zlebelia moswavleTa krebebze an gakveTilebis dros, maswav-lebelTa krebebze, departamentis krebebsa da araoficialuri diskusiebis drosac. mSobelTa informirebisaTvis SeiZleba erTgvari sainformacio furclis gamoyenebac, garda amisa, SeiZleba krebebze sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebis mowvevac.

auditis Catarebaze TanamSromelTa reaqcia damokidebulia imazec, Tu ra dros waarTmevs auditi maT. skolaSi bevri samu-Saoa da maswavleblebs SeiZleba Txovon kiTxvarebis an sxva formebis Sevseba. TanamSromlebsa da moswavleebs kiTxvarebis Sevsebis garda arc araferi unda Txovnon. SeiZleba daeswron ramdenime gakveTilsac. zogierTi TanamSromlisaTvis es, SesaZloa, auditis yvelaze stresul momentad iqces. amitom aucilebelia audi tis obieqtebis frTxilad SerCeva da maT-Tvis imis ganmarteba, rom dakvirvebis Sedegebs individebTan dasapirispireblad rodi gamoiyeneben, aramed Sesajameblad

45

da, zogadad, situaciis Sesafaseblad. auditis es nawili nak-lebad stresuli aRmoCndeba im TanamSromelTaTvis, romelTac aqvT gakveTilze daswrebis ukve danergili procedura.

yovelive zemoTqmulis garda, aRsaniSnavia isic, rom adami-anebi metad moisurveben auditis procesSi monawileobas, Tu isini sawyis etapzeve CaerTvebian, anu maSin, roca Tanxmdebian auditis mizansa da procesze da gaiazreben auditis sargebels yvelasaTvis skolaSi.

savarjiSo 2.4: adamianebis momzadeba auditisaTvis

auditis momzadebis dawyebamde, skolam aucielblad unda upa-suxos Semdeg kiTxvebs:

Tqveni azriT, rogori reaqcia eqneba skolis personals, mo-yyswavleebsa da mSoblebs auditis Catarebaze?

ra iqneba maTi umTavresi SeSfoTebis mizezi da rogor Sei-yyZleba maTi gadaWra?

am TavSi aqamde mocemuli rCevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogor unda moviqceT, rom auditis Catarebas mxari dauWiros:

skolis zeda rgolis personalma?yy

saerTod skolis personalma (iqneb saWiroa personalis qve-yyjgufebad dayofa, magaliTad, maswavleblebis jgufi, dam-xmare personali da ase Semdeg)?

moswavleebma?yy

mSoblebma?yy

skoliT dainteresebuli farTo sazogadoebis wevrebma?yy

risi auditi unda Catardes da vin unda miiRos monawileoba?

nebismieri auditis mizania drois mocemuli momentisaTvis skolaSi arsebuli situaciis maqsimalurad zusti suraTis da-naxva. am midgomas xandaxan situaciis stop-kadrs uwodeben. es imas niSnavs, rom auditis dros, xanmokle vadaSi (da ara droSi gawelilad), rogorc wesi, erT kviraSi, agroveben da Seiswav-lian monacemTa yvela wyaros. absoluturad SesaZlebelia (da xandaxan gonivrulic) monacemTa Segroveba drois ufro xan-grZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi, magram es amcirebs SesaZle-blobas, auditis procesSi erTmaneTs Seudardes sxvadasxva wy-arodan miRebuli informacia da monacemebi. auditis es mode-li iTvaliswinebs drois erTsa da imave monakveTSi sxvadasxva wyarodan miRebul monacemTa urTierTSedarebas.


46


skolebisaTvis yovelTvis problemaa drois gamonaxva auditis Casatareblad. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba aucilebeli gaxdes kargad organizebuli skolis modelidan ramodenime sferos amorCeva da mxolod maTi auditi. Tu droSi SezRudulebi varT, bevrad ukeTesi iqneba skolis organizaciul mowyobaSi ramode-nime sferos SerCeva da sruli auditi, vidre Sesagrovebel mo-nacemTa da auditSi CarTul adamianTa raodenobis Semcireba.

monacemebis Segroveba unda moxdes oTxi ZiriTadi wyarodan:

im werilobiTi dokumentebis Seswavla, romlebic skolebSi yy(am SemTxvevaSi) Zaladobis prevenciasa da Zaladobaze efeq-tian reagirebas Seexeba;

sxvadasxva situaciaze dakvirveba – saklaso oTaxebSi, kre-yybebze, koridorebSi, bufetebsa da socialuri TavSeyris adgilebSi, rogorebicaa, magaliTad, skolis ezo da saTa-maSo moednebi;

kiTxvarebis Sevseba da gasaubreba skolis yvela wevrTan – yymaswavleblebsa da damxmare personalTan, moswavleebTan, mSoblebTan/meurveebsa da skolis direqtorebTan;

skolasTan dakavSirebuli monacemebis Segroveba, iseT yysakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, rogorebicaa sityvieri da fizi-kuri Zaladoba, yoCoba da daSineba;

zemoT moyvanili siidan cxadia, rom Tvalsazrisis gaziareba unda vTxovoT skolaSi arsebuli yvela jgufis warmomadgenels. xandaxan saWiroa erTi da igive SekiTxvis dasma sxva dasxva jgu-fisaTvis, magaliTad, maswavleblebisa da moswavleebisaTvis, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes Sedareba. Sedarebis Sedegad unda gam-ovlindes mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi, romelTa gamokvlevac saWiroa zusti samoqmedo gegmebis Sesaqmnelad. garda im kiTx-varebisa, romlebic skolis yvela wevrma unda Seavsos, saWiroa specialuri kiTxvarebis gamoyenebac, romlebic mxolod calkeulma jgufebma unda Seavson anu maT, vinc konkretul rols asrulebs, an im bavSvebma Tu skolis sxva TanamSromlebma, romelTac skolis cxovrebis yoveldRiuri gamocdileba aqvT. maT Soris im moswavleebma, romlebic Zaladobis msxverplad gaxdomis riskis zRvarze dganan da maTma mxar damWerma perso-nalma. orive am jgufs sruliad gansakuTrebuli xedvis Semo-Tavazeba SeuZlia.

pirvel jgufSi Sevlen:

mmarTveli gundis warmomadgenlebi;yy

gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone bavSvebTan momuSave yypersonali;

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damxmare sistemis wevrebi, rogorebic arian wlis an klasis yyrepetitorTa xelmZRvanelebi

klasis maswavleblebi.yy

meore jgufSi Seva damxmare personali, magaliTad:

maswavlebelTa asistentebi;yy

sadilis organizatorebi da zedamxedvelebi;yy

moswavleebi, romlebmac, SesaZloa, daxmareba miiRon am ada-yymianebisagan (zrdasrulebisagan). es, SesaZloa, swored is bavSvebi iyvnen, romlebic marginalizaciis yvelaze maRali riskis qveS arian (rogorebicaa magaliTad gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis mqone moswavleebi, eTnikuri umciresobis war-momadgenlebi, mogzaurebi, TavSesafris maZiebelni da sxv.) da amis gamo, meti albaTobaa, gaxdnen Zaladobis msxver plni an moZaladeebi;

mSoblebi, romlebmac SeiZleba sakuTari Svilebisagan icod-yynen garkveuli problemebis arsebobis Sesaxeb.

savarjiSo 2.5: risi da visi auditi unda Catardes

qvemoT moyvanili nimuSis analogiuri cxrilis Seqmna da Sevse-ba, SesaZloa, daexmaros skolebs gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi, Tu risi da visi auditi unda Catardes. garda amisa, igi daexmareba maT, gansazRvron TiToeuli sferosa Tu jgufis auditis yve-laze Sesaferisi gza. Tundac organizaciuli mowyobis yvela sfero ar SeirCes, Sevsebuli cxrili dagvanaxebs, CarTulia Tu ara auditSi skolis yvela jgufi. am cxrilis SevsebiT daiwyeba imaze fiqric, rogor vTxovoT personalsa Tu moswavleebs sa-kuTari azris gamoxatva da ris Sesaxeb davusvaT maT kiTxvebi.

auditis fokusirebis sfero (magaliTebi)

auditis meTodi (magaliTebi)

visi an risi auditis Catarebaa saWiro (magaliTebi)

urTierTobebi moswavleebs Soris da

moswavleebsa da ufrosebs Soris

kiTxvari

dakvirveba

SemTxveviTad SerCeuli moswavleebi da skolis personali;

gakveTilebis 10% erT-kvirian periodSi;


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kurikulumis zegavlena moswavleTa TviTSefasebaze

da sxva da sxva

urTierTobebi skolasa da mSoblebs Soris

da sxva da sxva

da sxva da sxva da sxva

rogor CavataroT auditi – auditis Catarebis saSualebebi

mas Semdeg, rac gadawydeba saskolo cxovrebis romel aspeqtTa auditi Catardes, skolis romeli wevrebi gamoikiTxon da ris Sesaxeb, Semdegi etapia auditis saSualebebis momzadeba, rogo-rebicaa kiTxvarebi, gakveTilebze daswrebis, dakvirvebisa da interviuebis ganrigebi da a.S. SesaZlebelia iseT kiTxvarTa gamoyeneba, romlebic sxva miznebiT Seiqmna, magaliTad, im pro-fesionalTa samuSaod mowvevisaTvis, romlebic muSaoben Zala-dobisa da misdami damokidebulebis gazomvaze. Tumca, ukeTesi iqneba skolebma dro daxarjon da Tavad SeimuSaon iseTi kiT-xvarebi, romlebic kargad Seesabameba konkretul skolaSi ar-sebul situacias da miznad isaxavs imis Seswavlas, risi codnac, skola Tvlis, rom aucileblad sWirdeba. Tumca, imisaTvis, rom SesaZlebeli gaxdes sxvadasxva skolidan, Tundac, sxvadasxva regionidan da qveynidan miRebul monacemTa erTmaneTTan Se-dareba, kargi iqneboda am kiTxvarTa Sinaarsi met-naklebad msgav si iyos.

qvemoT moyvanili rCevebi Seexeba rogorc dakvirvebis gan-rigebs, aseve kiTxvarebs, magram magaliTad aRebulia im kiTxva-ris Seqmnis procesi, romelzec skolis personalma unda gasces pasuxi.

kiTxvarebis Seqmnis etapebi

etapi 1. ganixileT, romeli farTo sferoebi unda moicvas kiT-xvarma: urTierTobebis xarisxi moswavleebsa da skolis per-sonals Soris, Tavad moswavleTa Soris, TanamSromlebs Soris; maTi Tvalsazrisi Zaladobis tipebisa da doneebis Sesaxeb; ram-denad grZnoben isini mxardaWeras; rodis grZnoben Tavs yve-laze maRali da yvelaze dabali riskis qveS; ramdenad cxadad esmiT, Tu vis unda mimarTon mxardaWeris misaRebad da a.S.

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etapi 2. SeimuSaveT kiTxvebi SerCeuli sferos Sesaxeb xarisxi-ani informaciis misaRebad. sasargeblo iqneba sacdelad kiT-xvaris winaswari gamocda, raTa SekiTxvebma swored is informa-cia mogvces, romlis miRebac skolas realurad surs.

etapi 3. Cveulebriv, reitingis sistema aadvilebs analizis process, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca kiTxvarebi werilobiTi saxiT ganixileba. Tu ganzraxulia aseTi reitinguli sistema, maSin unda vizrunoT, rom SekiTxvebi moiTxovdes cxad pasu-xebs. magaliTad, “rogor fiqrobT yoCobis done ufro maRalia, Tu ufro dabali, vidre sami wlis win?”

aseT SekiTxvaze sapasuxod reitingis skalaze SeiZleba sami Se-saZ lo pasuxi davitanoT – ufro maRali, ufro dabali, TiTqmis igive. imisaTvis, rom davinaxoT skolis muSaobis efeqtianoba yvela im sferoSi, romlisTvisac auditi tardeba, rekomendebu-lia yvela raodenobrivi monacemi erTi da imave ricxvobrivi skaliT gamovsaxoT. imisaTvis, rom skolis efeqtianobis sura-Ti xuT baliani sistemiT SevafasoT, maTematikurad ufro advi-li iqneba kiTxvarSic xuT quliani skala gamoviyenoT. arsebobs mosazreba, rom reitingis skalaze asarCevi raodenoba ar unda iyos kenti, radgan aseT SemTxvevaSi adamianebi, rogorc wesi, SuaSi mgdom cifrs irCeven – am movlenas centrirebis efeqti ewodeba.

etapi 4. Tu kiTxebi pasuxad “ki” an “aras” nacvlad ganvrcobas moiTxovs, maSin reitingis skalis Semdeg aucilebelia carieli sivrcis datoveba, raTa respodentebs miniWebuli qulis Sesa-bamisi komentarebis gakeTebis saSualeba mieceT. amis alter-nativaa kiTxvaris boloSi ramdenime SekiTxvis dasma, romelic vrcel pasuxs moiTxovs. magaliTad: “Tqveni azriT, ra aris saWiro skolaSi situaciis gasaumjobeseblad?”, “romelia Tqve-ni organizaciis susti wertilebi?”. am SekiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxebi SeiZleba Zalian dagvexmaros moqmedebaTa dagegmvis procesSi, magram skola unda eridos amgvari xarisxobrivi mo-nacemebis mravlad dagrovebas, radgan maTi gaanalizeba Zalian did dros waiRebs.

etapi 5. SekiTxvebis Seqmnis procesSi sasurvelia imaze dafiqre-bac, Tu rogor gaanalizdeba SekiTxvebi. arsebobs oTxi ZiriTa-di varianti:

kiTxvarebi Seiqmnas ise, rom maTi Sevseba SesaZlebeli iyos yy“onlain” reJimSi specialuri kompiuteruli programis gamoyenebiT, romelic Sedegebs avtomaturad gaaanali-zebs;


50


yvela monacemi Caiweros amobeWdil formebSi da gaegzavnos yymonacemebis damuSavebis kompanias (Cveni gamocdilebiT, did britaneTSi es Zalian Zvirad Rirebuli siamovnebaa);

kiTxvarebi Seiqmnas optikuri niSnis wakiTxvis sistemis yygamoyenebiT, Tuki skolebs aseTi sistema gaaCniaT an masze advilad miuwvdebaT xeli;

monacemebi skolaSive gaanalizon. zogierT SemTxvevaSi yy(Tu monacemebi ar aris sensitiuri xasiaTis da, magaliTad, ar Seicavs moswavleTa anonimur pasuxebs), statistikuri analizis processa da grafikebis SeqmnaSi SesaZlebelia moswavleebis CarTvac – es CaiTvleba kurikulumis farg-lebSi maT mier gasakeTebeli samuSaos nawilad. moswavleTa monacemebis erTad Sekrebis alternatiuli variantia kiT-xvarebze pasuxis gacema gakveTilis naxevari drois ganmav-lobaSi (magaliTad, moqalaqeobis gakveTilze) da qulebis miniWeba TiToeul SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacemisTanave.

zemoT ganxilulia mxolod erT-erTi magaliTi, Tu rogor unda SeimuSaon auditis Catarebis saSualebebi. msgavsi sifrTxile da yuradRebaa saWiro yvela saSualebis SesamuSaveblad. im ada-mianebma, romlebmac auditis am aspeqtze unda imuSaon, aucile-blad unda gaiTvaliswinon Semdegi:

sinamdvileSi risi gageba gvainteresebs?yy

es SekiTxva am formiT mogvcems Tu ara imas, risi gagebac yygvsurs? aris Tu ara es SekiTxva cxadad Camoyalibebuli?

xom ar mogvitans es SekiTxva bundovan Sedegebs?yy

ramdenad advili iqneba miRebuli monacemebis gaanalizeba?yy

skolebSi auditis Catarebisas, SeiZleba aucilebeli ar iyos interviuebis ganrigis winaswar momzadeba, radgan kiTxvare-bis Sedegebi an dakvirvebis monacemebi SeiZleba diskusiis sag nad iqces nebismieri interviusTvis. kiTxvarebidan da dak-virvebebidan miRebuli Sedegebi, gamovlenili tendenciebi an gaurkveveli sakiTxebi, agreTve sakiTxebi saerTo interesis sferoSi ufro detalurad intervius procesSi ganixileba.

savarjiSo 2.6: kiTxvarebis SemuSaveba da dakvirveba

kiTxvarebi da dakvirvebebi nebismieri auditis mniSvnelovani nawilia. sasargeblo iqneba winaswar ganixiloT, ra SekiTxvebis dasma gsurT skolaSi myofi adamianebisaTvis da rogor dau-kavSirebT maT erTmaneTs. erTi da imave SekiTxvebis sxvadasxva jgufisaTvis dasma an sxvadasxva meTodis gamoyeneba saSualebas

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mogvcems, erTmaneTs jvaredinad davukavSiroT auditis Sede-gad miRebuli monacemebi. Sedegad, miviRebT triangularul monacemebs rac maT sandoobas Sematebs.

zemoT mocemuli rekomendaciis safuZvelze, jgufma SeiZleba moamzados kiTxvari 2.4 savarjiSoSi miTiTebul sferoSi auditis Casatareblad da Semdeg gamocados igi. Tuki am aqtivobas ramde-nime skola erTad ganaxorcielebs da erTad SeimuSaveben audi-tis Casatarebel saSualebebs, maSin yvelaze xangrZliv pozitiur Sedegebsa da SedarebisaTvis saWiro rezultatebs miiReben.

werilobiTi dokumentaciis gadasinjva

rogorc am TavSi ukve vaxseneT, werilobiTi dokumentebis formebis Semowmeba auditis mniSvnelovani aspeqtia. audi-tis Catarebisas dokumentebis Semowmebas is damatebiTi mniS-vnelobac aqvs, rom yvela dokuments praqtikulad gamoiyeneben da daviwyebas ar miecema. auditis procesSi unda gamoikveTos nebismieri dokumenti, romelic skolaze mcire an aranair ze-gavlenas ar axdens, imis gamo, rom ar aumoqmedebiaT.

magaliTad: rodesac vatarebT iseTi sferos audits, rogoric aris “konvivensiis garemo skolaSi, rogorc es gacxadebulia miznebsa da werilobiT politikaSi”, mniSvnelovani iqneba Sem-degi SekiTxvebis dasma:

aqvs Tu ara skolas sakmarisi dokumentacia iseT mniSvnelo-yyvan sakiTxze, rogoricaa Zaladobis aRmofxvris politika da praqtika?

es dokumentacia asaxavs Tu ara skolis umTavres Rirebule-yybebsa da principebs da xels uwyobs konvivensias?

efuZneba Tu ara am sferoSi arsebuli politikis yvela do-yykumenti imave principebsa da Rirebulebebs – aris Tu ara igi Tanmimdevruli?

aZlevs Tu ara es dokumentebi skolaSi myof yvela adami-yyans saTanado axsna-ganmartebas da swor mimarTulebas? si-tyva “saTanado” am konteqstSi niSnavs, rom dokumenti unda awesebdes garkveul standartebs, magram ar iyos direqtiu-li – zedmetma detalizaciam, SesaZloa, gazardos dokumen-tze damokidebuleba da CaaxSos individualoba.

monawileobdnen Tu ara am dokumentebis momzadebaSi sko-yylis yvela jgufis warmomadgenlebi da ufro farTo sazoga-doeba? (skolis personali, moswavleebi, mSoblebi, skolis direqtorebi da a.S.).


52


aris Tu ara dokumentSi mocemuli mimarTulebebi saTana-yydod detalizebuli da arabundovani iq, sadac saWiroa?

es dokumentebi axdenen Tu ara realur zegavlenas masze, yyrac skolaSi da skolis garSemo yoveldRiurad xdeba?

dokumentebi regularulad gadaisinjeba da ganaxldeba?yy

xorcieldeba Tu ara monitoringi ama Tu im RonisZiebis yygamoyenebasa da mis zegavlenaze?

monacemTa analizi da monitoringi

garkveuli TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTeli auditis procesi monacemebis analizTan aris dakavSirebuli. Tumca, gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa is, Tu rogor agrovebs skola Zaladobis aRmofxvrasTan pirdapir dakavSirebul monacemebs da rogor reagirebs maTze. swored amas ewodeba monitoringi. monacemebis ramdenime SesaZlo wyaro arsebobs, magaliTad: skolidan garicxvis SemTxvevebi (aseT SemTxvevaTa ricxvi Sei-Zleba Zalian dabali iyos imisaTvis, rom arsebuli viTarebis zusti suraTi mogvces); monacemebi qceviTi incidentebis Sesa-xeb (ix. qvemoT mocemuli magaliTi); monacemebi policiis mier dakavebis Sesaxeb; incidentebi, romelTa Sesaxebac informacia moswavleebidan Semovida; damatebiTi saWiroebebis mqone mos-wavleTa progresi da a.S.

monitoringis monacemebis gaanalizebis Sedegad, SesaZlebe-lia arsebuli problemebis zusti suraTis danaxva, sad, rodis, da vis mier iqmneba es problemebi. monitoringis monacemebis regu laruli analizi, romelic, albaT, kviraSi erTxel mainc unda Catardes, skolas saSualebas miscems, gamoavlinos nebis-mieri cvlileba moswavleTa qcevaSi da miiRos adreuli, iqneb, profilaqtikuric, zomebi.

magaliTi: incidentis aRricxvis baraTi

moswavlis saxeli da gvari:

romeli wlis nakadSia da romel klasSi:

TariRi:

visgan Semovida momarTva

negatiuri incidentis aRwera

pozitiuri incidentis aRwera

sagnis maswavlebeli

Tavdasxma skolis personalze

daexmara personals konfliqtis gadaWraSi

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klasis damrigebeli

Tavdasxma moswavleze

daexmara moswavles konfliqtis gadaWraSi

sxva personali (daasaxeleT)

verbaluri damuqreba (bulingi)

moaxsena incidentis Sesaxeb

adgilmdebareoba – saklaso oTaxi

qonebis dazianeba daexmara im moswavles, romelsac emuqrebodnen

adgilmdebareoba – saklaso oTaxis gareT

sakuTar qcevaze kontrolis dakargva

gaaumjobesa garemo

dro saSiSi / safrTxis Semcveli qceva

gamoavlina TanagrZnoba

incidentis aRwera

zemoT mocemuli magaliTi, agreTve informaciis Cawera nega-tiuri incidentebis Sesaxeb SesaZleblobas aZlevs skolas, rom pozitiuri incidentebis Sesaxebac Caiweros monacemebi. es meTodi Zalian kargi saSualebaa skolaSi sasurveli da mo-sawoni qcevis formebis gamosakveTad da wasaxaliseblad. am monacemTa gamoyeneba isevea SesaZlebeli, rogorc negatiuri monacemebis – maTi saSualebiT ganisazRvreba, sad da vin iqceva pozitiurad, skolis TanamSromelTagan vin uwyobs xels kargi qcevis waxalisebasa da Camoyalibebas, rogor reagireben karg qcevaze?

auditis sqemis Seqmna

kargad organizebuli skolis modelSi (ix. diagrama 22-e gverdze), SemoTavazebulia, rom skolaSi Zaladobis analizi Catardes 6 ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT, romlebic skolis orga-nizaciul mowyobas ukavSirdeba. erT-erTi aseTi mimarTule-baa “skolis saerTo principebi da politika ara-ZaladobasTan mimarTebiT.” 32-e gverdze moyvanilia magaliTi, aRniSnuli mi-marTulebis farglebSi, rogor unda Catardes dokumentaciis auditi, raTa Sefasdes “konvivensiis garemo skolaSi, rogorc es gacxadebulia miznebsa da werilobiT politikaSi”.


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is cxra SekiTxva, romlebic am sferos auditis Casatareblad magaliTis saxiT aris moyvanili, migvaniSnebs, rom mimarTule-ba SeiZleba moicavdes qvemimarTulebebs. TiToeuli qvemi-marTuleba iZleva Sefasebis SesaZleblobas, 5-baliani skaliT. am monacemTa gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia auditis sqemis Sesaqmne-lad, rogorc qvemoT moyvanil magaliTSia. es grafikuli gamosaxuleba saSualebas gvaZlevs, martivad ganvsazRvroT Zlieri mxareebic da sustic, romlebic yuradRebis miqcevas saWiroeben.

am diagramis masStabi unda asaxavdes imas, Tu ramdenad gjeraT monacemebis. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu monacemebi Zalian farTo da triangulirebulia, maSin ufro zusti analizis Catarebaa Se-saZlebeli. gansxvaveba, SesaZloa, mniSvnelovani iyos 0.5 da 0.1 qulebs Sorisac ki. Tu aseTi gansxvaveba sworia, maSin SeiZleba skala 10-is faqtorze gavamravloT, raTa analizis Sedegebis gamoxatva ufro gamartivdes. masStabze SeTanxmeba auditis mniSvnelovani aspeqtia, radgan igi gvaxsenebs, ramdenad sando SeiZleba iyos auditis Sedegebi – es ki Zalian mniSvnelovani faqtoria, gansakuTrebiT, roca auditis Sedegebis safuZvelze samoqmedo gegmis Sedgenas viwyebT.

auditis mimarTuleba – dokumentacia

5 (maRali)

4

3

2

1 (dabali)

SekiTxvebi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

samoqmedo gegmebi

skolis saqmianobaSi Semdegi nabijia iseTi samoqmedo gegmis Se-muSaveba, romelic problemuri sakiTxebis mogvarebaze iqneba orientirebuli. garda amisa, fokusirebis SemoTavazebuli sferoebi unda gaanalizdes danaxarjebisa da Semosavlebis urTierTSefardebis TvalsazrisiT. aucileblad gasaTva-liswinebelia isic, rom skolaSi, sadac bevri saqmea da bevri sxva saWiroebac arsebobs, samoqmedo gegma efeqtiani iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac maqsimaluri Sedegi minimaluri danaxar-jiT miiReba.

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samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebas auditis Sedegebis safuZvelze ramdenime upiratesoba gaaCnia:

skola darwmunebuli unda iyos imaSi, rom samoqmedod Ser-yyCeuli sfero namdvilad problematuria da amis myari mtki-cebulebebi arsebobs;

es mtkicebulebani qmnian erTgvar sawyis mdgomareobas, yyromelTan mimarTebiTac izomeba RonisZiebaTa efeqtiano-ba;

unda gamoikveTos Zlieri mxareebi da safuZvlad daedos yymoqmedebebs – ratom aris es mxare Zlieri? rogor gaxda is aseTi da rogor “gadavitanoT” es siZliere gansaviTarebel sferoebSi?

SesaZlebelia resursebis ufro mizanmimarTuli gamoyeneba yyim sferoebSi, romlebic, auditis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, amas saWiroebs;

unda ganisazRvros skolis personalis treningis konkre-yytuli saWiroebani.

Semdeg gverdze magaliTisaTvis moyvanilia samoqmedo gegmis nimuSi. Tumca, arsebobs kargi samoqmedo gegmis bevri sxvada-sxva forma.

samoqmedo gegmis nimuSi

sakiTxis wamoweva auditis Sedegad

saWiro gaumjobeseba

dawyebis TariRi gadasinjvis TariRebi dasrulebis TariRi

ganxorcielebis strategiebi (Zlieri mxareebis Semdgomi gaZlierebis CaTvliT)

samizne Sedegebi

progresis monitoringis meTodebi

uSualod CarTuli personali

adamianebi, romelTac informacia unda miewodoT

sxva Sesabamisi informacia


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savarjiSo 2.7: samoqmedo gegmebis SemuSaveba

imisaTvis, rom moemzadoT moqmedebebis dasagegmad, ganixileT qvemoT moyvanili ori magaliTi da gadawyviteT, ra qmedebebi unda mohyves am SemTxvevebSi audits. Tqveni oTxive moqmede-bisaTvis SeavseT zemoT moyvanili sanimuSo samoqmedo gegmis forma.

gaxsovdeT, rom samoqmedo gegmis Sedegebi warmatebulad CaiT-vleba maSin, Tu isini arian:

konkretuli;yy

gazomvadi;yy

miRwevadi;yy

realisturi;yy

droSi gawerili.yy

skola A:

skolam maRali qula miiRo im dokumentebis Sefasebisas, rom-lebic miznad isaxaven Zaladobis prevenciasa da konviven-siis garemos Seqmnas mTel skolaSi. es dokumentebi momzadda ZiriTadi jgufebis CarTviT: skolis personali, moswavleebi, mSoblebi, direqtorebi. Tumca, isini sami wlis win Seiqmna da mas Semdeg ar gadasinjula. skolis personalis, moswavleebisa da mSoblebis gamokiTxviT gairkva, rom Zaladobis AaRmofxvris es politika gavlenas ver axdens personalisa da moswavleebis yoveldRiur qcevasa da praqtikaze.

skola B:

dokumentebis Sefasebisas skolam dabali qula miiRo. Zalian cotaa werilobiTi dokumentacia, romelic personalsa da moswavleebs ganumartavda skolis miznebsa da faseulobebs Zaladobis AaRmofxvris sferoSi. miuxedavad amisa, kiTxvareb-ze gacemuli pasuxebi da dakvirvebani gviCvenebs, rom skolaSi gavrcelebuli qcevis modelebi umeteswilad damakmayofile-belia da Zaladobis SemTxvevebic iSviaTia. skolis zogi Tanam-Sromeli ukmayofiloa saxelmZRvanelo dokumentis ararsebo-bis gamo, magram umetesoba arsebuli viTarebiT aSkarad kma yo-fili Cans.

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Tavi 3politikis harmonizacia

da misi gamoyeneba

konvivensiis garemos Seqmna skolebSi erTiani saskolo politikis meSveobiT

juli Sognesi

winamdebare Tavi daexmareba skolebs:

SeimuSaon an gadasinjon Zaladobis AaRmofxvris politika;yy

es politika gamoiyenon skolebSi konvivensiis gaumjobese-yybis gegmis konteqstSi;

skolebSi Seqmnan iseTi garemo, sadac Zaladoba ar ibato-yynebs.

erTiani saskolo politikis Seqmnis konteqsti

winamdebare TavSi ganvixilavT erTiani saskolo garemos Seq-mnis sakiTxs da vimsjelebT im strategiebze, romlebic skolebs daexmareba Zaladobis problemis mogvarebaSi. aRwerili midgo-mebi sagangebo yuradRebas miapyrobs sazogadoebis identobas, sadac skolis eTosi da praqtika gaamyarebs swavlasa da swavle-bas. skolebSi konvivensiis garemo ganixileba adgilobrivi da erovnuli politikis konteqstSi, ramdenadac skolis kultura uciloblad asaxavs ufro farTo socialur konteqsts.

erTiani saskolo politikis SemuSaveba kompleqsuri da rTu-li samuSaoa. Soni (1982) skolis erTianobis sakiTxTa ganxilvis ideas adarebs Waobs, sadac Zalian rTulia ipovo myari safuZve-li, saidanac daiwyeb. es koncefcia asaxavs skolebSi swrafi re-formirebis garemos, sadac moqmedebam, SesaZloa, win gauswros cvlilebis modelebis SemuSavebas. sinamdvileSi, skolebSi Za-ladobasTan dakavSirebuli kompleqsuri problemebis swrafad mogvarebas yovelTvis ar mohyveba grZelvadiani efeqti (Sogne-si da jeniferi, 2003). miuxedavad imisa, rom skolis Secvlis ra-cionaluri modelebi damaxasiaTebelia evropisaTvis, maT ver warmoaCines Zaladobis kompleqsuroba da gavlena organizaci-

58


is SigniT (fulani, 1999). albaT, yvelaze metad skolebs sWirde-baT saSualebebis moZieba cvlilebaTa mxardasaWerad, agreTve, moqnilobis SenarCuneba im wesebis miRebisa da SenarCunebisas, romlebic xels uwyobs moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa keTil-dReobas.

skolebi, rogorc saswavlo dawesebulebebi: erTiani saskolo midgomis SemuSaveba

erTiani saskolo Temebi moicavs iseT sakiTxebs, rogoricaa qceva (an Zaladoba), romelzec pasuxs erTpirovnulad skolis arc erTi warmo-madgeneli ar agebs. maT Sorisaa ramdenime arsebiTi problema, rome-lic skolebSi iCens Tavs. Rirebul Sedegebs viRebT, Tu es problemebi gvardeba integrirebulad da erTobliobaSi (DfES 2004).

did britaneTSi Catarebuli skolis efeqtianobis kvleva miu-TiTebs, rom skolis organizaciul struqturaSi aris cvlade-bi, romlebic mniSvnelovania qcevisa da Zaladobis AaRmofxvris TvalsazrisiT. me-2 Tavi auditis Sesaxeb swored am varauds efuZneba. zemoT aRniSnuli kvleva koncentrirebulia mTel rig faqtorebze, romlebic mniSvnelovania erTiani saskolo midgomebisa da politikis SemuSavebisaTvis:

pirveli faqtori mmarTvelobis iseT stils uWers mxars, yysadac waxalisebulia gunduri midgoma, uzrunvelyofilia mTeli personalis monawileoba politikis SemuSavebaSi da gaziarebulia pasuxismgebloba;

meore faqtori ukavSirdeba skolis molodins swavlebisa yyda qcevis mimarT, maT urTierTkavSirs.

rogorc madeni da hilmani (1996) aRniSnaven, kargi skolebi gan-sazRvraven konkretul miznebs da investirebas axdenen mSo-blebsa da sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebSi. rateri da sxv. (1979) yuradRebas amaxvileben moswavleTa gamocdilebis xari-sxis mniSvnelobaze. saskolo cxovrebis mniSvnelovan elemen-tebs Soris aRmoCnda:

akademiuri zemoqmedeba;yy

maswavlebelTa strategiebi saskolo oTaxebSi;yy

waxaliseba da dasja;yy

saskolo cxovrebis pirobebi;yy

monawileobisa da pasuxismgeblobis SesaZleblobebi;yy

erTiani midgoma skolaSi.yy

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magaliTad, skolebi, romlebsac hqondaT qcevis erTiani poli-tika da muSaobis standartebi, ukeTes Sedegebs iRebdnen kon-vivensiis mxardaWeris TvalsazrisiT (Tavi 1), vidre skolebi, romlebic arCevdnen midgomebis mravalferovnebas. ukanaskne-li xuTi wlis manZilze gavrcelebul literaturaSi xazgasmu-lia, rom organizaciaSi arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs moswavle-ebze orientirebul processa da Sedegebs, raTa gamyardes da damkvidrdes skolis winsvla.

sxvadasxva kvlevebSi poteri da sxv. (2002) ganixilaven im oTx ZiriTad sakiTxs, rac mniSvnelovania skolis Secvlisa da gaum-jobesebis koncefciisaTvis:

skolis eTosi da xedva – ramdenadac koncefciis gareSe, yyzmnas `gaumjobeseba” azri ar aqvs;

auditi – unda vicodeT, sad varT Canafiqris mimarT;yy

dagegmva – rogor mivaRwevT imas, rac gvsurs; yy

samuSaos Sesrulebis indikatorebis gamoyeneba – progre-yysis Tvalyuris devneba droSi im aspeqtebTan mimarTebiT, romelTa monitoringsac vaxdenT.

ramdenadac kvlevam aCvena, rom skolaSi cvlilebebi kompleq-suri xasiaTisaa, warmatebis mniSvnelovani Strixia skolis er-Tiani midgoma da skolis eTosi (konvivensiisaTvis), romelic umaRles Rirebulebas aniWebs socialur da emociur ganviTa-rebas, swavlisaTvis centraluri mniSvneloba rom aqvs.

