Zimmar Aikin Sa-Kai

OFISHIN HARKOKIN WATSA LABARUN {ASASHEN DUNIYA NA GWAMNATIN {ASAR AMIRKA

GWAMNATIN {ASAR AMIRKA, KUNDIN NA 16/LAMBA TA 5 da aka wallafa a watan

Janairun 2013 Jami’in Gudanarwa Dawn L. McCall Babban Edita Nicholas S. Namba Darektan {asidu Michael Jay Friedman Darektar Labaru Mary T. Chunko Editan Harkokin Gudanarwa Phillip C. Kurata Mai Kula Zane-zane Chloe D. Ellis Wadda ta Zana Bangon Mujalla Dori Walker Editar Hotuna Ann Monroe Jacobs Jami’in Nazari Martin J. Manning Ofishin Harkokin Watsa Labarun {asashen Duniya na Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ne ke wallafa mujallar eJournal USA. Kowace fitowa na bincikar manyan al’amurran da {asar Amirka da sauran al’ummar duniya ke fuskanta, ta kuma fa]akar da masu karatu, na }asashen duniya game da }ungiyoyi da martabobi da tunani da kuma cibiyoyin {asar Amirka. Ana buga kowace mujallar eJournal a cikin Harshen Turanci, daga bisani kuma a cikin harsunan }asashen Faransa da Portugal da Rasha da kuma Spain, a yanar-gizo. Ana kuma za~ar wa]ansu fitowar mujallar don fassara su cikin harsunan Larabci da na }asashen China da Persia. Kowace mujalla tana da kundinta da kuma lambarta. Ba dole ba ne dukan ra’ayoyin da aka bayyana a cikin mujallolin su kasance daidai da ra’ayoyi da kuma manufofin gwamnatin {asar Amirka. Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ba ta wani alhaki

game da abinda mujallar ta }unsa, da kuma ci gaba da yin amfani da su a yanar-gizon dake da ala}a da mujallolin; wannan alhakin ya rataya ne a wuyan wa]anda suka wallafa labarun yanar-gizon. Ana kuma iya na]ar labaru da hotuna da kuma zane-zane, ko a fassara mujallar, a wajen {asar Amirka, bayan a nemi iznin wa]anda suka mallaki labarun mujallar. Editan, eJournal USA IIP/CD/WC U.S. Department of State 2200 C Street, NW Washington, DC 20522-0501 USA Yanar-gizo: eJournalUSA@state.gov

Game da wannan fitowar

Labarin zuciya a tambayi fuska, ganin irin yadda wannan yaron ke fahimtar irin kalmomin da

aka buga, a wannan shafin, da kyau, lokacin da wannan jami’in aikin sa-kan ke karantar da shi.

Wa yake sadaukar da jininsa a {asar Amirka? Wa yake shugabantar Rundunar ‘Yan Boy

Scout? Wa yake rera wa}o}i a asibitoci, a lokuttan hotu? Wa yake kashe gobara da ceto mutanen dake bukatar agajin gaggawa? Masu ayyukan sa-kai ne, wa]anda ke tsagire a cikin jinsin al’ummar {asar Amirka, da ba a sanin ko su wanene. Wannan fitowar ta mujallar eJournalUSA, za ta mayar da hankali ne ga irin yadda ba a gwarzanta ]imbin jama’ar dake bayar da gudunmawar da ta kai ta dolar Amirka miliyan dubu 173, a kowace shekara, idan har biyansu ]awainiyar sa-kan da suke yi, za a yi. Irin ayyukan da suka zame jiki, a al’ummar {asar Amirka, ya zamar ma su jiki. Aikin kashe gobara na daga cikin ayyukan sa-kai, na farko, da Benjamin Franklin ya ~ullo da su, a Philadelphia, a 1736. Wannnan }wa}}waran tunanin kuma ya ya]u, hai}an, wanda a cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, garuruwan gabashin bakin tekun Arewacin {asar Amirka, sun bun}asa yawan kamfanonin sa-kai na kashe gobara. Al’adar ayyukan sa-kai, a }anana da manyan birane, a yau, da kuma irin yadda suke ]ara ya]uwa, bisa ga yadda ake amfani da harkokin wasi}un yanar-gizo, ya bu]e wata kafar da jama’a za su iya taimaka wa sauran jama’ar duniya, a wajen ayyukan sa-kai, ba tare da sun bar gidajensu ba.

Al’adar kuma da jami’an harkokin kiwon lafiyar suka ]auka, na kai ]auki a yankunan da bala’i ya abku, kamar yadda “jiga-jigan” garin Alexandria, na Jihar Virginia ke yi, na taimaka wa marayu da masu ayyukan sa-kai, dake taimaka wa ‘yan gudun hijirar wa]ansu wurare, na bu]e sabuwar rayuwa, a garuruwan {asar Amirka. Zimmar Ayyukan Sa-kai, ya tuno da labaru wa]anda suka taimaka. Edita

Gwamnatin {asar Amirka/watan Janairun 2012/Kundi na 16/Lamba ta 5

Zimmar Aikin Sa-Kai 4 Aikin Sa-Kai: Al’adar Jama’ar {asar Amirka Daga Susan J. Ellis da Katherine H. Campbell Aikin Sa-kai ya fara ne, tun lokacin da {asar Amirka ke cikin duhun kai, har ya zuwa yau. 10 Jami’an Aikin Sa-Kan Kashe Gobara Na Amirka Daga Rick J. Markley Aikin sa-kan kashe gobara a yankunan da {asar Amirka ta mallaka, da kuma sauransu, har yanzu yana nan da }arfinsa. 18 Har Da Ma “Kakanni” Daga Jeanne Holden Aikin sa-kai na “kakannin” dake }ara wa marayu }warin gwiwa. 22 Ha]in Gwiwar Bayar da Kiwon Lafiya: Sauraron Jama’a na Gina Al’umma Daga Lisa J. Armstrong Ayyukan sa-kan sauraren bukatun jama’ar {asar Haiti, sun inganta wuraren shan magunguna da al’umma. 28 Samar Da Matsugunni A Jihar Seattle Daga Charlotte West Masu Ayyukan Kwamitin Sa-kai Don Ceto, na Duniya, sun taimaka wa masu gudun hijira, wajen bu]e sabuwar rayuwa, a wurare. 32 Ba Don Riba Ba: Ma’aikatan IBM Ke Aikin Sa-kai Daga Kathryn McConnell [aya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin na’ura mai }wa}walwa, na taimaka wa ma’aikatansa, na da su yi amfani da basirarsu, wajen taimaka wa, jama’ar dake }asashe masu tasowa. 37 {arin Bayanai Game da Aikin Sa-kai Hoto na hagu: masu ayyukan sa-kai ne, na Musulmi da Yahudawa, watau Reem Ameiche da Risha Ring, suke wawware gwangwanayen abinci, a wurin ajiyar kayayyakin abinci dake garin Pontiac, na yankin Michigan, don taimaka wa mabu}ata, a lokacin hunturu. Ba dole ba ne, ra’ayi da aka bayyana, a cikin wannan mujallar ya kasance daidai da ra’ayoyi da manufofin Gwamnatin {asar Amirka.

Aikin Sa-Kai: Al’adar Jama’ar {asar Amirka

Susan J. Ellis da Katherine H. Campbell

{ungiyar Red Cross ta {asar Amirka ce, kan gaba, wajen }o}arin gudanar da ayyukan sa-kai, a {asar Amirka, tun 1881. Har yanzu kuma ba ta kasa ba.

Aikin sa-kai na kawo farin ciki wa]anda ke yin sa, kazalika da wa]anda ake bai wa taimakon.

“Na ga jama’ar {asar Amirka na gudanar da gagarumin aikin sa-kai, tsakani da Allah, don amfanin jama’a, kuma a ]arururwan lokutta na lura cewa, su kan bayar da taimakon, tsakani da Allah, a duk lokacin da ya taso.” — in ji Alexis de Tocqueville, a 1835.

