ZigBee Wireless Networks and Transceivers

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ZigBee Wireless Networks and Transceivers

Shahin Farahani

AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDONNEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO

SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYONewnes is an imprint of Elsevier

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Contents

Foreword ..................................................................................................... xv Preface .......................................................................................................xviiAbbreviations ......................................................................................................... xxi

Chapter 1 ZigBee Basics .............................................................................. 1 1.1 What Is ZigBee? .........................................................................................................11.2 ZigBee versus Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11 ................................................................21.3 Short-Range Wireless Networking Classes ................................................................31.4 The Relationship Between ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Standards .............................41.5 Frequencies of Operation and Data Rates ...................................................................61.6 Interoperability ............................................................................................................81.7 Device Types ...............................................................................................................91.8 Device Roles ...............................................................................................................91.9 ZigBee Networking Topologies ................................................................................101.10 ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Communication Basics .................................................12

1.10.1 CSMA-CA ..................................................................................................121.10.2 Beacon-Enabled vs. Nonbeacon Networking .............................................131.10.3 Data Transfer Methods ...............................................................................131.10.4 Data Verification .........................................................................................151.10.5 Addressing ..................................................................................................15

1.11 Association and Disassociation .................................................................................161.12 Binding ......................................................................................................................161.13 ZigBee Self-Forming and Self-Healing Characteristics ...........................................161.14 ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Networking Layer Functions ........................................17

1.14.1 PHY Layer ..................................................................................................171.14.2 MAC Layer .................................................................................................191.14.3 The NWK Layer .........................................................................................211.14.4 The APL Layer ...........................................................................................221.14.5 Security .......................................................................................................22

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1.15 The ZigBee Gateway ................................................................................................231.16 ZigBee Metaphor ......................................................................................................23References ..........................................................................................................................23

Chapter 2 ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Networking Examples ............................... 252.1 Home Automation .....................................................................................................25

2.1.1 Security Systems ...........................................................................................252.1.2 Meter-Reading Systems ................................................................................262.1.3 Irrigation Systems .........................................................................................272.1.4 Light Control Systems ..................................................................................272.1.5 Multizone HVAC Systems ............................................................................28

2.2 Consumer Electronics: Remote Control ...................................................................292.3 Industrial Automation ...............................................................................................29

2.3.1 Asset Management and Personnel Tracking .................................................292.3.2 Livestock Tracking........................................................................................30

2.4 Healthcare .................................................................................................................312.5 Other Applications ....................................................................................................32

2.5.1 Hotel Guest Room Access ............................................................................322.5.2 Fire Extinguishers .........................................................................................32

References ..........................................................................................................................32

Chapter 3 ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol Layers .................................. 333.1 ZigBee and IEEE 802.15.4 Networking Layers .......................................................333.2 The IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Specifications ...................................................................34

3.2.1 Channel Assignments ...................................................................................343.2.2 Energy Detection ..........................................................................................363.2.3 Carrier Sense .................................................................................................363.2.4 Link Quality Indicator ..................................................................................373.2.5 Clear Channel Assessment ............................................................................373.2.6 The PHY Constants and Attributes ...............................................................383.2.7 PHY Services ................................................................................................393.2.8 The Service Primitives ..................................................................................423.2.9 PHY Packet Format ......................................................................................443.2.10 Summary of the PHY Layer Responsibilities ...............................................46

3.3 IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Layer .......................................................................................473.3.1 Beacon-Enabled Operation and Superframe Structure .................................483.3.2 The Interframe Spacing ................................................................................513.3.3 CSMA-CA ....................................................................................................523.3.4 MAC Services ...............................................................................................563.3.5 The MAC Frame Format ...............................................................................683.3.6 The MAC Promiscuous Mode of Operation ................................................