Zaladobis aRmofxvris saskolo politikis SemuSaveba an gadasinjva

ras unda iTvaliswinebdes erTiani saskolo politika?

Zaladoba saskolo cxovrebis mraval aspeqtze aisaxeba. Sesaba-misad, ZaladobasTan gasamklavebeli strategiebi da midgomebi mTel rig RonisZiebebSi unda gamoixatos, rac xels Seuwyobs so-cialur CarTulobas, mSvidobian gadawyvetas, pativiscemas, Ta-nasworuflebianobas, emociur keTildReobasa da pozitiur mo-qcevas. politikis SemuSavebisas mniSvnelovania, rom midgoma da strategiebi damuSavdes. momavali ganviTarebisaTvis ki aucile-belia dawesebuli normebis auditi da gadasinjva.

codnis amaRleba da konsultacia

organizaciuli codnis amaRleba iwyeba skolis eTosis (konvi-vensiisaTvis) da araZaladobis waxalisebis midgomis gadasin-

Tavi 3 - politikis harmonizacia da misi gamoyeneba

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jviTa da gaziarebiT. upirveles yovlisa, unda arsebobdes sko-lis, rogorc saswavlo dawesebulebis, miznebisa da amocanebis erTiani gageba. es gulisxmobs ufro farTo saganmanaTleblo xedvas, rac moicavs skolis identobas da moswavleTa gansakuT-rebuli mondomebis gaRvivebas. am mosazrebaSi mTavaria moswa-vlis globaluri xedva, mniSvnelovania kargi urTierTobebis waxaliseba, rac aZlierebs sakuTari Tavis pativiscemas, moti-vaciasa da TviTdajerebulobas.

Zaladobis auditi mxolod maSin iqneba efeqtiani, Tu skolaSi yvelam ganixila da gaiazra es problema, gaiTvaliswina yvela tipis Zaladoba, rasac ki wawydomia skolebSi. codnis aseTi sa-xiT amaRleba daexmareba adamianebs, gaaanalizon problemebi da SeTanxmdnen Zaladobis ganmartebaze (ix. Tavi 1). konsulta-cia saSualebas aZlevs yvelas, gamoxatos Tavisi azri. agreTve SesaZlebels xdis diskusias problemebisa da perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb moswavleebs, mSoblebsa da sazogadoebas Soris. swo-red es asuldgmulebs samuSao process da gansazRvravs skolis prioritetebs.

aRniSnuli sakiTxebi amomwuravad aris ganxiluli me-2 TavSi. diskusia da codnis amaRleba auditis politikad qcevis sawyi-si etapia. qvemoT moyvanili savarjiSo nimuSis an Sesamowmebel maCvenebelTa nusxis saxiT SeiZleba gamoiyenos jgufma, rome-lic SeimuSavebs an asworebs saskolo politikas Zaladobis aR-mofxvris Sesaxeb.

savarjiSo 3.1: saskolo politikis SemuSaveba an gadasinjva

politikis SemuSavebis erT-erTi gzaa, daiweros iseTi kvleva, romelic pasuxs gascems mTel rig kiTxvebs. ramdenad upasu-xebs Tqveni politika qvemoT dasmul SekiTxvebs?

rogor gansazRvravT Zaladobas – ra qcevebs moicavs Tqveni yypolitika?

ra principebi udevs safuZvlad Tqvens politikas da ram-yydenad vrceldeba isini skolis mTel sazogadoebaze?

ramdenad ukavSirdeba es principebi skolis erTian miznebsa yyda kurikulums?

ramdenad exmareba es strategia Zaladobis aRmofxvrisa yyda kofliqtebis mogvarebis efeqtian swavlasa da swavle-bas?

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ra roli da pasuxismgeblobebi akisriaT mmarTvelebs, Tana-yymSromlebs, moswavleebsa da mSoblebs/meurveebs Zaladobis aRmofxvris damkvidrebis saqmeSi?

rogor uwesebs skola moswavleebs araZaladobrivi qcevis yymaRal standartebs?

ra saxis jildo arsebobs Zaladobis aRmofxvris wasaxa-yyliseblad?

ra saxis sanqciebi arsebobs Zaladobis aRmosafxvrelad?yy

ra saxis daxmarebaa SesaZlebeli im moswavleTaTvis, yyromelTa Zaladobrivi qceva mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens swavlasa da pirad cxovrebaze?

ra saxis daxmareba an treningi arsebobs TanamSromelTaT-yyvis, rac daexmareba maT moswavleTa Soris Zaladobis SemT-xvevebis samarTavad?

ramdenad arian TanamSromlebi, mSoblebi/meurveebi da mo-yyswavleebi CarTulni politikis Camoyalibebis an gadasin-jvis procesSi? ramdenad uweven maT konsultaciebs am pro-cesSi?

ra resursebs debs skola iseTi atmosferos Sesaqmnelad, yysadac ar iqneba Zaladoba?

rogor xdeba politikis monitoringi da Semowmeba? ris sa-yyfuZvelze askvnis skola, rom igi efeqtiania?

ganxorcieleba

skolis umaRlesma xelmZRvanelobam unda iTavos iniciativa, rom TanamSromlebma cxadad gaisigrZeganon, ra mohyveba poli-tikis Tanmimdevrul gamoyenebas praqtikaSi da sxvebisaTvis pi-radi magaliTis micemas. msjelobis dawyeba Zaladobis Temaze mTeli skolis monawileobiT, SesaZloa, sasargeblo aRmoCndes sazogadoebis codnis gaRrmavebisaTvis, agreTve, sxvadasxva sa-kiTxis naTelsayofad. magaliTad, imis gasaTviTcnobiereblad, rom Zaladoba yvelas azianebs da yvelas pasuxismgeblobaa. am sawyisi etapidan, problemebisa da maTi gadaWris gzebze disku-sia Riaa skolis sazogadoebisaTvis, romelsac kargad esmis sa-kvanZo sakiTxebi.

monitoringi

monitoringi auditisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom is gulisxmobs politikis konkretuli elementebis ufro xSir Semowmebas.


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mniSvnelovania, rom monitoringis praqtika skolaSi da sa-zogadoebis SigniT asaxavdes skolis erTian xedvas da msje-lobas imis Taobaze, efeqtiania Tu ara es politika. regula-ruli monitoringi saSualebas aZlevs skolebs, gansazRvron tendenciebi droSi, magaliTad, imatebs Tu iklebs yoCobis SemTxvevebi. mniSvnelovania, ganisazRvros, konkretulad ra saxis monitoringi Catardeba da rogor aisaxeba am procesze moswavleebis, mSoblebis/ meurveebisa da sazogadoebis Sexe-dulebebi.

aseve mniSvnelovania imis uzrunvelyofa, rom monitorings moh yves gaumjobeseba, progresi, raTa skolebma SeZlon, izei-mon warmateba da daeyrdnon TavianT siZlieres.

savarjiSo 3.2: monitoringi unda iyos martivi da advili gansaxorcielebeli

monitoringis sistemis Camoyalibebisas, daismis Semdegi Seki-Txvebi:

ra sistemebi arsebobs Zaladobis SemTxvevebis dasafiqsireb-yylad?

ra saxis monacemebis Segrovebaa SesaZlebeli martivad da yyiolad?

xelmisawvdomia Tu ara pozitiuri an negatiuri informa-yycia?

asaxavs Tu ara monacemebi tendenciebs?yy

ganacalkevebs Tu ara monacemebi Sexedulebas faqtisagan?yy

exmareba Tu ara monacemebi skolas nebismieri cvlilebis yygamomwvevi mizezis gansazRvraSi?

rogor xdeba am informaciis analizi, gaziareba da gamoye-yyneba praqtikaSi?

daexmareba Tu ara es informacia skolas warmatebis aRniS-yyvnaSi?

mimdinare gaumjobesebebi

monitoringis Rirebuleba mxolod warmatebis gamovlena ro-dia, aramed uwyveti gaumjobesebis waxalisebac. amas aRiareben skolis damkvirveblebic.

igive Seexeba skolebSi araZaladobis politikasac. monito-ringi da misi ukugeba, rasac mohyveba politikis cvlileba da

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gaumjobeseba, mniSvnelovania mxolod maSin, Tu is cocxalia da gardaiqmneba efeqtian moqmedebad.

monitoringis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi da ukugeba Ta-namSromlebis, ojaxebis, bavSvebisa da mmarTvelebis mxridan, skolas exmareba politikis gadasinjvasa da ganaxlebaSi saswav-lo wlis ganmavlobaSi. codnis gaRrmaveba zrdis moswavleTa informirebulobis dones Zaladobis Sesaxeb da, metad savarau-doa, rom isini saTanadod upasuxeben da gamoaaSkaraveben kidec Zaladobis SemTxvevebs skolebSi.

aRsaniSnavia is, rom ar aqvs mniSvneloba ramdenad kargad aris dawerili politika, an ramdenad kargad xdeba misi efeqtiano-bis monitoringi. politika ar iqneba warmatebuli, Tu masSi mo-nawile yvela mxare srulad ar iziarebs pasuxismgeblobas misi ganxorcielebis procesSi. aqedan gamomdinare, arsebiTia mud-mivi yuradReba eqceodes moswavleTa, mSobelTa, TanamSromel-Ta da sazogadoebis Tanamonawileobas konvivensiis garemos Se-saqmnelad.

yvelas monawileoba konvivensiis garemos Seqmnisa da SenarCunebis saqmeSi

robsoni da smedli (1996) warmoadgenen models, romelic iTva-liswinebs mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis CarTulobis oTx dones. pirveli sami done xSirad inicirebulia Tavad skolebis mier da mSoblebs proaqtiulobisken ubiZgebs. meoTxe, partnioro-bis done, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis, rogorc partniorTa muSaobas. qvemoT CamoT-vlilia es oTxi done, agreTve konkretuli RonisZiebebi maT gansaxorcieleblad.

done 1: informacia

vrceldeba Semdegi wyaroebis saSualebiT:

Ria saRamoebi;yy

sainformacio broSurebi;yy

werilobiTi angariSebi;yy

piradi kontaqtebi;yy

mowvevebi krebebze;yy

mSobelTa da maswavlebelTa asociaciis Sexvedrebi;yy

gamofenebi;yy

informacia werilebSi, saxelmZRvanelo wignebSi da sxv. yy


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done 2: CarTuloba

miiRweva Semdegi saSualebebiT:

TanamSromlebTan kavSiri skolis dawyebamde da misi das-yyrulebis Semdgom;

wignis kvireulebis organizeba;yy

sainformacio broSurebis organizeba;yy

damxmare mSoblebi;yy

socialuri RonisZiebebi;yy

mSobelTa da maswavlebelTa asociaciis wevroba. yy

done 3: TanamSromloba


erToblivi muSaoba konkretuli sakiTxebis mosagvareb-yylad;

mSobelTa da maswavlebelTa seminarebi;yy

erToblivi RonisZiebebi;yy

mSobelTa oTaxi;yy

daxmareba skolis Semdgomi klubebis organizebaSi;yy

sazogadoebrivi RonisZiebebi;yy

erToblivi sadilebis organizeba.yy

done 4: partnioroba


politikis erToblivi SemuSaveba;yy

erToblivi menejmenti;yy

gadawyvetilebis erToblivad miReba. yy

skolis politikis Camoyalibebisas maqsimaluri efeqtis miR-wevis mizniT, skolebma meoTxe doneze (partnioroba) unda imuSaon skolis mTel sazogadoebasTan. partniorul doneze gadawyvetilebis miRebis damkvidrebas dro da mondomeba sWir-deba skolis mxridan da rTuli gamowvevaa umaRlesi xelmZRva-nelobisTvis.

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politikis SemuSavebamde da mis ganxorcielebamde skolisaT-vis aucilebeli ar aris meoTxe doneze yofna. Tumca, procesi gacilebiT efeqtiani iqneba, Tu gamoiyeneba 1-3 doneebiT gan-sazRvruli punqtebis umetesoba. es niSnavs iseTi strategiis SemuSavebas, gundur midgomas rom waaxalisebs.

savarjiSo 3.3: ramdenad efeqtianad vuwyobT xels konvivensias?

qvemoT CamoTvlili SekiTxvebi SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT Ta-namSromlebTan, mSoblebTan, moswavleebsa Tu ufro farTo sa-zogadoebasTan diskusiis bazad, raTa gansazRvroT, ramdenad efeqtianad uwyobs xels skola konvivensias.

ra Zlieri mxareebi aqvs skolas?yy

rogor iZenen moswavleebi Tanaziarobis gancdas?yy

ramdenad arian CarTulni moswavleebi saskolo cxovreba-yySi?

ramdenad aqtiurad arian CarTulni moswavleebi sakuTar yyganaTlebaSi?

ramdenad uwyobs xels skola moswavleTa da mozrdilTa yyswavleba-ganviTarebas?

rogor SeuZliaT mSoblebs skolebis mxardaWera?yy

ramdenad arian mSoblebi CarTulni gadawyvetilebis miRe-yybis procesSi?

ra saxiT urTierTTanamSromlobs sazogadoeba, rom uzrun-yyvelyos saswavlo garemos usafrTxoeba da uSiSroeba?

ra doziT arian mSoblebi da sazogadoeba CarTulni sasko-yylo cxovrebaSi?

savarjiSo 3.4: Tqveni amJamindeli situaciis Sefaseba

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu skola dainteresebulia uzrunvelyos yvela mxaris CarTuloba skolebSi Zaladobis sakiTxebis mogvarebis saqmeSi, aucilebelia qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi CamoTvlili moTxovnebis dakmayofileba. es cxrili dagexmarebaT, Seaja-moT arsebuli situacia 1-dan 10 quliani sistemiT.


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situacia Cvens skolaSiskala 1-dan (dabali) 10-mde (maRali)

skolis xedva naTelia yvela mxarisaTvis

1 - 10

politika gadaisinjeba, raTa xeli SevuwyoT skolis ufro farTo miznebis miRwevas

1 - 10

gaziarebulia arsebuli praqtikis auditisa da gadasinjvis mniSvneloba

1 - 10

gaziarebulia garemos usafrTxoebisa da uSiSroebis aucilebloba, sadac moswavleebs, TanamSromlebsa da mSoblebs saSualeba aqvT, erTmaneTs gauziaron sakuTari mosazrebebi da grZnobebi

1 - 10

xalxi skolaSi qmnis imis saSualebas, rom moisminon moswavleTa, TanamSromelTa da sazogadoebis Sexedulebebi

1 - 10

skolebi dgamen pozitiur nabijebs mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis CarTulobis uzrunvelsayofad 1 - 10

magaliTi: konvivensiis Seqmna – done 1: informacia

krebis kalendari

imisaTvis, rom skolis mTelma sazogadoebam miiRos informa-cia skolis politikis Sesaxeb da kargad gaaanalizos igi, erT-erTi gzaa RonisZiebaTa an krebebis organizeba, rac aviTarebs konvivensias. magaliTisTvis, qvemoT kalendarSi Tavmoyrilia

67

aRsaniSnav dReTa nusxa, rac globalur moqalaqeobas ukavSir-deba. kalendarSi ganzrax ar Sedis religiuri dResaswaulebi.

Tve/weli Tema SemoTavazebuli variantebi

ianvari msxverplSewirvisxsenebis dRe

Temis gansaxilvelad gamoiyeneT moswavlis wigni an ana frankis dRiuri

mizezebisa da Segedebis ganxilva

Tebervali socialuri samarTlis dRe

aqcenti gaakeTeT im adamianebze, romlebic cxovrebis manZilze samarTlianobisTvis iRwvodnen (deda tereza, dalai lama, nelson mandela)

marti msoflio wignis dRe

gauziareT istoriebi sxvadasxva tradiciebidan

aprili SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb codnis amaRlebis dRe

aRniSneT romelime cnobili SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianis miRwevebi

moswavleebTan erTad wamoswieT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis sakiTxebi

maisi sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis dRe

aRniSneT mSobelTa, moswavleTa da skolis TanamSromelTa miRwevebi

ivnisi garemos dacvis msoflio dRe

gamoiZieT adgilobrivi an globaluri garemos dacviTi problema

ivlisi SemoqmedebiTobis dRe

izeimeT vizualuri da literaturuli, Teatraluri an musikaluri xelovnebis dRe, gansxvavebuli tradiciebi

seqtemberi mdgradi ganviTarebis dRe

SeiswavleT mdgradi cxovrebis stili – narCenebis Semcireba da samyaroze zrunva


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Tve/weli Tema SemoTavazebuli variantebi

oqtomberi Savi istoriis Tve Savi istoriis aRniSvna

noemberi bavSvTa saerTaSoriso dRe

SeiswavleT da imsjeleT bavSvTa uflebebze

dekemberi adamianis uflebaTa dRe

ganixileT kanonmdebloba da misi mniSvneloba moswavleebisa da TanamSromlebisaTvis

am ciklis farglebSi dasaSvebia, erTi kviriT gverdze gadavdoT skolaSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris Tema. es SeiZleba daukav Sirdes moqalaqeobis Temebs an kurikulums socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi unarebis CamoyalibebisaTvis (ix. Tavi 4), Rirebulebe-bisa da damokidebulebebis gaTvaliswinebis gziT:

empaTia – grZnobebi, saWiroeba da sxvebis cxovreba, huma-yynurobis, TanagrZnobis SegrZneba;

identobis gancda – adamianis TviTRirebulebisa da indi-yyvidualurobis SegrZneba (yvela gansakuTrebulia);

mravalferovnebis dafaseba da pativiscema – imis dafaseba, yyrom SegviZlia erTmaneTisgan viswavloT;

socialuri samarTali da samarTlianoba – interesi da wuxi-yyli globalur sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT da patiosneba;

zrunva garemoze – yvelas sicocxlis da erTmaneTis pa-yytiviscema da zrunva.

me-4 donis, anu partniorobis Camosayalibeblad skolebma, Se-saZloa, gamarTon Ria karis dReebi da konsultaciebi gauwion mSoblebs Zaladobis aRmofxvris xelSesawyobad; an waaxalison moswavleebi, warmoaCinon es Tema Teatraluri, musikaluri an sacekvao nomrebis meSveobiT. es, SesaZloa, ukavSirdebodes sabavSvo literaturasac da sxva monawileTa CarTulobas mo-aswavebdes.

magaliTi: konvivensiis Camoyalibeba – done 2: CarTuloba

gamofenebi

konvivensiis garemos Seqmnis procesSi skolis mTeli sazoga-doebis monawileobis waxalisebis mizniT, skolis krebaze unda warmoadginon Sesabamisi Tema. aq moswavleebs saSualeba miece-maT, isaubron sakuTar perspeqtivebze da TavianTi mosazrebebi

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sxva asakis mozardebsac gauziaron. am Temis irgvliv gamofenis organizeba skolis teritoriazec SeiZleba, sadac monawileo-bas miiReben moswavleebi, TanamSromlebi, mSoblebi da ufro farTo sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebic, aseve SesaZlebeli iq-neba vizitorTa miRebac.

meoTxe doneze (partnioroba) samuSaod, moswavleebs, mSoblebs an sazogadoebis wevrebs SeiZleba daevalos gamofenis dagegmva da organizeba.

magaliTi: konvivensiis Camoyalibeba – done 3: TanamSromloba

skolis moswavleTa sabWo

skolis sabWoebis praqtika moswavleTa socialuri ganviTare-bis erT-erT efeqtian gzad ganisazRvra (Sognesi da jeniferi, 2003). moswavleebi TiToeuli klasidan irCeven warmomadgenels skolis sabWoSi, romelic monawileobs saskolo cxovrebasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi. aseTi sa-xis monawileoba bavSvebs aqtiur ganviTarebaSi exmareba, ufro Rirebuls xdis maT CarTulobas konvivensiis CamoyalibebaSi.

skolis sabWoebi xels uwyobs demokratiul da Tanamonawileo-biT procesebs da moswavleebs im realuri problematikis asaxvi-saken ubiZgebs, rac maT da sxvebis cxovrebaze axdens gavlenas. `didi britaneTis skolebis sabWo” (devisi, 1998) acxadebs, rom skolis sabWoebi moswavleebs uviTarebs Semdeg unar-Cvevebs:

... warmoadginon dasabuTebuli argumentebi; mSvidad moisminon da reagireba moaxdinon maTTvis mniSvnelovan Sexedulebebze; mo-nawileoba miiRon saerTo problemebis gadawyvetaSi; efeqturad imuSaon sxvebTan erTad klasSi socialuri harmoniis Sesaqmnelad; iswavlon Tanatolebis Suamdgomloba; saWiroebisamebr, hqondeT mamacoba da TviTdajerebuloba, gamoxaton iseTi azri, rac yovel-Tvis ar aris sxvebisaTvis misaRebi.

amgvarad, skolis sabWo xdeba skolis Sefasebis procesis nawi-lic. skolis efeqtiani sabWoebi meoTxe doneze gadainacvlebs da, imavdroulad, pirvel da mesame doneebze muSaobs:

im sakiTxebis wamoweviT, rac, zogadad, yvelas awuxebs;yy

TvalsazrisTa gaziarebiT da moswavleTa Tu maswavlebel-yyTa informirebiT Sedegebis Sesaxeb;

mTel rig skiTebze SesaZlo qmedebaTa SeTavazebiT;yy


70


RonisZiebebis organizebiT;yy

gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi monawileobis miRebiT, yymagaliTad, skolis strategiasa an Tanxis daxarjvaze.

magaliTi: konvivensiis Camoyalibeba – done 4: partnioroba

aRdgeniTi samarTali

konvivensia harmoniis uzrunvelyofas, aseve, moswavleebs So-ris, moswavleTa da mozrdilebs Soris arsebul urTierTobeb-Si Seqmnili xarvezebis gamosworebas gulisxmobs. magaliTis-Tvis, aRdgeniTi midgomebi zogierT skolaSi scdeba samarTlis sistemis farglebs da dangreuli urTierTobebis mogvarebas eswrafis. aRniSnulma midgomebma, SesaZloa, gansxvavebuli formaluri da araformaluri saxe miiRos. TiToeuli maTgani gulisxmobs partniorobis aRdgenas erToblivi gadawyvetile-bebis miRebis gziT, urTierTobebis momavlisaTvis.

qvemoT mocemuli magaliTi aRwers, Tu rogor gamoiyeneba aRdge-niTi marTlmsajulebis teqnologia partniorobis aRsadgenad.

aRdgeniT marTlmsajulebas skola axorcielebs policiis ad-gilobriv samsaxurTan erTad. misi mizania, Tavidan aacilos moswavleebs sasamarTlo sistemaSi CarTva. vTqvaT, oTaxSi Ses-vlisas moswavle ganzrax hkravs xels maswavlebels, ris gamoc maswavlebeli Zirs ecema da mxars seriozulad izianebs. poli-cia, skola, mSobeli da maswavlebeli Tanxmdebian, rom umjobe-sia aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis aRsruleba - sxdomis gamar-Tva, vidre moswavlis pirdapir dasja. moswavle amgvarad ga-acnobierebs maswavleblisaTvis miyenebul zians. meore mxriv, maswavlebeli gamoxatavs Tavis grZnobebs, emociebs da mdgoma-reobas erToblivad gamoasworeben.

amis sawinaaRmdegod, saCivris Setana zemoxsenebul arc erT Sedegs ar mogvitanda. rasakvirvelia, es gamoiwvevda Semdgom kamaTs da met zians miayenebda mSoblis, skolisa da moswavlis urTierTobebs, radgan TiToeuli mxare Seecdeboda sakuTari interesebis dacvas.

am aRdgeniTi sasamarTlos sxdomas Tavmjdomareobs policiis oficeri moswavlesTan, mSoblebTan, maswavlebelsa da ufros maswavlebelTan (romelic maswavleblis mxardamWeria da sko-las warmoadgens) erTad. ToToeuli mxare saubrobs momxdaris sakuTar versiaze, SemTxvevis gamo Seqmnil grZnobebze, TiTo-eulisaTvis miyenebul ziansa da problemis gadasaWrelad ga-dasadgmel nabijebze.

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sabolood, moswavle sindisis qejniT gulwrfelad ixdis bo-diSs da danaSaulis gamosworebas cdilobs maswavleblisaT-vis praqtikuli daxmarebis aRmoCeniT, kerZod, gakveTilebis Semdeg saswavlo masalebis dalagebiT. maswavlebeli amiT kma-yofilia. mSobeli srulad monawileobs sasurveli Sedegis miRwevaSi da skolasa da ojaxs Soris partnioroba namdvilad Zlierdeba.

konvivensiis gaZliereba kurikulumSi moqalaqeobrivi poziciis Setanis gziT

me-4 TavSi ganxilulia konvivensiis danergva saswavlo progra-mebSi. Tumca, moqalaqeobrivi poziciis swavleba, rac mraval qveyanaSi kurikulumis mniSvnelovani aspeqti gaxda, Cvens did interess iwvevs, radgan igi iZleva SesaZleblobas, mTeli sazo-gadoeba CarTos skolebSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris saqmeSi.

aqtiuri moqalaqeobrivi poziciis Seswavlisas, moswavleebi:

ganixilaven socialuri samarTlis, adamianis uflebebis, yymravalferovnebisa da Tanasworobis sakiTxebs;

gaiazreben da gamoimuSaveben TanagrZnobis Tu pativiscemis yygrZnobebs mravalferovnebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

eWvqveS daayeneben stereotipebs da mniSvnelovan sakiTxeb-yyze gadamwyvet perspeqtivebs dasaxaven;

aRiareben sakuTar pasuxismgeblobas sxvebis mimarT;yy

gaiTvaliswineben sakuTari qmedebebis Sedegebs da disku-yysiaSi CarTvis aucileblobas arCevanis gakeTebisas.

iangi da kominsi (2002) gansazRvraven skolis politikis Se-muSavebisas gasaTvaliswinebel mniSvnelovan aspeqtebs, rac moqalaqeobrivi poziciis swavlebas ukavSirdeba:

empaTia sxvebis mimarT – mgrZnobiaroba, TanagrZnobisa da yymosmenis unari;

identobisa da sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis grZnoba; am yygrZno bebis sxvebSi ganviTarebis unari;

valdebuleba socialuri samarTlisa da Tanasworobis mi-yymarT;

mravalferovnebis gaazreba da misi pativiscema;yy

rwmena imisa, rom adamianebs ZaluZT Secvla ukeTesobisken;yy


72


mdgradi ganviTarebis gaazreba da pasuxismgebloba mis mi-yymarT;

mSvidobisa Tu konfliqtebis gaazreba da maTi mogvarebis yyunari da survili;

kritikuli azrovnebis, usamarTlobis winaaRmdeg galaSq-yyrebisa da efeqtiani kamaTis unari;

globalizaciisa da urTierTdamokidebulebis gaazreba da yyam sakiTxebis ufro Rrmad Seswavlis valdebuleba.

moqalaqeobrivi poziciis TvalsazrisiT efeqtiani kurikulu-mi moswavleTa unarebs ganaviTarebs Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:

TanamSromloba da konfliqtebis mogvareba – sxvebTan er-yyTad muSaobis unari; konfliqtebis efeqtianad da obieq-turad gaanalizeba; yvela mxarisaTvis misaRebi gadaw-yvetilebis miReba;

kritikuli azrovneba – Sexedulebebisa da informaciis yyobieqturad da kritikulad Sefasebis unari, sxvisi mosaz-rebis Secvlis, eWvqveS dayenebis da eTikuri daskvnebis gamotanis unari;

usamarTlobisa da uTanasworobis winaaRmdeg brZola – yyusamarTlobisa da uTanasworobis aRiarebisa da saTanado qmedebis SerCevis unari;

adamianebisa da sagnebis pativiscema – sxvaTa saWiroebebis yyaRiareba da maTze reagireba; arCevanis gakeTeba da Sedege-bis aRiareba.

savarjiSo 3.5: moqalaqoebrivi poziciis swavlebis mniSvneloba

savarjiSo 3.1-Si mocemuli SekiTxvebis Tvalis kidev erTxel gadavlebiT, gaaanalizebT, Zaladobis AaRmofxvris saskolo politikis romeli elementebis gamoyenebaa SesaZlebeli moqa-laqeobrivi poziciis swavlebis gziT.

ras SecvlidiT moqalaqeobrivi poziciis programaSi konviven-siis xelSesawyobad?

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Tavi 4ra unda iswavlebodes?

skolis kurikulumis gamoyeneba Zaladobis aRmofxvris mxardasaWerad

juli keisi

winamdebare Tavi daxmarebas gauwevs skolebs:

gaiazron, ra unda aswavlon moswavleebs socialuri, emoci-yyuri da qceviTi unarebis Sesaxeb;

Seamowmon, ra keTdeba amJamad amgvari unarebis aTvisebis yyxelSesawyobad;

gadawyviton, kidev risi gakeTeba SeiZleba imisaTvis, rom yymoswavleebma iswavlon Tavis gakontroleba Zaladobis dasaZlevad.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmoba agresiisa da Zaladobis incidentebis Semcirebas Tavad moswavleebis monawileobiT, rac miiRweva kurikulumze damyarebuli prevenciuli muSaobiT moswavleTa socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis (SEBS) gansaviTareblad. am miznis misaRwevad aucilebelia pasuxi gaeces Semdeg kiTxvebs:

ra saxis codnas, unarebsa da Segnebas emyareba araZaladob-yyrivi midgoma konfliqtebis mogvarebisa da sirTuleebis daZlevisadmi?

ra efeqtiani gzebi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom saganmanaTle-yyblo dawesebulebebSi ganuviTaron es unarebi, codna da Segneba?

winamdebare Tavi efuZneba konkretul magaliTebs kuriku-lumisa, romelic Seqmnilia dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebSi (asaki - 3-11 weli) socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis Camoyalibebisa da ganviTarebis mizniT (daafinansa inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentma (DfES)). ufro vrceli informacia am programis Sesaxeb SegiZliaT moiZioT Semdeg in-ternet gverdze: http://www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/primary

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am konkretuli magaliTebiT, skolebi SeZleben ganixilon, raoden did gavlenas axdens kurikulumi araZaladobis eTo-sis gaZlierebaze skolis garemoSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom msgavs movlenebs evropis sxva qveynebSic vxvdebiT da inglisis gamocdileba unikaluri ar aris. inglisis erovnuli kuriku-lumis Tanaxmad, skola valdebulia:

yovel bavSvs misces swavlisa da warmatebis miRwevis saSu-yyaleba;

xeli Seuwyos moswavleTa sulier, moralur, socialur da yykulturul ganviTarebas;

moamzados moswavleebi cxovrebiseuli SesaZleblobebis, yypasuxismgeblobisa da gamocdilebisaTvis.

2003 wlis seqtemberSi gamoqveynebul mTavrobis politikaSi warmodgenilia strategia saxelwodebiT: “yoveli bavSvi mniS-vnelovania”. igi gansazRvravs ZiriTad Sedegebs, romelTac sasicocxlo mniSvneloba aqvs moswavleTa da axalgazrdobis keTildReobisaTvis, maTi janmrTelobis, usafrTxoebis, bed-nieri cxovrebisa da miRwevebisaTvis, sazogadoebriv cxovre-baSi pozitiuri wvlilis SetanisaTvis.

2003 wels ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentma 10 mln. fun-ti sterlingis investicia (daaxloebiT 14,7 mln. evro) Cado sapiloto programis Seqmnisa da gavrcelebis saqmeSi, romelic iTvaliswinebda moswavlis socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi unarebis ganviTarebas. es programa sxva mravali msgavsi prog-ramisgan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom pirvelad Seiqmna specialuri kurikulumi dawyebiTi klasebis yvela moswavlisaTvis (3-11 ww. asaki). garda amisa, skolebs mouwodeben daxmarebis sxva prog-ramebis CarTvas, romlebic amoqmeddeba, Tu moswavle gamoav-lens sirTuleebs “socialur unarebSi” an “sibrazis marTvaSi”.

inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentma es meTodi ga-naviTara mtkicebulebaTa sul ufro mzardi raodenobis fonze, romelTa Tanaxmad, winaswari yuradRebis gamaxvileba moswav-leTa codnis, unarebisa da Segnebis ganviTarebaze socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis farTo arealSi ara mxolod ex-mareba moswavleebs pirovnuli da sxvebTan saurTierTo unare-bis ganviTarebaSi, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania, aramed dadebiT gavlenas axdens maT akademiur moswrebaze, skolaSi daswrebis sixSiresa da yofaqcevis gamosworebaze; sagrZnoblad amcirebs Zaladobisa da yoCobis SemTxvevebsac; amasTan, xels uwyobs skolebSi CarTulobis zrdas. aRsaniSnavia, rom es yvelaferi iTvleba mTavrobis umTavres amocanad ganaTlebis sferoSi.