A {asar Amirka, babu wanda bai ta~a yin aikin sa-kai ba. A kowace rana, miliyoyin

jama’ar Amirka, na sadaukar da kansu, da basirarsu, domin amfanin jama’a, ta hanyar ayyukan sa-kai. Ayyukan sa-kai ma, wata al’ada ce a {asar Amirka, da ake gudanarwa, a kullum, a kowane nau’in rayuwa. A wata shekarar, misalin kashi ]aya daga cikin biyar da yawan jama’ar {asar Amirka, wa]anda sun kai miliyan 62, na gudanar da aikin sa-kai, a cewar }ididdigar gwamnatin {asar Amirka. Suna bayar da gudunmawar fiye da awowi miliyan dubu takwas, wa]anda aka kiyasta ku]insu da ya kai dolar Amirka miliyan dubu 173. Tushen aikin sa-kai, a {asar Amirka, ba }arami ba ne. Jama’ar {asar Amirka kan kafa }ungiyoyi, don taimaka wa juna, tun lokacin mulkin mallaka. Ba}i, a sababbin yankunan da {asar Amirka ta mallaka, na da abubuwan da suke mayar da hankali a kai, watau rayuwa. A zahiri, yankunan suna cikin duhu, kuma babu wa]ansu }ungiyoyin kyautata jin da]in rayuwa. Don haka, ha]in kai, akai-akai, yana da amfani, don bambanta rayuwar mai rai da matacce. Manoman ma}wabta, kan ha]a }arfi, wuri guda, wajen sassabe gonaki da gina gidaje da bukkuki, da girbin amfanin gona. Wuraren sa}ar barguna da wuraren sulu, suna da yawa, kamar kuma “majema,” wa]anda ke tara mata, don taimaka wa juna, wajen sharar muhalli, a kowane shekara. Masu ayyukan sa-kai na gina mujami’u, kuma akwai manyan bayanai da suka ji~inci bayar da gudunmawar filaye da ku]a]e da kayayyakin aiki, domin kowane yanki ya mallaki wurin da zai ri}a yin ibada. Ana kuma kiran ayyukan sa-kan, na maza da mata, “ayyukan kar~a-kar~a.” A kuma lokacin da tsofaffin }auyukan suka fara zama garuruwa, sai aka ri}a ~ullowa da sababbin ayyukan sa-kai. Sanya fitilun dake haska tituna, shine aikin farko da aka ]ora wa masu gidaje, na rataye fitulu, a }ofofinsu. An kuma fara “Karatun Ranakun Lahadi”, don yaran talakawa dake aikin kwanaki shida, a cikin mako, su ri}a koyon karatun littafin Bible, a wannan ranar ka]ai. Tun farkon shekarun 1600, turawan mulkin mallaka suka kafa wata }ungiyar kashe gobara, a garin Boston da Philadelphia da New Amsterdam (wanda yanzu ake kira New York), kuma a cikin 1736, Benjamin Franklin, ya }addamar da kamfanin kashe gobara na garin Philadelphia, wanda }unshi “masu aikin sa-kai har 30, dake sayen bahunan fata da jikkuna da kuma kwanduna.” Wannan tunanin ya ya]u, cikin hanzari, a dukan tsofaffin biranen, har ya zuwa yau, lokacin da kashi 70 cikin 100 na masu kashe gobara, a {asar Amirka, duk ‘yan aikin sa-kai ne. Bayan shekaru 350, aikin sa-kai, ya mamaye ]aukacin {asar Amirka. Ayyukan na sa-kai sun kai har ba a kula da su, don sun zama jiki. Mafi yawan jama’ar {asar Amirka, ba su ta~a tunanin irin gudunmawar da masu ayyukan sa-kai ke bayarwa ba, dangane da rayuwar yau da kullum, kuma ba su ta yin wata tambayar da ta yi kama da:

• Wa yake sadaukar da kansa? • Wa yake gudanar da }ungiyoyin iyaye da malamai, a makarantu? • Wa yake aikin tanadin tarihin kan iyakoki? • Wa yake rarraba takardun gangamin harkokin siyasa da rajistar masu jefa }uri’a? • Wa yake amfani da gidajen rediyo, don kiran a kawo ]auki? • Wa ke shugabantar }ungiyoyin 4-H? da na ‘yan Scout? da }ungiyoyin wasannin matasa? • Wa yake shiga shafukan yanar-gizo, irin su tweeter, da yin amfani da sauran shafukan yanar-gizo, don bayar da shawarwarin kawo canji? Wa]annan tambayoyin ma ba wani abu ba ne, amma, suna nuna irin yadda ayyukan sa-kai suka yi yawaitar da jama’ar Amirka ke cikinsu. Masu ayyukan sa-kai, a Amirka, na yi ne, ba don suna ba, ko samun riba, amma, sai don sun san irin bukatun da ake da su, da kuma shirin da suke da shi, na ]aukar ]awainiyar bukatun. Amma, saboda ]aukar wannan ]awainiyar, tare da sauran ayyukansu na yau da kullum, da kuma saboda ba su nemi taimakon ku]a]e, masu ayyukan sa-kan kan kasa sanin muhimmancin aikin da suke yi. Mafi yawan masana tarihi ma, na yin biris da muhimmanci da kuma ]imbin gudunmawar da }ungiyoyin ayyukan sa-kai ke bai wa tarihin {asar Amirka. Amma, irin ]imbin ayyukan na sa-kai, da ake ta yi, a kowane ~angare na {asar Amirka, a cikin shekarun nan, masu gudanar da ayyukan sa-kan ne ke tsara yadda abubuwan da suka shafi al’adu da tarihin {asar ta Amirka ke kasancewa. Muhimmancin masu ayyukan sa-kai, a {asar Amirka, kullum a kan gaba suke, wajen kula da muhimmancin al’amura da bukatu, tun kafin gwamnati ko wata cibiya ta yun}ura, da kuma gudanar da ayyukan da za a biya bukatun. Aikin sa-kai bai gudana haka kawai; ya kan kawo canji ga yawan jama’a, da rukunin iyalai da sigogin samar da ayyuka da kuma tattalin arziki. Alal misali, kamar yadda ake da daidaicin yawan mata da maza dake aiki, kamfanonin {asar Amirka, da dama, sun kafa wata hukumar tsara ayyukan sa-kai, don taimaka wa ma’aikata, su ri}a sadauka da lokacinsu, koda na ‘yan awowi ne, a kowane mako, har ya zuwa ranakun hutun shekara. Ga kuma wa]anda suka wuce shekaru 60, wa]anda su suka fi yawa, wa]ansu }ungiyoyin ayyukan sa-kan taimaka wa tsofaffi, na {asar Amirka, sun amsa kiran rage yawan shekarun da ake bukata, don janyo hankalin masu shekaru 50 zuwa 60, da su ri}a taimaka wa wa]annan ]imbin tsofaffin. {arin yawan shafukan yanar-gizo, a Rukunin WWW, ya canja rayuwar kowa ya kuma shafi ayyukan sa-kai. Na farko, ya kamata a lura da muhimmancin masu ayyukan sa-kai da kuma irin yadda shafukan yanar-gizo ke bun}asa: dangane da tsare-tsaren bayar da bayanai da shafukan dake ]auke da bayanan jama’a da kuma ]imbin shafukan da ba a biyan komai, dake bayar da gudunmawa ga harkokin musayar bayanai.

Har ila yau, shafukan yanar-gizon na WWW, sun haifar da ayyukan sa-kai, wa]anda za su iya biya ma ka bukatunka, a ko ina ka ke, a cikin duniya. Wannan na iya kasancewa tun daga tace rahotanni, ya zuwa fassara su, amma, kuma yana bayar da taimako, a fakaici, ko kuma lura da irin yadda matasa ke amfani da wasi}un yanar-gizo da sauran linzamai. Haka kuma harkokin fasaha na }ara muhimmancin harkokin ayyukan sa-kai. Alal misali, wayoyin tafi-da-gidanka na zamani, na bai wa }aramin ma’aikacin aikin sa-kai damar da zai yi amfani da yanar-gizo, don buga waya. Idan kuma aka dubi gaba, ba a za samu wata damuwa ba, wajen ci gaban irin ayyukan sa-kan da Amirkawa ke yi, na kawo canji da sadaukar da kansu da kasancewarsu ba za su iya ba. Susan J. Ellis da Katherine H. Campbell, mawallafan }asidar nan ce, ma suna By the People: A History of Americans as Volunteers. Ellis ita ce shugabar kamfanin Energize, Inc., dake gudanar da harkokin horarwa da bayar da shawarwari da wani kamfani ]ab’in da ya shahara a kan harkokin ayyukan sa-kai. Campbell kuma babbar darekta ce, a Hukumar Tantance Harkokin Mulkin Ayyukan Sa-Kai, wata cibiya, ]aya tilo, dake tsara sharu]]an da ake cikawa kafin a shugabanci masu ayyukan sa-kai. Kuma ita ce tsohuwar shugabar {ungiyar Harkokin Mulkin Ayyukan Sa-kai.

Ba dole ba ne, ra’ayi da aka bayyana, a cikin wannan mujallar ya kasance daidai da ra’ayoyi da manufofin Gwamnatin {asar Amirka.

{awata kayayyakin tarihi da wuraren sha}atawa, a {asar Amirka, ba zai yiwu ba, sai da masu

ayyukan sa-kai. Tubar-kalla, Shugaba Lincoln har ya yi haske, saboda aikin wannan ma’aikacin sa-kan.

“[a na, haka za ka bugi }wallon har ta fice fili,” in ji dattijo, wani tsohon ]an wasan baseball,

ga wani yaron dake da zimmar zama ]an wasa. Koyar da wasa na janyo hankalin masu ayyukan sa-kai, da dama, a {asar Amirka.

Masu ayyukan sa-kai na da muhimmanci wajen rajistar masu jefa }uri’a, a {asar Amirka.

Aikin Sa-Kai A Amirka

Masu ayyukan sa-kai, da dama, na gudanar da ayyukan a gidajen talakawa. Shafen sabon fenti, a gidaje, na ]aya daga cikin ayyukan }arshe da ake gudanarwa, kafin a dam}a sabon mai shiga

gida makullai.

Kusan jama’ar {asar Amirka miliyan 63 suka sadaukar da fiye da awowi miliyan dubu takwas, a 2010. An }iyasta awowin kan dolar Amirka miliyan dubu 173, idan biya za a yi, a cewar Hukumar Ayyukan Jama’a ta {asa, (CNCS), wata hukumar tarayya da ta jagoranci gangamin Shugaba Obama, na “United We Serve”. Mafi yawan ayyukan sa-kan da aka fi yi sune: • Kafa gidauniyoyin taimakon jin }ai, ko na }ungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, wa]anda sun kai kashi 26.5 cikin 100 • Dafa abinci da rarraba shi, kashi 23.5 cikin 100 • Sauran ayyuka da sufuri, kashi 20.3 cikin 100, (kamar aikin shara ko ]aukar tsofaffi a abubuwan hawa) • Koyarwa, kashi 18.5 cikin 100 • Renon Matasa, kashi 17 cikin 100. Mutanen da aka Haifa tsakanin 1965 da 1981, wa]anda ake kira Generation X, wa]anda kuma suka sadaukar da awowinsu miliyan dubu biyu da miliyan 300, a 2010, inda aka samu }arin kusan awowi miliyan 110, a bisa ga shekerar 2009. Masu ayyukan sa-kai da ake kira Generation X, na amfani da dabarun zamani, wajen taimakon }ungiyoyin duniya, ba tare da sun bar gidajensu ba. Hukumar Ayyukan Sa-Kai a Yanar-Gizo ta Majalisar [inkin Duniya, (UNV), da aka kafa a 2000, na da masu ayyukan sa-kai fiye da dubu biyu, da suka yi rajistar kamalla ayyuka dubu 15 da 109, a 2010. Wa]ansu masu ayyukan sa-kan, a yanar-gizo, sun taimaka wajen bun}asa, da dama, da cikin }ungiyoyin NGO dubu biyu, dake tare da Hukumar ta UNV.

Masu Ayyukan Sa-Kai Na Kashe Gobara A Amirka

Daga Rick J. Markley

Ayyukan masu ayyukan sa-kan kashe gobara ya wuce yadda ake tsammani. Har ila yau, suna

gudanar da ayyukan agaji, kamar yadda masu aikin sa-kan na La Farge ke yi, a hoton nan, inda wani direba ya mirgina da motarsa.

Garin La Farge, na Wisconsin — A ce wata }ara ta tayar da kai da }arfe biyu, na dare,

daga bisani kuma tsuwwa ta biyo baya. Sai kuma ka ji wata murya na kakari, a cikin rediyon oba-oba, a gefen gadonka, tana cewa, “Ana bukatare taimakon sashen kashe gobara. Ana bukatare taimakon sashen kashe gobara.” A kuma matsayinka na wanda ba a biya, sai ka amsa wannan kiran. Irin wannan kiran, a garin na La Farge, ko kuma irinsa, na daga cikin ]imbin kiraye-kirayen da ake yi, a kowane dare, a ]aukacin fa]in {asar Amirka. Wannan kuma na faruwa, domin fiye da kashi 85, cikin 100, na sassan kashe gobarar {asar Amirka, yana tsagire ne da ma’aikata ko kuma masu aikin sa-kai. Masu aikin sa-kan sun kai kusan su miliyan ]aya, dake sadaukar da lokuttansu, da na iyalansu, da ma barcinsu, don amsa kiran kai agaji: na ceton wa]anda suka shiga ha]arin abubuwan hawa ko gine-gine, dake }unshe da abubuwa masu ha]ari da kuma fama da gobara. Wa]annan mutanen, maza da mata, na daga cikin wa]anda ke da wannan al’adar, tun kafin {asar Amirka ta samu ‘yancin kai. Tushen aikin sa-kan kashe gobara An san dai Benjamin Franklin, mai }ir}ire-}ir}ire ne, ko mawallafi ko kuma jami’in harkokin diflomasiyya. Abinda ba a san Franklin da shi ba, shine kafa }ungiyar ‘yan aikin sa-kai, ta farko, shekaru 40, kafin yankunan mulkin mallakar {asar Amirka, 13, su zartar da ‘yancin kai, su kuma zama Ha]a]]iyar {asar Amirka. A wani tattakin da Franklin ya yi zuwa Birnin Boston, ya lura da irin yadda aka tsara garin dangane da kashe gobara, fiye da Birnin Philadelphia, garin da yake kira mahaifarsa. Lokacin da ya dawo birnin Philadelphia, Franklin ya kafa Kamfanin Kashe Gobara, a 1736.

Wannan tunani na kafa }ungiyar kashe gobara, ya ya]u, aka kuma kakkafa sauran }ungiyoyi, a sauran garuruwan na Amirka. Cikin wa]anda suka fara aikin sa-kai, na kashe gobarar, suna da abin hannunsu, kuma suna da jin }ai. Wannan wadatar da suke da ita, tana da muhimmanci, domin masu aikin sa-kai, dole su wadata kawunansu da kayayyakin aiki. Tun kuma lokacin ake samun canji. Yanzu manyan biranen {asar Amirka, irin su Boston da Philadelphia, suna da sassan dake da ma’aikatan da suka }ware ga aikin kashe gobara, amma, daga gefen biranen, da mafi yawan yankunan na {asar Amirka, da na karkara, har yanzu masu aikin sa-kai ne, ke gudanar da ayyukan kashe gobara. Aikin Kashe Gobara na Al’umma: Wata Al’adar Amirka Garin La Farge, wani }aramin gari ne, a kudu maso yammacin Birnin Wisconsin. A matsayinsa na babban jami’in kashe gobara, Philip Stittleburg, na kula da masu kashe gobara har 30, wa]anda cikakkun manoma ne, ko manajoji ko ma’aikatan kamfani ko kuma ‘yan kasuwa. Sashen masu aikin sa-kan na da tashar kashe gobara ]aya, yana kuma yi wa gidaje dubu biyu da 750, dake a cikin murabba’in mil 135, (murabba’in kilomita 350) aiki. Suna kai ]aukin agaji misalin 50, a kowace shekara, dangane da karon motoci da gobara, da ]imbin kiraye-kiraye. Stittleburg ya ce, sashen kashe gobarar na da kusan yawan masu ayyukan sa-kai da kiran ]aukin, dangane da yawan kiraye-kirayen da ake yi, tun lokacin da ya shiga aikin, yau shekaru 38, da suka wuce.