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garda amisa, “jansaRi erovnuli skolebis programa”, romelic jandacvis saxelmwifo departamentisa da ganaTlebis dapartamentis erToblivi iniciativaa (http://www.wiredforhealth.gov.uk), acxadebs, rom skolebSi socialur, emociur da qceviT Cvevebze sagangebo yuradRebis gamaxvileba xels uwyobs maswavlebelTa samuSaoze ayvanasa da maT SenarCunebas – es didi problemaa ganaTlebis yvela safexurze, gansakuTrebiT ki im skolebSi, romlebic yvelaze “gamomwvevad” iTvleba. ueWvelia, rom Zaladoba da agresia (rogorc moswavleTa, ise moswavlesa da maswavlebels Soris) maswavlebelTa stresisa da gulgatexilobis umTavresi mizezia.

es meTodi mxolod konfliqtebis mogvarebis meTodikaze rodia koncentrirebuli. misi miznebi scildeba Zaladobisa da yoCo-bis SemTxvevaTa Semcirebis farglebs. misi ZiriTadi amocanaa, miaRwios am da sxva Sedegebs moswavleTa socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi unarebis ganviTarebis gziT. Tanamedrove pirobeb-Si, Zaladobisa da yoCobis SemTxvevaTa raodenobis Semcireba sakvanZo mniSvnelobis Sedegad CaiTvleba.

ra saxis codna, unarebi da Segneba uwyobs xels konfliqtebisa da sirTuleebis araZaladobrivi gziT mogvarebas?

zogadad iTvleboda, rom konfliqtis mSvidobianad mogvarebis unari socialur, emociur da qceviT CvevebTan iyo dakavSire-buli, magram ganaTlebis arsebuli sistemis pirobebSi ar arse-bobda sruli Tanxmoba imaze, Tu ras niSnavda Tavad es unarebi. socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis adgili ganaTlebis sistemaSi ramdenadme areul-dareulia, risi niSanicaa bevri gansxvavebuli termini, romlebic gamoiyeneba ganaTlebis sistemaSi ZaladobasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva (zogjer ki urTierTgadafaruli) aspeqtis aRwerisaTvis: emociuri jan-mrTeloba da keTildReoba, emociuri ganaTleba, emociuri inteleqti, emociuri da socialuri kompetenturoba, sxvebT-an saurTierTo unarebi, saarsebo unarebi, sulieri janmrTe-loba, pirovnuli, socialuri da sanitaruli ganaTleba da a.S. skolebSi emociur ganaTlebaze sagangebo yuradReba Tanab-rad xdeboda rogorc mxardaWeris, ise ironiis sagani. mas xan miesalmebodnen, rogorc erTian, koncentrirebul midgomas ganaTlebis mimarT, xan ki dascinodnen, rogorc arasasurvel, mavne gadaxras WeSmariti saganmanaTleblo miznebisgan, rom-lebic mxolod da mxolod akademiuri moswrebiT unda Semo-fargluliyo.

Tavi 4 - ra unda iswavlebodes?

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ganaTlebaze ganaxlebulma yuradRebam misi Teoretikosebi Zveli kriticizmis daZlevamde miiyvana - codnis, unarebisa da Segnebis (ris danergvasac veswrafiT) ufro cxad da zust gagebamde. ufro zustad, gaCnda survili, rom sacdeli programis farglebSi, socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis programiT ganxorcielebuli swavlis Sedegebi iseTive srulyofili yofiliyo, rogoric iqneboda wera-kiTxvisa da angariSis nacionaluri kurikulumis mixedviT. aman sasurveli nayofi gamoiRo im TvalsazrisiT, rom SemogvTavaza ufro cxadi gansazRvreba da parametri saganmanaTleblo sferoSi, ramac praqtikosebs saSualeba misca, gamoeyenebinaT saerTo leqsikoni adre sakmaod bundovan TemasTan mimarTebiT.

sacdeli programa axdens socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis 5 ZiriTadi sferos TvalsaCino kategorizacias, romelic agebulia daniel golmanis mier Tavdapirvelad (1969) SemoTavazebuli sqemis mixedviT da romelic “emociur inteleqts” ZiriTad elementebad yofs. esenia:

TviTanaliziyy

empaTiayy

grZnobaTa marTvayy

motivaciayy

socialuri unarebi (komunikaciis CaTvliT)yy

amaTgan TviTanalizi, grZnobaTa marTva da motivacia Tavidanve intrapersonalur unarebad iTvleboda, xolo TanagrZnoba da socialuri unarebi – interpersonalurad. TiToeuli sfero aerTianebs bevr individualur unars, romlebic, Tu ganva-zogadebT, SeiZleba CavTvaloT, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi vi-Tardeba mimdinare cvlilebebTan erTad. ra Tqma unda, mniS-vnelovania imis gaazreba, rom es ar aris “namdvili” dayofa – Zneli warmosadgenia adamianuri situacia, rodesac erTi sfero sxvebisgan damoukideblad gamoiyeneba. sinamdvileSi, unarebi urTierTdamokidebulia. isini gavlenas axdenen erTmaneTze sxvadasxva gziT, rac iwvevs sxvadasxva sirTulis qcevebis war-moSobas.

savarjiSo 4.1: unarebi, codna da Segneba konfliqtis mosagvareblad

Tavdapirvelad, cal-calke gaiazreT Tqvens garemocvaSi bolo dros Seqmnili konfliqturi situacia. Semdeg daiyaviT jgufe-bad, imsjeleT da SeTanxmdiT, ra unarebi, codna da Segneba unda gamoavlinos mozrdilma adamianma konfliqtis mSvidobi-

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anad mogvarebisaTvis ise, rom orive mxare kmayofili darCes. SeecadeT, rom Tqveni nusxa SeadaroT savarjiSo 4.2-Si moce-mul cxrils.

socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis 5 ZiriTadi sferodan yvela unari, codna da Segneba gamoiyenes konfliqtis mSvidobianad mogvarebis dros?

SeadareT Tqveni pasuxebi inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentis socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis meTodis models, romelic moyvanilia 76-e gverdze.

Tqveni nusxa warmoadgens zogierT unars, codnasa da Segnebas, romelTac emyareba konfliqtis mogvarebisadmi araZalado-brivi midgoma. Cndeba sakvanZo kiTxva: ukeT rogor davnergoT isini skolis garemoSi?

savarjiSo 4.2: moswavleebi da konfliqtis mogvareba

moifiqreT da winamdebare cxrilSi SeitaneT is gzebi, romelTa saSualebiTac Tqveni skola exmareba moswavleebs, ganiviTaron Segneba, codna da unarebi konfliqturi situaciebis efeqtiani mogvarebisaTvis.

konfliqtis mSvidobiani mogvareba

sfero aucilebeli codna, unarebi, Segneba konfliqtis efeqtiani mogvarebisaTvis

ra gzebiT exmarebian moswavleebs, rom ganviTardnen?

TviTanalizi

empaTia

grZnobaTa marTva

motivacia

socialuri unarebi

konfliqtebis mSvidobian gadawyvetaSi CarTuli unarebi, codna da Segneba gadmoRebulia Tu ara socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis xuTive sferodan? Tu ara, rogor SeiZleba amis gamosworeba?


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konfliqtis mogvarebaSi gamoyenebuli unarebi: inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentis modeli

qvemoT moyvanilia unarebi, romlebic iswavleba gaerTianebuli samefos socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis programaSi:

sfero konfliqtebis efeqtiani mogvarebisaTvis aucilebeli codna, unarebi da Segneba

TviTanalizi grZnobebis amocnoba da identifikacia;problemis gansazRvra-gaazreba (“Tavs ase vgrZnob imitom, rom...”);saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgeblobis aReba (kontrolis kulminacia)

empaTia sxva mxareebis gancdili grZnobebis amocnoba da identifikacia; sxva pirovnebis Cadenili moqmedebis mizezis gagebis unari;imis mixvedris unari, Tu ratom aris saWiro, rom molaparakebis nebismieri Sedegi yvela mxarisTvis Tanabrad xelsayreli da samarTliani iyos.

grZnobebis marTva

gabrazebis dros damSvidebis unari;sakuTari rigis dacdis unari – araviTari Sewyvetineba (Tavis dakmayofilebis gadavadeba)

motivacia

konfliqtis mogvarebis survili (gamarTleba ar aqvs sxva pirovnebisaTvis ganwyobis gafuWebas);sakuTari survilebis Camoyalibeba: “ra ginda, rom moxdes?” (miznis dasaxva);gegmis dasaxva, romelsac sxva pirovnebasTan erTad ganaxorcielebs;gegmis ganxorcieleba, sirTuleebis gadalaxva da a.S.

socialuri unarebi

mosmenis kargi unari;Tavdajerebulobis unari saWiroebis Sesabamisad; patiebis Txovnisa da miRebis codna.

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garemos mniSvneloba

mniSvnelovani azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobda imis Taobaze, ra aris socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebi (im sferoebis CaTvliT, romlebic safuZvlad udevs konfliqtis dareguli-rebas): “gamovlena” Tu “swavleba”? didi xania cnobilia, rom garemo – garemomcveli fizikuri aspeqtebi, sxva mniSvnelovan pirTa qceva, gzavnilebi, romelTac Tavad vawvdiT sxvadasxva faseulobaTa Sesaxeb - is mniSvnelovani faqtorebia, romlebic aviTarebs socialur, emociur da qceviT Cvevebs moswavleebSi. aSkaraa, rom mxolod prevenciuli saswavlo programebiT bevrs verafers mivaRwevT. inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis depar-tamentis mixedviT, aseT programebs

mxolod maSin eqneba Sedegi, Tu Seesabameba saerTo situacias sko-laSi da Tu samuSao garemocva skolaSi mxars uWers am ideebs... amgva rad, is, rac xdeba saklaso oTaxis gareT, unda ganamtkicebdes imas, rac xdeba saklaso oTaxis SigniT. es niSnavs, rom Tavad maswav-leblebi unda aCendnen imave pativiscemas, tolerantobas, siTbosa da mxardaWeras, ris swavlebasac apireben moswavleTaTvis.

kvleva gviCvenebs, rom garda zogadad xelSemwyobi da poziti-uri garemocvisa, ufro da ufro meti faqti adasturebs cxa-di, awyobili da progresuli saswavlo elementebis danergvis aucileblobas, raTa socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebi ganviTardes rac SeiZleba efeqtiani gziT (ix. Tavi 6).

socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis kurikulumis warmatebuli swavlebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi

socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis saswavlo kuriku-lumi socialur, emociur da qceviT unarebs gardaqmnis marti-vad Camoyalibebul da, amasTan, specifikur sagnad, romelsac sesiebisaTvis Sesaferisi saswavlo miznebi eqneba. kurikulumi moswavleebTan aris SeTanxmebuli da imgvarad Camoyalibebuli, rom moswavleebi mixvdnen, iyvnen Tu ara warmatebulni. yvelaze efeqtian programebSi erTvebian mSoblebic da gamoikveTeba TanamSromelTa ganviTarebis zogierTi forma.

socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis moqmedebis areal-Si moswavleebis codnisa da Segnebis siRrme droisa da miRe-buli gamocdilebis Sesabamisad icvleba. garda amisa, qcevis efeqturoba (rogoricaa konfliqtis daregulireba), icvleba asakis Sesabamisadac – is, rac misaRebia 7 wlis asakSi, 15 wlis asakisTvis SeiZleba Sesaferisi ar iyos. amdenad, arsebobs sag-


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nis regularulad gadaxedvis aucilebloba. swored amis gamo, socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis an konfliqtis me-nejmentis programebi xSirad iyeneben spiraluri kurikulu-mis models, romelSic erTsa da imave sferos regularulad ubrundebian, riTac qmnian SesaZleblobas, rom adre danergil unarebs daamaton imave asakisa an ganviTarebis donisTvis metad Sesaferisi savarjiSoebi da resursebi.

rogori srulyofilic unda iyos programa an pozitiuri ga-remocva, swavleba socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis kursebze (magaliTad, Temaze: konfliqtisadmi midgomis axali gzebi) mainc abstraqtul doneze darCeba, Tu regularulad da Tanmimdevrulad ar ganmtkicdeba. axal codnas mswrafl gada-faravs ”standartuli”, avtomaturi pasuxebi, romlebic indi-vids adre aqvs Seswavlili konfliqtis regulirebasTan dakav-SirebiT. Cveni mizania, SevcvaloT amgvari avtomaturi pasuxebi da SevTavazoT axali, cxovrebiseuli situaciebidan aRebuli arCevani, romelic, sabolood, Secvlis adre naswavl pasuxebs, xSirad uaryofiTi Sedegebic rom moaqvs. aRsaniSnavia, rom Cve-ni mizani im pasuxebis “aRmofxvra” ki ar aris, romlebic ukidu-resad saWiro da gamosadegi aRmoCndeba garkveul situaciebSi, aramed, arCevanisa da strategiaTa sferos gafarToeba. ingli-sis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentis 2002 wlis gamok-vlevebma aCvenes, rom:

programebi, romelTa Amizania emociuri da socialuri kompeten-ciebis Seqmna, unda Seicavdnen farTomasStabian, yoveldRiur, regularul da winaswar gansazRvrul samuSaos, raTa kurikulumis paralelurad ganaviTaron specifikuri unarebi da ganamtkicon isini moswavleTa realuri cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiT, mTeli skolis masStabiT.

qvemoT moyvanili magaliTi gvaCvenebs, rogor Seiqmna sacdeli programa, romelic uzrunvelyofda “mravalmxriv, yoveldRi-ur da regularul” SesaZleblobebs, socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis kursebze Seswavlili masalis srulyofis, gamyarebisa da praqtikaSi ganxorcielebisaTvis, agreTve, spi-raluri kurikulumis saswavlo mizniT gamoyenebisaTvis.

sacdeli programis meTodis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi

meTodi gvTavazobs gansakuTrebul aqtivobebs moswavleebSi specialur gakveTilebze socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis, amasTan, uamrav SesaZleblobas kurikulumis sxvadasxva sferoSi, raTa ufro ganamtkicos so-cialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis kurikulumis Seswavla

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da xeli Seuwyos swavlebis ganzogadebas. magaliTad, rodesac socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis Temaa ”arakomfor-tuli grZnobebis marTva”, maswavleblebs moeTxovebaT yurad-Rebis gamaxvileba am sakiTxis sxvadasxva aspeqtze, sxvadasxva sagnis gakveTilebze. sagangebo yuradReba, SesaZloa, daeTmos Semdeg sakiTxebs:

rogor umklavdebian moswavleebi imedis gacruebas, rode-yysac cudi moswreba aqvT proeqtirebasa da teqnologiur sag nebSi? rogor xvdebian nawarmoebebis mTavari gmirebi winaaRmde-yygobas da sirTuleebs, rogor marTaven TavianT grZnobebs da ra sityvebiT gamoxataven amas inglisur enaze?ras grZnoben moswavleebi, rodesac hgoniaT, rom unda gae-yymarjvaT, an ukeT eTamaSaT – rogor agvareben uTanxmoebas da konfliqtebs sportSi?rogor moxda zedmet drosTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtis yydaregulireba istoriis klasSi?

mowodebuli gakveTilebis modelTa gegmebi unda Seesabame-bodes Temebs.

socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis kursebze Seswav-lili masalis ganmtkicebisaTvis gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs mTel skolaSi Tanmimdevrulobis, saerTo praqtikisa da saer-To enis arsebobas. magaliTad, Tu sacdeli programis meTodi sTavazobs akrostixs, raTa moswavleebma ukeT daimaxsovron konfliqtis warmatebiT mogvarebisaTvis aucilebeli elemen-tebi, sasurvelia, rom skolaSi momuSave yvela zrdasrulma adamianma (maswavleblebma, maswavlebelTa asistentebma, sadi-lis Sesvenebis zedamxedvelebma, momsaxure personalma da a.S.) Seiswavlos da gamoiyenos igi.

skolisaTvis gaTvaliswinebulia bevri sxva meTodic. “kon-fliqtis daregulirebis” akrostixis garda, esenia:

problemebis gadawyvetis SemoTavazebuli erTgvari wesebi;yySemoTavazebuli wesebi moswavleebis dasaxmareblad saku-yyTar da sxvaTa grZnobebis identifikaciis, markirebisa da gagebisaTvis (posterebis, TamaSebis, fotoebis, moTxrobe-bisa da a.S. CaTvliT); “problemebis mogvarebis” strategia; yyideebi “damSvidebisaTvis”.yy

Careva yvelaze warmatebulia maSin, rodesac maswavleblebi da mSoblebi/meurveebi erT gundad muSaoben da moswavleebs Tanmimdevrul miTiTebebs aZleven. sacdeli programis meTodi


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moswavleebs sTavazobs masalebsa da saswavlo saSualebebs, romelTa Sin, mSoblebTan waRebac SeiZleba. agreTve, uzrun-velyofs maT werilebiTa da sainformacio furclebiT, rom-lebic exmareba skolas mSoblebisaTvis informaciis miwodeba-Si, saqmis kursSi rom amyofon isini. skolebs evalebaT, moawyon regularuli Sexvedrebi mSoblebTan da maqsimalurad CarTon isini muSaobaSi.

moswavleebisaTvis aucilebelia, hqondeT axali unarebis praq-tikaSi “usafrTxo” gamoyenebis saSualeba. Cven ar vgzavniT axal beda mZRolebs gadatvirTul trasebze manqanis marTvaSi savarjiSod. roca mrisxanebis marTvas an erTi problemis meo-risgan gansxvavebas swavloben, moswavleebs sWirdebaT gam-xneveba, aRiareba, mxardaWera da iqneb karnaxi an Sexsenebac ki.

meTodi mozrdilebs mouwodebs, yuradRebiT moekidnon SEBS-is ganmtkicebisa da ganviTarebis yoveldRiur SesaZleblobebs – magaliTad, Tanatolebis wakinklaveba sasadilo darbazSi gamoiyenon imisaTvis, rom “gamoscadon” konfliqtis mogvare-basTan dakavSirebiT Seswavlili masala. es ganamtkicebs ndo-bas usafrTxo garemosadmi, sadac maswavlebeli “msajis” rolSi gvevlineba. imisaTvis, rom es roli Seasrulon, mozrdilebs Tavadac sWirdebaT SesaZlebloba, gamocdilebis, codnisa da Tavdajerebulobis gamosavlenad.

sacdeli programis meTodSi gamoyenebuli struqtura aris spiraluri kurikulumis modeli. meTodi iyofa Svid “Temad”, romelTagan TiToeuli or Tves grZeldeba da iwyeba da mTavrdeba sayovelTao-saskolo krebiT. es “Temebia”:

axali wamowyebaniyywarmateba da amovardnayymiznis midevnebayykargi ganwyobilebayyarakomfortuli grZnobebiyycvlilebayydaSinebayy

xuTive ZiriTadi sfero (TviTanalizi, empaTia, grZnobaTa mar-Tva, motivacia, socialuri unarebi) muSavdeba etapobrivad mTeli kursis manZilze, erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. TiToeuli etapi moicavs moqnil ideebs gakveTilebisaTvis da meTodebs (iseve, rogorc Tanmimdevrul muSaobas saklaso oTaxebSi), agreTve, TvalsaCino bmulebsa da azrebs im TemasTan dakavSire-biT, romelsac kurikulumi iTvaliswinebs. amgvari midgomis mizania is, rom gansxvavebulma asakobrivma jgufebma imuSaon saerTo Temis sxvadasxva aspeqtze da saboloo krebaze warmoad-

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ginon Tavisi miRwevebi da erTad gaaSuqon swavlis Sedegebi. amgvarad, moswavle, romelic 3 wlis asakSi Sedis skolaSi da 11 wlis asakSi tovebs mas, TiToeul Temas Svidjer “ubrundeba”.

uwyveti uzrunvelyofa yvela moswavlis saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad

socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis sayovelTao swavle-bis azri is aris, rom yovel Cvengans iseve sWirdeba daxmareba sakuTari unarebis gaumjobesebaSi emociuri ganaTlebis kuT-xiT, rogorc sxva akademiur sferoebSi. Tumca, es ar gamoric-xavs imas, rom yovelTvis iarsebeben moswavleebi, romelTaTvis es Zalisxmeva sakmarisi ar iqneba. bavSvebi, romelTac ar aqvT Sesabamisi gamocdileba, an romelTa emociuri ganviTareba raime mizezis gamo dabrkolda, albaT, met yuradRebas da mud-miv mxardaWeras saWiroeben socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis TvalsazrisiT.

aman, SeiZleba, sxvadasxva forma miiRos, kerZod, Seiqmnas damatebiTi an diferencirebuli swavlebis SesaZlebloba, raTa ifiqron, gaaanalizon da ganiviTaron Segneba, gamoavlinon una rebi, magaliTad, mrisxanebis marTvis an Tavdajerebulobis gamtkicebis. xSirad, aman SeiZleba patara jgufebTan muSaobis formac miiRos.

axalgazrdebs damatebiTi daxmareba sWirdebaT maSin, roca cdiloben, Tavad moerion imas, rac aucxoebs maT Tanatolebi-sa an mozrdilebisagan. es daxmareba SeiZleba iyos pirovnuli, xSirad ki multi-profesiuli. yvelaze mgrZnobiare moswavlee-bisTvis, erTgvarad, progresis winapirobaa stabiluri urTi-erToba mozrdil adamianTan, romelic maTTvis mniSvnelova-nia. idealur SemTxvevaSi, es aris piri, romelsac moswavle Ta-vad irCevs, Tu es SesaZlebelia da romelic realur interess amJRavnebs aseTi moswavlisa Tu misi warmatebis mimarT. mosa-lodnelia, rom moswavle mniSvnelovan progress miaRwevs, Tu arsebobs aseTi pirovnebac da gansakuTrebuli daxmarebis geg-mac, romelic mis saWiroebebs da swavlebis stils Seesabameba.

pasuxi kiTxvaze – ukeT rogor SevuwyobT xels socialuri, emo-ciuri da qceviTi Cvevebis damkvidrebas skolebSi, sam faqtors gamoyofs:

garemo pirobebi, romelSic SesaZlebeli iqneba socialuri, yyemociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis gamovlena, ris stimulire-basac veswrafiT;


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socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis saswavlo kuriku-yylumi, zemoT aRwerili damaxasiaTebeli niSnebiT;

uwyveti uzrunvelyofa, romelzec yvela moswavles aqvs yyufleba da romelic maT sTavazobs diferencirebul dax-marebas saWiroebis Sesabamisad.

models, romelsac, Cveulebriv, sacdeli programa iyenebs sko-laSi an raionSi arsebuli akademiuri saSualebebis sqematuri aRricxvisaTvis, “talRovani samkuTxedi” ewodeba. skolebSi socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis mxardaWerisa da gan-viTarebisaTvis arsebuli saSualebebi martivad gamoisaxeba sqemis saxiT aRniSnuli samkuTxedis meSveobiT.

moswavleebSi socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis mxardaWerisa da ganviTarebisaTvis arsebuli saSualebebis “talRovani” modeli

talRa 1 mxardaWera gulisxmobs nebismieri saxis Carevas, romelsac sargebloba moaqvs moswavlisaTvis. amis magali-Tad SeiZleba gamodges mTlianad skolis personalis treningi

“talRovani” modeli - socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis ganviTareba

damate-biTi,

Zalze personaluri

Careva

mcire jgufebis muSaoba bavSvebsa (romelTac un-

arebis ganviTarebisaTvis damatebiTi daxmareba esaWiroe-

baT) da maT mSoblebTan.

socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi unare-bis maRalxarisxiani swavleba yvela bavSvi-

saTvis; efeqtiani saerTo-saskolo politika da struqtura emociuri janmrTelobisa da keTil-

dReobis xelSesawyobad.

talRa 3

talRa 2

talRa 1

DfES: qcevisa da daswrebis gaumjobesebapirveladi da saSualo

nacionaluri strategia

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samu Sao adgilidan mouwyvetlad qcevis menejmentSi an urT-ierTobebis formirebaSi; personalis mxardaWeris meqanizme-bis an skolis saerTo politikis ganviTareba. SEBS-is sruli kurikulumi aq Zalze gamosadegi iqneba, rogorc universaluri saSualeba.

talRa 2 mxardaWera gulisxmobs nebismieri saxis Carevas, romelic mxolod zogierT moswavles sWirdeba. igi SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes moswavleTa mcire jgufebis mxardaWeras, romelTac sWirdebaT socialuri, mrisxanebis marTvis an Tana-tolebTan urTierTobis unarebis ganviTareba.

talRa 3 mxardaWera gulisxmobs yvelaze mgrZnobiare indi-videbis erTierTze an intensiur mxardaWeras. xSirad aseT mos-wavleebs aqvT iseTi seriozuli, xangrZlivi da mravalferovani problemebi, romlebic moiTxoven specialistebis mravalpro-filiani gundis daxmarebas da a.S.

ueWvelia, rom amJamadac bevri ram keTdeba skolebSi moswavleTa socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis ganviTarebis mxar-dasaWerad. inglisSi arsebuli nacionaluri kurikulumi ukve Seicavs socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis elementebs, magaliTad, saero da religiuri ganaTleba, agreTve, regularu-li saskolo krebebi. bevrma skolam ukve danerga mTeli rigi siax-leebi (magaliTad, saskolo sabWoebi da TanatolTa Suamdgomlo-ba), rac exmareba moswavleebs socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi. sxvebi mimarTaven wriul meca dineobebs da meTodebs, rogoricaa filosofia bavSvebisaTvis, romelic ganaviTarebs moswavleTa SesaZleblobas, gaiazron sxvi si Sexed-ulebebi da gaaanalizon sakuTari grZnobebi da qceva.

sacdelma kvlevam aCvena, rom resursma mraval skolas SesTava-za erTgvari CarCo, romelmac aRniSnuli elementebi gaamTli-ana skolis ZiriTad koncefciebsa da RirebulebebTan, saswav-lo miznebs, saerTo enasa da yvelasaTvis misaReb gagebas rom ukavSirdeba.

savarjiSo 4.3: arsebuli mdgomareobis ufro Rrma analizi

savarjiSo 4.2-Si mocemul Tvalsazrisebze dayrdnobiT, tal-Rovani modelis gamoyeneba sxvagvaradac SeiZleba. kerZod, aRniSnulis garda, SeiZleba gamoixatos is, rasac ukve akeTebs skola socialur, emociur da qceviTi Cvevebs ganviTarebisT-vis TiToeul talRaze.


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SegiZliaT gaiTvaliswinoT Semdegi damatebiTi sakiTxebi:

ramdenad Seesabameba skolis idealebi da garemo socia-yyluri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis miznebs, romelTac veswrafiT moswavleTa sakeTildReod?

ra ZiriTadi codna, unarebi da Segneba ganuviTardebaT mos-yywavleebs amgvari muSaobiT?

ramdenad efeqtiania amgvari Careva ganviTarebis sasurveli yygziT warmarTvisaTvis?

ramdenad Sesaferisia swavlebis gamoyenebuli meTodebi yymoswavleTa socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis gan-viTarebisTvis?

rogor unda Sefasdes progresi?yy

ras vakeTebT namdvilad kargad?yy

sad gvaqvs xarvezebi?yy

ra SeiZleba gavakeToT gansxvavebulad?yy

“talRovani” modeli - socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis ganviTareba

damate-biTi,

Zalze personaluri

Careva

mcire jgufebis muSao-ba bavSvebsa (romelTac

unarebis ganviTarebisaT-vis damatebiTi daxmareba es-

aWiroebaT) da maT mSoblebTan.

socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi un-arebis maRalxarisxiani swavleba yvela

bavSvisaTvis; efeqtiani saerTo-saskolo politika da struqtura emociuri janmrTelo-

bisa da keTildReobis xelSesawyobad.

talRa 3

talRa 2

talRa 1

inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentis: qcevisa da daswrebis gaumjobeseba

pirveladi da saSualo

nacionaluri strategia

skolis muSaoba

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mzadeba ganxorcielebisaTvis

sacdelma programam moamzada niadagi imisaTvis, rom warmate-buli yofiliyo socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis iniciativa. arsebobs ori mTavari amocana, romlebic aucile-blad unda Sesruldes: pirveli - skolis sazogadoebis motiva-cia da Tanxmobis miReba da meore - mozrdilTaTvis damxmare meqanizmebis momzadeba da amoqmedeba.

skolis sazogadoebis motivacia da Tanxmobis miReba

mosalodnelia, rom Tavs iCens garkveuli faqtorebi, rom-lebic Caaqrobs Tavdapirvel enTuziazms, SemoTavazebul cvli lebebs rom axlavs, sabolood ki, aqrobs dainteresebul mxareTa motivacias, mxari dauWiron siaxles (rogorc es xdeba xolme axali iniciativebis SemTxvevaSi). gamocdilebam uCvena, rom qvemoT CamoTvlili pirobebis arsebobisas, izrdeba war-matebis miRwevis Sansebi:

ufrosi liderebi kompleqsurad da valdebulebis grZnobiT yyekidebian principebs da gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvT, rom maTi warmatebuli ganxorcielebisaTvis saWiroa mxardaWera;

sargebelisa da warmatebis kriteriumebi naTelia yvela yydainteresebuli mxarisaTvis. es ar gulisxmobs mxolod “moZalade da wesrigis damrRvevi” umciresobis saWiroeba-Ta dakmayofilebas. konvivensiis sargebloba moaqvs yvela-saTvis. dainteresebul mxareTagan “monawileobis Sesyidva” Zalze mniSvnelovania, radgan mas mohyveba sargeblobis “mi-yidva” skolis personalis, mSoblebis, moswavleebisa da sa-zogadoebisaTvis.

skolis kritikulad ganwyobili personali iziarebs so-yycialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis ganviTarebis mniS-vnelobas (SesaZloa, Tavidanve ar miiRon da saWiro gaxdes mosamzadebeli samuSaos Catareba).

mSoblebi, mmarTvelebi da ZiriTadi dainteresebuli mxa-yyreebi adreul etapzeve unda gaecnon iniciativas, icodnen potenciuri xarjebisa da sargebelis Sesaxeb;

moswavleebma unda gaiazron, ras da risTvis akeTeben. maT yyunda hqondeT xmis ufleba dagegmvisa da Sefasebis proces-Si (magaliTad, CaerTnon im kriteriumebis gansazRvris pro-cesSi, romelic warmatebas aCvenebs).

iniciativis warmatebis sawindari xSirad (zemoaRniSnulis gar-da) aris “drois sworad SerCeva”. ra warmatebasac unda gpirde-bodnen, programa ganwiruli iqneba, Tuki ubralod, araswor


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dros daigegmeba. Semdegi savarjiSo mkiTxvels sTavazobs Ses-aZleblobas, gaiTvaliswinos es mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, Zalian martivi meTodis gamoyenebiT, romelic 1991 wels fulanma Se-mogvTavaza. am avtoris azriT, yovelTvis, roca vgegmavT raime saxis cvlilebas an Carevas, gasaTvaliswinebelia sami faqtori: Sesabamisoba, mzadyofna da resursi.

savarjiSo 4.4: Sesabamisoba, mzadyofna da resursi

Tqven SegiZliaT gansazRvroT, mzad aris Tu ara Tqveni skola socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis kurikulumis ini-ciativis gansaxorcieleblad misi Sesabamisobis, mzadyofnisa da resursebis TvalsazrisiT. SegiZliaT daiyoT wyvilebad an mcire jgufebad da imsjeloT qvemoT dasmul kiTxvebze, Semdeg ki erT jgufad gaerTiandeT Semdgomi safexurebis asarCevad.

Sesabamisoba

ramdenad Seesabameba socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cveve-bis kurikulumis iniciativa Cvens saWiroebebs? risi miRweva gvsurs?

mzadyofna

ramdenad mzad varT am saqmis dasawyebad? ra unda moxdes, rom Cveni warmateba uzrunvelyos? SesaZlebeli iqneboda Tu ara sxva dros ramis Secvla?

resursi

ra resursebi gvaqvs drois, personalisa da finansebis Tval-sazrisiT, raTa daviwyoT, ganvaxorcieloT, vakontroloT da SevafasoT amgvari iniciativa?

skolaSi momuSave mozrdilebis momzadeba da daxmareba

imis gamo, rom socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis ganvi-Tarebaze zemoqmedeba eqneba saskolo cxovrebis yvela aspeqts, Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom saskolo personals (sadilis Sesve-nebis zedamxedvelebis, meurveebis, samdivno da administraci-uli personalis CaTvliT) xeli miuwvdebodes saTanado infor-maciasa da ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebze. es imas niSnavs, rom unda arsebobdes mxardaWerisa da momzadebis saSualebebi moz-rdilTaTvis, romelTac sxvadasxva roli akisriaT skolaSi. aucilebelia, rom personali:

icnobdes socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis kuri-yykulumis filosofias Tu struqturas da piradad mis rols amis miwodebaSi;

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icnobdes programis yvela saerTo-saskolo elements – yyrogoricaa, magaliTad, konfliqtis mogvarebis erTgvari wesebi;

icodes (da damuSavebulic hqondes) is sakvanZo sakiTxebi, yyromlebsac TiToeuli Tema Seiswavlis moswavleebTan er-Tad, amasTan, rogor SeZlebs TiToeuli piri skolaSi maT ganmtkicebas. magaliTad, moswavleTa “gamoWeriT” sikeTis Cadenis/sibrazis daokebis momentSi da a.S. (NB: “gamoWera” erT-erTi xerxia, moswavleTaTvis damsaxurebisamebr misa-gebad);

hqondes socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis da kon-yyfliqtebis gadaWris sakuTari unarebis, codnisa da gagebis ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba, rogorc afeqtur, aseve Semec-nebiT doneze.

garda amisa, unda dainergos iseTi sistemebi, romlebic uzrun-velyofen informaciis regularulad gacemis, miRebis, dis-kusiebis warmoebis, gadawyvetilebebis miRebisa da Sefasebis SesaZleblobaTa arsebobas da efeqtian moqmedebas, agreTve, maTi skolaSi gatarebis Tanmimdevrulobas.

mTel rig mizezTa gamo, treningisa da ganviTarebis SesaZle-blobebi, romelTa gansakuTrebuli mizania, daxmareba gauwios maswavleblebs moswavleTa socialur, emociur da qceviTi Cvevebs ganviTarebaSi, unda gansxvavdebodnen im SesaZleblo-baTagan, romlebic exmarebian mozrdilebs moswavleTaTvis akademiuri sagnebis – magaliTad, wera-kiTxvisa da maTemati-kis swavlebaSi. umTavresi gansxvavebani da maTTan brZolis gzebi, romlebic gamoiyeneboda sacdel programaSi, Camoyal-ibebulia dokumentSi: “maswavlebelTa daxmareba socialur, emociur da qceviTi Cvevebs kurikulumis ganxorcielebaSi: ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentis eqsperimenti” (ix. agreTve, Tavi 6);

savarjiSo 4.5: ras vfiqrobT Cvens SesaZleblobebze socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis kurikulumis

miwodebasTan dakavSirebiT?

imis gamosakvlevad, Tu rogoria personalis motivaciis, Tav-dajerebulobisa da aRqmis amJamindeli done, socialur, emo-ciur da qceviTi Cvevebs kurikulumis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT, sTxo veT maT, individualurad Seavson qvemoT mocemuli kiTx-vari. imisaTvis, rom sakiTxze saerTo warmodgena Segveqmnas, wyvilebsa da jgufebs SeuZliaT Semdgom Seajeron TavianTi


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pasuxebi an Seavson kiTxvarebi anonimurad da amis Semdeg Caaba-ron gasaanalizeblad.

moaTavseT Tqveni skola qvemoT mocemuli skalis romelime pun-qtze, romelTagan 1 aRniSnavs cud Sedegs, 10 ki - saukeTesos.

kiTxvari

did mniSvnelobas vaniWebT urTierTobebis xarisxs skolis SigniT – bavSvebs Soris, bavSvebsa da mozrdi-lebs Soris, mozrdilebsa da mozrdilebs Soris.