Babban Jami’I, Philip Stittleburg ya fara tu}a motar kashe gobara, tun lokacin yana makarantar koyon aikin lauya, a 1972. Aikin lauya da kashe gobara, sune rayuwarsa tun wannan lokacin.

Aikin Sa-Kan Kashe Gobara A Amirka • mafi yawan kashi 86, cikin 100, na ma’aikatan sassan kashe gobara, duk masu aikin sa-kai ne, su kuma ke kula da kashi 39, cikin 100, na yawan jama’a. • Daga cikin ma’aikatan kashe gobara miliyan ]aya da dubu 150, dake Amirka, dubu 812, da 150, masu aikin sa-kai ne. • Kashi 94, cikin 100 na masu aikin sa-ran kashe gobara, na aiki ne, ga mazajen da ba su kasa yawan dubu 25 ba.

• Akwai masu aikin sa-kai dubu 21, da 235, wa]anda dubu hu]u da 830 daga cikinsu, suna aikin ne, a sassan kashe gobarar {asar Amirka. • Masu aikin sa-kan kashe gobara, na ceto ku]a]en jama’a har dolar Amirka, har miliyan dubu 37 da miliyan dubu biyu, a kowace shekara, ta fannin haraji. • Ma’aikatan kashe gobara, a Amirka, 72 ne, suka mutu, a bakin aiki, a 2010; 44 daga cikinsu kuma masu aikin sa-kai ne.

Fiye da kashi 85, cikin 100 na sassan kashe gobara a {asar Amirka, na tsagire da ma’aikata ko masu aikin sa-kai. Wa]annnan masu aikin sa-kan, sun kai su miliyan ]aya. Wani abinda har yanzu bai canja ba, shine aikin sa-kai wajen kashe gobara. Sanin ya kamata, shi ke sa maza da mata barin gadajensu, da }arfe biyu, na dare, on amsa kiran neman agaji. “Mafi yawansu suna da tausayin abinda ya rataya a wuyansu, game da jama’arsu,” in ji Stittleburg. “Al’umma ke kula da kai, ita ke koyar da kai ]a’a, dole ka biya su. Kuma akwai biyan bukata, bisa ga zama cikin rundunar wannan mawuyacin aiki, aikin da ba kowa ke iya yinsa ba.” Stittleburg ya fara aikin sa-kan kashe gobara, a matsayin direba, na wucin-gadi, yayinda yake zuwa makarantar koyon aikin lauya. Tunda aikin kashe gobara yana cikin jininsa ne, sai ya shiga sashen kashe gobarar na garin La Farge, a 1972, bayan da ya kammala koyon aikin lauya, ya kuma zama babban jami’i, shekaru biyar da suka wuce. A matsayinsa na lauya, Stittleburg, ya yi aiki, a matsayin mataimakin mai gabatar da }ararrakin laifuka. Ya ce, ayyukan biyu, na bukatar hanzarta yanke shawara, bisa ga irin bayanin da aka ba ka, ko kuma aka canja. Idan ka yanke gurguwar shawara, to, al’amarin babu da]i, don haka da lauya da ma’aikacin kashe gobara, ba su yanke shawara ]aya, sai sun yi tunanin wata. Stittleburg ya ce, irin aikin da yake yi a kotu, na iya sa ya }ara }warewa, a matsayin jami’in kashe gobara, amma, al’amarin ba haka ba ne. Kwanan nan ya ajiye aikin jami’in gabatar da }ararraki, amma har yanzu shine jami’in aikin kashe gobarar. Stittleburg ya ce, ya ga yadda abubuwa suke canjawa, a sashensa da kuma a aikin na kashe gobara da aikin sa-kai, a ]aukacin fa]in }asar. A bisa ga irin abubuwan da ya gani, a matsayin

jami’in Hukumar Aikin Sa-Kan Kashe Gobara, Stittleburg ya ce, ana nuna }warewa, mai ]imbin yawa, a tsakanin masu gudanar da aikin sa-kai, wajen samun horo. Ba kuma kamar yadda ma’aikatan sa-kai, na farko, suke ba, na yau ba su saya wa kawunansu kayayyakin aikin kashe gobara.

Ma’aikatan kashe gobara na garin La Farge, na bayar da umurni ga jirgi mai saukar angulu, na yadda zai sauka a kan }an}ara, don ]aukar wani mutumin da ya yi ha]arin mota, zuwa asibiti.

Bayar Ku]a]e ga Masu Aikin Sa-Kan Kashe Gobara Mafi yawan al’ummar dake da sassan kashe gobara, na ke~e wa]ansu ku]a]e, na saye da kuma kyautata gyaran kayayyakin aiki, irin su riguna da wanduna da kuma hular kwanon da ba su cin wuta, da tankunan iskar sha}a da kariyar fuska da kuma takalma. Har ila yau, ana amfani da ku]a]en jama’a, wajen sayen kayayyakin kashe gobara da ceton rayuka da dukiyoyi. Amma, irin ku]a]en da }ananan hukumomi ke bayarwa ba su isar bukatun sassan kashe gobarar. Idan hakan ta faru, al’ummar dake bayar da ku]a]e ga masu aikin sa-kan kashe gobarar, kan }ara bayar da gudunmawa. Alal misali, ta hannun irin cacar da ake yi, da sayar da kalenda, masu aikin na sa-kai, na garin La Farge, na tara ku]a]e, har dolar Amirka dubu 10, wanda kusan shine kashi 10, cikin 100, na kasafin ku]a]en kamfanin, a shekara, wajen sayen }arin kayayyakin aiki. Har ila yau, gwamnatin tarayya, na taka rawar gani, wajen taimaka wa masu aikin sa-kan kashe gobarar, wajen ba su ku]a]e, a kowace shekara. Lokacin kuma da sashen ya bukaci ku]a]e daga gwamnatin tarayya, dole sashen ya nuna cewa, kayayyakin, irin su motocin da ake bukata, dole kuma a ware ku]a]en sayen su. Stittleburg ya ce, ya yi amfani da irin wa]anna ku]a]e, wajen sayen motocin kashe gobara, a garin La Farge. Amma, duk da wa]annan ku]a]en, masu aikin sa-kai, da dama, na ajiye motocinsu, suna aiki, na tsawon lokaci. “Lokacin da na zo nan, a 1972, muna da motoci biyu ne: ]aya, samfurin 1957 International ce, wannan kuma ita ce motarmu, ta farko, sai kuma ]ayar, samfurin 1939 Dodge ce,” in ji Stittleburg. Jim ka]an, bayan da ya zama babban jami’i, sashen na Stittleburg ya sayo mota }irar 1972. “Yansu, motarmu ta biyu, }irar 1972 International ce; ta kuma tsofe fiye da samfurin 1939, da na tarar.” Haka ma }irar 1939 Dodge? An kuma yi ma ta kwaskwarima, har ta za abin nunawa. Ben Franklin kuma, ma’aikacin sa-kan kashe gobara ne kuma jami’in harkar diflomasiyya, wanda ke tin}aho da aikinsa.

Rick Markley ya yi aikin sa-kai a matsayin manaja watsa labaru, na {ungiyar Agajin Kashe Gobara na duniya, wadda ke bayar da kayayyakin aikin kashe gobara da dabarun kai ]auki, da horo, ga }asashen dake tasowa. Ma’aikacin sa-kai ne, na aikin kashe gobara, kuma tsohon editan Mujallar Kashe Gobara, mai suna Fire Chief.