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kargad vmuSaobT erTad, rogorc gundi, gvaqvs mZime dReebic, magram saerTo ganwyobileba, ZiriTadad, kargia.

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personali erTad muSaobs dagegmvaze da exmareba erT-maneTs rTuli problemebis gadawyvetaSi.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Tvalyurs vadevnebT personalis keTildReobas, yuradRebas vaqcevT samuSao garemos da daxmarebas vuwevT erTmaneTs stresis daZlevasa da marTvaSi.

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uzrunvelvyofT, rom skolaSi iyos keTilganwyobili garemo da xels vuwyobT bavSvebisa da mozrdilebis keTildReobas – yuradRebas vaqcevT iseT detalebs, rogoricaa komfortuli samuSao adgilebi, sivrce, romelsac bavSvebi Tavisad Tvlian da sadac piradi nivTebis Senaxva SeuZliaT, wylis Sadrevnebi, sufTa da sasiamovno tualetebi, mravalferovani saTamaSo moednebi.

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bavSvebs xSirad vTxovT, gamoTqvan sakuTari azri skolisa da swavlebis SesaZleblobaTa GSesaxeb, romel-sac is sTavazobs. maTi azrebi, Tundac gamomwvevi, se-riozulad miiReba.

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personali acnobierebs, ra did gavlenas axdens bavS-vebze maTi qceva, Jestikulacia da pasuxebi. isini Ta-vad xdebian imgvari qcevis modeli, rasac qadageben.

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personali cdilobs, urTierTobebSi yovelTvis Seina rCunos pativiscema, maSinac ki, roca sapasuxod cud qcevas iRebs. isini kicxaven cud saqciels, magram ara bavSvs. cud saqciels ganixilaven mogvianebiT, roca emociuri daZabuloba ganeldeba.

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gvaqvs mravali saxis strategia, raTa xeli SevuwyoT bavSvebis keTildReobas. magaliTad, saskolo wreebi, Tanatolebis Suamavlobisa da damegobrebis sqemebi, yvela bavSvs aqvs SesaZlebloba, saWiroebis SemT-xvevaSi, pirispir esaubros mozrdils.

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programis miwodeba

socialur, emociur da qceviTi Cvevebis saswavlo kurikulumma naTeli da gasagebi unda gaxados socialur, emociur da qceviTi Cvevebs arsi. saswavlo miznebi cxadi unda iyos rogorc mozr-di lebis, ise moswavleTaTvis; am sakiTxebze, agreTve, warmate-bis kriteriumebze unda Catardes diskusiebi moswavleebTan.

imis uzrunvelsayofad, rom yvela moswavle, swavlebis sxva-dasxva stiliTa da gansxvavebuli piradi, kulturuli Tu gamocdilebis istoriiT, CaerTos da monawileoba miiRos muSaobaSi, unda gamoviyenoT mTeli rigi saswavlo strat-egiebisa, gansakuTrebiT ki isini, romlebic monawileobasa da gamocdilebas moiTxovs. socialur, emociur da qceviTi Cvevebis miwodebis Zlieri saSualebebia moTxrobebi, rolebis Sesruleba, eqspresiuli xelovneba, radgan naklebad “saSiSia” moswavleTaTvis, romelTac uWirT pirad gamocdilebaze sau-bari. Tumca, moswavleebs xSirad uCndebaT survili, daukav-Siron saklaso oTaxSi Catarebuli gakveTilebi TavianT axal, konkretul gamocdilebas – magaliTad, saTamaSo moedanze momxdar SemTxvevas, an kamaTs klasSi - rac Zalian mniSvnelova-nia swavlebis ganzogadebisaTvis.

socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis gakveTilebis struq-tura (inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentis meTo-di) aseTia:

gakveTili mTeli klasis, jgufis, wyvilis da individu-yyaluri muSaobis nazavia;

xSirad gakveTilis dasawyisSi mimarTaven “moTelvas”, raTa yySeqmnan iseTi garemo, sadac moswavleebi Tavs Tavisuflad igrZnoben TavianTi grZnobebisa da gamocdilebis gasa-ziareblad. amisaTvis gansakuTrebiT gamosadegia wreebSi TamaSebi da aqtivoba. gaerTianebul samefoSi aris bevri publikacia wreebSi TamaSebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gvTava-zobs ideebs amgvari aqtivobebisaTvis.

ZiriTad Temaze moswavleTa azrovnebis koncentraci-yyisaTvis, Cveulebriv, mimarTaven stimulirebas, zogjer sityvieri formiT – moTxrobis saxiT, zogjer vizualuri formiT, zogjer ki kinesTetikurad.

gakveTilis Semdeg, Cveulebriv, plenaruli sxdoma imarTeba, yyromelzec gamoiyofa swavlis ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, mowmdeba aRqma da ismis kiTxva: miRweulia Tu ara swavlis mizani?

bevri gakveTili mTavrdeba moswavleTa gamokiTxviT. maT yyTxoven, warmoadginon piradi gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra


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dadebiTi qmedebis Cadenas apireben / SeuZliaT miRebuli swavlis Sedegad.

am samuSaosTvis moswavleebs ganmtkicebuli unda hqon-yydeT ZiriTadi wesebi da sasurvelia, rom maT imeorebdnen gakveTilTa umetesobaze.

albaT, sasurveli iqneba, maswavlebelma gaiTvaliswinos moswavleTa gansxvavebuli motivacia da komfortis done, rac kulturasa da sqesTa Soris sxvaobas emyareba, aseve resurs-Si warmodgenili aqtivobebi. isini SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes kulturuli Taviseburebebidan da ganmtkicebis formebidan gamomdinare. magaliTad, zogierT kulturaSi cud tonad iT-vleba Tvalis gasworeba axalgazrda adamiansa da sazogadoebis ufros wevrs Soris. konfliqtis gadawyvetis saTanado mode-lebze msjelobisas, maswavleblebi meti gagebiT unda moekid-non amgvar sakiTxebs. moswavleebma unda icodnen, rom abso-luturad usafrTxo da bunebrivia (metic, Rirebuli), Tqvan: “saxl Si Cven vakeTebT/vakeTebdiT ase”, an “ase rom movqceuli-yavi, Cemi mSoblebi ifiqrebdnen, rom...” jansaR sazogadoebaSi, sadac afaseben da miesalmebian kulturul mravalferovnebas, mniSvnelovania, rom maswavleblebma gamoarCion gansxvavebani da Seqmnan interesisa da pativiscemis atmosfero. mniSvnelova-nia, rom naswavli masala ar “miebas” konkretul situaciebs, ara med ganzogaddes sxvadasxva konteqstSi. didi fasi ar eqneba swavlas, Tu socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebze sagange-bo yuradReba Semoifargleba skolis mxolod erTi SemTxvevi-Ti krebiT da momdevno TiTo-orola gakveTiliT. ukve aSkaraa, rom moswavleebs sWirdebaT axlad SeZenili unarebis praqtiku-li gamoyeneba, upirveles yovlisa, usafrTxo garemoSi - maswav-lebelTa an mozrdilTa meTvalyureobis qveS, Semdeg ki, Tanda-TanobiT, SesaZlebelia damoukidebel moqmedebaze gadasvla.

ganzogadebis mxardaWera - inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentis meTodi

zogierTi idea imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor davexmaroT moswavleebs, ganvamtkicoT swavleba, mivceT maT dro, gaiazron da ganazogadon miRebuli codna da miusadagon cxovrebiseul situaciebsa da konteqsts:

izruneT, rom skolis yvela TanamSromelma, rac SeiZle-yyba xSirad, mimarTos damSvidebasTan an problemis gadaw-yvetasTan dakavSirebul romelime wess, waaxalisos amgvari strategiebis gamoyeneba da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, qebac ar daiSuros;

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rogorc mozrdilebma, CamoayalibeT socialuri, emoci-yyuri da qceviTi Cvevebi unarebi da damSvidebis/ problemaTa gadawyvetis strategiebi da a.S. modelirebisaTvis gansa-kuTrebiT efeqtiani iqneba procesis xmamaRla gadmocema.

mudmivad miaqcieT yuradReba moswavleTa mxridan socialu-yyri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebs, nebismier adgilas (moswavleTa asakis Sesabamisad);

gamoiyeneT Seswavlili ZiriTadi strategiebi da pro-yytokolebi, raTa daexmaroT moswavleebs mTeli dRis gan-mavlobaSi, “namdvil” incidentebTan pirispir Sexvedrisas saklaso oTaxSi an saTamaSo moedanze;

skolaSi yvelgan gaakariT kiTxvebi, romlebic daisva kreba-yyze ise, rom moswavleebs, mSoblebsa da TanamSromlebs hqon-deT SesaZlebloba, miaweron TavianT azrebi;

daniSneT sayovelTao - saskolo RonisZieba garkveuli pe-yyriodisTvis, romelzec skolis yvela wevri, mozrdilebic da bavSvebic, gafacicebiT daakvirdebian erTsa da imave qcevas (rogoricaa damSvidebis meTodebis gamoyeneba, aseve problemis gadawyveta yvirilis gareSe);

moawyveT saerTo-saskolo dajildoebis ceremonia skolis yymisaRebSi, sasadilo darbazSi da a.S.

sTxoveT mozrdilebs, rom dRis ganmavlobaSi Seaxsenon mo-yyswavleebs socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis Sesa-xeb, xolo moswavleebma gaaSuqon, rogori warmatebiT imu-Saves da iTamaSes erTad.

ZiriTadi sakiTxebiD

ueWvelia, rom xelsayrel garemoSi gamoyenebisas, kuriku-lumze damyarebuli socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cveve-bis programebi, romlebic gamoirCeva am TavSi aRwerili max-asiaTeblebiT, iqneba es farTo, Tu viwro gagebiT (magali-Tad, zogadad socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis gan-viTareba an mxolod calkeuli sakiTxis, vTqvaT, problemis gadawyvetis mogvareba), axalgazrdebis winaSe sul sxva gva-rad warmoaCens Zaladobisa da agresiis gamoyenebas. Tu mo-swavleebsa da axalgazrdebs konfliqtis marTvis saSua-lebebiT aRvWurvavT da meTodologiurad ganvuviTarebT socialur, emociur da qceviT unarebs, aseve mivawvdiT codnasa da Segnebas, aRniSnuli unarebi rom efuZneba, amiT SevTavazebT Zaladobisa da agresiis alternariul gzas sa-kuTari miznebis misaRwevad.


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am TavSi gaziarebulia inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis de-partamentis swavlebis gamocdileba. sagangebo yuradReba gamaxvilebulia im faqtorebze, romlebic, kvlevebisa da gamocdilebis SedegebiT, gavlenas axdens programis efeq-tianobaze. es faqtorebia:

im RonisZiebaTa sqematuri gamosaxvis aucilebloba, rom-yylebic ukve xorcieldeba skolaSi socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis mxardasaWerad;

Sesabamisobis, mzadyofnisa da resursebis arsebobis gaT-yyvaliswinebis aucilebloba;

personalis momzadebisa da mxardaWerisaTvis saWiro saSu-yyalebaTa uzrunvelyofis aucilebloba;

mSobelTa CarTva;yy

saerTo ena da moqmedeba mozrdilebs Soris;yy

swavlis ganmtkicebis xelSewyoba kurikulumis yvela sfe-yyroSi;

spiraluri kurikulumis gamoyeneba ganvlili masalis game-yyorebisa da progresisaTvis;

codnis miRebis naTlad Camoyalibebuli miznis arsebobis yyaucilebloba;

masalis gadacema – swavlebisa da Seswavlis gamoyenebuli yystruqtura da stili;

kulturaTa da sqesTa Soris sxvaobaze damyarebuli prob-yylemebis gaTvaliswineba da swavlebis ganzogadebis gzebi.

inglisis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentis sacdeli me-Todi winamdebare TavSi warmodgenilia, rogorc sailustracio magaliTi, magram es ar aris erTaderTi arsebuli programa – am saxelmZRvanelos bibliografiaSi miTiTebulia informaciis sxva wyaroebi da programebi. am Tavis mizani iyo, moemzadebina mkiTxveli zogierTi sakiTxisaTvis, romelic socialuri, emo-ciuri da qceviTi Cvevebis kurikulumSia ganxiluli da rome-lic mimarTulia skolebSi Zaladobisa da agresiis aRmofxvri-saken. marTalia, zogierTi sakiTxi SeiZleba ar Seesabamebodes sxva qveynebis konteqsts, garemo pirobebs, kulturebs an sxva-dasxva asakobriv diapazons moicavdes, magram vimedovnebT, rom Seicavs zogierT miniSnebas da amosaval wertils, romelic garkveul daxmarebas gauwevs Cvens kolegebs “saswavlo mogzau-robis mowyobaSi”.

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Tavi 5moswavleTa CarTva

moswavleTa winamZRolobiT Zaladobis aRmofxvris strategiis SemuSaveba

helen koui


miiRon informacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu moswavleTa wina-yymZRolobiT Zaladobis AaRmofxvris ra strategiebi arse-bobs evropul skolebSi;

konkretuli magaliTebis ganxilvis safuZvelze gamoik-yyvlion, rogor CaerTvebian moswavleebi Zaladobis AaRmofx-vrisaken mimarTul procesebSi;

miusadagon es gamocdileba TavianT skolebSi arsebul yysituacias;

gansazRvron, rogor amcirebs yoCobis SemTxvevebs Zalado-yybis aRmofxvris strategia, romelsac moswavleebi warmar-Taven.

TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebi

am TavSi yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebze – strategiebze, romlebsac Tavad axalgazrdebi warmarTaven skolebSi Zaladobis problemis mosagvareblad. aq aRwerili meTodebi daexmareba skolebs iseTi sazogadoebis CamoyalibebaSi, sadac faseulia urTierTobebi, xolo adami-anTa urTierTobis safuZvelia urTierTpativiscema da Tanam-Sromloba.

arsebiTad, aseT midgomebs moicavs TanatolTa daxmarebis farTo kategoria. TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebi axalgaz-rdebs ganusazRvravs erTgvar CarCoebs, romlis farglebSic isini win aRudgebian agresias, roca ki Tavs iCens igi. amasTan, isini iZenen gamocdilebas araZaladobrivi faseulobebis gav-rcelebaSi skolis ufro farTo konteqstSi. mniSvnelovania, TanatolTa daxmarebis SesaZlo gansxvavebul modelTa Soris SeirCes swored is, romelic ukeT ergeba konkretuli skolis

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saWiroebebs. qvemoT moyvanilia TanatolTa daxmarebis is mode-lebi, romlebic warmatebiTaa danergili evropul qveynebSi.

TanamSromlobiTi jgufuri muSaoba

es aris TanatolTa daxmarebis erT-erTi yvelaze fundamen-turi meTodi (koui da sxv., 1994). miznis misaRwevad mniSvnelo-vania, personali amkvidrebdes TanamSromlobis Rirebulebebs, aZlierebdes prosocialur qcevasa da ndobaze damyarebul TanamSromlobiT urTierTobebs. amasTan, icnobdes moswavleTa individualur Tvisebebs. TanamSromlobiTi jgufuri muSaoba erT-erTi meTodia, romelic saswavlo procesis nawilia da so-ciumze orientirebul Rirebulebebs aviTarebs. misi formebia: individualuri muSaoba jgufSi (mag: moswavleebi waradgenen da ganixilaven sakuTar proeqtebs jgufSi); individualuri muSaoba calkeul elementebze erToblivi Sedegis misaRebad (mag: moswavleebi ganixilaven Temis sxvadasxva aspeqts, Semdeg erTad kreben maT, asawyobi Tavsatexis nawilebis msgavsad, jgufuri prezentaciisaTvis an jgufis resursebis paketis Sesaqmnelad); erToblivad muSaoba saerTo SedegisaTvis (mag: moswavleebi erTad gegmaven da qmnian “rolur TamaSs” skolaSi Zaladobis Temis garSemo).

damegobreba /daamxanageba

damegobrebis/daamxanagebis sistema erTi an ramodenime mos-wavlis Tanatol “megobarze” an “amxanagze” mimagrebas gulis-xmobs. aseTi aqtiuri Mmosmenebi ZiriTadad arformalur ga-remoSi xdeba, rogoricaa saTamaSo moedani Sesvenebisas. Cve-ulebriv, “megobrebi” arian moxalise Tanatoli an ufrosi mo-swavleebi, romelTac irCevs personali maTi pirovnuli Tvise-bebis gaTvaliswinebiT. zogierT sistemaSi moqmedi “megobrebi” “moxaliseTa” interviuirebisa da SerCevis procesSic arian CarTulni. rogorc wesi, es axalgazrdebi specialur trenings gadian interpersonalur unarebSi, rogorebicaa aqtiuri mos-mena, damajerebloba da liderobis unari.

TanatolTa Suamavloba /konfliqtebis daregulireba / aRdgeniTi midgomebi

aq bavSvebi iwvrTnebian pirovnebebs Soris warmoqmnili uTan-xmoebebis ganmuxtvaSi, rac miiRweva modave Tanatolebs So-ris problemis gadaWris gziT. am meTodis Sedegia agresiuli moqme debebiT gamowveuli incindentebis mniSvnelovani Sesus-teba (kaningemi da sxv. 1998). es aris meTodi “aravinaa damnaSave”

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da misi mizania, mokamaTeebi daSordnen “yaimiT”, dadebiTi gan-wyo biT da SegrZnebiT, rom Sedegi orive mxrisaTvis Tanabrad sa sar geblo da samarTliania. Suamavloba emyareba mosmenis unars, romelic nabij-nabij exmareba mokamaTe pirebs, SeTan-xmdnen orive mxarisaTvis misaReb Sedegze.

aRdgeniTi molaparakebebi, iseve rogorc aRdgeniTi marTl-msajuleba (ix. Tavi 3) uzrunvelyofs konfliqtisas SeTanxme-bis miRwevas, wyenis mizezis gacnobierebas, saxavs urTierTo-bebis aRdgenis gzebs.

Tanatolis mosmenis ganviTarebuli forma

am meTodis saSualebiT (zogjer mas TanatolTa konsultire-basac uwodeben) moswavleebi rCevis micemis ZiriTad unarebs iZenen, raTa SeZlon ufro mowesrigebuli, struqturirebuli mosmena. aqtiuri mosmenis meTodi damegobrebisa da Suamavlo-bis midgomebze ufro Sors midis da ukve iseT Carevad iqceva, romelic ufro Ria konsultaciebis gawevas iTvaliswinebs (de-taluri miTiTebebi ix. koui da uolasi, 2000). moswavleTa dam-xmare pirebs aswavlian (Cveulebriv, kvalificiuri konsultan-tebi da fsiqologebi), rogor gamoiyenon aqtiuri mosmena ga-saWirSi myofi Tanatolis dasaxmareblad. am midgomis mizania, damxmare pirebis aRWurva iseTi unarebiT, romlebic maT saSu-alebas miscems, gadaWran problemuri sakiTxebi TanatolTa urTierTobebSi; daexmaron socialuri gariyvisa da Zalado-bis msxverplT; pasuxi moTxovon TanatolTa mimarT agresiul moswavleebs. am midgomis umTavresi niSania mudmivi zedamxed-veloba kvalificiuri konsultantis an TanamSromelTa mxri-dan, romlebic TanatolTa daxmarebis sqemas warmarTaven.

asakobrivi jgufebi, romelTa momzadebac metad efeqtiania TanatolTa daxmarebis sxvadasxva tipisaTvis

qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi warmodgenilia TanatolTa daxmare-bis sxvadasxva modelis Sesabamisi asakobrivi jgufebi:

7-9 weli 9-11 weli 11-18 weli

SeTanxmebuli jgufuri muSaoba ki ki ki

damegobreba/daamxanageba ki ki ki

mediacia /konfliqtebis mogvareba

ara ki ki

Tanatolis mosmenis ganviTarebuli forma

ara ara ki

Tavi 5 - moswavleTa CarTva

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TanatolTa daxmarebis gamoyenebis upiratesobani

am gziT moswavleTa mobilizebas TanatolTa dasaxmareblad bevri upiratesoba aqvs. kerZod:

Tanatolebi Zaladobas aRmoaCenen gacilebiT adreul sta-yydiaSi, vidre ufrosebi;

axalgazrdebi meti xalisiT ixsnebian TanatolebTan, vidre yyufrosebTan;

Zaladobis msxverpls ukve hyavs iseTi adamiani, visac dax-yymarebisaTvis mimarTavs da, misi TvalTaxedviT, skola iRebs zomebs problemis winaaRmdeg;

xSirad TanamSromlebs ar hyofniT dro da resursebi, gaum-yyklavdnen yoveldRiur interpersonalur problemebs;

Tanatoli damxmareebi iZenen Rirebul interpersonalur yyunarebs da xedaven im CarCos, romlis farglebSic aqtiur moqalaqeobriv qmedebas swavloben;

droTa ganmavlobaSi skola mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis yymxridan aRiqmeba, rogorc organizacia, romelic misi mos-wavleebis keTildReobaze zrunavs;

TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebi sTavazobs sasargeblo yykavSirebs sxva samsaxurebsa da organizaciebs.

faqtobrivad, ise xdeba, rom “Tanatol damxmareTa” Soris yo-velTvis bevria iseTi axalgazrda, romlebic Tavad iyvnen Zaladobis msxverplni. isini Zaladobis msxverplT mxolod TanagrZnobiT ki ar ekidebian, aramed Tavadac grZnoben mxarda-Werasa da daxmarebas maTive Tanatoli axalgazrdebis jgufis mxridan.

evropuli codna da gamocdileba

inglisis kanonmdebloba miznad isaxavs bavSvebis aqtiur mo-qalaqeebad aRzrdas da skolebis mier balansis damyarebas, erTi mxriv, uflebebsa da molodinebs, xolo meore mxriv, pasuxismge-blobas Soris. sxva evropuli skolebi espaneTisa (fernandesi da sxv., 2002; ortega, 1998) da italiis (menesinieti da sxv., 2003) CaTvliT, aqcents akeTeben moswavleTa Tanamonawileobasa da CarTvaze im gadawyvetilebaTa miRebaSi, romlebic gavlenas axdens maTze. am qveynebSi moswavleebi CarTulebi arian Zala-dobis problemis gadaWraSi, swored im Zaladobis, romelic bevrma axalgazrdam sakuTar Tavze gamoscada an Tavad waawyda

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yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. evropas, gaero-s baSvTa uflebebis konvenciis Sesabamisad (United Nations 1991), kargad esmis, rom saWiroa Seqmnas bavSvTa uflebebis sabazo nakrebi, romlis dar-Rvevac miuRebeli da aralegaluric ki iqneba. am mizniT, gaer-Tianebul samefoSi 2003 wels daarsda observatoria araZala-dobis xelSewyobisaTvis www.ukobservatory.com. am organizaciis mizania, win aRudges skolebSi Zaladobas, SeimuSaos Sesabamisi politika, wesebi da praqtika, romelic moswavleTa intereseb-sa da saWiroebebs gaiTvaliswinebs.

mTels evropaSi Catarebulma kvlevebma gviCvena, rom Tana-tolTa daxmareba aris skolebSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mi-marTuli efeqtiani Careva (koui da sxv., 2002; neilori da koui, 1999). miuxedavad imisa, rom TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebi yovelTvis ver amcireben Zaladobis incindentebs, isini mainc efeqtiania prevenciis TvalsazrisiT. espaneTSi SemCneuli iyo, rom TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebi mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels konvivensiis garemos ganviTarebas, rac erTad harmoni-uli cxovrebisa da muSaobis SesaZleblobas niSnavs (ortega, 1998). yvelaze mniSvnelovani ki is aris, rom TanatolTa dax-marebis sistemebi amcireben agresiis uaryofiT impulsebs da, Zaladobrivi incidentebis SemTxvevaSi, msxverplsac da mow-meebsac uadvileben maswavleblebisaTvis informaciis miwode-bas Zaladobis Sesaxeb.

fineTSi Catarebuli gamokvlevebi (salmivali da sxv., 1996) cx-adyofs, rom ganuzomlad mniSvnelovani roli ekisrebaT mow-meebs an TviTmxilvelebs, romlebic win aRudgebian (an piriq-iT) Zaladobas TanatolTa Soris. salmivali da misi kolegebi mividnen daskvnamde, rom yoCobis epizodSi monawiled SeiZle-ba CaiTvalos damswre moswavleTa 87%. yoCebsa da msxverplT ematebian sxvebi: damxmareebi, romlebic fizikurad exmare-bian yoCs; wamqezeblebi, romlebic aqezeben da axeleben yoCs; autsaiderebi, romlebic inarCuneben neitralitets, arian pa-siurebi da Tavs ikatuneben, TiTqos araferi daunaxavT da dam-cvelebi, romlebic msxverpls esarClebian, exmarebian da ewi-naaRmdegebian yoCs. Tumca, im situaciebSi, sadac TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebi arsebobs, meti alabaTobaa, rom Tanatol-Ta jgufi msxverplis dacvas Seecdeba. msxverplis damcvelebi da autsaiderebi xSirad ikvrebian da erTad exmarebian msxver-pls, romelic, sxva SemTxvevaSi, gariyuli da uaryofili iqne-boda TanatolTa jgufisagan.

miuxedavad imisa, rom TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebi uaRre-sad sasargebloa rogorc individualurad moswavleebis, aseve


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mTeli skolisaTvis, maTi warmatebisaTvis aucilebelia winas-wari dagegmva da momzadeba, agreTve uwyveti Sefaseba da moni-toringi.

strategiebis SemuSaveba moswavleTa winamZRolobiT

gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom moswavleebi Tavad arian metad efeqtiani cvlilebebis iniciatorebi. xSirad skolaSi arse-bobs calkeuli, naklebad aTvisebuli meTodi, romelic konvi-vensiis gaaumjobesebda. dagegmvisas aucilebelia sifrTxile da yuradReba, iniciativebi unda iyos Tanmimdevruli, arar-adikaluri. moTxovnebi, romelTac ayenebs strategia, ar unda iyos gadaWarbebuli da unda Seesabamebodes moswavleTa re-alur SesaZleblobebs.

savarjiSo 5.1: vTxovoT moswavleebs, Seafason TavianTi monawileoba TanatolTa daxmarebaSi

dagegmva da SemuSaveba iwyeba Tavad moswavleebTan konsulta-ciiT. aseTi dasawyisi dagvexmareba, sworad davinaxoT, ukve ra sistemebi arsebobs skolaSi. es, SesaZloa, regularuli audi-tis nawili gaxdes (ix. Tavi 2). dasaSvebia Sexvedris mowyoba war-momadgenlobiT jgufTan, vTqvaT, skolis sabWosTan. diskusi-isaTvis SesaZlo kiTxvebia:

ramdenad arian informirebulni axalgazrdebi im RonisZie-yybaTa Sesaxeb, romlebic skolaSi moswavleTa winamZRolo-biT xorcieldeba?

romeli RonisZieba esaxebaT maT moswavleTa dasaxmareblad yyyvelaze qmediTad?

rogor SeiZleba am RonisZiebaTa daxvewa da uwyveti ganxor-yycieleba?

kidev ra gzebiT exmarebian erTmaneTs moswavleebi?yy

Tu smeniaT moswavleebs TanatolTa daxmarebis adgilobri-yyvi an erovnuli programebis Sesaxeb an Tu aqvT gamocdileba, romlis gaziarebac SesaZlebelia?

ra aris saWiro moswavleebSi urTierTdaxmarebis unar-yyCvevebis srulyofisaTvis?

Tanatoli damxmareebi TavianTi samuSaos ganxorcielebisas saWiroeben iseT garemos, romelic xels uwyobs urTierTmos-menas, mzrunvelobasa da urTierTpativiscemas. TanatolTa

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damxmarebis faseuloba unda gaiazron da daafason skolis sazogadoebis yvela doneze; skolis direqtori da personali aqtiurad unda uWerdes mxars SemuSavebul gegmas. idealur SemTxvevaSi, skolis ori TanamSromeli mainc unda muSaobdes TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemaze, CarTuli iyos Tavdapirvel treningebSi da axorcielebdes regularul zedamxedvelobas Tanatol damxmareebze. Tu sqemaSi sul mcire, ori subieqti maincaa gaerTianebuli, erT-erTis gasvlis an avadmyofo-bis Sem TxvevaSi, TanatolTa sistema winandeburad agrZelebs qmedebas. saWiroa resursi, oTaxebi treningebisaTvis da saime-do adgili oqmebisa da CanawerebisaTvis. unda gamoiyos Sesabam-isi farTi TanatolTa daxmarebis samuSaoebis Casatareblad. gasaTva liswinebelia Semdegi sakiTxebi: gogonebsa da biWebs Soris balansis damyareba, skolis sazogadoebis yvela seqto-ris saTanadod warmodgena, agreTve Tanatoli damxmareebis saqmianobis mudmivi waxaliseba; magaliTad samadlobeli/sain-formacio werilis ganTavseba adgilobriv mediaSi, dajildoe-ba, saCuqrebis gadacema, TanatolTa damxmarebis sqemebisadmi miZRvnili sagangebo krebis organizeba.

sruli detaluri informacia TanatolTa damxmarebis sisteme-bis dafuZnebisa da SenarCunebisaTvis SegiZliaT ixiloT ram-denime publikaciaSi, maT Soris:

koui da uolasi (2000); bavSvTa winaaRmdeg Zaladobis preven-ciis nacionaluri sazogadoeba (NSPCC 2004), Serer-tompsoni (2002), steisi (2000). saintereso veb gverdebi:

TanatolTa daxmarebis forumiyy : <http://www.ncb.org.uk>;

TanatolTa daxmarebis qseli: yy <http://www.peersupport.co.uk>;gaerTianebuli samefosyy observatoria: <http://www.ukobserva-tory.com>.

kargi praqtikis konkretuli magaliTebi evropidan

am TavSi warmodgenilia TanasworTa damxmarebis iseTi sistemis magaliTebi, romlebic warmatebiT dainerga da ganxorcielda evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi.

konkretuli SemTxveva 1: Careva damegobrebis gziT italiaSi (menesini da sxv., 2003)

es kvleva gviCvenebs erToblivi jgufuri muSaobisa da damegob-rebis warmatebul gamoyenebas im mizniT, rom gaumjobesdes mo-swavleTa unari, pasuxismgebloba aiRon sakuTar an sxvaTa qme-


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debebze, miT ufro, Tu es qmedebebi agresias Seicavs. amasTan, proeqtis sxvadasxva stadiaze mkvlevarebma gaiTvaliswines monawileTa rolis diapazoni da amiT miiRes sistematuri per-speqtivac (salmivali da sxv., 1996). aseTi Careva ganxorcielda italiis or saSualo skolaSi (11-14 wlis asakis bavSvTa jgu-febSi) da miznad isaxavda:

yoCobis SemTxvevebis Semcirebas yoCebisaTvis sakuTari da yysxvaTa qcevis ganmartebis gziT;

moswavleTa unaris gaumjobesebas, daxmareba SesTavazon yyyoCobis msxverplT;

TviTmxilvelTa monawileobisa da pasuxismgeblobis wilis yygazrdas;

moswavleTa interpersonaluri urTierTobis xarisxis yygaumjobesebas klasSi;

Carevis efeqtis gaanalizebas asakobrivi da genderuli gan-yysxvavebis mixedviT;

Careva ganxorcielda saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi, oqtombri-dan maisamde, xuT fazad:

Careva klasSi: am aqtivobis Sedegad, mTel klass gauRrmav-yyda codna prosocialuri qcevisa da sxvisi daxmarebis mniS-vnelobis Sesaxeb. am fazis amocana gaxldaT, ganeviTarebina swori midgoma TanatolTa daxmarebis mimarT mTeli skolis masStabiT;

Tanatol damxmareTa SerCeva: Tanatoli damxmareebi Seir-yyCnen Sereulad – TviTnominaciisa da urTierTnominaciis safuZvelze. TiToeul klasSi SeirCa sami an oTxi damxmare;

treningi: SerCeulma moswavleebma gaiares specialuri yytreningi im unarebis gasaZliereblad, romlebic xels uw-yobs sxva adamianebTan urTierTobebis ganviTarebas. mos-wavleebs avarjiSebdnen mosmenisa da komunikaciebis Cveveb-Si kouisa da uolasis 2000 wlis saxelmZRvanelo principe-bis mixedviT;

muSaoba klasSi: personalma Caatara saklaso Sexvedrebi, yyromlebzec ganisazRvra konkretul moswavleTa saWiroe-bebi. Semdeg konfidencialurad daukavSirdnen samizne mos-wavles maTi Tanxmobis misaRebad, rom emuSavaT momzadebul damxmare TanatolebTan ramodenime sasargeblo saqmeze. am periodis ganmavlobaSi Tanatoli damxmareebi yovelkvireu-lad xvdebodnen skolis personals da iRebden operatiul miTiTebebs samizne moswavlesTan maTi muSaobis Sesaxeb;

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rolebis gadacema: Tanatol damxmareTa pirveli talRa yyCaerTo sxva moswavleTa treningSi, raTa amgvarad gazrdili-yo programaSi monawile moswavleTa raodenoba.

kvlevis Sedegebi

am kvlevis Sedegebi metad dadebiTi aRmoCnda. rogorc Cans, aseTi Careva xels uSlis uaryofiTi ganwyobisa da saqcielis eskalacias, romelic xSirad iCens Tavs am asakis bavSvebs Soris. igi aseve asustebs mowmeTa farul Tanxmobas sastik saqcielze da aZlierebs TanagrZnobisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas mos wavleTa Soris. sainteresoa, rom aseTma Carevam yvelaze didi Sedegi yoCebsa da mowmeebTan gamoiRo. maT, adrindelTan SedarebiT, Zalze ganuviTardaT sakuTari qcevis wvdomis una-ri. aRsaniSnavia, rom es Sedegi metad gaaZliera treningebSi im bavSvebis monawileobam, romelTac sxvebi yoCebad aRiqvamdnen. erTma biWma Tqva:

“me Cems Tavze aviRe damcveli megobris roli, miuxedavad imisa, rom adre sxva moswavleebs vCagravdi... Tavidan ver CaverTe proeqtSi, magram Semdeg... treningebis ganmavlobaSi da sxva damxmareebTan erTad muSaobisas ufro da ufro metad gavacnobiere, Tu ras va-keTebdi. es namdvilad sasargeblo iyo CemTvis” (14 wlis yofili yoCi).

unda aRiniSnos, rom Zaladobis msxverplni, gasagebi mizezebis gamo, sifrTxiliTa da undoblobiT ekidebodnen damcvelebad movlenil yoCebs da upiratesobas im damcvelebs aniWebdnen, romelTac treningi hqondaT gavlili. imavdroulad, isini acnobierebdnen, rom wlis ganmavlobaSi proeqtis mimdinareo-bisas klasSi garemo gaumjobesda. amasTan, aSkara iyo, rom bav-Svebi xdebodnen damcvelebi da Semdeg, droTa ganmavlobaSi, am funqcias sxvas gadascemdnen. es procesi namdvil “estafetas” daemsgavsa. SesaZloa, bavSvebs moswonT eqsperimentebi, sadac maT sxvadasxva rolis Sesruleba uwevT da treningis progra-ma maT aZlevs SesaZleblobas, sasargebloni iyvnen sxvadasxva dros da sxvadasxva saxiT. Carevis Sedegi bevrad ufro poziti-uri iyo umcrosi asakis moswavleebSi, vidre ufrosebSi.

savarjiSo 5.2: damegobrebis kvlevis Sedegad wamoWrili sakiTxebis ganxilva

TqvenTvis saintereso unda iyos zemoT mocemuli kvlevis gan-xilva da Tqveni skolis situaciasTan misadageba, kerZod, Sem-deg sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT:


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damegobrebis meTodi kargad esadageba italiuri skolis yysistemas, ramdenadac aq treningebis Catareba SesaZlebelia SedarebiT mokle droSi da is efuZneba megobrobis im qse-lebs, romlebic yvela klasSi ukve arsebobs;

italiaSi axali kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs saganmanaTleb-yylo fsiqologis muSaobas uSualod skolaSi, raTa xeli Seuwyos axali iniciativebis (rogoricaa TanatolTa dax-mareba) potenciur ganviTarebas. es niSnavs, rom damegobre-bis sistema martivad dainergeba, samuSao grafikis Secvlis gareSe da warimarTeba personalsa da fsiqologebs Soris TanamSromlobis fonze;

kvlevis Sedegebi metad imedismomcemi aRmoCnda da daadas-yytura Tvalsazrisi, romelsac am sferos bevri praqtikosi specialisti iziarebs: agresia da Zaladoba warmatebiT aR-moifxvreba sistemuri midgomiT, rac iTvaliswinebs klasis SigniT gansxvavebul rolTa ganawilebas.

konkretuli SemTxveva 2: ganviTarebuli aqtiuri mosmena uelsis saSualo skolaSi (koui da sxv., 2004)

es kvleva aRwers TanatolTa winamZRolobiT mosmenis meTods, romelic uelsis erT-erT skolaSi ganxorcielda, rogorc TanatolTa daxmarebis sqemis Semadgeneli nawili, bavSvebi skolebTan partniorobaSi programis (CHIPS) farglebSi TanamSromlobiT. Tavdapirvelad CHIPS-is jgufi avarjiSebda 12-13 wlis bavSvebs aqtiuri mosmenis CvevebSi daaxloebiT ori dRis ganmavlobaSi. Semdeg, skolis personalTan TanamSromlobiT, umcrosi asakis moswavleebisTvis Seqmnes yoveldRiuri Semovlis samsaxuri sadilis Sesvenebis dros. dramis departamentma dadga da warmoadgina miuzikli “ratom me?”, romlis mizanic iyo codnis amaRleba skolaSi yoCobisa da Zaladobis problemis Sesaxeb, romelic usaTuod saWiroebs reagirebas.

Tavidan, am momsaxurebis miwodebasa da sadilis Sesvenebis grafikis dagegmvaze pasuxs agebdnen Tavad Tanatoli dam-xmareebi. magaliTad, skolaSi cnobierebis asamaRleblad maT warmarTes kampania plakatebis gamoyenebiT da yovelkvireu-lad awyobdnen sesiebs umcrosi moswavleebisaTvis.

proeqtis Sedegebi

umcrosi moswavleebi aRtacebulni iyvnen skolaSi TanatolTa damxmarebis sistemebis arsebobiT:

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me vfiqrob, maT hqondaT SegrZneba imisa, rom icnoben ufros Ta-naskolelebs da quCaSi realuri problemebis SemTxvevaSi, SeuZli-aT maT mimarTon. vfiqrob, namdvilad pozitiuria, rodesac ufro-si amxanagebi uzrunvelyofen dacvas (Tanatoli damxmare).

mSoblebic aseve iyvnen kmayofilni sqemis arsebobiT:

ufrosklaselebi iReben valdebulebas umcrosklaselebze. am sqemis muSaoba naTels xdis umcrosTaTvis, rom momavalSi, rode-sac isini wamoizrdebian, SeZleben msgavsi pasuxismgeblobis aRebas sakuTar Tavze (10 wlis bavSvis mSobeli).

Tanatoli damxmareebi aRniSnavdnen, rom urTierTobebis, prezentaciebis gakeTebisa da mosmenis sferoSi treningebis gavlis Sedegad maT gambedaoba da Tavdajerebuloba SeiZines. zogierTi maTgani jerovnad afasebs im faqts, rom maT miecaT SesaZlebloba, waredginaT TavianTi naSromebi skolis gareT – CHIPS-is konferenciaze. mSoblebi acnobiereben am sqemis upi-ratesobas da aseTive Carevis ganxorcielebas sxva skolebSic uwevdnen rekomendacias.

SesaZlo problemebi

sistemebis potenciuri momxmareblisaTvis periodulad iCens Tavs konfidencialobis sakiTxi, konkretulad ki, ufrosi asa-kis moswavleebs adardebT, ramdenad saimedod daicaven dam-xmare Tanatolebi konfidencialur informacias, romelic maT gaandes. 10 wlis biWi ambobs: “Zalian samarcxvino iqneboda, vinmes rom Seetyo amis Sesaxeb. isini damcinebdnen.”

TiTo-orola umcrosi asakis damxmarem gamoxata SeSfoTeba, rom SesaZloa, iseTi mniSvnelovani problemis pirispir aRmoC-ndnen, romlis gadaWrac maTi kompetenciis farglebs scdeba. Tumca, icodnen, rom maT dasaxmareblad arsebobda yovelk-vireuli Sexvedrebi. erT-erT gamosavlad dasaxelda mTel skolaSi broSurebisa da plakatebis gavrceleba, romlebSic CamoTvlili iqneboda, ra problemebze (martooba, megobrebT-an dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, rCevebi urTierTobebis irgvliv) mimarTon Tanaswor damxmareebs, maTi unar-Cvevebidan gamomdi-nare. Tu problemis sirTule aRemateba Tanaswor damxmareTa kompetencias, am plakatebma unda urCion moswavleebs, dax-marebisaTvis mimarTon iseT saagentoebs, rogoricaa, magali-Tad, “bavSvebi skolebTan partniorobaSi” (CHIPS).

zogierTi Tanatoli damxmaris azriT, sakmaod mZime iyo Oproeq-tis administrireba. gansakuTrebiT, 12-13 wlis moswavleTa erovnuli gamocdebis dros. kargi iqneboda, Tu proeqtis or-


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ganizatorebi mSobelTa Soris moiZiebdnen moxaliseebs, an ga-daixdidnen mcire Tanxas administraciuli mxardaWerisaTvis, raTa gaemravlebinaT masalebis aslebi da organizacia gaewiaT Tanaswor damxmareTa Sekrebebisa Tu maTi rotaciisaTvis. ga-moiTqva mosazreba, rom mizanSewonili iqneboda, ufros dam-xmareebs TavianTi movaleobebi damwyebTaTvis drois gansaz-Rvrul periodSi gadaecaT, vTqvaT, sagazafxulo semestris dasawyisSi. am SemTxvevaSi ufrosi asakis da metad aqtiur mos-wavleebs daeuflebodaT pozitiuri ganwyoba proeqtis far-glebSi Catarebuli samuSaos gamo, nacvlad sinanulisa da da-naSaulis grZnobisa, rom axla swavlas met dros uTmoben, vidre daxmarebas.

Tanatoli damxmareebi da fasilitatorebi TanamSromelTagan Tvlian, rom saWiroa meti sajarooba, raTa codnis amaRleba Se-exos yvelas mTel skolaSi. garda amisa, wamoiWra sakiTxi rom aucilebelia personalis uwyveti informirebac.

savarjiSo 5.3: aqtiuri mosmenis kvlevidan gamomdinare Sedegebis ganxilva

saintereso iqneba zemoT mocemuli kvlevis ganxilva da Tqvens skolebSi arsebul situaciasTan misadageba, kerZod, Semdeg sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT:

treningi, SesaZloa, xangrZlivi aRmoCndes. Cveulebriv, reko-mendebulia, rom Tanasworma damxmareebma gaiaron minimum 30 saaTiani treningi im meTodistebTan, romelTac aqvT konsul-tantis an Tanatol damxmareTa treningis gamocdileba. gaer-Tianebul samefoSi ramdenime kargi xarisxis kursi arsebobs, magaliTad, bavSvebi skolebTan partniorobisa (CHIPS) da sa-konsultacio samsaxur “rileiT”-is (Relate) mier organizebuli kursebi.

resursebi: Tanatol damxmareebs sWirdebaT oTaxebi moswav-leebTan individualuri an jgufuri SexvedrebisaTvis, regu-laruli treningebisaTvis, agreTve daculi adgili konfiden-cialuri masalebisaTvis.

TanatolTa daxmareba aZlierebs axalgazrdebis karg emociur ganwyobas. farTodaa aRiarebuli, rom es aris efeqtiani me-Todi axalgazrdebis dasaxmareblad TanatolTa jgufebTan urTierTobisas warmoqmnili sirTuleebis (magaliTad, yoCo-bis) dasaZlevad. am meTodiT sargebloben Tavad damxmareebic: pirovnulad viTardebian, iZenen urTierTobis Cvevebs da xde-bian Tavdajerebulni.

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konkretuli SemTxveva 3: konfliqtebis gadawyveta TanatolTa SuamavlobiT espaneTis skolebSi (fernandesi da sxv., 2002)

espaneTSi ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebulma gamok-vlevebma cxadyo, rom (ortega, 2001) interpersonalur urTi-erTobebSi warmoqmnil yvela sirTules yovelTvis ar mivya-varT represiebamde. zogjer, agresia ormxrivia da Znelia damnaSavesa da msxverpls Soris gansxvavebis povna. konfliqti, SesaZloa, individebs an jgufebs Soris warmoiSvas da SeiZleba sxvadasxva ganviTareba hpovos. Sedegad, iqmneba rTuli situa-ciebi, dgeba imis aucilebloba, rom naTeli moefinos, vis ekis-reba pasu xismgebloba da rogor unda daubrundes urTierTo-bebi samarTlian da misaReb formas. konfliqtma, TavisTavad, SeiZleba arc ki daazianos urTierTobebi. yvelaze mniSvnelo-vani konfliqtis gadaWris meTodia.

fernandesi da sxv., (2002) detalurad aRweren, rogor moxda Suamavlobis meTodis warmatebuli danergva da adaptireba skolebSi Zaladobis problemasTan sabrZolvelad. maTi azriT, Tanatol damxmareebs, romelTac wvrTnian konfliqtebis mog-varebis meTodebSi, Semdegi unarebi unda ganuviTardeT:

movlenis Sesaxeb TanasworTa naambobis gulisyuriT mos-yymenis unari;

problemis gadaWraSi daxmarebisaTvis mzadyofna;yy

davis detalebisa da komponentebis analizis unari;yy

gansakuTrebuli mgrZnobeloba davaSi monawileTa mier ga-yymovlenili emociebis mimarT.

fernandesma da misma kolegebma Camoayalibes safexurebi, romelTac Tanmimdevrulad gaivlian Tanatoli mediatorebi:

1-eli safexuri - davis mizezebis analizi. monawileebi amzade-ben sakuTar Tavs davis mizezebis gansazRvrisaTvis. isini mo-wodebulni arian, Sewyviton momentaluri emociuri impulse-biT moqmedeba da gaiTviTcnobieron, rom ar arian gamouval mdgomareobaSi. gamosavali arsebobs.

me-2 safexuri – gamosavlis Zebna. davis monawileebi sakuTar Tavs ganawyoben imisaTvis, rom winaswar ganixilon bevri sxva-dasxva gamosavali. upirvelesad, maT unda Seafason potenci-uri riskebi da sargebeli. am etapze Tanatoli mediatorebi da-vis monawileebs eubnebian, rom isini ar ukarnaxeben maT, Tu ra unda gaakeTon.


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me-3 safexuri - winadadebebis SemuSaveba da Sefaseba. davis monawileebi SeimuSaveben winadadebebs SesaZlo moqmedebebi-saTvis da ganixilaven yvela SemoTavazebuli moqmedebis dade-biT Tu uaryofiT mxareebs imdenad obieqturad, ramdenadac SeuZliaT. maT Zalian daexmarebaT, Tu dafaze Camoweren yvela SesaZlo moqmedebasa da maT plusebs Tu minusebs.

me-4 safexuri - saukeTeso arCevani. Tanatoli mediatorebi svamen sakvanZo kiTxvebs, rac davis monawileebs saSualebas aZlevs, ganixilon TiToeuli SemoTavazebuli moqmedebis SesaZ-lo Sedegebi. maTi kiTxvebi ise unda iyos Camoyalibebuli, rom xeli Seewyos azrovnebis process. mediatorebi ar unda gvev-linebodnen mosamarTleebad da ar unda iZleodnen rCevebs.

me-5 safexuri – SeTanxmebis miRweva. davis monawileebi mo-marTulni arian, rom miaRwion iseT SeTanxmebas, romelic yve-laze ukeT akmayofilebs orive dainteresebuli mxaris saWiroe-bebs. xSirad, es gulisxmobs kompromisebis garkveul formas orive mxarisaTvis. misi upiratesoba isaa, rom gamoricxavs iZulebiT Tavs moxvevas da mikerZoebas romelime mxarisadmi meoris sawinaaRmdegod. es aris orive mxarisaTvis misaRebi ga-dawyveta, romelic, rogorc minimum,D komfortulia yvelasaT-vis, Tundac ar iwvevdes kmayofilebisa da siamayis SegrZnebas (rac sakmaod xSiria).

me-6 safexuri – praqtikuli detalebis dagegmva. Aam etapze Tanatoli mediatorebi xels uwyoben miRweuli SeTanxmebis praqtikulad ganxorcielebas. Qqmedebebi unda iyos zusti, re-alisturi, gasagebi da eqvemdebarebodes Sefasebas. am etapze sakvanZo kiTxvebi aseTia: vin ra unda gaakeTos, rogor da ro-dis?

me-7 safexuri - monitoringi da Sefaseba. Tanatolma mediato-rebma unda SearCion dro da adgili SeTanxmebis Sedegis praq-tikuli SefasebisaTvis. kiTxvebi am etapze aseTia: imuSava Tu ara SeTanxmebam praqtikaSi? saWiroa Tu ara misi koreqtireba da modificireba? Semdgomi Sexvedrac Uunda Sedges, romelzec monawileebi gadaxedaven SeTanxmebis warmatebulobas da Seafaseben maT mzadyofnas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, moaxdinon koreqtireba.

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savarjiSo 5.4: YTanatolTa mediatorobis kvlevidan gamomdinare Sedegebis Sefaseba

saintereso iqneba zemoT mocemuli kvlevis ganxilva da Tqvens skolebSi arsebuli situaciisaTvis misadageba, kerZod, Semdeg sakiTxebTan mimarTebiT:

mediatorobis procesis umTavresi qvakuTxedia aqtiuri mos-menis unari da monawileTa grZnobebsa da saWiroebebze sando da saimedo pasuxis gacemis SesaZlebloba. uaRresad mniS-vnelovania, rom Tanatolma mediatorebma ar daTrgunon an ar uaryon is Zlieri emociebi, romlebic, rogorc wesi, Tan axlavs konfliqts. Uunda Seiqmnas TanagrZnobisa da daxmarebis garemo, romelSic es emociebi Tavisuflad gamomJRavndeba.

am procesSi sakvanZo mniSvneloba aqvs Tanatoli mediatoris dasmul kiTxvebs. fernandesi da misi kolegebi aRniSnaven, rom is mediatorebi, romelTac gaiares treningi aqtiuri mosmenis unarebSi, swavloben iseTi SekiTxvebis dasmas, romlebSic Cans maTi mgrZnobiare midgoma situaciisadmi da TanagrZnoba dava-Si monawile yoveli mxaris emociebisadmi.

amasTan, mediatorebi unda gascdnen TanagrZnobis farglebs da problemis gadawyvetaze gadavidnen ise, rom davis monawileeb-ma SeZlon konfliqtidan gadawyvetilebis miRebaze gadasvla. swored am etapze, Zalian mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs komu-nikaciis unari. mediatorebma sityvebis SerCeviT, xmis toniT, saubris riTmiT unda aCvenon, rom sjeraT problemis gadawyve-tis realuri SesaZleblobis.

garda amisa, mediatorebma saTanado momzadeba unda gaia-ron, rom xeli Seuwyon mTxrobelis mier ambis pirvel pirSi Txrobas, raTa TiToeulma monawilem moyves Tavisi Tavga-dasavali, magram ar gansajos da ar dascinos jgufis sxva wevrs misi monayolis gamo. pirvel pirSi naambobi iZleva TviTdamkvi-drebis SesaZleb lobas. TiToeuli iwyebs imis swavlas, rom misi gamocdileba arsebobs sxva garemoebebisgan damoukideblad, rom saWiroa sxvaTa gamocdilebis pativiscemac, ramdenad gan-sxvavebuladac unda Candes Tavidan.

paradoqsulia, rom individualobis damkvidrebis procesSi monawileebi, arsebuli gansxvavebebis miuxedavad, Rrma ur-TierTgagebas aRweven, radgan xedaven, rom maT Sorisac bevri ramaa saerTo.


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sakvanZo sakiTxebi

am TavSi Cven mimovixileT TanatolTa daxmarebis is meTodebi, romlebic nacadi da aprobirebulia bevr evropul qveyanaSi; gvsurs davasruloT im sakvanZo Sedegebis SejamebiT, romlebic dResdReobiT intensiuri msjelobisa da debatebis sagania mos-wavleTa uflebebisa da pasuxismgeblobis, agreTve, moqalaqeo-brivi aRzrdis konteqstSi. faqtobrivad, TanamSromlebi, romlebic xels uwyoben meTodebs TanatolTa monawileobiT, mouwodeben axalgazrdebs, gamoamJRavnon sxvebis pativis-cema, TanagrZnoba, kolegialuri da demokratiuli moqmedeba. magaliTad, TanamSromlobiTi urTierTobebis wamaxalisebel klasSi moswavleebi eCvevian da swavloben TanamSromlobas, urTierTobebis formebs, maT Soris, konfliqtur viTarebaSic. arsebiTi niSania dro da sivrce, romelic eZlevaT moswavleebs klasSi ganviTarebuli movlenebisa da interpersonaluri ur-TierTobebis Sejamebisa da gaazrebisaTvis. xSirad, TanamSrom-lebi, TanamSromlobiTi urTierTobebis klasSi rom muSaoben, ocdebian moswavleTa unariT, imoqmedon pasuxismgebobiT da daexmaron erTmaneTs.

rogorc vvaraudobdiT, ukiduresad mniSvnelovania im rolTa diapazonis codna, romelic SeiZleba moirgon moswavleebma. TanatolTa daxmarebis struqtura moswavleebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs, sxvadasxva rolSi mosinjon Tavi: iyvnen liderebi, Cai-weron saklaso oTaxSi mimdinare diskusiebi, cxadad gamokveTon jgufis miznebi, mimarTon iumors daZabuli viTarebis ganmux-tvisaTvis, moagvaron problema an Seasrulon damxmare sam-uSaoebi, magaliTad, daalagon oTaxi.

TanatolTa winamZRolobiT ganxorcielebuli strategia sami ZiriTadi maxasiaTebliT gamoirCeva:

pirveli, moswavleebi momzadebulni arian megobruli wris farglebs gareT erToblivi muSaobisaTvis. urTierTobis es forma xels uwyobs winaswari mikerZoebulobis Semcirebas, ndobis amaRlebas eTnikur da genderul jgufebs Soris, ex-mareba uaryofili da gariyuli axalgazrdebis integracias TanasworTa jgufSi.

meore, moswavleebs eZlevaT xelsayreli SesaZlebloba, SeiZinon komunikaciis unari, gacvalon informacia, ifiqron sakuTar warmatebebze. TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebis Seq mniT, mas-wavleblebi moswavleebs uqmnian uwyvet SesaZleblobas, rom mudmivad iyvnen dakavebulni iseTi davalebebiT, romelTa Sesrulebac mxolod jgufuradaa SesaZlebeli. magaliTad,

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“breinstormingis” (gonebrivi Sturmi ideebis Sesagroveblad) meTodis gamoyeneba skolis eTosis gasaumjobeseblad an jgu-fis wevrebis Segrovebuli informaciis gaerTianeba bukletis da posteris gamosacemad Temaze, romelic am axalgazrdebis saerTo zrunvis sagania - “rogor vebrZoloT Zaladobas”.

mesame, TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemis meSveobiT ganixilaven konfliqtebs da cdiloben maT gadaWras. moswavleebi iZenen konfliqtebTan gamklavebis gamocdilebas, afaseben TavianT SemoqmedebiT potencials, ramdenad ZaluZT daexmaron kon-fliqtSi myof individebs sando urTierTobebis gzebis gamo-naxvaSi. TanatolTa daxmarebis sistema iZleva erTgvar CarCos, romlis farglebSic uzrunvelyofilia moswavleTa rogorc fizikuri, aseve fsiqologiuri usafrTxoeba. moswavleebi iaz-reben TavianT SesaZleblobebs da afaseben, ramdenad aqvT una-ri pasuxismgebloba aiRon rogorc sakuTari urTierTobebis warmarTvaze, aseve im TanatolTa daxmarebaze, romelnic moce-muli momentisaTvis sirTuleebs ganicdian.

TanatolTa daxmarebis kvlevebma am midgomis ramodenime upi-ratesobeba gamoavlina.Mmetad faqizi da advilad tramvireba-di moswavleebisaTvis megobrul Tanadgomas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs sakuTari Tavisadmi dadebiTi emociuri gan-wyobis CamoyalibebisaTvis. daxmarebis procesSi aseT moswav-leebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, gamoxaton gancdebi maTi cxovre-bis im aspeqtebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic guls tkens. Tana-toli damxmareebi aRniSnaven, rom daxmarebis procesi maTTvis metad sasargeblo iyo – ufro Tavdajerebulni gaxdnen da is-wavles sxvebis dafaseba. TanamSromelTa angariSebSi xSiradaa xaz gasmuli, rom TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebis danergvis Se degad, skolaSi ufro mzrunveli da usafrTxo garemo Seiqmna da TanatolTa Soris urTierTobebi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobes-da (koui da sxv., 2002; koui da sarpi, 1996);

kvlevis Sedegebi pozitiuria. erT-erTi farTomasStabi-ani gamokiTxvisas Tanatol damxmareTa 60%-ma aRniSna, rom maT miiRes sasargeblo gamocdileba koleqtiur muSaobasa da sxvebTan urTierTobis unar-CvevebSi, rac treningSi maTi monawileobis uSualo Sedegia. umravlesobas (63%) sjera, rom TanatolTa daxmarebis samsaxurma gavlena moaxdina skolaze da gadaaqcia adgilad, sadac ufro misaRebia saubari emociuri da urTierTobis sakiTxebis irgvliv. ufrosi asakis moswavlee-bi, romlebic pasuxismgebelni iyvnen proeqtze, erTsulovnad adastureben, rom TanatolTa daxmarebis samsaxuri gacda in-dividis saWiroebisamebr daxmarebis farglebs – rac yvelaze


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Rirebulia – da gavlena moaxdina mTlianad skolaze (neilori da koui, 1999).

TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebi dResdReobiT misaRebi da Ri-rebulia, radgan ufro da ufro met skolaSi aumjobesebs si-cocxlis xarisxs (koui da sxv., 2002) moswavleTa absoluturi umravlesoba darwmunebulia TanatolTa daxmarebis sisteme-bis sargeblianobaSi da mxars uWers mis gamoyenebas rogorc TavianTi, aseve megobrebis saWiroebebis mixedviT. perso-nali, romelic pasuxismgebelia proeqtze, aRniSnavs, rom maTi kolegebis didi nawili aseve am sistemebis momxrea. aSkaraa mSo-belTa mxridan aRiarebac. am skolebSi didia ndoba TanatolTa daxmarebis sistemebis mimarT da rwmena maT sargeblobaSi.

dRemde Catarebuli gamokvlevebi cxadyofs, rom warmatebis gasaRebi aris potenciuri momxmareblis saWiroebebze dak-virveba da moqnili monitoringi. personalma, romelic am me-Tods axorcielebs, unda gaiTvaliswinos is socialuri ga-remoc, romelSic isini moqmedeben da Sesabamisi gamoyeneba mouZebnon axalgazrda Tanatoli damxmareebis gamocdilebas. didi mniSvneloba aqvs, rogori ZalisxmeviT moekidebian axal-gazrdebi axali unar-Cvevebis aTvisebas da ramdenad moargeben am unarebs konkretul konteqsts.

AsavarjiSo 5.5: TanatolTa daxmareba Tqvens skolaSi

savarjiSo 5.1-is Sedegebis fonze, ramdenad gegmavT TanatolTa daxmarebis sqemis gamoyenebas da ganviTarebas Tqvens skolaSi?

Tqveni azriT, ra aris TanatolTa daxmarebis sqemebis ganvi-yyTarebis upiratesoba?

rogor fiqrobT, ra ZiriTadi sirTuleebis daZleva mogi-yywevT?

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Tavi 6 bavSvTa dacva

usafrTxo saskolo garemos Seqmna

mona o’muri da stiven jeims mintoni


ganixilon, ra igulisxmeba Zaladobriv saqcielSi da rogo-yyria misi zegavlena;

Seafason skolis garemos zegavlena moswavleTa qcevaze;yy

gamoZebnon usafrTxo (ufro usafrTxo) skolis garemos yySeq mnis gzebi.

saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi axalgazrdebis umravlesoba samu-Sao drois 25-30%-s skolaSi atarebs. gonivruli Cans imis moTxovna, rom skola “iyos mzrunvelobiT savse, sadac mudmi-vad garantirebuli iqneba yoveli moswavlis ufleba, hqondes usafrTxo da bednieri bavSvoba”. citata White Paper on Education in Ireland (mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saministro, 1995). Zala-dobrivi saqcielis gamoaSkaravebasa da ganxilvas didi gavle-na aqvs. Sedegad, moswavleebs SiSisa da daucvelobis nacvlad usaf rTxoebisa da keTildReobis SegrZneba euflebaT. Zala-doba skolaSi siaxle araa da msoflios xvadasxva qveyanaSi igi sxvadasxva donezea (mintoni da sxv., 2005; smiti, 2003) detalu-rad ixileT pirvel TavSi.

Zaladoba skolaSi da misi gavlena masSi CarTul individebze

moswavleTa Zaladobis tipebis analizma evropuli qveynebi-saTvis cxadyo, rom Zaladobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli for-maa sityvieri Seuracxyofa. vetenburgisa da hiubregtis (2001) mixedviT, moswavleTa 90% aRiarebs sityvieri Zaladobis aqtis Cadenas. Zaladobis es forma gulisxmobs sxvaTa gaRizianebasa da Seuracxyofas, Tan garkveuli doziT tyuilsa an Wors Sei-cavs.

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meore, Zaladobis metad ganzogadebuli formaa destruqciu-li saqcieli saklaso oTaxSi. vetenburgi da hiubregti (2001) aRniSnaven, rom moswavleTa daaxloebiT naxevarze meti da or mesamedze naklebi sxvadasxva dros monawileobs aseT qmedebaSi. Zaladobis mesame, metad gavrcelebul formad avtorebi asaxe-leben vandalizms. evropis moswavleTa mxolod mcire nawili ambobs, rom hqonda iaraRi an iyo braleuli iseT qmedebebSi, rogoricaa qurdoba, SantaJi, seqsualuri daSineba, narkoti-kis borotad gamoyeneba. rac Seexeba fizikur Zaladobasa da muqaras, aq, ZiriTadad, muStikrivs vxvdebiT. imedis momcemia is garemoeba, rom miuxedavad mediaSi naCvenebi Zaladobis epi-zodebisa, fizikuri Zaladoba iaraRis gamoyenebiT, sabedni-erod, iSviaTia.

rom ara Zaladobis mavne zemoqmedeba skolebSi, konkretu-lad ki pirovnebaTa Soris Zaladoba, ar iarsebebda Carevisa da dacviTi strategiebis danergvis saWiroeba. mediasa da samec-niero literaturaSi uxvadaa skolaSi Zaladobis magaliTebi. Zaladobis msxverplni xSirad ganicdian iseT SegrZnebebs, rogoricaa risxva, imedgacrueba, martooba, izolacia, dam-cireba, sasowarkveTa, fizikuri tkivili da fizikuri travmis miRebis SiSi, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac es sistematurad meordeba. Sedegad, Cndeba warumateblobis mZafri gancda, qveiTdeba Tavis pativiscema, rasac mosdevs apaTia, depresia, nervuli moSliloba da TviTmkvlelobac ki (kaltiala-heino da sxvebi, 1999; loulori, 2002; o’muri, 2003 rigbi, 1998).

arsebiTad, im axalgazrdebs, romlebic Zaladobisa da yoCobis msxverplni gaxdnen, aReniSnebaT gacilebiT meti fsiqikuri da fizikuri problemebi, vidre maT, vinc daculni iyvnen aseTi qmedebebisgan. aseT SemTxvevebSi moswavleebi amjobineben sko-lis gacdenas agresiisa da Seuracxyofis gameorebis SiSis gamo. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, skolis asakSi gancdilma Zaladobam posttravmuli stresi gamoiwvios, rac seriozuli darRvevaa da profesiul Terapias moiTxovs (bemaki da keisi, 2000).

Zaladobis msxverplTa Temaze 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebu-li kvlevebis Sedegebma aCvena, rom orive sqesisa da yvela asa-kis msxverpli iRebs fsiqosocialur stress nebismieri tipis agresiis Sedegad (houkeri da boultoni, 2000). avtorebi aRniS-naven empiriuli kvlevebis daskvnebs, rom “Zaladobis Sedegad Cndeba ubedurebis gancdis iseTi modeli, romlis ignorirebac veRar xerxdeba”.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Zaladoba skolebSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos problemad, romelic eqmneba mxolod Zaladobisa da yoCobis

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msxverplT, sul ufro mzardia im gamokvlevebis raodenoba, romelsac mivyavarT azramde, rom Tavze dabali warmodgenis, depresiisa da TviTmkvlelobis ideis riskqveS arian is mos-wavleebic, romlebic monawileoben ZaladobaSi. riski gansa-kuTrebiT maRalia im moswavleTaTvis, romlebic erTdroulad arian rogorc msxverplni, aseve – damnaSaveni (kaltiala-heino da sxv., 1999; o’muri da kirkhemi, 2001; rigbi, 2002). amasTan, zo-gierTi gamokvlevis mixedviT, arsebobs kavSiri bavSvobasa da axalgazrdobaSi Zaladobasa da zrdasrul asakSi kriminalur qmedebebs Soris (olveusi, 1993).

metic, arsebobs mecnieruli dasabuTeba imisa, rom damkvirveb-lebi – Zaladobis SemTxvevis pasiuri mowmeebi – Tavadac arian dazaralebulni. igive vrceldeba im zrdasrul adamianebze, romlebic samuSao adgilebze xdebian aseTi Zaladobis pasiuri mowmeebi (o’muri, 2003). individebi, romlebic Seeswrnen Zalado-bis incindents samuSao adgilze, ganicdian ufro met somatur simptoms, rogoricaa: mousvenari Zili, energiis kargva, Tavis tkivili, gaZlierebuli mgrZnobeloba, emociuri gamofitva da Caketiloba, vidre isini, vinc aseT incidentebs ar Seswrebian.