Kashe Gobara: Al’adar Iyali

Thad Stutler, jami’in aikin sa-kan kashe gobara na garin Dyer, dake Indiana, na da ‘yan uwa dake aikin kashe gobara, da ceto rayukan jama’a, na kusan shekaru 100 da suka wuce. Kakan

kakan kakansa, Philip Keilman, ya yi aikin sa-kan kashe gobara, a garin na Dyer, a 1915. Garin Dyer na Indiana, ]akin kwanan al’ummar dake kilomita 64, a kudancin Birnin Chicago. Akwai jama’a dubu 16, dake zaune, a wurin, da sashen kashe gobarar, a }ar}ashin jikan jikan jikan garin na Dyer, wajen kashe gobara, ke shugabanta. A watan Disambar 1987, Thad Stutler, lokacin yana da shekaru 23, da haihuwa, ya shiga aikin sashen kashe gobara na garin na Dyer, bayan da ya kammala karatun koleji, inda ya fito da digirin aikin jiyya. A 1965, shekaru 22, kafin mahaifin Stutler, watau Gary, ya shiga aikin sa-kan, inda ya ri}e duk wa]ansu mu}amai, na sashen, ya kuma zama babban jami’i, na shekara ]aya. Tushen aikin sa-kan kashe gobarar wannan jinsin, ya faro tun 1915, lokacin da Phillip Keilman, watau kakan kakan mahaifiyar Thad Stutler, ya shiga aikin sashen. Keilman, wanda masanin harkokin harha]a magunguna ne, na kamfanin E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (Dupont), na ]aya daga cikin jami’ai 19, na farko, da suka kafa aikin sa-kan kashe gobara, don kare Karen. “Na tashi, ina ‘yan yawace-yawace na, a ofishin kashe gobara,” in ji Stutler. A shekarun 1960 da na 1970, ba sabon abu ba ne, masu aikin sa-kan kashe gobara, su kasance ‘yan uwan juna, na jini ko aure, in ji shi. Kuma har wa]anda ba su da wata dangantakar jiki, suna da ala}a da juna. Lokaci ya canja, tun lokacin da Stutler ya san yadda ake kashe gobara, da aka sanya wa sashen kashe gobarar sunan mahaifinsa. Yanzu, ana son masu aikin sa-kan kashe gobara da su yi aikin awowi dubu, na koyon aiki, idan suka shiga. Kuma aikin akwai neman }arin }warewa, in ji shi. Ma’aikatan garin na Dyer, su 31, na kai ]aukin kiran tashin gobara ko ha]arin mota, da kuma

bayar da agaji. Sashen na kar~a kiraye-kiraye fiye da dubu ]aya da 100, kowace shekara, wanda fiye da kashi 80, cikin 100, na kiraye-kirayen na bayar da agaji ne. A gida kuma, Stutler da matarsa da ‘ya’yansa hu]u, wa]anda ba su yi girman da za su shiga aikin sa-kan kashe gobarar ba. Kamar dai Stutler, ‘ya’yansa sun girma ne, a ofishin kashe gobara, ko dai don aiki, a injin yin gugurun dake ofishin kashe gobarar, ko kuma kallon wa]anda ake horarwa game da bayar da agaji ga wa]anda suka samu ha]ari. “Tuni har sun karantu da aikin kashe gobarar, da kuma rigakafin tashin gobara,” in ji Stutler. An koyar da su irin yadda ake nuna juriya, idan al’amari ya }azanta. Amma, daga cikin abubuwan da suka koya, ba dole ba ne, Stutler ya tura yaransa, ga aikin sa-kan kashe gobarar. Ya tuna da shawarar da mahaifinsa ya ba shi, yana matashi. “Ya ce min kada in shiga aikin, domin shi ya yi, amma, ya shiga ne, domin yana da bukata,” in ji Stutler. “Kuma idan na shiga, to, in yi aiki mai kyau; kada ka maye gurbin wanda zai iya yi, yadda ya kamata.”

Kashe Gobara Har Tsallaken Iyakar {asar Amirka

Hukumar Kai Agajin Gobara ta Duniya, ta bayar da gudunmawar kayayyakin aikin kashe

gobara, ga }asashen }etare. Wani ma’aikacin famfo, dake Reshen Arewa, na Birnin Minnesota, ya bayar da gudunmawar wurin ajiyar kayayyakin, kafin a ]auke su.

Ron Gruening ne, a hannun hagu, yake koyar da mutanen {asar Hondurus kashe gobara, a

Tsibirin Roatan, da yadda ake ]aura tankin iskar sha}a, idan za a shiga ginin dake cin wuta.

Aikin sa-kan Amirkawa wajen kashe gobara, ya kai har ya zuwa tsallken kan iyakokin {asar Amirka. {ungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, da dama, dake {asar Amirka, sun bayar da gudunmawar kayayyakin aiki, da bayar da horo ga masu kashe gobarar, a }asashe masu tasowa.

[aya daga cikin wa]annan }ungiyoyin ita ce Hukumar Bayar da Aikin Agajin Gobara ta Duniya, (IFRM), wadda masu aikin agajinta, kan kashe ku]a]ensu, wajen kashe gobara, a }asashen waje. “Idan sashen kashe gobara na }asar Amirka ya sayi sababbin kayayyaki, zai kasance sauran na’urorin da za a canja, za su kasance suna aiki,” in ji Ron Gruening, wanda shine shugaban hukumar ta IFRM, kuma ma’aikacin sa-kan kashe gobara. “Muna aike su ga sassan kashe gobarar dake bukatar, a duniya, in masu kashe gobarar za su yiaiki da su, yadda ya kamata, da kuma taimaka ma su, wajen kashe jama’arsu. Har ila yau, muna sadaukar da lokaci, a }asashen masu tasowa, wajen horar da masu kashe gobara, game da irin kayayyakin da suke amfani da su, da kuma ba su horon share-fage, game a umurnin kashe gobara.” A watan Fabrairun 2010, tawagar hukumar ta IFRM, ta kai wa]ansu kayayyakin aiki da horar da jami’ai, a Tsibirin Roatan dake Hondurus. A can, hukumar ta IFRM, ta gano wani matashi, wanda ya sadaukar da kansa, ga aikin kashe gobara, yana amfani da kayayyakin da ba su dace ba, na kare kansa daga }una. Masu aikin kashe gobarar na Roatán sun kuru. “Mun ci sa’ar da mu ka ha]u da wani jami’in dake rarraba kayayyakin kare jikin, wanda yake da kaya, a hannu,” in ji Gruening. “Kayan na da kyau, dole muka cire lambarsu. Dole muka saya, domin a kowace shekara ana kyautata irin wa]annan kayayyakin, a }asar Amirka, kuma kayayyakin ba su kai yadda muke so ba. Mai rarraba kayayyakin bai bari mun saya wa sashen kashe gobara na Amirka ba, amma, ta irin gudunmawar da ya bai wa hukumar ta IFRM, ya kare masu aikin kashe gobarar nan na {asar Honduras.” Hukumar IFRM ta mayar da hankali ne, ga taimaka wa sassan kashe gobarar dake fama da }arancin ku]a]e. amma, bayan mahaukaciyar girgizar }asar nan a {asar Chile, da ta lalata tashoshin kashe gobara, da dama, a watan Fabrairun 2010, tawagar hukumar ta IFRM, ta aike da wani ro}on gaggawa na taimaka wa sassan kashe gobara na {asar Amirka. Sun kuma hanzarta Tarawa da kuma ]auro kayayyakin, don kawo su, a taimaka wajen farfa]o da sassan kashe gobarar na {asar Chile.

Hoton dake dama, na jama’ar Kwarin Yucca ne, dake yankin California, suke nuna godiyarsu ga masu kashe ma su gobara.

Har Da Ma “Kakanni” Daga Jeanne Holden

Bernard Jones, mai jagorancin {ungiyar Kakanni ta yankin Alexandria, dake Virginia, na nuna

wa ]aya daga cikin barwarsa wani abu, a yanar-gizo.

Bernard Jones ne, a tsaye, inda ya jagoranci taron wata, na kakanni da jihohi, a yankin

Alexandria, dake Virginia.

NaVonté ya abka cikin wani tsohon gida dake yankin Alexandria, dake Virginia. [an

uwansa, DeShaun ya kuma hanzarta bin bayansa. Sai kuma ga wa]ansu yara, ba}ar fatar {asar Amirka, sun mara ma su baya. Dukansu, Bernard Jones da sauran mazaje, ba}ar fatar {asar Amirkan, dake cikin gidan, sai suka yi ma su marhabin. Wannan kuma shine taron Asabar ]in farko, ta wata, kuma Jones ne ke kar~ar ba}uncin taron na {ungiyar Kakanni. Abinda za a tantauna kuma, a yau, shine yadda za a tsara gudanar da aiki. Manufar taron {ungiyar Kakannin, wanda Tarayyar Jama’ar Arewacin Virginia ke ]aukar nauyin gudanarwa, ita ce, ta inganta ci gaban yaran ba}ar fatar {asar Amirka, dake shekarunsu suka fara data 9 zuwa 12, wa]anda iyayensu suka bar gida. Tarayyar, wanda aka kafa ta a 1910, na taimakon ba}ar fatar {asar Amirka, na da su samu damar ‘yanci, su kuma dogara da kawunansu. Yaran, ba}a}en fata, wa]anda ke tare da {ungiyar ta Kakanni, ana ha]a su ne da warinsu, maza, ‘yan shekaru kamar 50 ko fiye da haka, don }ulla dan}on zumunci, tsakaninsu, bisa ga amana.