Zaladobis yvela am mavne zemoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saka-maTo aRaraa, rom skola valdebulia izrunos moswavleebze da daicvas isini. es gansakuTrebiT cxadi xdeba, Tu gaviTva-liswinebT, rom skolis moswavleebis 63% CarTulia yoCobaSi, rogorc yoCi an misi damxmare, an rogorc msxverpli da misi damcveli (salmivali da sxv., 1996).

gamokvlevebis safuZvelze naTelia, rom aucilebelia sakiTxi-sadmi iseTi erTiani saskolo midgomis SemuSaveba, romelic xan-grZliv dadebiT gavlenas iqoniebs saskolo garemoze (mintoni da sxv., 2005). yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, rogorc xazgas-mulia saqlingisa da templis mier, mniSvnelovania Semdegi:

xelmZRvanelobisa da marTvis stili da xarisxi;yy

kurikulumis xarisxi da misi Sesruleba;yy

saTamaSo moedanze Casatarebel aqtivobaTa da kurikulu-yymis xarisxi;

yoCobis incidentze reagirebisaTvis SemuSavebuli da Se-yyTanxmebuli procedurebi;

sakuTar TavTan da sxvebTan urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba.yy

Tavi 6 - bavSvTa dacva

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Zaladobrivi qmedebebi da saskolo garemo

flamandiel moswavleebze vetenburgisa da hiubregtis (2001) Catarebulma kvlevebma gamoavlina, rom arsebobs mWidro kav-Siri sociumis sawinaaRmdego qmedebebsa da moswavleebisa da maswavleblebis urTierTdamokidebulebas Soris. maT aR-moaCines, rom moswavleebi avleben mkafio zRvars karg maswav-leblebsa (romlebic moswonT, pativs scemen da TanamSromlo-ben) da cud maswavleblebs (romelTac unda zRon) Soris. Tavad moswavleebis TvalsazrisiT, es damokidebulia Semdegze:

maswavlebis pirovneba da stili;yy

swavlebis meTodi;yy

maTi damokidebuleba SeTanxmebebisa da wesebisadmi;yy

maTi damokidebuleba moswavleebisadmi.yy

moswavleebi cxadad amboben, rom Zaladobasa da yoCobas Tanam-SromelTa Tu moswavleTa mxridan Tavidan avicilebT, Tu sko-lis TiToeuli TanamSromeli:

gamoiCens interess maTi sagnis miRma sakiTxebisadmi;yy

Seecdeba, ar iyos momabezrebeli;yy

periodulad CaerTveba xumrobebSi;yy

reagirebas moaxdens aqtualur sakiTxebze, moswavleTa in-yyteresebsa da kulturaze;

daawesebs mkafio SezRudvebsa da standartebs;yy

imoqmedebs Tanamimdevrulad wesebis darRvevis SemTxveva-yySi;

Seaqebs da waaxalisebs moswavleebis moqmedebas, Tu es yymoswavleebi gamoamJRavneben sociumze orientirebul saqciels;

antisocialuri qcevis gamo moswavlis dasjamde winaswar yygaafrTxileben mas amis Sesaxeb;

imoqmedeben Tanamimdevrulad da samarTlianad moepyro-yybian moswavleebs;

aqtiurad mousmenen moswavleebs, seriozulad miudgebian yymaT argumentebs;

iqnebian Tanamedroveni (TviT Cacmis stilis CaTvliTac ki).yy

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savarjiSo 6.1: moswavleTa azriT, rogoria skolis personalis roli usafrTxo sakolo garemos

CamoyalibebaSi

qvemoT warmodgenili CamonaTvali moswavleebma Seadgines. TqvenTvis, albaT, saintereso iqneba, imsjeloT mis irgvliv Tqveni skolis moswavleebTan erTad, an SesTavazoT maT, Seq-mnan analogiuri nusxa. amasTan, Tqveni saTanadod SerCeuli informacia damatebiT wvlils Seitans meore TavSi warmodge-nili auditisa da daxmarebis gegmebis SemuSavebaSi.

romeli kiTxvebis CarTvaa saWiro auditSi imisaTvis, rom gan-sazRvroT, ramdenad efeqtiania Tqveni skolis maswavleblebis moqmedeba iseTi garemos Sesaqmnelad, Zaladobriv saqciels rom amcirebs?

vetenburgisa da hiubregtis kvlevaSi moyvanilia moswavleTa ganmartebebi Zaladobis Sesaxeb, saidanac Cans, rom saskolo muSaoba maT garkveuli wnexis qveS aqcevda. isini aRniSnaven, rom kurikulumis wayenebuli (gansakuTrebiT) maRali moTxovnebi maT zedmetad Rlida. “samuSao” dReebi Zalian grZeli iyo. mud-mivad akldaT Tavisufali dro, arc gasarTobi adgilebi hqon-daT sakmarisad gakveTilebs Soris da gakveTilebis Semdeg das-venebisaTvis, saSinao davalebebis, testebisa da gamocdebisaT-vis momzadebac damRleli iyo.

garda amisa, skolaSi aris sxva elementebic, romlebic swavlis periodSi moswavleebs ubiZgebs, rom sakuTari Tavi Zaladobri-vi saqcieliT gamoxaton. es faqtorebia:

didi raodenobiT “ar gaakeTo” da “unda gaakeTo”, rac yysruliad zedmetia da zRudavs maT Tavisuflebas;

maswavleblebi arRveven bevr wessa da SeTanxmebas an Tanmim-yydevrulad ar asruleben;

moswavleebi ar monawileoben gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi;yy

skolis araadekvaturi nageboba da infrastruqtura; yy

elementaruli komfortis moTxovnilebaTa daukmayo fi-yyleb loba.

imavdroulad, vetenburgis kvleva ar uaryofs, rom skolis ga-reSe faqtorebma SeiZleba garkveuli roli iTamaSos saskolo ZaladobaSi. udavoa, rom socialurma pirobebma SeiZleba mos-wavleebs skolaSi Zaladobrivi saqcielisaken ubiZgos. Tumca, skolis arsebuli garemo, am TvalsazrisiT, ufro mniSvnelova-


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nia. israelidan miRebuli Sedegebi aseve amyarebs mosazrebas, rom skolis garemom SeiZleba ufro meti gavlena iqonios Zala-dobis xarisxze, vidre skolis gareT arsebulma maxasiaTebleb-ma, rogoricaa sazogadoebis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgo-mareoba an kriminaluri viTareba (benbeniSti da astori, 2003).

uaxlesi evropuli kvlevebi udavod imasve amtkicebs, rac ufro adre (1979) naTlad aCvena Tavis gamokvlevebSi ruterma da sxv.: skolas aqvs SesaZlebloba, rom arakeTilismyofeli gareSe faqtorebis miuxedavad, warmatebiT moaxdinos skolis SigniT dadebiTi qcevis normebis stimulacia da formireba.

usafrTxo garemos xelSewyoba skolebSi

skolebSi usafrTxoebas dRes igive Sinaarsi aqvs, rac SeimuSava konferenciam “ufro usafrTxo skolebis Sesaxeb” (1997 wlis Tebervali), ramac ganapiroba evropis kavSiris daniis saprezi-dento saganmanaTleblo programis formireba. sxva sityve-biT rom vTqvaT, usafrTxoeba skolaSi gulisxmobs ara marto moswavleTa dacvas, aramed im garemos Seqmnas, romelSic mos-wavleebi Tavs usafrTxod grZnoben, SeuZliaT isaubron peda-gogebTan da gaxdnen Tavdajerebulni.

rogor SeiZleba usafrTxoebis SegrZnebis Seqmna?

treningebi konfliqtebis mogvarebis sferoSi

skolebSi usafrTxo da (metad usafrTxo) atmosferos Sesaq-mnelad, yuradReba unda gamaxvildes im cnobil risk-faqtoreb-ze, romlebic yoCobasa da Zaladobas ukavSirdeba (varnava, 2002). eWvgareSea, rom konfliqti yovelTvis iarsebebs. rogorc jonsoni da jonsoni (1995) aRniSnaven, konfliqti mosalodne-lia, magram, garkveulwilad, SesaZlebelia misi konstruqciu-li marTvac.

jonsoni da jonsoni aRniSnaven, rom konfliqts SeiZleba mohyves dadebiTi Sedegebic, kerZod:

swavlis motivaciis gazrda;yy

azrovnebis maRal doneze ayvana;yy

informaciis xangrZlivad damaxsovreba;yy

saRi socialuri azrovnebis ganviTareba;yy

moswavleTa garToba.yy

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Mmas aseve SeuZlia:yy

gaamdidros urTierTobebi;yy

uzrunvelyos sicxade da gamWvirvaloba;yy

gaaZlieros individis pirovnuli Tvisebebi;yy

gazardos “egos” siZliere;yy

xeli Seuwyos gamZleobasa da mdgradobas arasasurveli vi-yyTarebis mimarT;

aCvenos, rom moswavles sWirdeba Secvla.yy

jonsoni da jonsonis mtkicebiT, esaa mcdeloba, xeli SeeSalos da Seferxdes im konfliqtebis ganviTareba, romlebic skolebSi Zaladobis incindentebs uwyoben xels. amis safuZvelze, metad Sedegiani Cans moswavleTa momzadeba konfliqtebis gadaWris sakiTxebSi. dRemde arsebuli informaciiT, aseTi treningebis Sedegebi metad sainteresoa (koui da sxv. 2002; fareli da sxv., 1998; o’muri da makguaieris, mintonisa da sxvaTa naSromSi, 2005).

magaliTad, o’muri da makguaieri asabuTeben, rom TanatolTa mediaciis programa, romelSic garkveuli asakobrivi jgufis yvela moswavle iyo CarTuli, skolebs Zalian daexmara yoCobis donis SemcirebaSi. am treningis Sedegad, dadebiTad Seicvala moswavleTa Axedvac, rac daexmara maT, garkveuliyvnen saxlSi, mezoblebsa Tu naTesavebSi warmoqmnil konfliqtebSi da mi-eRoT Sesabamisi gadawyvetileba. dResdReobiT, programa mtki-cedaa danergili saskolo struqturaSi. skolis TiToeuli mo-swavle, dawyebiTi skolis dasrulebis Semdeg, pirvelsave wels gadis aseT trenings (godsili, 2002).

garda amisa, treningi SuamavlobaSi, konfliqtebis gadaWrasTan erTad, xels uwyobs moswavleebSi Tavdajerebisa da sakuTari Rirsebis grZnobis amaRlebas. Sedegi miiRweva fundamenturi unarebis gavarjiSebiT, rogorebicaa: TanagrZnoba, urTierT-mosmena, TviTdamkvidreba da TanamSromloba. moswavleebs, romelTac es unarebi aqvT ganviTarebuli, SeuZliaT sakuTari emociebis marTva da sxvaTa grZnobebis ukeTesad aRqma (fareli da sxv., 1998). rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, usafrTxo skolis Sene-bisas aucilebelia saTanadod Sefasdes is roli, romelsac TviTSefaseba TamaSobs am procesSi (salmivali da sxv., 1999; o’muri da kirkhemi, 2001).

Mme-4 TavSi aRwerilia, rogor SeiZleba kurikulumSi socia-luri, emociuri da qcevis unarebis CarTva. mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswineba, Tu rogor CaerTveba treningi konfliqtTa gadaWris unarebis Sesaxeb. kanaduri programa “wynari gza” (The


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Pacific Path (ICCRM 2001) (ix. qvemoT, savarjiSo 6.2) kargi maga-liTia, romelic Zaladobis AaRmofxvrisaken mimaval erT-erT gzas gviCvenebs.

savarjiSo 6.2: konfliqtebis mogvarebis swavlebisaTvis saWiro resursebis analizi

evropaSi swrafad izrdeba moswavleTa treningebis raodenoba konfliqtebis mogvarebisa da Suamavlobis sakiTxebSi. Sesa-Zloa, aseTi programa Tqvens skolaSic moqmedebs. Tumca, es ar gamoricxavs Tqvens dainteresebas sxva arsebuli resursebiT, rogoricaa wynari gzis programa, romelic xelmisawvdomia frangul da inglisur enebze http://www.iccrm.com.

gaerTianebul samefoSi dRes ukve SesaZlebeli xdeba skolis personalis gawvrTna iseT organizaciebSi, rogoricaa “kon-fliqtTa gardaqmna” (Transforming Conflict) http://www.transforming-conflict.org da “realuri samarTlianoba” (Real Justice) http://www.realjuiste.org.

konkretuli magaliTi: ojaxi/skola/garemo – proeqti grenis skolaSi

moswavleTa da TviT maswavlebelTaTvis usafrTxo da mzrun-veli garemos Sesaqmnelad umTavres faqtorTa mniSvnelobas warmoaCens konkretuli magaliTi norvegiis skolaSi, sadac se-riozulma sirTuleebma iCina Tavi Zaladobis eskalaciis gamo.

grenis skola mdebareobs furusetSi, oslos mravalkul-turul raionSi. am skolaSi swavlobs 6-dan 15 wlamde asakis 450 moswavle. moswavleTa 62% aranorvegiuli warmoSobisaa (so-loi, 1998), 68.3%-is mSobliuri ena ar aris norvegiuli (o’muri da mintoni 2002). 1997 wlis ianvarSi erovnulma Jurnalma Asten-posten dabeWda:

“Zaladoba, iaraRis gamoyeneba, muqara moswavleebisa da maswav-leblebis misamarTiT, vandalizmi grenis skolaSi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilad iqca. moswavleTa jgufebi akontrolebdnen skolas teroris gziT, personali da xelmZRvaneloba ukiduresad saWiroebda daxmarebas... direqtorma da personalma mTlianad da-karges situaciaze kontroli (rolandi da sxv., 2001, gv.24-5).

1997 wlis agvistoSi daiwyo proeqti ojaxi/skola/garemo (sko-lis mmarTveli xelmZRvanelobisa da stavangeris universite-tis kolejis bihevioristuli kvlevis centris erToblivi proeqti). proeqts ekonomikurad daexmara bavSvTa da ojaxis

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saqmeTa saministro da oslos Temi. oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi dainerga Carevis sxvadasxva forma, maT Soris:

bihevioristuli kvlevis centris treningebi skolis Tanam-yySromelTaTvis;

mSobelTa da skolis personals Soris, agreTve skolis per-yysonalis SigniT TanamSromlobis gaumjobeseba da srulyo-fa;

moswavleTaTvis gankuTvnili aqtivobani;yy

skolis fizikur-esTetikuri garemos gaumjobeseba;yy

specialistebisa da aranorvegiuli warmoSobis personalis yysamuSaoze ayvana;

skolis tradiciebis Seqmna; skolis, rogorc “kulturuli yysaxlis” formireba;

gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis gamaxvileba socialur kompe-yytenturobaze.

2001 wlis agvistoSi, damoukidebelma Semfasebelma jgufma (detaluri informaciisaTvis ix. o’muri da mintoni, 2001) gamo-avlina ramodenime realuri miRweva:

Semcirda:

Zaladoba skolis zrdasruli personalis mimarT;yy

moswavleTaTvis miyenebuli ZaladobiT gamowveuli ziani;yy

bandebis Cadenili Zaladoba skolaSi;yy

garicxvis SemTxvevebi;yy

vandalizmi.yy

Ggaumjobesda:

TanamSromloba mSoblebTan;yy

personalis SerCeva da SenarCuneba;yy

skolis Sefaseba moswavleTa mxridan.yy

garemontda da sruliad Seicvala skola, romelic ocdaoTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi ar SekeTebula. skola gadaiReba im ferebiT, romlebic Tavad moswavleebma SearCies. kargad mofiqrebuli svla iyo moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi namuSevrebis gamofena, specialuri dekoraciebi festivalebisa da ardadegebisaTvis.

mniSvnelovnad Semcirda skolis xarjebi vandaluri aqtebis Sedegad dazianebuli obieqtebis aRdgenaze. 1996 wels dam-


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tvreuli fanjrebisa da karebis aRdgenis safasurma 120 000 norvegiuli kroneri Seadgina (15 023 evro), xolo kedlis war-werebisa da naxatebis gadaRebvas 113 000 norvegiuli kroneri dasWirda (14 147 evro). 2000 wlisaTvis es xarjebi, Sesabamisad, 5990 (750 evro) da 20 040 (2 509 evro) kroneramde Semcirda (o’mu-ri da mintoni, 2002).

grenis skolis proeqtma warmoaCina warmatebis xuTi safuZ-veli:

mediaciis samsaxuris danergva;yy

moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi unaris gamoyeneba;yy

sagnis specialisti maswavleblebis gamoyeneba;yy

mSoblebTan TanamSromloba;yy

treningebis Catareba skolis personalisaTvis eTnikuri yyumciresobis warmomadgenlebTan (moswavleebsa da mSobleb-Tan) urTierTobis saqmeSi.

grenis proeqtis warmatebis mTavar gasaRebad midgomaTa far-To speqtris gamoyeneba aRiares. rogorc skolis direqtorma Tqva: “es iyo ara erTi gonivruli migneba, aramed bevri patar-patara moqmedebis jami, romelmac warmatebamde migviyvana” (rolandi da sxv., 2001).

aRniSnuli proeqtis wyalobiT, grenis skolam ramodenime wamaxalisebeli jildo da prizi daimsaxura. 1998 wlis noemberSi, proeqtis moqmedebis dawyebidan 14 Tvis Semdeg (ufro mcire droSi, vidre proeqtis xangrZlivobis naxevari), Jurnali Aftenspoten-i (adre rom skolas Zalian akritikebda) Tavis wamyvan statiaSi iuwyeboda: “grenis skolam yoveldRiuri Zaladobis antidoti aRmoaCina” (soloi, 1998).

fizikuri usafrTxoebis xelSewyobis safexurebi

miuxedavad imisa, rom irlandiaSi saskolo Zaladobis done “zomierad dabalia” (mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis departamenti, 1999), sazogadoebis aRqmiT, Zaladobis msgavsi problemebi pro-gresirebs (glendeningi, 1999, gv. 353). am viTarebaze reagirebis mizniT, mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis departamentma, 1999 wels gamosca “saxelmZRvanelo principebi skolaSi Zaladobaze”, romelic saSualo skolebis xelmZRvanelebisaTvis aris gan-kuTvnili da rekomendacias iZleva, gaiTvaliswinon Semdegi:

samuSao adgilze usafrTxoebis, jandacvisa da keTildReo-yybis aqtis (1989) mixedviT, skolis administracias ekisreba

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valdebuleba, rom izrunos daqiravebulTa usafrTxoebaze, janmrTelobasa da keTildReobaze da skolaSi Sesabamisi garemos Seqmnaze;

skolebSi unda dainergos procedurebi ZaladobasTan yydakavSirebiT, maT Soris, saCivris wardgenis adekvaturi procedura;

skolasa da ojaxs Soris aucileblad unda arsebobdes kar-yygi urTierTobebi;

amaRldes skolis personalis codna Zaladobis, yoCobis, yydisciplinis, janmrTelobis da usafrTxoebis politikis irgvliv, personalma ganixilos am TemasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi;

skolaSi SeizRudos vizitorTa daSveba, saTamaSo moedanze yygamoiyenon niSnulebi; vizitorebma iqonion saSvebi da imyo-febodnen maTTvis gansazRvrul adgilas;

garkveul adgilebze Sesvlis ufleba mxolod maswavleb-yylebs unda mieceT, xolo mSobelTa da maswavlebelTa Sexved-rebi saskolo gegmis mixedviT Catardes;

dainergos da gatardes usafrTxoebis RonisZiebebi;yy

Sedges disciplinis kodeqsi, romlis mixedviT, maswavle-yybelTa winaaRmdeg Zaladobrivi saqcieli seriozul dar-Rvevad ganixileba, da, SesaZloa, dakavebis mizezic gaxdes.

Zaladobriv qmedebebSi CarTvis riskis Sefaseba

irlandiis maswavlebelTa nacionaluri organizaciis (INTO) 1993 wlis da mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis departamentis 1997 wlis monacemebis mixedviT, irlandiis skolebSi aradiscipli-nirebulobis dabali donis miuxedavad, bevr skolaSi (kerZod, qalaqis ekonomikurad sust da saSualo skolebSi) jer kidev arsebobs “ganuxrelad destruqciul” moswavleTa birTvi.

1993 wlis noemberSi INTO-m warmoadgina “angariSi dawyebiT sko-lebSi disciplinis Sesaxeb”, romelic 452 skolis gamokiTxvas daeyrdno. maTgan 91%-ma ganacxada, rom fizikuri yoCoba maT skolaSi problemaa, 77% seriozul disciplinarul problemad moswavleTa 5%-is saqciels afasebda, 70% azriT ki, moswavle-Ta 10%-is saqcieli qmnis mcire disciplinarul problemas.

INTO-s mixedviT, skolebSi disciplinis problemas ganapi-robebs ojaxuri da fsiqologiuri faqtorebi, aseve saskolo garemo. maT Soris: ojaxis dabali socialuri da materialuri


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done, mSoblebis umuSevroba, Raribuli sacxovrebeli adgili da saskolo garemocva.

o’murma Caatara kvleva irlandiis skolebSi yoCuri qcevis Se saxeb. kvlevis Sedegebi naTels hfens sakiTxs, rogor iqnan identificirebuli moswavleebi riskis jgufidan. yoCuri qceva gacilebiT xSiria im saSualo skolebSi, sadac didwilad daba-li socialuri da ekonomikuri fenidan gamosuli moswavleebi iyrian Tavs (o’muri da sxv., 1997).

garda amisa, marTalia, irlandiaSi sxva erovnebis rezidentTa ricxvi mcirea, eTnikuri kuTvnileba, rogorc Cans, mainc erT-erTi faqtoria: dawyebiTi skolis moswavle gogonaTa 7% da bi-Webis 9%, xolo saSualo skolis gogonaTa 4.8% da biWebis 8.1% aRniSnaven: “me mommarTavdnen Seuracxmyofeli sityvebiT Cemi ferisa da rasis gamo” (o’muri da sxv., 1997). INTO-s gamokiTxul skolaTa erTma mesamedma daadastura yoCobis SemTxvevebis ar-seboba eTnikur-rasobrivi niSniT.

rogorc karlsoni da kasavanti aRniSnaven, irlandiaSi droe-biT Camosuli moswavleebi “xSirad xdebian winaswari ganwyobisa da diskriminaciis msxverpli”. Aamaze miuTiTebs sxvadasxva sko-laSi Segrovebuli monacemebi. zogierTi skola uars eubneba droebiT Camosul moswavleebs skolaSi miRebaze. Tavad maswav-leblebic cotas moelian maTgan akademiuri moswrebis Tval-sazrisiT. droebiT Camosul moswavleebs, ZiriTadad, biWebs, klasSi disciplinis damrRvevebisa da CxubisTavebis reputacia aqvT. karlsoni da kasavanti amas imiT xsnian, rom gansxvavebu-lia adgilobrivi da droebiT Camosuli mosaxleobis kultura agresiul qcevasTan mimarTebiT: “agresia droebiT CamosulTa kulturis nawilia da biWebSi “karg tonadac” ki iTvleba, ram-denadac gabatonebulia azri, rom cxovreba daundobelia da Tavis gasatanad Cxubic unda iswavlo.”

wina samma kvlevam cxadyo, rom yoCuri qceva ufro xSiria im mos-wavleTa Soris, romelTac SezRuduli SesaZleblobebi aqvT emociuri, qcevis da SeTvisebis TvalsazrisiT. o’murisa da hileris (1989) kvlevebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebuli saWiroebe-bis mqone moswavleTa dawyebiT klasebSi 35.8% Cagravs Tanato-lebs, sxva klasebSi ki - 26.5%. birnim (1987) aRmoaCina, rom gansa-kuTrebuli saWiroebebis moswavleTa saSualo klasebSi yoCobs 9%, sxva klasebSi ki - mxolod 5%. niirghaili (1992) ikvlevda dublinis oTx dawyebiT skolas. Sedegebma gamoavlina, rom Cveu-lebriv klasebSi xSirad yoCobs an msxverpli xdeba moswavleTa 9.2%, xolo gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis moswavleTa klaseb-Si - 25.9%. garda amisa, Cveulebriv klasebSi SigadaSig yoCobs

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moswavleTa 33.3%, xolo gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis bavSvTa klasebSi es maCvenebeli 61.1%-mde izrdeba. ETumca, ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis klasebsa da specialur skolebSi Zaladobis problemas ver upasuxebs Tana-medrove evropuli farTomasStabiani kvleviTi proeqtebi.

saxifaTo adgilebis gansazRvra

irlandiis skolebSi, o’muris kvlevis farglebSi (o’muri da sxv., 1997), moswavleebs ekiTebodnen, sad moxda maTze yoCoba. dawyebiTi da Semdgomi klasebis moswavleTa pasuxebi aseTia:

yoCobis adgili

dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleebi

Semdgomi klasebis moswavleebiKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK

saTamaSo moedanze 74% 27%

saklaso oTaxSi 31% 47%

derefanSi 7% 37%

sxva adgilebSi* 16% 15%

* ”sxva adgilebSi” igulisxmeba: tualeti, gasaxdeli, nivTebis Sesanaxi adgilebi da saZinebeli skola-internatebSi

kvlevisas moswavleebs Txoves, CamoeweraT, maTi azriT, rogor aRmoifxvreboda yoCoba. gamoikveTa saintereso Sedegebi: moswavleTa 65%-ma saerTod ar upasuxa kiTxvas; 2.6% ganac-xada, rom saWiroa ezoSi morige maswavleblebis raodenobis gazrda;1.3%-is azriT ki, skolaSi saTvalTvalo kamerebi unda damontaJdes (o’muri da mintoni, 2003). grenis skolaSi ganxor-cielebuli proeqtis - ojaxi/skola/garemo farglebSi, moswav-leTa da mozrdilTa usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisa da Zala-dobasTan brZolis gaZlierebis mizniT, dawesda maswavlebelTa morigeoba ezoSi. Tan, morigeebs mkveTri, TvalSi sacemi feris Jiletebi ecvaT (o’muri da mintoni, 2002). igive RonisZiebas iT-valiswinebs yoCobis sawinaaRmdego programa “zero” (Zero) nor-vegiuli skolebisaTvis, romelsac bihevioristuli kvleviTi centri axorcielebs.


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savarjiSo 6.3: saxifaTo adgilebis gauvnebelyofa

skolas SeiZleba hqondes monacemebi Zaladobis, maT Soris, yo-Cobis SemTxvevebisa da sxeulis dazianebebis Sesaxeb. SesaZle-belia am monacemTa gaanalizeba SemTxvevis adgilisa da drois identifikaciisaTvis.

Tu msgavsi informacia ar gaqvT, gamogadgebaT me-2 TavSi mo-cemuli incidentis angariSis forma. aqvea ganmartebuli mo-nacemTa Segrovebisa da analizis wesi auditis procesSi. amas-Tan, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom incidentis angariSis forma zustad ver asaxavs moswavleTa piradi usafrTxoebis gancdas. sasurvelia, mogvianebiT Catardes mcire, ufro mravalmxrivi gamokiTxva, raTa dadgindes, sad da rodis grZnoben moswavlee-bi Tavs usafrTxod.

gansxvavebuli saxifaTo adgilebisTvis problemis gadaWris gansxvavebuli gzebi arsebobs. Aam da me-5 TavSi mocemuli idee-bi dagexmarebaT, moswavleTa mxardaWeriT kargad dagegmoT RonisZiebebi viTarebis gasaumjobeseblad.

araZaladobis eTosis Seqmna xelovnebis saSualebiT

qvemoT warmodgenili magaliTebi gviCvenebs, Tu rogor gamoi-yeneba gamomsaxvelobiTi da saSemsruleblo xelovneba sko-laSi araZaladobis garemos gasaumjobeseblad da konvivensiis dasamkvidreblad. am procesSi moswavleebi Tavad cvlian samu-Sao garemos da iTviseben sxvebTan urTierTobisa Tu gamoxat-vis unarebs, rac ganaviTarebs socialur, emociur da bihevio-ristul unar-Cvevebs.

posterebi da naxatebi. Bbevr axalgazrdas Zalian uyvars xatva da gaformeba. sxvebs SeuZliaT kompiuteriT posterebi, flaerebi da dokumentebi daamzadon maRal profesiul doneze. gamom-saxvelobiTi xelovneba martivi da, amasTan, efeqtiani gzaa ax-algazrdebis SemoqmedebiTi SesaZleblobebis gamosavlenad. am gziT isini TavianT mesijs agzavnian Zaladobis winaaRmdeg. umcrosi asakis moswavleebic ki ise xataven, rom gasaocrad gamosaxaven yoCobis maTeul gagebas. ufrosi asakis moswavlee-bi ki posterebis dasamzadeblad iyeneben TavianT gamocdile-bas, kerZod, nimuSebs popularuli mediidan Tu reklamebidan da amgvarad upirispirdebian yoCobas.

skulptura. Mmetad faqizi emociuri bunebis axalgazrdebs (da TviT zrdasrul kuratorebs) SeuZliaT aratradiciuli skul-

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pturis meSveobiT gadmoscen TavianTi yvelaze sufTa wlebis aRmafrena. aseTi xelovnebis nimuSebi amdidrebs skolis gare-mos. amasTan, SemoqmedebiTi procesis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia skulptorTaTvis Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli gzavnile-bis Casanergad. magaliTad gamodgeba skulptura, romelic boT-lebisagan gaakeTes.Mmoswavleebs SeuZliaT gadaakeTon boTlebi radac undaT, miscen maT nebismieri forma, magram aucileblad unda daicvan erTi ZiriTadi wesi: namuSevari rames unda ambob-des Zaladobis aRsakveTad Catarebuli samuSaos Sesaxeb.

meore ZiriTadi wesi aseTia: skulpturaze erToblivi muSao-bis procesSi, daaxloebiT, 15 wuTSi erTxel, kuratori moswav-leebs aCerebs da sTxovs wreSi Cadgnen, raTa erTad ganixilon, rogor midis skulpturis keTeba. kuratori unda Seecados, rom jgufs saintereso kiTxvebi dausvas, raTa xeli Seuwyos diskusiis warmarTvas klasSi: “mocemuli davaleba advilia, Tu imaze rTuli, vidre varaudobdiT?”, “ras unda niSnavdes saku-Tari fiqrebisa da gancdebis gadmocema skulpturaze muSao-bis gziT?”, “gexmarebaT es procesi, ifiqroT yoCur qcevaze da win aRudgeT mas sxvadasxva gziT?”, “ras fiqrobT namuSevrebis gamofenaze?”.

da bolos, sajaro gamofena: boTlebisagan gakeTebuli skulpturebi, xSirad, Zalian mimzidvelia. maTi zomebis gamo gamofenis mowyobac Zalian martivia. Tumca, Tu moswavleebs es ar surT, maTi azri aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia.

musika.M musikaluri kompozicia Zalian popularulia moswav-leTa erT nawils Soris da efeqtisaTvis damatebiTi gaforme-ba ar sWirdeba. simReris teqstis dawera, riTmisa da martivi vokaluri melodiebis Seqmna SeuZlia yvelas, umcrosi asakis moswavleebsac da maTac, vinc Tavs “Zalian aramusikalurad” Tvlis.

drama, filmi da warmodgena. warmodgenebis gamarTva Zalian sasargebloa moswavleTa codnis gasaRrmaveblad sxvadasxva sakiTxis garSemo. TumcaRa, arsebobs erTi saSiSroeba: araswor-ma SerCevam SeiZleba gamoiwvios im moswavleTa xelaxali tram-vireba, romlebic “realurad” iyvnen Zaladobis msxverp lni. SesaZloa, umjobesi iyos, maTi gamoyeneba Zaladobisa da yo-Curi qcevis garSemo sakvanZo sakiTxebis mimoxilvaSi, rogore-bicaa TanatolTa zewola, megobrobis dinamika da “grZnobebis marTva”. D

drama aris an, ukidures SemTxvevaSi, SeuZlia iyos Zlieri me-diumi, romelsac miTiTeba axasiaTebs. skolebs SeuZliaT war-


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matebiT gamoiyenon ramdenime piesa yoCobis sawinaaRmdego Si-naarsiT. SesaZlebelia skolaSi originaluri piesis dadgmac, magram am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs scenaris redaqtireba unda SeeZloT. filmis scenaris Seqmnis procesi daexmareba bavSvebs Zaladobisa da yoCobis problemisa da misi Sedegebis aRqmasa da SefasebaSi.

ZiriTadi socialuri unarebis ganviTareba: sibrazis marTva

bevri axalgazrda xdeba Zaladobis Tanamonawile imitom, rom mas ar SeuZlia an EeZneleba gaakontrolos Tavi gabrazebis dros. aseT SemTxvevaSi moswavle sibrazes gamoxatavs ori Se-saZlo formiT. Ppirveli, moswavles gareT gamoaqvs sibraze (gabrazeba SeiZleba gamoiwvios SemTxvevam saxlSi (magaliTad, konfliqti mSoblebs Soris) an skolaSi (magaliTad, moswavlem SeiZleba CaTvalos, rom maswavlebeli usamarTlod moeqca)). aseT dros moswavle boRmas anTxevs “usafrTxo samizneze”, rac tipuria yoCobis dros. meore, moswavle sibrazes gulSi iklavs. am dros emocia grovdeba sakuTar TavSi, rac imedgacruebisa da siZulvilis mZafr gancdas iwvevs. SesaZloa, aman moswavle sa-kuTari Tavisadmi zianis miyenebamde an TviTmkvlelobis ideam-dec ki miiyvanos. aqedan gamomdinare, uaRresad mniSvnelivania, moswavleebi wavaxalisoT, rom maT TavianTi mZafri gancdebisa da emociebis mizezebi sxvebsac gauziaron. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, moswavleebma TavianTi SesaZleblobis farglebSi unda Seiswavlon sibrazis fenomeni da masTan urTierToba.

savarjiSo 6.4: rogor davexmaroT moswavleebs sibrazis marTvaSi

qvemoT warmodgenili rekomendaciebi daexmareba skolebs, rom urTierTobebis, emociuri da qceviTi unarebis swavlebaSi sib-razis marTvis treningi CarTon.

sibrazis marTvis sakiTxze ramdenime programa momzadda da gamoica. es programebi konfliqtis mogvarebis programebis umniSvnelovanes nawils Seadgenen. qvemoT mocemuli savarji-Soebi daexmareba skolebs sibrazis marTvis programis SemuSa-vebaSi sawyis etapze.

qvemoT moyvanilia tipuri SekiTxvebi, romlebic SeiZleba dai-svas saklaso ganxilvebisa an ufro formaluri mecadineobebis dros:

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rogoria sibrazis gancda? rodesac individi brazdeba, misi yyfiziologia icvleba - guliscemisa da sunTqvis sixSire izrdeba, sisxlis mimoqceva Zlierdeba, kunTebi iWimeba, muclis areSi da zemoT aJrialebT (“peplebis SegrZneba”). es simptomebi axalgazrdebma unda aRiqvan, rogorc sxeu-lidan miRebuli “gamafrTxilebeli niSnebi”: “Tu Tavs am-gvarad grZnobT da Tan raRac gaRizianebT, izruneTA Tavis damSvidebaze!”

rogor iqceviT roca brazdebiT? isaubreT imis Sesaxeb, rom yysibrazis dros sxvadasxva adamiani sxvadasxvagvarad iqceva. erTma sibraze, SesaZloa, kiviliT da yviriliT gamoxatos, meorem SeiZleba itiros (es aris sibrazisa da frustraciis cremlebi, da ara sevdiT gamowveuli cremli). zog adamians SeuZlia sruli siCume SeinarCunos. moswavleebma unda ifiq-ron maTi gabrazebis stilze;

ra gvabrazebs? moswavleebTan unda visaubroT imaze, rom yyadamianebi sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvamen sagnebs da sxvadasxva rameze brazdebian. moswavleebi unda dafiqrdnen da, iqneb, Camoweron kidec, ra abrazebT. “Tu Tqveni sibraze prob-lemebs giqmniT, SegiZliaT Tavi aaridoT, rac gabrazebT, an sxvagvarad SexedoT mas?”

sibrazis grZnobasTan gamklavebis ra gzebi SeiZleba gamov-yynaxoT? moswavleebma unda gaiazron, rom mravali gansxva-vebuli gza arsebobs. zogjer adamiani martivad daokdeba gonebaSi aTamde daTvliT. es aSoSminebs mas da iZleva dam-Svidebisa da Tavis gakontrolebis Sanss. zogi sibrazis da-sacxromad amjobinebs sasiamovno, mSvidi an saxaliso ambis gaxsenebas. sxvebi iwyeben an uerTdebian iseT Temaze sau-bars, romelic gansxvavdeba maTi sibrazis wyarosagan. arian iseTebic, vinc ganitvirTeba sando adamianTan gandobiT ise, rom zians ar miayenebs aravis. da bolos, zogi sibrazes gandevnis sportuli an sxva saxis varjiSiT. Tu moswavleebs aqvT sibrazis kontrolis problema, miT ufro, Tu adre amis gamo problemebs wawydomian, xeli unda SevuwyoT sibrazes-Tan gamklavebis gzebis gamoZebnaSi. Tan unda gvaxsovdes, rom sxvadasxva viTarebaSi sxvadasxva meTodi gamodgeba.

ZiriTadi socialuri unarebis ganviTareba: xasiaTis simtkice

xasiaTis simtkice SesaniSnavi Tvisebaa im moswavleTaTvis, rom-lebic Zaladobis msxverplad iqcnen an maRali riskis qveS im-yofebian. Tumca, es Tviseba unda gamoiyenon mxolod sityvier


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agresiasa an yoCobasTan gasamklaveblad. Tu moswavleebi fizi-kur zewolas ganicdian, maT aucileblad unda mimarTon vinmes daxmarebisaTvis.

martivi asaxsnelia, ratom exmareba xasiaTis simtkice Zaladobas Tan gamklavebas: moswavleebs unda ganvumartoT, rom agresiuli adamianebis mizania TavianTi msxverplis wyo-bidan gamoyvana. es SeiZleba iyos tirili, gabrazeba, wyena da kontrolis dakargva. Aaqedan gamomdinare, Tu vinme SeZlebs, ar Seim Cnios wyena, agresori Seecdeba amisTvis sxva gza gamonaxos. Tu msxverpli moaxerxebs wyenis ugulebelyofas, agresori neb-deba, an vinme sxvaze gadainacvlebs. maSinac ki, Tu msxverpli gulSi nawyeni rCeba, magram garegnulad sibrazes ar amJRavnebs, amiT agresors eubneba: “Sen ver miaRwie sawadels!” xasiaTis sim-tkice axalgazrdebs unda ganvumartoT, rogorc gverdSi amod-goma agresiisa da Zaladobis gareSe. gverdSi amodgoma ki unda niSnavdes brZolas, oRond arafizikurs.

savarjiSo 6.5: rogor CavunergoT xasiaTis simtkice

6.4 savarjiSos msgavsad, skolebma SeiZleba imsjelon, rogor Caunergon moswavleebs (da momsaxure peresonals) xasiaTis si-mtkice - es socialuri, emociuri da qceviTi Cvevebis progra-mis nawilia. xasiaTis simtkicis gansaviTareblad dasaSvebia programaSi Semdegi sakiTxebis CarTva da swavleba:

ideqiT welSi gamarTuli, gqondeT TviTdajerebuli yygamomet yveleba, ilaparakeT mkafiod da mtkiced, agresiul adamianebs uyureT pirdapir TvalebSi (Tvalebs nu daxriT!) da uTxariT, rom ginda is gaCerdes;

uTxariT agresiul adamianebs, rom arad dagidevT, ras yyfiqroben Tqvenze da salanZRavi sityvebiT ver gaganawye-neben;

uTxariT agresiul adamianebs, rom srulebiT ar ganaR-yyvlebT is, rac, maTi azriT, sawyenia. magaliTad: “mere ra, rom dabali var? sul ar medardeba!” an “ra moxda, rom saT-vales vatareb? mgoni, Zalianac mixdeba!”;

gaxsovdeT, rom problema swored agresiul adamians aqvs da yyara mis samiznes. hkiTxeT mas mSvidad da TavdajerebiT: “ra problemaa?”

kargi iqneba am taqtikis winaswari repeticia mis gamoyenebamde. moswavleebma es SeiZleba ganaxorcielon sakuTar warmodge-naSi an amxanagebTan erTad, an, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, saxlSi

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- mSoblebis daxmarebiT. aseT dros kargi iqneba Tu mSoblebi “mwvrTnelis” rolSi mogvevlinebian. moswavleebi unda Seeca-don, warmoidginon yvelaze uaresi, rac ki agresorma SeiZleba Tqvas, iseTi ram, risi mosmenac maT yvelaze metad aSinebT da dagegmon, rogor gascen agresias damajerebeli pasuxi (an da-vexmaroT swori reagirebis dagegmvaSi).

skolis sazogadoebis Zalisxmeva usafrTxo (da metad usafrTxo) saskolo garemocvis Sesaqmnelad

yoCobis sawinaaRmdego kvlevisa da Carevis praqtikis aRiare-buli Strixia skolis sazogadoebis sxvadasxva jgufis Car Tva skolaSi Zaladobisa da, miT ufro, yoCobis aRmofxvrisa da prevenciis saqmeSi. is cnobilia saerTo saskolo midgomis sa-xeliT (ix. olveusi, 1983; olveusi, 1997, o’muri da mintoni, 2005, smiti da Sarpi, 1994). me-3 TavSi es sakiTxi detalurad aris gan-xiluli. am nawilSi, magaliTebze dayrdnobiT, yuradRebas ga-vamaxvilebT saskolo garemos usafrTxoebis gaumjobesebaze ufrosebis monawileobiT.

konkretuli SemTxveva: muSaoba ojaxebTan

1990 wels irlandiis respublikaSi ganxorcielda sacdeli proeqti saxli/skola/sazogadoebis kavSiri. SearCies raione-bi, romlebSic socialuri ganviTarebis done SedarebiT daba-li iyo. 55 dawyebiT skolaSi 30 maswavlebeli gaaTavisufles sas wavlo datvirTvisagan 1-dan 3 wlamde periodiT da daakis-res mekavSire-koordinatorTa funqcia. 1993 wlis seqtembri-dan ki proeqtSi monawilebda 86 koordinatori 106 dawyebiT da 26 saSualo skolaSi (ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis departamenti, 1993w). proeqtis sainiciativo jgufis mTavari mizani gaxldaT: “mSobelTa da maswavlebelTa partniorobis ganviTareba bav-SvTa aRzrdis gasaumjobeseblad. iniciativebi fokusirebuli iyo pirdapir ufrosebze (mSoblebsa da maswavleblebze) da naklebad moswavleebze, magram iribad zemoqmedebda bavSvTa cxovrebaze droTa ganmavlobaSi. (ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis departamenti 1993, gv.149-50).

praqtikulad, saxli/skola/sazogadoebis kavSiris proeqtis farglebSi, maswavleblis muSaoba moicavs:

vizitebs ojaxSi;yy

RonisZiebebis dagegmvasa da ganxorcielebas mSobleb-yyTan erTad maTi saWiroebebis gaTvaliswinebiT (pirovnuli ganviTareba, bavSvTa aRzrda, Tavisufali dro, saSinao


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davalebis Sesrulebaze kontroli, saskolo Sexvedrebi, erTad kiTxvis praqtika);

saganmanaTleblo institutebsa da sxva saganmanaTleblo yycentrebTan kavSirebis damyareba da SenarCuneba.

grenis skolaSi ganxorcielebuli saxli/skola/sazogadoebis kavSiris proeqtis erT-erTi mizani iyo skolasa da ojaxs So-ris TanamSromlobis gaZliereba da erT-erTi mTavari sazru-navi – mSoblebTan TanamSromlobis gaumjobeseba. siaxleebs Soris iyo dedebis jgufis Seqmna, maswavleblebis Sexved-rebi pirvelklaselTa mSoblebTan, danaSaulebrivi bandebis monawileTa mSoblebsa da emigrant/aranorvegiuli warmoSobis mSoblebTan. da bolos, unda aRiniSnos is faqti, rom aranor-vegiuli warmoSobis maswavleblebi (TiToeuli maTgani muSao-bda maTi enobrivi jgufis mSoblebTan) asrulebda Tarjimnis rols mSoblebsa da direqtors Soris Sexvedrebze (o’muri da mintoni, 2002).

skolis farTo sazogadoebis CarTva

Zaladobisa da yoCobis problemisadmi erTiani saskolo mid-gomis maxasiaTebelia skolis farTo sazogadoebis CarTuloba. 1983 wels norvegiis skolebSi mTeli qveynis masStabiT Catarda pirveli kampania “yoCi-msxverpli” problemis aRmofxvris miz-niT. programis avtori den olveusi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom programis ori umTavresi komponentia: “mozrdili adamianebis codnis gaRrmaveba da maTi CarTva” da “sakonferencio dReebis organizeba skolaSi” (olveusi, 1999). aseTi iyo erTiani sasko-lo midgoma yoCobis problemisadmi ukanaskneli ori aTwleu-lis ganmavlobaSi da darCeba kidec, irlandiis skolebSi yoCo-bis winaaRmdeg Carevis programis mixedviT (o’muri da mintoni, 2003; o’muri da mintoni, 2005).

magaliTad, niderlandebSi holandiel mSobelTa oTxi aso-ciaciis mxardaWeriT Seiqmna erovnuli saganmanaTleblo pro-tokoli yoCobis winaaRmdeg. maT daiwyes erToblivi muSaoba skolebSi Zaladobis problemis aRmosafxvrelad (bongersi, 2001). gamoica broSura saTauriT “rogor gavumklavdeT yoCo-bas skolaSi: rekomendaciebi, Sedegebi da detaluri informa-cia”. broSuraSi mocemulia Svid safexuriani saxelmZRvanelo principebi dawyebiTi da saSualo skolebisaTvis, yoCobis sawi-naaRmdego politikis SesamuSaveblad, romelic moicavs mSo-belTa asociaciebis, saTemo sabWoebisa da skolis xelmZRva-nelobis erTobliv moqmedebas (bongersi, 2001; bongersi da sxv., 2003). 1998 wels amoqmedda kanadis mTavrobis nacionaluri

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strategia sazogadoebis usafrTxoebisa da sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulTa prevenciisaTvis da gamoqveynda yoCobis faqtebi. es strategia iTvaliswinebs muSaobas sazogadoebasa da sko-lasTan, maT Soris, moswavleebTan, mSoblebTan, aRmzrdeleb-Tan, praqtikosebsa da sxv., yoCobis aRkveTisaTvis masobrivi iniciativebis SemuSavebisa da gaziarebisaTvis (sazogadoebis usafrTxoebisa da sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulTa prevenciis erovnuli strategia, 2004).

grenis skolaSi ganxorcielebuli ojaxi/skola/garemo proeq-tis ori Semdgomi mizani iyo: skolis gadaqceva Zlier adgilob-riv centrad da adgilobriv moxalise organizaciebTan Tanam-Sromloba.

proeqtis ganxorcielebis procesSi, sagangebo ZalisxmeviT moekidnen skolis tradiciebis damkvidrebas. es moicavda Teat ralur da SemoqmedebiT muSaobas, karnavalebis mowyobas, saSobao da saaRdgomo sadResaswaulo sauzmeebs, meoTxedan mexuTe da meSvidedan merve safexurze gadasvlisas specia luri cere moniebis organizebas, meSvide da meaTe safexurebis bo-los diplomebis gadacemas. Sedegad, skola iqca erTgvar “kul-turis saxlad” – aq aRiniSneba gaeros dReebi, vietnamuri axali weli, ramadani, musulmanuri dResaswaulebi, idgmeba speqtak-lebi, cekvebi da musikaluri warmodgenebi, , koncertebi. aqvea internet-kafe da “Ria saxli” – moswavleebis, skolis Tanam-Sromlebis da adgilobrivi sazogadoebis wevrTa intensiuri Sexvedrebis adgili (o’muri da mintoni, 2002).

Pprofesiuli daxmarebis qselis Seqmna

1996 wels mTeli qveynis masStabiT amoqmedda yoCobis sawinaaR-mdego meore programa norvegiis skolebisaTvis. es mravalmxri-vi da prevenciuli programa iTvaliswinebda skolisa da klase-bis marTvis organizaciul aspeqtebs da iyenebda damxmare qsels, romelSic CarTuli iyo 350 profesionali: mkvlevarebi, ganaTlebis fsiqologebi da meTodisti maswavleblebi (rolan-di, 2000);

Semdgomi erovnuli programa, “samtaki” (Samtak), romelic igive principebs efuZneboda, ganxorcielda 2002-2003 wlebSi. Ees iyo ufro farTo programa romelic aqcents akeTebda ara mxolod yoCobis problemaze, aramed moicavda agreTve socialur, qceviT da emociur sirTuleebs, Zaladobasa da antisazoga-doebriv qcevas (rolandi, 2000).


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irlandiaSi Cveulebriv maswavlebelTa garda, romlebic mTeli datvirTviT muSaoben, arian damxmare maswavleblebic, klasis specialuri maswavleblebi, qcevis makoreqtirebeli maswav-leblebi, meTodistebi, vizitori maswavleblebi, saxli/skola/sazogadoebis kavSiris proeqtis maswavleblebi da mrCevel-instruqtorebic. Ees “damxmare” maswavleblebi Seadgenen mTeli qveynis maswavlebelTa saerTo raodenobis 8%-s (ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro 1993).

dublinSi dResdReobiT dabali socialuri ganviTarebis raionebis 42 skolaSi moqmedebs maswavlebelTa mxardamWeri programa, romelic dawyebiTi ganaTlebisTvisaa gankuTvnili. es is skolebia, sadac SesamCnevia moswavleTa destruqciulo-bisa da udisciplinobis problemebi (jordani, 1999).M damxmare maswavleblebs evalebaT, metad gaaZlieron bavSvis kompleq-sur ganviTarebaze mimarTul RonisZiebaTa efeqtianoba da mTlianad saskolo muSaoba (sxva maswavleblebTan, mSoblebsa da skolis samsaxurebTan erTad).

1998 wels safrangeTis ganaTlebis ministris direqtiviT amoq medda Zaladobis sawinaaRmdego proeqti, romelic iTva-liswinebda 21-29 wlis asakis ganaTlebis asistentebis CarTvas. isini, rogorc erTgvari mediatorebi, monawileobdnen sxva-dasxva samuSaoTa SesrulebaSi, xels uwyobdnen urTierTobas moswavleebsa da maswavleblebs Soris da Tavadac iRebdnen gamocdilebas aRmzrdelobiT-saganmanaTleblo sakiTxebSi. debarbiu da montoia (1999 debarbiu da sxv., 2003) aRniSnaven, rom am midgomam imuSava mxolod im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac: (1) skolas hqonda Zlieri kultura; (2) personalis gadineba dabali iyo da (3) skola keTilganwyobiT xvdeboda ganaTlebis asistentebs, xolo isini asrulebdnen Tavdapirvelad gansazRvrul fun-qcias da mxolod zedamxedvelobiT ar Semoifarglebodnen.

grenis skolaSi ganxorcielebuli proeqti - “ojaxi/skola/sa-zogadoeba” -miznad isaxavda profesionalTa TanamSromlobis gaZlierebas. Tavdapirvelad, bihevioristuli kvlevis centri uzrunvelyofda yvela maswavleblis trenings klasis mar Tvis sakiTxebSi. treningi moicavda iseT Temebs, rogorebicaa: kla-sisa da saklaso oTaxis marTva, rCevebis miwodeba maswavle-blebisaTvis TanatolTa mxridan, mSoblebTan SeTanxmebuli muSaoba, disciplinis damrRvev moswavleTa jgufebis daSla da saintereso, mimzidvel RonisZiebaTa ganrigis Sedgena (rolandi da sxv., 2001 w.). dainerga mudmivi Sexvedrebi skolasa da bavSvTa socialuri daxmarebis organoebs Soris. amasTan, Seiqmna pro-fesionalTa forumi, romelic xels uwyobda Tanam Sromlobas

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konkretul SemTxvevebSi. proeqtis saqmianobis xelSesawyobad da gasafarToeblad samuSaoze aiyvanes specialistebi: musika-luri jgufis xelmZRvaneli, cekvis maswavlebeli, kompozito-ri, zRapruli istoriebis mTxrobeli, TamaSebis xelmZRvaneli, biblioTekari dawyebiTi klasebisaTvis. aRniSnuli specia-listebi ar iyvnen dakavebulni srul samuSao dRes. samagi-erod, sruli datvirTviT muSaobdnen skolis biblioTekari da moswavleTa mediatori. aqtiuri Zalisxmeva moxmarda ara-norvegiuli warmomavlobis TanamSromlebis samuSaoze ayvanas – TanamSromlebi eTnikur umciresobaTagan metad ergebodnen mSoblebsa da moswavleebs lingvisturi da kulturuli Tval-sazrisiT (o’muri da mintoni, 2002).

grenis skolaSi aqtiurad ayavdaT samuSaoze damatebiTi spe-cialistebi, Tumca, es aucilebeli araa yvela skolisaTvis, Zaladobriv qcevas rom eWideba. skolis xelmZRvanelobam SeniSna, rom am proeqtis warmatebis erT-erTi sakvanZo mizezia TanamSromelTa erTiani frontis Seqmna Zaladobis winaaRmdeg da Sesabamisi strategiis ganuxreli danergva. Tu vinme ecdeba, rac SeiZleba ukeT gamoiyenos mis xelT arsebuli pirovnuli resursi, TvalsaCino Sedegs miaRwevs maSin, roca yvela Tanam-Sromeli SeTanxmebulad “mReris erT himns erTi da imave sanoto furclidan”. am fundamenturi faqtoris ignorireba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba, Tu skola mTlianad cdilobs Zalado-bis aRmofxvras an nebismier sxva rames.


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Tavi 7mxardaWera skolis personals

treningis CarCo: “mSvidobis virusis” danergva – konvivensiis garemos xelSewyoba

jorj robinsoni, barbara mainsi, robin hromeki

es Tavi daexmareba skolebs:

Gganixilon, Tu ra sakiTxebi unda icodes personalma skola-yySi arsebuli Zaladobis sworad gaazrebisa da, saerTod, am mimarTulebiT TanamSromelTa ganviTarebisaTvis;

mTeli skolisaTvis SeimuSaon programa Zaladobis aRmofx-yyvris Sesaxeb treningis Casatareblad;

gamoiyenon sxvadasxva aqtivobani ZiriTadi sakiTxebis Se-yysaxeb cnobierebis amaRlebisa da mTel skolaSi erTiani midgomis Camoyalibebis mizniT;

SeimuSaon personalis treningisa da daxmarebis programa.yy

am TavSi ganxilulia bevrad meti sxva aqtivoba, radgan Seqmni-lia imisaTvis, rom praqtikulad daexmaros personalis tre-ningisa da daxmarebis process.

`mSvidobis virusi~_ es saxeli ewoda process, romelic iTva-lis winebs skolebis mier Zaladobis nebismieri formis sawi-naaRmdego standartebis miRwevasa da SenarCunebas, demokra-tiuli da urTierTpativiscemiT gamsWvaluli erToblivi mu-SaobiT. universaluri, miznobrivi da klinikuri programebis saSualebiT iqmneba iseTi socialuri garemo, sadac pirovneba-Ta Soris konfliqtis gadasaWrelad dawesebul da yvelasTvis misaReb normad iTvleba prosocialuri midgomebis gamoyeneba. am TavSi Camoyalibebuli midgoma stimuls aZlevs ufrosebs, sanimuSo magaliTi miscen moswavleebs sxvebisadmi pativisce-mis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT, gaxdnen emociebis erTgvari mwvrTnelebi da daexmaron im moswavleebs, romelTac ar aqvT socialur-emociuri unar-Cvevebi, uxelmZRvanelon maT prob-lemaTa gadaWris procesSi. universaluri programebi moq-medebs rogorc saklaso oTaxebSi, aseve saTamaSo moednebze, xolo sirTuleebis warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi, inergeba miznobri-

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vi programebi. Tu problemis aRmofxvra gaZnelda, procesSi mSoblebi da meurveebi CaerTvebian. amgvar sistematur midgo-mas sadiagnostiko mniSvneloba aqvs, radgan droulad gamoav-lens qronikuli qceviTi sirTuleebis mqone moswavleebs da SesaZlebeli xdeba Careva adreul etapze. `mSvidobis viruss~ ki Semdegi elementebi qmnian:

xelmZRvaneloba mozrdilTa mxridan

xelmZRvanelobas sakvanZo mniSvneloba aqvs pirovnebaTa So-ris maRali xarisxis urTierTobebis dasamkvidreblad da gaum-jobesebis programebis dasanergad. pativiscemiT ganmsWva-luli da Rirseuli damokidebuleba “tons aZlevs” skolas. warmatebuli liderebi Ria diskusiebs atareben skolis prio-ritetebis Sesaxeb, uzrunvelyofen sazogadoebis CarTulobas da informirebas. skolis saWiroebaTa dasakmayofileblad aucilebelia enTuziazmis gamovlena axali ideebis wamoWris, resursebiT momaragebisa da skolis personalis mxardaWeris saqmeSi. idealur SemTxvevaSi lideris funqcias skolis direq-tori asrulebs, Tumca, es funqcia SeiZleba Tavis Tavze aiRos nebismierma dainteresebulma pirma da TanamSromelTa jgufma kolegebTan Sexvedrebisas an mSobelTa krebaze aqtualuri sakiTxebis wamoweviTa da araZaladobrivi, pativiscemaze da-fuZnebuli qcevis danergviT.

savarjiSo 7.1: skolis kultura

ganixileT Semdegi gancxadeba:

`istoriulad, pedagogika disciplinasa da dasjas efuZneboda. swavlis konkurentul sistemebsa Tu individualur Zalisxme-vas udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda akademiuri warmatebisaTvis. umetesobas aseTi ram, garkveulwilad, sakuTar Tavze aqvs ga-mocdili da rodesac problemebs awydeba, xvdeba, rom es midgo-mebi maincdamainc gamosadegi ver aris. bevri skola muSaobs ̀ sa-davo~ midgomiT, TiTqos Zaladobisa da miuRebeli qcevis mos-wavles eubneba, rom aseTi qmedeba Sewynarebuli ar iqneba, pro-socialur qcevas maT dasja aswavlis. samwuxarod, dasjisa da skolidan garicxvis aqcentireba da masze zedmetad dayrdnoba skolaSi mtrul garemos qmnis da siZulvilisa da SurisZiebis uwyvet cikls badebs. kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom sasjelze da-fuZnebuli Carevebi, Cveulebriv, problemuri qcevis sixSiris zrdas iwvevs~ (donelani da sxvebi, 1988; g.r. meieri, b. sulzer-azarofi, 1990).

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mSoblebi da ganaTlebis sferos specialistebi, Cans, eTanxme-bian araZaladobriv filosofias skolebsa da ojaxebSi. SeiZle-ba SevTanxmdeT imazec, rom pozitiurze orientirebuli, kar-gad organizebuli, pativiscemaze dafuZnebuli da usafrTxo skolebi xels uwyoben swavlebis process. Tumca, urTierToba-Ta formebisa da am TvalsazrisiT arsebuli praqtikis Seswav-la gviCvenebs, rom xSirad Zaladoba sityvebsa da moqmedebebSi vlindeba. ase rom, aucilebelia kulturis Secvla.

aris Tu ara Tqveni skola usafrTxo sazogadoebis yvela wevri-saTvis?

SegiswavliaT Tu ara:

mozrdilebi, rogorc nimuSebi;yy

ra SesaZleblobebs aZlevT Tqvens moswavleebs imisaTvis, yyrom iswavlon araZaladobrivi qceva da imoqmedon Sesaba-misad?

ra saSualebebiT ebrZviT miuRebel qcevebs – ZiriTadad, yysasjels mimarTavT, Tu sxvagvar qcevas aswavliT?

savarjiSo 7.2: maswavleblebi, rogorc moswavleni

ganixileT Semdegi gancxadeba:

`Tanamedrove epoqa maswavleblebisaTvis yvelaze saintereso periodia maT profesiaSi. kidev erTxel davZenT, rom pedagogis roli icvleba. im pirobebSi, rodesac maswavleblis tradiciul funqcias ufro da ufro xSirad teqnologiebi enacvleba, peda-gogebs kvlav uwevT moswavleTaTvis kritikuli azrovnebis swav-leba da emfatikurad maT gverdSi dgoma. kritikuli azrovneba momavali moqalaqeebisa da muSakebis erT-erTi umTavresi una-ria, xolo iseTi maswavlebeli, romelic icnobs Tavis moswav-leebs, esmis maTi da uaRresad dainteresebulia maTi swavliTa da akademiuri moswrebiT, ra Tqma unda, xels uwyobs mTlianad pirovnebis sworad Camoyalibebas~ (hromeki, 2004 w).

informacia izrdeba da icvleba, Sesabamisad, icvleba swav-lebis praqtikac, raTa upasuxos am gamowvevebs, magram igive rCeba maswavleblis erTi funqcia _ iyos mentori. Ppedagogebs, xSirad, TavianTi moswavleebis pirovnulad da emfatikuradac esmiT, rac maT imis saSualebas aZlevs, rom daexmaron sagnis ar-CevaSi, unar-Cvevebis aTvisebaSi, Seuqmnan moswavleebs motiva-

Tavi 7 - mxardaWera skolis personals

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cia, socialuri da emociuri ganviTarebis pirobebi. yovelive es maswavleblis tradiciuli funqciebia, magram aucilebelia pirovnebaTaSorisi sirTuleebis daZlevis axali gzebisa da sa-SualebaTa Zieba.

qvemoT CamoTvlili sferoebidan romelSi esaWiroeba Tqveni skolis personals treningis gavla:

konfliqtebis mogvareba;yy

Suamavloba;yy

emociebis marTva;yy

yoCobis problemis gadasaWreli midgomebi;yy

moswavleTa fsiqologia – motivacia, swavla, ganviTarebis yyetapebi;

ganaTleba emociebis sferoSi;yy

saagentoTa Soris TanamSromloba?yy

mondomeba

im skolaSi, sadac Zaladobis problemebia, sazogadoebam dau-yovnebliv unda miaqcios yuradReba situacias da SeimuSaos rea-girebis gegma. SesaZloa, saWiro gaxdes sxva programebis droSi gadadebac, raTa gza Zaladobis AaRmofxvrisaken mimarTuli pro-gramis ganxorcielebas daeTmos manam, sanam skola usaf rTxod ar CaiTvleba. yvela mozrdil adamians SeuZlia Tavisi roli Seasrulos am xangrZliv da usasrulo gzaze. mondomebis gareSe proeqtebi warmatebiT ver xorcieldeba, adamianebic motivacias kargaven da problemebis gadaWris gzad Zaladoba rCeba.

savarjiSo 7.3: ra enaze unda vilaparakoT mozrdilebma?

aucileblad unda mivaqcioT yuradReba imas, Tu ra sityvebsa da Jestikulacias viyenebT Cven _ maswavleblebi da ra magaliTs vaZlevT moswavleebs. sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis sworad Ser-Cevas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs moswavlesTan iseTi urTierT-gagebis dasamyareblad, romelic mas prosocialuri arCevanis gakeTebaSi daexmareba. Cvenma enam unda gamoxatos urTierTpa-tiviscema, uflebebi, pasuxismgeblobani da arCevani. sityvebis saSualebiT Cven iseT mxardamWer garemos vqmniT, romelSic mos wavleebs problemebis gadaWra Zaladobis gareSe SeuZliaT da, amasTan, Secdomebis gamosworebis saSualebac eZlevaT. ga-nixileT frazebis gamoyenebis sxvadasxva magaliTi da is Ziri-Tadi principebi, romelsac es winadadebebi asaxaven.

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prosocialuri ena antisocialuri ena

arCevani da pasuxismgebloba: `rogor moxda, rom gadawyvite misTvis dagertya?

braldebiTi toniT: `ratom daartyi mas?~

es SekiTxva gulisxmobs, rom am moqmedebis Cadenamde ar-sebobda arCevanis saSualeba, pasuxismgeblobis elementi da es yvelaferi, Sesabamisad, urTierTobisaTvis ganawyobs moswavles.

am SekiTxvaSi moswavlis da-danaSaulebis elementia na-gulisxmevi, rac bavSvebSi siZulvils nergavs da amci-rebs urTierTobis SesaZ-leblobas.

mxardamWeri midgoma: `Sen axla calke oTaxSi ganmartov-di da ifiqre, rogor gadaWri am problemas.~

sadamsjelo midgoma: `me Sen axla dakavebis oTaxSi Segiyvan.~

es imas niSnavs, rom bavSvs aqvs unari, gadaWras Tavisi prob-lema da Tu dasWirdeba, daex-marebian kidec.

es aris dasja da Tu is zed-meti doziT gamoiyenes, Se-saZloa, aman bavSvebSi Su-risZiebaTa mTeli cikli ga-moiwvios.

emfatika: `Seni azriT rogor igrZno man Tavi, rodesac es uTxari?

emociuri Zaladoba: `xedav ra gaakeTe? gogona aatire kidec.~

aseTi naTqvami bavSvs saSuale-bas aZlevs gamoumuSavdes sxve-bis mimarT TanagrZnoba (emfa-tika) da urTierTobisaTvis ganawyobs.

am winadadebis braldebiTi tonis gamo bavSvma, SesaZloa, Tavi damnaSaved igrZnos da Tavis marTleba daiwyos. es masSi siZulvils badebs da Seamcirebs urTierTobis SesaZleblobas.

problemis gadaWra da Cade-nilis gamosworeba: am prob-lemis gadasaWrelad ra gzebs mosinjavdi?

sarkazmi: `umjobesi iyo rame ufro kargi mogefiqre-bina Seni saqcielis asaxsne-lad.~

es gamonaTqvami gulisxmobs, rom maswavlebels sjera,_ bavSvs aqvs problemis gadaW-ris unari da Tavisi saqcielis gamosworebac SeuZlia.

aseT winadadebaSi arsebobs sarkazmis elementi, rome-lic gulisxmobs imas, rom bavSvs problemis gadaWris unari ar aqvs.