Kakannin kan bayyana wa yaran irin yadda suka ga rayuwa, da ilmi da kaddarori da }wazon da za su, na kyautata rayuwar yaran ba}ar fatar {asar ta Amirka. Tun da aka fara wannan shirin, a 1998, kakannin ke kiwon tarbiyyar yara 150, dake Arewacin Virginia. Bugu da }ari, shirin ya taimaki yaran dake sauran yankunan {asar Amirka. A cewar wata }ididdigar {asar Amirka, ta 2010, kashi 35 cikin 100 ne, kacal, na yara ba}ar fatar {asar Amirka, ke zaune da mahaifansu, biyu, idan aka kamanta shi da kashi 78, cikin 100, na yaran fararen fata, da wa]anda ba Hispanawa ba. Wani binciken tarayya ya nuna cewa, yaran da ba su da mahaifi, sun kusa ru~anya yawan yaran dake barin makarantu, ba su }are karatu ba, da wa]anda ke fa]awa cikin wani ha]ari na aika laifuka ko shaye-shaye, na yaran dake zaune da iyayensu, biyu. Manufar {ungiyar Kakannin ita ce, ta taimaka wa yaran da suka girma ba a hannun iyayensu maza ba, don gudun wani mugun al’amari. “Yana da kyau, yaron ba}ar fatar {asar Amirka, ya sadu da }wararrun ba}ar fatar Amirka, da ba ‘yan uwansa ba, kuma su kasance balagaggun ‘yan }asa, masu nagarta,” in ji Veronica Dean, NaVonté kuma mahaifiyar DeShaun. “[ana bai cika mu’amala da balagaggun mazaje ba, kuma duk wa]anda zai yi wata hul]a da su, ba ba}ar fatar {asar ta Amirka ba ne.” Veronica ta ce, shirye-shiryen gidajen telebijin, sun gur~ata tunanin ]anta, inda ake nuna cewa, duk su ‘yan rariya ne ko mutanen da ke hul]a da miyagun }wayoyi, ko aikata laifuka. Ma’auratan na yankin Alexandria, dake Virginia, watau James da Laverne Chatman ne suka }ir}iro da wannan {ungiyar ta Kakanni, a cikin 1998. James, wanda yanzu ya mutu, ya gane bukatar yaran ita ce, su tashi da iyayensu maza, domin irin yadda ya tashi, a gidan da bai san mahaifinsa ba. Amma, kawunsa ya taimaka ma sa sanin komai, da mahaifinsa zai koyar da shi: ya-Allah yadda ake kamun kifi ne, da kuma yadda za a zama mutum nagari. James, wanda ya samu galabar harkokin kasuwanci, ya so sauran yaran da ba su da mahaifansa, maza ba, da su ci gajiyar ‘yan baya. Tony Martin, ]an shekaru 52, shine wanda ya ri}e shi, har shekaru biyu, a yankin Alexandria. Tare aka ri}e su da Ronald Clark, ]an shekaru 12. “Mutum ne,” in ji Tony. “Na zanta da shi, yadda ya kamata. Mun yi maganganu game da wasanni da karatu. Na kuma fa]a ma sa komai, game da yun}urin samun ‘yanci.” Tony ya ce Ronald, na jin sa, kuma yana bin shawarwarin da ya ba shi. Shi kuma a ~angarensa, Ronald, ya bayyana cewa, {ungiyar Kakannin tana da kyau, matu}a. Mahaifiyar Ronald ta ce yana }aunarta. Wani lokacin, Tony kan ziyarci Ronald a wata cibiyar wasanni, yana kuma halartar, da dama, daga cikin wasannin }wallon kwandon da Ronald ke bugawa. “Ina son in koyar da Ronald yadda zai ]auki ilmi da muhimmanci, ya bu]e zuciyar da idan aka komo ta hanyar ilmi, to, a ga karimcinsa,” in ji Tony. “Idan har yana da wata tambaya, ina son da kada ya yi wata-wata, ya tambaya. Ina son in zanta da shi, game da komai.”

Mai ri}o na kuma iya taimaka wa wanda bai da uba, daga fama da wata matsalar rayuwa. [aya daga cikin kakannin, na farko, Melvin Miller, ya lura cewa, yaran da ba su da }o}ari a makaranta, kan fusata, don ba su da iyaye, maza, gidajensu, don kuma ba su da gata, ko da wuya mahaifiyarsu ta zauna a gida. {ungiyar Kakannin, ta ha]a Melvin da wani yaron da ya fara sakaci a makaranta. Mahaifiyarsa ma’aikaciyar aikin jinya ce, kuma tana da]ewa a wajen aiki. “Don haka, ni kan je kusa da gidnsu, da yamma, don yin magana da shi,” in ji Melvin. “Kamar ya kan fusata idan yana magana da ni.” Melvin ya yi alfaharin bayar da rahoton cewa, yaron yana }o}ari, a makaranta, kuma har ya shiga wata gagarumar jami’ar jiha. Wannan shirin na Kakanni yana “canja rayuwa” ]aukacin yara da masu koya ma su tarbiyya, in ji Laverne Chatman. “Mun gano cewa, masu tarbiyyar suna }ara samun dabarun koyar da jikokinsu, kuma suna da }oshin lafiya gwargwado, domin suna shafar rayuwar wa]ansu, kuma suna kasancewa tare da junsu.” Ana sa ran Kakannin za su share, a}alla, watanni hu]u suna koya da tarbiyya ga yaran. A}alla, saduwar da za su yi, sau biyu, ta kasance sun ga juna. “Saduwar tana da amfani,” in ji Clyde Bassingale, wanda shi ma kaka ne, mai tarbiyantarwa. “Ido hu]u ya koyar da yaran irin yadda ake hul]a da mutane.” Bassingale ya ce, shi da wani abokinsa matashi, sun je wajen watsan bowling, sun kuma ci wainar pizza, a wani zaure, sun kuma ziyarci Wurin Ajiyar Kayayyakin Tahiri na {asa. A ranar Asabar ]in ta farkon wata, {ungiyar Kakannin kan taru, don gudanar da harkokin rundunar ta koyar da tarbiyya. A wannan ranar ce ta Asabar, wani kwamitin }wararrun ba}ar fatar Amirka, su shida, ke fa]ar irin abubuwan rayuwar da suka gani, lokacin da suke bisa aikinsu. Kowane ]an kwamitin na jaddada muhimmancin bayar da }o}ari, a makaranta. [aya daga cikinsu, wanda likitan ha}ora ne, ya nuna cewa, babu wanda zai ce zai samu nasara, a kodayaushe, kuma mafi muhimmanci shine a ci gaba da }o}artawa. Wani kuma ]an kwamitin, ya fa]a wa yaran cewa, “Ku duba zagayenku. Dukanmu nan, wa]anda ke koyar da ku tarbiyyar, da wa]anda ke cikin wannan kwamitin, mun hallara ne, don nuna ma ku cewa, akwai }wararrun ba}ar fatar {asar Amirka, da suka damu da ku, da kuma irin nasarorin da za ku samu.” Jeanne Holden mai sayar da labaru ce a Arewacin Virginia, kuma mawallafiyar Manhajojin Harkokin Kasuwanci.

“Ina son in koyar da Ronald yadda zai ]auki ilmi da muhimmanci, ya bu]e zuciyar da idan aka komo ta hanyar ilmi, ko, a ga karimcinsa,” in ji Tony Martins, da yake jawabi game da jikansa, ]an shekaru 12, Ronald Clark.

Malcolm Murray ne, wani likitan ha}ora, yake zantawa da wani yaron da ya tashi ba a hannun

mahaifinsa ba.