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aqvs Tu ara gavlena mozrdilTa enas moswavleebsa da skolaSi myof sxva adamianebze? unda avaridoT Tu ara Tavi braldebi-Ti tonis winadadebebis gamoyenebas? Zaladoba uamravi for-miT gvevlineba, xolo ena, SesaZloa, iqces Zalian basr iaraRad, romelsac moswavleTa mexsierebaSi Rrma Wrilobis warmoqmna SeuZlia.

savarjiSo 7.4 mozrdilTa ena

sityvebs arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs problemebis gadasaWre-li ideebis gadmosacemad, xolo JestikulaciasTan erTad, maT SeuZliaT moswavleTaTvis emociebis kontrolis kargi magali-Tis micema.

ganixileT, ras gamoxataven qvemoT moyvanil scenarSi gamoye-nebuli sityvebi da moqmedebebi.

scenari 1 – biWebis Cxubi:

maswavlebeli A xedavs, rogor Cxubobs ori biWi saTamaSo moe-danze. Semdeg:

maswavlebeli A: (yviris). “axlave modiT orive aq! ras CadiT, Tu iciT?~

biWi 1: (gawiTlebuli saxiTa da qoSiniT) àman daiwyo.~

biWi 2: (gawiTlebuli saxiTa da tiriliT, cdilobs, kidev erT-xel daartyas I biWs).

maswavlebeli A: ùyure amaT!~ (uyviris biWebs). àxlave wadiT direqtoris oTaxSi!~

Tu am situacias zedapirulad SevxedavT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maswavlebeli Zaladobas daupirispirda.

am urTierTobis formidan moswavleebma, uneburad, garkveuli gakveTili miiRes:

dayvireba misaRebia, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca marTali yyxar;

uxeSi sityvebis gamoyeneba misaRebia, miT ufro, Tu marTa-yyli xar;

informaciis Segroveba da adamianebis mosmena ar aris Zalian yymniSvnelovani;

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bavSvebs ufrosebi sWirdebaT, radganac ufrosebma unda yymarTon sxvebi;

sityvieri Zaladoba problemis gadaWris misaRebi gzaa. yy

igive situacia SeiZleba sxva dialogiT warmarTuliyo. ganixi-leT qvemoT moyvanili dialogi:

scenari 2 – biWebi Cxuboben

maswavlebeli B xedavs, rogor Cxubobs ori biWi saTamaSo moe-danze. Semdeg:

maswavlebeli B: (midis biWebisaken). `daicaT biWebo, damSvid-diT axla, moeSviT, ra xdeba aq?~

biWi 1: (gawiTlebuli saxiTa da qoSiniT) `aman daiwyo.~

biWi 2: (gawiTlebuli saxiTa da tiriliT cdilobs, kidev erT-xel daartyas I biWs).

maswavlebeli A: ̀ daicadeT, daicadeT, Rrmad CaisunTqeT, Tqven orive gabrazebuli xarT, modiT, TiTo Wiqa wyali davlioT da davilaparakoT_ ra xdeba aq.~

am scenarSi, emociebis kontrolisa da problemis gadaWrisaken mimarTulma enam viTareba ganmuxta da Seqmna imis molodini, rom orive biWs miecema saSualeba, ganmartos, ratom mivida saqme Zaladobamde, ram Seuwyo amas xeli?

aseTi urTierTobis magaliTiT bavSvebi iswavlian, rom:

emociebis marTva SesaZlebelia;yy

ufrosebs surT, daexmaron bavSvebs;yy

ufrosebs sjeraT, rom bavSvebs problemebis gadaWra Seu-yyZliaT;

Zaladobis alternativaa saubari;yy

wylis daleva da saubari sibrazis marTvaSi gvexmareba.yy

romel scenars arCevdiT Tqveni skolisaTvis?

magaliTis Cveneba

ufrosebi, TavianTi qceviT, yovelTvis sanimuSoni arian moswav-leTaTvis. xandaxan avtoritarul da `Zalauflebaze damyare-bul~ qcevas aCveneben. moswavleebi qcevis magaliTad aRiqvamen


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Cvens naTqvam sityvebs Tu Cvens moqmedebebs da cdiloben mis gadmoRebas an, piriqiT, uaryofas. enas fundamenturi mniSvne-loba aqvs samyaros aRqmisaTvis. sityvebs SeiZleba davayrdnoT moswavleTa socialur-emociuri ganviTareba. am Temebze fiqri da aseT faqtorTa gaTvaliswineba dagvexmareba Zveli midgo-mebis SecvlaSi. dawerili teqstic SeiZleba gamoviyenoT ur-TierTTanamSromlobiTa da pativiscemiT ganmsWvaluli met-yvelebis Camosayalibeblad manam, sanam es urTierTobis bune-briv formad ar iqceva.

savarjiSo 7.5: skolis personali, rogorc umTavresi magaliTi

ganixileT Semdegi:

`Cven yovelTvis, rogorc magaliTs, ise aRgviqvamen; moswavle-ebi uyureben da usmenen yvelafers, rasac vakeTebT da vambobT. isini konfliqtis mogvarebis araZaladobriv modelebs maSin irCeven, roca maT socialur garemoSi metyveleba da qceva emo-ciebis kontrolisa da problemis gadaWrisaken aris mimarTuli. Tu moswavleebs pativiscemiT vepyrobiT, vaCvenebT emociebis kontrolis magaliTs, sityvebs sifrTxiliT varCevT, mivmar-TavT Suamavlobisa da konfliqtTa gadaWris msgavs midgomebs, warmovaCenT erTad muSaobisa da cxovrebis mTel rig unarebs~ (hromeki, 2004).

banduras socialuri kognitiuri Teoriis mixedviT (1986), mos-wavleTa swavlis efeqtianoba damokidebulia ara mxolod maT garSemo arsebul socialur garemoze, aramed Sinagan, Tanda-yolil maxasiaTeblebzec. garSemomyofTa qcevaze dakvirvebi-Ta da mibaZviT, moswavleebi qcevebs Sinagani samyaros CarCo-Si moaqceven. igi askvnis, rom programebi, romlebic emyareba magaliTis Cvenebas, wvrTnas, kargi qcevis gameorebasa da so-cialur gamyarebas, mniSvnelovan Sedegebs iZleva. moswavle-Ta ganviTarebis Teoretikosi l.s. vigotski (1976) xazs usvams enis, rogorc mediatoruli faqtoris mniSvnelobas moswavle-sa da raime movlenas Soris. igi acxadebs, rom mozrdilebs, me-diaciuri swavlis meSveobiT, SeuZliaT moswavleebs daexmaron Zlieri azrovnebis unaris gamomuSavebaSi. mediaciuri swavla ki aris moswavleTa swavlebis procesi, swavlebis gamocdile-bis safuZvelze, roca enas iyeneben saazrovno koncefciebis Ca-mosayalibeblad, rac saWiroa gamowvevebis Sesaxvedrad. media-ciuri swavla moswavleebs iseT resursebs awvdis, romelTac gamoiyenebs problemis gadasaWrelad, gadaWris gzaze sagange-bo miTiTebebis gareSe. Tu vinme moswavles pirdapir mianiSnebs

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gamosavalze, amiT Seumcirebs Sanss ganiviTaros Zlieri azro-vnebis unari.

urTierTpativiscema

kiTxvaze, vin aris maTi sayvareli maswavlebeli, moswavleebi xSirad axseneben pativiscemis xarisxs. imavdroulad, maswav-leblebi da mSoblebi xSirad aRniSnaven moswavleebis mxridan ufrosebisadmi pativiscemis naklebobas. pativiscema mJRavnde-ba imaSi, Tu ramdenad aRiareben da icaven adamianebi erTmaneTis uflebebsa da pasuxismgeblobebs. pativiscema gamosWvivis im sityvebSi, damokidebulebebsa da qmedebebSi, sxvebTan urTier-Tobisas rom vavlenT. moswavleebTan pativiscemiT saubrisas Cven qcevis im magaliTs vaCvenebT, adamianTa urTierTobebs rom aumjobesebs. aseT SemTxvevaSi, ufro maRalia albaToba, rom isinic arCeven pativiscemiT mopyrobas interpersonaluri problemebis gadaWrisas. pativiscemis misaRebad pativiscemas unda gavcemdeT.

qvemoT CamoTvlil sakiTxTagan, romelia gasaumjobesebeli Tqvens skolaSi?

misaRebi qcevis modelTa gamokveTa da ganxilva skolaSi yy`mSvid~ dros;

ganuxreli gamoyeneba bunebrivi da logikuri Sedegebis, yyromlebic zomieri da Tanamimdevrulia;

optimisturi da mxardaWeris gamomxatveli enis gamoyeneba;yy

Zlieri mxareebisa da faseulobebis gamokveTa;yy

ama Tu im sakiTxis gadasawyvetad saubris dawyebamde, ̀ gasag-yyrilebeli~ drois micema – pirveli emociuri daxmareba;

daxmareba problemebis gadaWraSi;yy

faqtebis sworad aRqma, situaciaSi garkvevis mcdeloba – yycnobismoyvare midgoma;

CaurTveloba moswavleebTan kamaTSi;yy

SesaZleblobis micema Secdomis gamosasworeblad.yy

gunduri muSaoba

gunduri muSaobis dros samuSao datvirTva nawildeba da izogeba energia, skolis kulturis Sesacvlelad romaa saWiro. skolis sazogadoebis saxeliT moqmedi gundis mxardasaWerad


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saWiroa dro, resursebi, profesiuli ganviTareba da damxmare struqturebi. gunduri muSaoba xelmZRvanelobis SesaZleb-lobas iZleva, xolo demokratiuli praqtikis danergvis Semdeg, gundis wevrebs saSualeba eqnebaT, Seqmnan da gamoscadon ino-vaciuri programebi (es sakiTxi me-3 TavSi ufro daw vrilebiT aris gaSlili).

savarjiSo 7.6 Ria diskusiebi da gunduri muSaoba

saskolo garemos gaumjobesebisaken mimarTuli Zalisxmevis warmatebis erT-erT safuZveli gunduri muSaobis Zlieri kul-tura da uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebaa. kolegialurobis SegrZneba da urTierTdaxmareba personals Soris urTierTn-dobasa da rwmenas badebs da, aseT garemoSi, ufro advili xdeba axali ideebis miReba. enTuziazmi ki ar Caqreba Tu warmatebasa da karg muSaobas adamianis aRiareba da dafaseba mohyveba. se-riozuli da xangrZlivi muSaobisas gundis wevrebs Zalian ex-marebaT iumoris grZnoba. Ria diskusiebi ki im urTierTgagebas badebs, romelic aucilebelia Zaladobaze reagirebis Ronis-ZiebaTa Tanamimdevrulad ganxorcielebisa da Sesabamis mona-cemTa uwyveti SegrovebisaTvis.

gamoyenebul terminTa erTnairad aRqmisa da skolaSi arsebu-li Zaladobis bunebaze SesaTanxmeblad, mizanSewonili xom ar iqneboda mocemuli sakiTxebi gangexilaT?

ra ZiriTadi problemebia Cvens skolaSi? sad iCens es prob-yylemebi Tavs?

riT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan Zaladoba da uxeSi Tama-yySi?

riT gansxvavdeba gabrazeba Zaladobisagan? sxvadasxvagva-yyrad imarTeba Tu ara isini?

riT gansxvavdeba Zaladoba gogonebisa da biWebis SemT-yyxvevaSi?

konfliqtTa gadaWris swavleba xom ar gamoiwvevs biWebis yyfeminizacias?

rogor davexmaroT SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis bavSvebs yyCvens skolSi, gansakuTrebiT ki maT, visac sirTuleebi aqvT emociuri TvalsazrisiT?

ra gansxvavebaa disciplinasa da sasjels Soris da rogoria yymaTi gavlena qcevaze?

rogor unda gamoasworon bavSvebma antisocialuri qceva?yy

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ra gansxvavebaa TviTdamkvidrebis mcdelobasa da agresias yySoris?

ra roli unda iTamaSon mozrdilebma moswavleebis dasax-yymareblad problemebis gadawyvetaSi?

rogoria moswavlis, rogorc lideris da mediatoris yyroli?

ra igulisxmeba gaRizianebaSi, Seuracxyofasa da yoCobaSi?yy

mSobelTa CarTva

moswavleTa saswavlo saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad auci-lebelia ojaxis, skolisa da sazogadoebis urTierTTanamSrom-loba. moqnili procedurebi, romelic mimarTuli iqneba pro-cesSi mSobelTa Tu meurveTa CarTvisaken, xels Seuwyobs sko-laSi pasuxismgeblobis gaziarebas mxareebs Soris. Ria urTier-Tobebi da xedva skolisa TuU ojaxis mxridan qmnis garemos, sa-dac mxars uWeren problemis mogvarebaze momarTul midgomas. iseTi pozitiuri strategiebi, rogoricaa mSobelTa resurs centrebis Seqmna an moswavleTa ojaxebSi kargi axali ambebis Sesaxeb werilis gagzavna, exmareba urTierTndobis garemos Seqmnas ojaxsa da skolas Soris (mSoblebTan partniorobis gaZlierebis strategiebisaTvis ix. agreTve Tavi 3).

savarjiSo 7.7: mSoblebTan kavSiris SenarCuneba

dadebiTi garemos Seqmna saWiroebs Zalisxmevas mSoblebTan kavSiris SesanarCuneblad. amisTvis sxvadasxva strategia ar-sebobs. magaliTad, misasalmebeli niSnebisa da sloganebis mo-fiqreba, saojaxo samxiarulo saRamoebis, sauzmeebis, multi-kulturuli sadilebis mowyoba, mSobelTa da maswavlebelTa regularuli Sexvedrebis organizeba, skolis direqtorTan mSobelTa miRebis saaTebis gamoyofa, axali mSoblebisaTvis gacnobiTi Sexvedris mowyoba, skolis saxelmZRvaneloebis ga-mocema, skolis krebebis mowveva. mSoblebma unda igrZnon, rom sasurveli da gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani stumrebi arian. aseT SemTxvevaSi konfliqti swrafad da Rirseulad mogvarde-ba. fizikuri garemo mimzidvelia, sazogadoebas eamayeba, rom mas aseTi skola aqvs.

Zalian xSirad mxolod mipatiJeba sakmarisi ar aris proces-Si mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis CarTvisaTvis. skolaSi misvla ufro advilia, Tu mSobels piradad maswavlebeli an sxva mSo-beli miiwvevs. zog mSobels an momvlels damatebiTi daxmareba


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sWirdeba _ magaliTad, transportis, an moswavleze zrunvis saxiT, anda, maTTvis informaciis misawodeblad, Tarjimani iyos saWiro.

Tqven ra gzebs gamonaxavdiT mSoblebis mosazidad, CasarTavad, gansakuTrebiT ki im SemTxvevaSi, Tu isini Znelad misawvdomni arian?

efeqtiani swavleba

Zaladobaze reagirebis aucileblobiT gamowveuli Careva did Zalisxmevas, drosa da fuls moiTxovs. amitom saWiroa swavle-bisa da swavlis aprobirebuli meTodi, morgebuli adgilobriv saWiroebebze. yvelaze gadamwyvetia swavla dawyebiT safexur-ze. amisTvis mimarTaven saklaso oTaxSi sayovelTao socia-lur-emociuri unar-Cvevebis swavlebas, saTamaSo moednebze programebis dagegmvas, mSobelTa resurs centrebis Seqmnas. miznobrivi programebi gamoiyeneba im moswavleebTan, romel-Tac ufro individualuri swavleba da sagangebo monitoringi sWirdebaT. magaliTad, mcire jgufebTan muSaoba unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis, qceviTi kontraqtebi, Suamavloba, sibrazis marTva da a.S. Tu aseTi mizanmimarTuli yuradRebis Semdeg Za-ladoba kvlav grZeldeba, maSin saWiro xdeba klinikuri Careva (ix. Tavi 4, `talRovani modeli~). aseT moswavleebTan dakavSi-rebul sirTuleTa bunebis gansazRvrasa da individualuri re-agirebis gegmaTa SemuSavebaSi monawileobs yvela _ mSoblebi, janmrTelobisa da ganaTlebis dargTa specialistebi, sazoga-doeba da socialuri muSakebi (ix. Tavi 4, ̀ socialuri, emociuri da unar-Cvevebis swavlebis~ programa, romelic gaerTianebul samefoSi xorcieldeba).

savarjiSo 7.8: emociuri inteleqti

golemanis (1996) da sxvaTa mier Catarebuli prevenciuli kvle-vebis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom skolebs SeuZliaT: erTi mxriv, Tavidan aicilon problemuri mdgomareobis gavlenis, yoCobis, kriminaluri saqmianobis, fsiqikuri janmrTelobis proble-mebis da Zaladobis gabatoneba, meore mxriv ki, Seamciron aR-niSnuli problemebis simZime da xangrZlivoba. amas emociuri iteleqtis ganviTarebiT miaRweven.

samwuxarod, skolaTa umetesobis kurikulumebSi wera-kiTxvisa da ariTmetikis swavlebas meti adgili eTmoba, vidre socialur da emociur ganviTarebas. rogorc maswavlebelTa umetesoba acxadebs, moswavleebs sWirdebaT socialuri unarebi da emo-

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ciebis marTva TavianT TanatolebTan saurTierTod saswavlo garemoSi. saklaso oTaxSi yvelaze did dros moiTxovs moswav-leTa daxmareba urTierTobebSi arsebuli problemebis gada-saWrelad. maswavleblebs SeuZliaT, Cveulebriv, gakveTilze an magaliTis saSualebiT daexmaron moswavleebs socialuri da emociuri inteleqtis ganviTarebaSi.

cdilobs Tu ara Tqveni skola moswavleebs aswavlos emociurad gonieri adamianis qceva da Tan kargi magaliTi aCvenos maT?

savarjiSo 7.9: pirdapiri instruqtaJi / swavleba

pirdapir aswavlis Tu ara Tqveni skola qvemoT CamoTvlilTa-gan romelimes yvela moswavles, an imaT mainc, vinc am Cvevebs sxva gziT ver iTvisebs?

ki / ara rogor da rodis?

emociebis codna

konfliqtebis mogvareba

sibrazis marTva

megobrobis unar-Cvevebi

agresiis alternativebi

problemis gadaWris unarebi

mosmenis unari

TviTdamkvidrebis unari

faseulobani da moraluri ganviTareba

reagirebis gegmebi

reagirebis gegmaSi mkafiod unda iyos gawerili is profilaq-tikuri RonisZiebebi, romelic unda ganxorcieldes Zalado-bis problemis arsebobisas. es gegma uzrunvelyofs maswav-lebelTa reagirebis Tanamimdevrulobas da samarTlianobas moswavleebis mimarT. Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi, mas aucileblad


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unda mohyves Tanamimdevruli da dauyovnebeli zomebi, romlis Sesaxebac unda icodes yvelam – maswavleblebma, moswavleebma da mSoblebma. aucilebelia bavSvebi saswrafod movaridoT konfliqtis adgils, pedagogi unda gaesaubros moswavleebs da maTTvis unda amoqmeddes miznobrivi programa. am gegmis erT-erT umTavresi elementia maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganvi-Tareba da mSoblebis CarTva procesSi.

savarjiSo 7.10: roca Zaladoba xdeba

ganixileT Semdegi ori gancxadeba:

gancxadeba 1

Zaladoba saskolo garemoSi miuRebelia. Zaladobis mravali mizezi arsebobs da igi farTodaa gavrcelebuli, magram skole-bi, romlebic sagangebo yuradRebas mimarTaven da konstruqci-ulad muSaoben am sakiTxze, axerxeben Zaladobisa da agresiuli moqmedebis SemTxvevaTa Semcirebas, konvivensiis rom uSlis xels. formula martivia: mTel skolaSi aswavleT pirovnuli ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro unarebi, maT Soris, emociebi da so-cialuri unarebi; myarad dadeqiT principze _ `araviTari Zaladoba~; mxari dauWireT skolaSi arsebul Zaladobaze rea-girebis gegmas, maT Soris, miznobrivi programebis amoqmede-bas. Tu aRniSnul zomebs moswavle ar upasuxebs, mouwodeT maT Semdgomi Carevisaken. bavSvebs, romlebic ar emorCilebian sayovelTao da miznobriv programebs, sWirdebaT intensiuri individualuri mxardaWera, raSic CaerTvebian ganaTlebis fsiqologebi, specializirebuli maswavleblebi, mSoblebi, sxva specialistebi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, specialuri sa-ganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi.

gancxadeba 2

Zaladoba socialur konteqtsSi xdeba, xolo maswavleblebma, Cveulebriv, kargad ician im moswavleTa istoria, romlebic Zaladobas mimarTaven. am bavSvebisaTvis Zalian sasargeblo iqneba Tu eyolebaT emociebis erTgvari instruqtori (magali-Tad: klasis damrigebeli, ganaTlebis fsiqologi, damxmare profesionali an moxalise sazogadoebidan). aseTi adamiani moswavleebs daexmareboda emociebis kontrolis, urTierT-TanamSromlobisa da problemebis gadaWris unarTa gamomuSave-baSi. emociebis ukontroloba yovelTvis ar aris Zaladobrivi aqtis sababi, magram Zaladobis adgilidan moswavleebis dauy-

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ovnebliv gayvana da maTTan gasaubreba, mizezis miuxedavad, moswavleebs daexmareba imis gaazrebaSi, rom Zaladoba miuRe-belia da maT TavianT qcevaze pasuxisgeba mouwevT. amavdrou-lad, isini unda dafiqrdnen imazec, agresiis ra alternativa arsebobs da rogor SeiZleba Cadenilis gamosworeba.

Tqvens skolaSi arsebuli midgomebi Seesabameba Tu ara ze-yymoT moyvanil gancxadebebs?

rame xom ar aris gamorCenili?yy

ra saxis reagirebis gegmebi gaqvT SemuSavebuli?yy

am gegmebSi gaTvaliswinebulia Tu ara Zaladobis mizezebi, yyZaladobis msxverplis mxardaWera da Zaladobis SedegTa aRmofxvra?

zogadad, Zaladobaze saswrafo reagireba iTvaliswinebs Sem-degs:

yvela moswavlis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa – saWiroe-yybis SemTxvevaSi damatebiTi daxmarebis moxmoba, agresore-bis gancalkeveba, meTvalyureebis dagzavna;

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, pirveladi fizikuri da emociuri yydaxmarebis gaweva;

sabaziso faqtebis Segroveba incidentis Sesaxeb moxsenebis yydasawerad;

saTamaSo moednidan moZalade bavSvebis dauyovnebliv yygamoyvana – maTi gagzavna an gacileba winaswar mowyobil `gasagrilebel~ oTaxSi, sadac maT gasaubrebamde unda moicadon;

moswavlis usafrTxo SeboWvis meTodis gamoyeneba, magram yymxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi.

es CamonaTvali skolam unda gamoiyenos rogorc Sesamowmeb-el maCvenebelTa erTgvari nusxa reagirebis gegmis Sesamowme-blad.

savarjiSo 7.11: reagirebis SerCeva – dasja Tu aRdgeniTi midgoma?

warmoidgineT qvemoT aRwerili situacia, romelic reagirebas moiTxovs.

13 wlis moswavle ramdenimejer urtyams klasSi myof sxva mozards. skolis Cveuli CareviT msgavsi qceva ar aRikveTa.


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msxverplis mSoblebi mimarTaven policias da surT, policiam saqme aRZras. skolaSi moqmedi reagirebis erT_erTi gegma iTvaliswinebs aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis daxmarebas (ix. Tavi 3). skolis direqtori da policiis oficeri erTmaneTs xvdebian, raTa ganixilon, ramdenad aris saWiro marTlmsajulebis sistemis Careva. Tu msxverplis mSoblebi daTanxmdebian, maSin sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRar aRiZvreba da gamoiyeneben gamosworebaze orientirebul marTlmsajulebas.

SeadareT ori alternativa:

sisxlis samarTlis gamoyeneba

aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis CarTva

moswavles daapatimreben tardeba mosamzadebeli Sexvedra, romelSic yvela mxare monawileobs. isini Tanxmdebian gamosworebaze orientirebuli marTlmsa-julebis CarTvaze.

Cvenebebi miaqvT policiis ganyofilebaSi;

tardeba konferencia, raTa gairkvevs Tu ramdenad swo-rad aris aRqmuli faqtebi da emociebi;

naklebad mosalodnelia, rom saqme sasamarTlomde mi-vides;

Sedegebze yvela erTad Tanxmdeba;

bavSvs afrTxileben da in-formacia oficialurad SeaqvT policiis saregis-tracio JurnalSi;

savaldebuloa miRweuli SeTanxmeba Seasrulon mos-wavleebma, ojaxebma da sko-lam;

danaSaulis Cadenidan sabo-loo Sedegis miRwevamde bev-ri kvira gadis.

yvelaferi erT kviraSi srul deba.

Tqvens skolaSi rom momxdariyo analogiuri SemTxveva, mizan-Sewonili iqneboda Tu ara gamosworebaze orientirebuli mid-gomis gamoyeneba? unda ganixiloT Semdegi:

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rogori iqneboda biWebisa da maTi ojaxebis reaqcia zemoT yyaRniSnul or alternatiul variantze?

rogori Sedegebis miRebas isurvebda Tqveni skola da yyromeli alternativa moitanda ukeTes rezultats?

romel alternativas gamoiyenebdiT Tu moZalade:yy

sxeulze mxolod erTxel daartyamda;yy

Zirs dagdebul moswavles ramdenime mujlugunsa da yywixls daartyamda;

dartymebi Zlieri da xangrZlivi iqneboda da, Sesabami-yysad, SeeZlo msxverplisaTvis seriozuli travmis miye-neba.

krizisul situaciaSi Careva.

maswavleblis mier midgomebisa da unar-Cvevebis Sefaseba

agresiul an moZalade bavSvebTan muSaobisas maswavlebeli maT acnobs ramdenime mosalodnel Sedegs da, imavdroulad, aZlevs saSualebas, rom moswavlem problema gadaWras, mizani daisaxos, saWiro unar-Cvevebi ganiviTaros da mdgomareobis gamosworeba SeZlos. krizisul situaciaSi Carevis valdebuleba, SesaZloa, klasis damrigebels an daniSnul maswavlebels daekisros. al-ternatiulad, skolaSi momuSave nebismier maswavlebels Seu-Zlia gamoiyenos es gamosadegi strategiebi. moswavleebTan muSaobisas saWiro faseulobebs, damokidebulebebsa da unar-Cvevebs Sorisaa:

pativiscema – neitraluroba, adamianis Rirsebaze zrunva, yypativsacemi enis gamoyeneba;

empaTia emociuri aSlilobis, Zaladobis, moswavlis gan-yyviTarebis Taviseburebebisa da samedicino mdgomareo-bis (rogoricaa, magaliTad, aspergeris sindromi) gaTva-liswinebiT;

optimizmi – rwmena imisa, rom moswavles aqvs unari ganivi-yyTaros socialuri da emociuri unar-Cvevebi;

simSvidis, sakuTari emociebis gakontrolebisa da prob-yylemis gadaWris unarTa magaliTis Cveneba;

reagirebaTa Tanamimdevruloba:yy

emociebis marTvis swavleba da pirveli daxmareba emociebis yysferoSi;


154


krizisul situaciaSi intervius Catareba – emociebis kon-yytroli, faseulobaTa gamokveTa, problemebis gadaWra, miz-nebis dasaxva, unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba – maTi gamomuSave-ba, Sedegebi da mdgomareobis gamosworeba;

Suamavloba;yy

yoCobis SemTxvevaSi midgoma `araviTari braldeba~;yy

gamosworeba.yy

es modeli Seesabameba Tu ara Tqvens skolas?

savarjiSo 7.12: reagirebis gegma

Tqveni skolis saWiroebebi.

qvemoT moyvanil SekiTxvebze pasuxi, SesaZloa, dagexmaroT Tqveni reagirebis gegmebis daxvewasa da saWiro informaciis mogrovebaSi.

aris Tu ara Tqveni skolis problema Zaladoba da agresia? yysad xdeba is? vin aris masSi CarTuli? ras gviCvenebs es mo-nacemebi? (monacemebis Sesaxeb meti informaciis misaRebad ix. Tavi 2);

pativiscemiT epyrobian Tu ara moswavleebs maswavleblebi, yydireqtorebi da mSoblebi?

arsebobs Tu ara saskolo disciplinis politika Tqvens yyskolaSi?

iyeneben Tu ara maswavleblebi kvlevaze dafuZnebul, efeq-yytian saswavlo strategiebs?

aris Tu ara regularuli saskolo programis nawili iseTi yyprevenciuli programebi, rogoricaa socialur-emociuri ganviTareba da TanatolTa lideroba?

arsebobs Tu ara skolaSi miuRebel qcevaze monitoringis yystrategia? Mmartivia Tu ara monacemebis Segrovebisa da marTvis procedurebi?

urTierTTanamSromlobdnen Tu ara skolis personali, yymSoblebi da moswavleebi skolisaTvis misaRebi qcevis modelebis SemuSavebisas (uflebebis, pasuxismgeblobis da Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT)?

aris Tu ara mkafio da yvelasaTvis cnobili Zaladobaze re-yyagirebis gegmebi?

155

arsebobs Tu ara miznobrivi programebi, mimarTuli im bav-yySvebisaken, romelTac socialur-emociuri unarebis defi-citi aqvT?

erTvebian Tu ara mSoblebi procesSi sirTuleebis gamov-yylenis adreul etapzeve da iReben Tu ara rCevebsa da dax-marebas sxva organizaciebis mxridan?

auditi

monacemebis Segrovebisa da analizis saSualebiT programebis ganxorcielebaze sistematur monitorings didi mniSvnelo-ba aqvs Zaladobaze reagirebis procesSi aqcentebis sworad dasmisaTvis. monacemebis Segrovebis martivi da praqtikuli formebi skolis personals gauadvilebs am uaRresad mniS-vnelovani samuSaos Catarebas. sagangebo monitoringi saTamaSo moedanze saSualebas gvaZlevs SevimuSaoT da sazogadoebasac gavacnoT mkafio procedurebi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg. garda amisa, monitoringi erTgvari buferis rolsac asrulebs Zala-dobisaTvis, radgan bavSvebi aregulireben qcevas, roca ician rom maT akvirdebian. auditisa da monitoringis saSualebiT saskolo gegmebisaTvis saWiro informaciis mogrovebis Sesaxeb ufro detalurad me-2 da me-5 TavebSi SeityobT.

gamamxnevebeli sityva

Zaladobaze reagirebis gegmis ganxorcielebis pirveli ram-denime Tve, welic ki, SesaZloa, intensiuri da datvirTuli aR-moCndes, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tavidan rogori iyo garemo da Zaladobis done. es intensiuri faza sagangebo monitoringisa da saswrafo reagirebisaken mimarTuli droebiTi saSualebaa. es aris gardamavali faza ufro stabilur periodamde. garda amisa, ar gqondeT imis molodini, rom yvelaferi erTbaSad ga-keTdeba. gjerodeT, nebismieri nabiji muSaobs Zaladobisa da Seuracxyofis Sesamcireblad, gansakuTrebiT ki, skolis pirveli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi. skolis TanamSromlebs unda swam-deT, rom Zaladoba sulac ar aris gardauvali movlena da is absoluturad miuRebelia. rac mTavaria, saTanado kulturisa da instruqtaJis saSualebiT, Zaladoba SeiZleba mniSvnelo-vanwilad aRmovfxvraT skolebidan.

Tqveni skolis reagireba, ra Tqma unda, individualuri iqneba, magram sakuTari modelis momzadebisas aucileblad gasaTva-liswinebelia treningis gavla or sferoSi:


156


proaqtiuli – ra Tvisebebi da unar-Cvevebi unda ganavi-yyTaros skolam moswavleebsa da personalSi iseTi garemos Se saqmnelad, sadac Zaladobis SemTxvevebi naklebad aris mosalodneli?

reaqtiuli – Tu Tqvens skolaSi Zaladoba moxda, rogoria yyTqveni reagireba – proaqtiuli, problemis gadaWraze ori-entirebuli da araZaladobrivi? aswavliT Tu ara ufro proaqtiul unarebs im moswavleebs, romlebic Zaladobi-saken midrekilebas avlenen?

157

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avtorebis Sesaxebkris gitinsi (Chris Gittins) gaxlavT am saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnis koordinatori. igi aris wamyvani mrCeveli qcevis, skolaSi daswre-bis gaumjobesebisa da Zaladobis AaRmofxvris specialisti ingli-sis ganaTlebisa da unarebis departamentSi.

profesori piter k. smiti (Peter K. Smith) gaxlavT londonis uni-versitetis goldsmitis kolejis skolisa da ojaxis kvlevis ganyofilebis ufrosi;

piter galvini (Peter Galvin) gaxlavT ganaTlebis sferos ufrosi fsiqologi, romelic lidsis ganaTlebis sistemaSi muSaobs. igi aris avtori qcevis menejmentze Seqmnili wignisa da lidsis mo-nacemTa bazisa da skolaSi qcevisa da daswrebis auditis meTodis Semqmneli;

doqtori juli Sonesi (Julie Shaughnessy) gaxlavT maswavlebelTa dawyebiTi ganaTlebis skolis ufrosi leqtori sureis univer-sitetSi, rohamptonSi. igi galxdaT programis iniciatori PGCE dawyebiTi ganaTlebis kurikulimisa da gaerTianebuli samefos observatoriis damfuZnebeli.

juli keisi (Julie Casey) gaxlavT emociebis Sesaxeb swavlebis fsiqologi da konsultanti. is aris im gundis wevri, romelmac in-glisSi qcevisa da daswrebis nacionaluri strategia SeimuSava.

profesori helen koui (Helen Cowie) gaxlavT fsiqikuri janmrTe-lobisa da axalgazrdebis sferos profesori, gaerTianebuli same-fos sureis universitetis jandacvisa da samedicino mecnierebaTa evropuli institutis araZaladobis xelSewyobis observatoriis direqtori;

profesori mona o’muri (Mona O’Moore) gaxlavT ganaTlebis de-partamentis Tavmjdomare (damfuZnebeli da koordinatori), xolo stiven jeims mintoni (Stephen James Minton) - ganaTlebis sferos mkvlevari. isini erTad muSaoben yoCobis kvlevebisa da resurse-bis centrSi dublinis trinitis kolejSi.

jorj robinsoni da barbara meinsi (George Robinson, Barbara Maines) gaxlavT gamomcemloba Lucky Duck Publishing-is mflobelebi da damfuZneblebi. isini weren da aqveyneben bavSvTa ganviTarebis am sferosadmi miZRvnil wignebsa da saxelmZRvaneloebs. robin hromeki (Robin Hromek) avstraliaSi muSaobs, rogorc ganaTle-bis sferos fsiqologi. orive am avtors ganaTlebis fsiqologad, skolis xel mZRvanelad, maswavlebelTa trenerad, qcevis marTvis konsultantad da leqtorad muSaobis uzarmazari gamocdileba da staJi aqvT.

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danarTi – bavSvebi da Zaladoba

samoqmedo programa saxelwodebiT “bavSvebi da Zaladoba” aris nawili evropis sabWos ufro farTo iniciativisa – “vaSenoT ev-ropa bavSvebTan erTad da bavSvebisaTvis”. am iniciativis mizania, bavSvTa uflebebi aisaxos da harmoniulad integrirdes evropis sabWos yvela saqmianobaSi.

evropis sabWos yvela wevr qveyanaSi bavSvebi Zaladobis yvelaze saSineli formebisa da adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis msxverplni xdebian. bevri mizezis gamo, wevri qveynebis umetesobaSi mTavroba-Ta dRis wesrigSi prioritetuli adgili uWiravs bavSvTa uflebe-bis dacvasa da bavSvTa uflebas, rom daculni iyvenen yovelgvari Zaladobisagan. yvela am qveyanam moaxdina gaeros bavSvTa uflebe-bis konvenciis ratificireba. maT evalebaT, SeimuSaon samoqmedo gegma am konvenciis srulad Sesrulebis uzrunvelsayofad.

is Zaladoba, romelic bavSvebze axdens gavlenas mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli Zaladobis ufro farTo formebsa da, saerTod, organizebul danaSaulTan. Zaladobis faqtebs SexvdebiT sko-lebSi, quCaSi da ojaxur garemoSic. garda amisa, bavSvebi xdebian iseTi globaluri problemis msxverplni, rogoricaa trefikingi, narkotikebiT vaWroba, terorizmi, SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebi da kompiuteruli danaSaulebani.

am sakiTxTa sirTule da kompleqsuroba moiTxovs Tanamimdevru-li strategiis SemuSavebas, romelmac koordinacia unda gaukeTos yvela ZiriTadi moqmedi organizaciisa Tu piris saqmianobas da moaxdinos yvela xelmisawvdomi meTodis mobilizacia.

am programis miznebia:

bavSvTa uflebebisa da Zaladobis yvela formisagan maTi yydacvis xelSewyoba da uzrunvelyofa;

Zaladobis sawinaaRmdego politikaSi bavSvebisa da axalgaz-yyrdebis pirdapiri CarTva;

bavSvTa winaaRmdeg Zaladobis sxvadasxva konteqstisa da ti-yypisaTvis praqtikuli moqmedebis strategiis CarCos Camoya-libeba. gamoikveTa xuTi sfero, romlebic Carevas saWiroebs: ojaxi, skola, sacxovrebeli dawesebulebebi, sazogadoeba, seq sualuri eqspluatacia da bavSvTa upatiod mopyroba;

prevenciis nacionaluri strategiebis CarCos Seqmna;yy

prevenciis adgilobrivi integrirebuli strategiebis ganac-yyxadebis momzadeba;

bavSvTa uflebebis Sesaxeb cnobierebis amaRleba da infor-yymaciis gavrceleba.

zaladobis armofxvra skolebsi – rogor sevcvalot garemo?

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