{awancen Harkokin Lafiya:

Sauraren Jama’a Na Gina Al’umma

Daga Lisa Armstrong Dokta Paul Farmer, wani takwaran {awancen Kiwon Lafiya, na sauraren bugawar zuciyar wani yaron da ya jikkata, a girgizar }asar Haiti, a 2010.

Masu ayyukan sa-kan shirin PIH, na }asashen Amirka da Haiti, na aiki da juna, wajen bayar da

magunguna ga wa]anda girgizar }asa ta jikkata, a 2010.

Ma’aikacin aikin jinya, Ed Arndt, daga yankin Boston, wanda yake taimaka wa wani wani

yaron da girgizar }asar ta Haiti, ta jikkata.

A cikin ‘yan awowi ka]an, bayan da aka yi girgizar }asar Haiti, a ranar 12 ga watan

Janairun 2010, jami’an {awancen Harkokin Kiwon Lafiya, (PIH), suka fara hallara a Birnin Port au Prince, domin agaza wa jama’ar da suka samu raunuka, daga rushewar gine-gine. Da farko }ungiyar Likitocin {asar Haiti da ma’aikatanta daga garuruwan }asar, ciki har da na Cange, inda Shirin na {awancen Kiwon Lafiya, da ake kira Zanmi Lasante, a cikin harshen Creole, suka hallara, a babban ofishinta. A cikin watanni shida, na farko, bayan girgizar }asar, masu aikin sa-kai, na {ungiyar ta PIH, su 733, daga jihohi 26, na {asar Amirka, da wa]ansu }asashe shida, ke aiki a }asar ta Haiti. Sun yi ]orin karaya da kar~ar haihuwa da bayar da magungunan ciwon huka da na malaria da sauran cututtuka. A cikin tantuna da asibitocin wucin-gadi, likitocin }as ashen Haiti da Amirka, da ma’aikatan aikin jinya, sun yi ta aiki tare. {ungiyar ta PIH ta wadata harkokin kiwon lafiya a }asar ta Haiti, na tsawon fiye da shekaru 20, da farko a yankunan karkarar }asar. A yau, akwai ma’aikatan dake aiki, a sansanonin da ‘yan gudun hijira fiye da miliyan ]aya ke zaune, a }asar ta Haiti. A cikin wa]annan korayen tantunan, ko a ranar Allah-ta’ala, suke yin allura, ko awon masu juna biyu, da dai bayar da sauran magunguna. “A wani loton mun kai muna duba marasa lafiya tsakanin dubu biyar zuwa dubu bakwai, a mako guda, kuma mun kula da fiye da mutane dubu 100, a sansanin,” in ji Donna Barry, ta {ungiyar ta PIH. “Manufarmu ba ta mayar da yankin ya zama kamar }asar ‘Amirka’ ba ne, amma mu tsara yanayin yadda za a bayar da agajin gaggawa,” in ji wani jami’in aikin jinya, dake aiki a asibitocin in ji wani jami’in aikin jinya, dake aiki a asibitocin Brigham da Asibitin Mata dake Birnin Boston, Ed Arndt, a wani rahoton }ungiyar ta PIH, da ya rubuta, a yanar-gizo game da irin abubuwan da ya gani. “Duk mun hallara ne, don kula da jama’a da kuma nuna tausayi ga marasa lafiya.” Ha]in Kai: Mabu]in Nasara Manufar ha]in kai ne ya kafa }ungiyar {awancen Kiwon Lafiya, daga sauran }ungiyoyin agaji. {o}arinsu ya kuma samu nasara, domin suna mutuntawa da kuma sauraren abinda jama’a ke rashi, maimakon su fa]a masu abubuwan da suke bukata. “Abu ]aya tabbatacce, koda kuwa a cikin shekarun 1980, shine, }asar Haiti tamkar ma}abarta ce ga duk wani aikin ci gaban jama’a, inda }asashe suka ta kai shirye-shirye,” in ji Dokta Paul Farmer, wanda na ]aya daga cikin wa]anda suka }ir}iro Shirin Zanmi Lasante, tare da shugabannin jama’ar }asar ta Haiti da kuma {ungiyar Ophelia Dahl, ta {asar Ingila, a 1983. Farmer da Dahl suka kafa {ungiyar {awancen Kiwon Lafiyar, a 1987. “Don haka, a gaskiya, }ungiyar ta PIH, ta faro ne, a matsayin }ungiyar ha]in kai, ga jama’ar Zanmi Lasante, wadda }asar Haiti za ta gudanar, ta kuma ]auki jama’ar }asar Haiti aiki,” in ji Farmer. Bisa kuma da wannan, }ungiyar ta PIH, tare da ha]in gwiwar }ungiyoyi da ma’aikatun

kiwon lafiya na }asashe, goma sha ]aya, irin su Lesotho da Amirka da Jumhuriyar Dominican da Kazakhstan da Guatemala da Burundi da Rasha da Mexico da Rwanda da Peru da kuma Malawi, za su yi aiki tare. Farmer ya fara zuwa Tsakiyar Falalen {asar Haiti ne, a lokacin bazarar 1983, kafin ya fara share shekara ]aya, a Makarantar Koyar da Aikin Likita, ta Harvard. A kuma garin Mirebalais, ya yi aikin sa-kai, a wata }aramar asibitin da wani limamin ]ari}ar Episcopal, Reverend Fritz Lafontant ke gudanarwa. Nan ne Farmer ya sadu da Dahl. Lokacin Dahl tana ‘yar shekaru 18, kuma ba ta ma yanke shawarar abinda za ta yi ba, a rayuwa, don haka sai iyayenta suka shawarce ta, da ta tafi aikin sa-kai, a {asar Haiti. “Ban ta~a zuwa wata }asa mai tasowa ba,” in ji Dahl. “Na tashi ne, a ha~en Birnin London, kuma na je }asashen Turai da Amirka, kuma ina da iyaye masu }auna ta, amma, ban ta~a ganin abinda ake kira talauci ba. Al’amarin akwai mamaki, kuma wannan shine ya fara taimaka min. Babu yadda za ka kauce wa irin wannan talaucin; domin abin ya wuce tunani.” Dahl da Farmer sun yi tattaki zuwa garin Cange, wani gungun talakawan da ba su ma da filayen da za a yi gine-gine, bayan da ginin madatsar ruwa ke malale gidajensu da gonakinsu. Gaskiya talauci na haddabar mutanen, kuma babu wani shirin kula da lafiyarsu. Dahl da Farmer sun bukaci su taimaka. Lokacin da Dahl ta dawo {asar Ingila, sai ta fara tattara gudunmawa. Abinda ta fara samu shine fam ta }asar Ingila, har 500, daga wani babban kanti, inda ta samu wani jami’i, a wajen liyafa. Sai ta sayi sikelin auna nauyin jarirai. A halin yanzu, Farmer na tunanin gudanar da aikin da zai wadata babban aikin kiwon lafiya. “Wannan wani tunani ne, na tsawon lokaci. Da mun fara ne da wani }aramin al’amari, mu kuma ha]a gwiwa da Father Lafontant,” in ji Dahl. Saurare Na Gina Asibiti Dahl da Farmer, sun yi da~ar sayyada, a garin na Cange, suna tambayar jama’a game da abinda suka fi so. “Mu kan tsaya a wata mummunar bukka, sai ka ga wani yaro yana neman iyayensa, wa]anda ke can cikin }urar wata ‘yar gayauna, suna }o}arin shuka masara,” in ji Dahl. Kusan dai duk al’amarin ]aya ne: asibiti suke bukata. Wannan kuma shine musababbin ha]in gwiwar da jama’ar da ya samar da sunan }awancen kiwon lafiya na Zanmi Lasante/Partners In Health. Dahl da Farmer sun ha]a wata }ungiya, wadda a }arshe ta ha]o da abokan zaman Farmer a koleji, irin su Todd McCormack; wani ]alibi a Makarantar Koyon Aikin Likita ta Harvard da Jim Yong Kim; da kuma wani ]an kasuwa dake Birnin Boston, watau Tom White, wanda ya bayar da miliyoyin dalolin Amirka, don gina wurin shan maganin farko, na }ungiyar ta PIH, a garin na Cange.

“Mun fara }ungiyar ta PIH ne, a wani ]an kwatashi,” in ji Farmer. “A nan ne na sadu da wa]ansu mutanen da suka yi aiki da ni, ya zuwa wannan ranar. Kuma wannan shine wani ~angaren da ya sa }ungiyar ta PIH ta kasance abin mamaki. Har yanzu kuma muna aiki tare.” Manufar }ungiyar ta PIH, yana da gaskiya, }ungiyar ce ke bayar da kayayyakin abinci, da koyarwa da kuma wa]ansu harkoki na rayuwa, bisa ga kayayyakin kiwon lafiya. “Da mun wadata duniya da dukan maganin da take bukata, amma, idan suka tunkari gidan da ko rufi ba shi da shi, ko kuma ruwan sha ko abinci, to mutuwa za su yi,” in ji Dahl. A yau, yaran da }ungiyar ta PIH ta yi wa allurar rigakafi, shekaru 20, da suka wuce, duk sun balaga. Ba kamar iyayensu ba, sun samu ilmi da isasshen abinci mai gina jiki da kuma kiwon lafiya. Ko bayan girgizar }asar ta 2010, }ungiyar ta PIH ta yi aikin bayar da harkokin agajin kiwon lafiya. “Mun kuma }ara yawan albakatun gonar da muke nomawa,” in ji Barry. “Muna da gona kusa da garin Cange, kuma a nan mu ke shuka tsaba, don sanin abinci zai yi wuya, lokacin da ‘yan gudun hijira suka koma Tsakiyar Falalen.” Aiki da {ungiyar Zanmi Agrikol ( sunan aikin gonar }awancen da harshen Creole, na }asar Haiti), }ungiyar ta PIH ta }ara yawan abinda take nomawa, na irin Nourimanba, wata gya]ar da jama’a ke ci, don warkar da ciwon tamowa, mun kuma wadata manoma fiye da dubu da kayayyakin noma. A yau, ma’aikata da masu aikin sa-kai na }ungiyar ta PIH, na ganin aikin ya yi kama da irin wanda Dahl da Farmer suka tsara, a asibitin farko, dake garin Cange. “Zuwan da muka yi zuwa }asar Haiti, ba }aramar wahala ba ce, kuma ta ma fi }amari, a da,” in ji Dahl. “Amma, sai muka fi mayar da hankali ga }ananan yankuna, inda za mu iya taimakawa, maimakon mu ce, ‘zan magance talauci’ ko ‘in sake shuka itatuwa a }asar Haiti.’ Abin ya shafi yin aiki na dogon lokaci, dake da fa’ida, da }ulla }awance da goyon baya, ta yin aiki tare, komai da]i da rashinsa.” Lisa Armstrong mai sayar da labaru ce, dake ]auko wa Cibiyar Bayar da Rahotannin Abkuwar Bala’i, ta Pulitzer rahotannin abinda ya biyo bayan girgizar }asar Haiti.

Wannan kuma shine musababbin ha]in gwiwar da jama’ar da ya samar da sunan }awancen kiwon lafiya na Zanmi Lasante/Partners In Health

Ophelia Dahl ce, ]aya daga cikin wa]anda suka kafa {awance Kiwon Lafiya, take sauraren wata matar da girgizar }asar ta }asar Haiti, a 2010, ta yi wa illa. Sauraren jama’ar yanki shine

mabu]in nasarar {awancen Kiwon Lafiyar.

Hoto na hannun dama: matan }asar Haiti ne, ke rege gya]a, don yin kunun nourimanba, wani

abincin dake da muhimmanci a jiki. {ungiyar PIH ta taimaka wa manoman na }asar Haiti, }addamar da noman }wayar ta nourimanba.

Samar Da Matsugunni A Seattle

Daga Charlotte West

Mutanen da suka guje wa tashin hankali a }asarsu ta haihuwa, kan sake bu]e sabuwar rayuwa a garin Seattle, tare da taimakon masu ayyukan sa-kai daga Kwamitin Kula da ‘Yan Gudun Hijira na Duniya.

Jared Meyers ne, na biyu, a gefen hagu, da kuma Reyna Swift, a dama, da suka ziyarci iyalan Liana, don taimaka wa sababbin zuwa daga {asar Burma, wajen daidaita rayuwarsu, a garin

Seattle.

Mata shida suka zauna, a kan tebur da ‘yan takardunsu da kuma wa]ansu tambayoyin

wasa }wa}walwa, dake cikin wata taswirar {asar Amirka. Sai kuma wata wata jami’ar aikin sa-kai ta Kwamitin Ceton Rayuka, ta Duniya, (IRC), Jennica Prescott, dake zagaya ]akin, tana tambayar idan za su iya gano Birnin Washington, a kan taswirar. Sai suka kece da dariya, lokacin da da suka yi ta }o}arin sanya jihar Utah, a Ga~ar Gabashin taswirar. Kwamitin na IRC, ya sha taimaka wa matan da iyalansu, daga yankin Bhutan, na ganin sun sake samun matsugunni, a ga~a tekun Pacific dake Arewa maso yammaci. “Abin mamaki ne, idan ka ji irin yadda suka zo wurin. Manufar }ungiyar, ita ce su taimaka wa ‘yan gudun hijirar, wajen samun isasshen abinda ya kamata,” in ji Prescott. Kwamitin na IRC, wanda aka kafa cikin 1933, yansu yana gudanar da ayyukansa a biranen {asar Amirka har 22, da samar wa ‘yan gudun hijira matsugunni, kuma yana da rassa a fiye da }asashe 40, kamar su Sudan da Ethiopia da Iraq da Afghanistan da Pakistan da kuma Burma,

inda suke bayar wadata ayyukan agaji, da ilmantarwa da kuma harkokin kiwon lafiya. A 2010, }ungiyar ta taimaka, wajen sake wa ‘yan gudun hijira dubu tara da 600, wuraren zama, a {asar Amirka, kuma sun wadata ‘yan gudun hijirar har dubu 24 da 500, da wa]ansu ayyuka, da samar ma su mafakar siyasa da saukar da wa]anda aka sato, don bautar su, daga }asashen waje. Ofishin kwamitin na IRC dake garin Seattle, ya yi ta taimaka wa ‘yan gudun hijira fiye da dubu 18, daga }asashe fiye da 30, dake cikin Tekun Puget Sound, tun cikin 1976. Mafi yawan wa]anda suke taimakawa, sun fito ne daga }asashen Bhutan da Burma, sai kuma wa]ansu ‘yan }ananan }ungiyoyin daga }asashen Somalia da Eritrea da kuma Iraq. Mafi yawan ayyukan kwamitin na IRC, dake garin Seattle, jami’an aikin sa-kai ne, har kusan 200 ke gudanar da su, kazalika da yi wa ‘yan gudun hijirar ayyuka, kai-tsaye. Jami’an aikin sa-kan kan tallafa wa ‘yan gudun hijirar, ta hannun shirin {awance da Iyali. Jami’an aikin sa-kan, kan ha]a hannu da iyalan, domin su sadu da su kowane mako, don taimaka ma su daidaita rayuwa. Suna koyar da iyalan, yadda ake amfani da abubuwan hawa, na haya, da taimaka ma su, magana da harshen Turanci. Sauran na koyar da irin yadda ake samun aiki ko taimaka wa jama’a yin hulda da makarantu. Jami’an kwamitin na IRC, sun }unshi masu shekarun ]aliban koleji da wa]anda suka kammala karatun digiri, ko wa]anda ke kan gautsar }warewa ko kuma suka yi ritaya. Dukansu sha’awa ce ke taimaka ma su, don tallafa wa al’umma. “Ina ta neman yadda zan tsoma kaina cikin wannan harkar, tun lokacin da na koma garin na Seattle. A gaskiyar, ina son yin aiki, da ‘yan tsirarun }ungiyoyin, musamman wa]anda suke sababbin zuwa, a {asar amirka, domin ina kewar shirin musayar al’adun da na yi, lokacin da na ke aikin Yi wa {asa Hidima, da kuma lokacin da na ke tafiye-tafiye, a duniya,” in ji Tilden Keller, wata tsohuwar ‘yar yi wa }asa hidima, a }asashen Haiti da Jumhuriyar Dominican. Keller na kula da wa]ansu iyalai biyu, ]aya daga {asar Burma, ]ayan kuma daga {asar Eritrea. Iyalan na Meh, wanda wani ~angare ne, na kabilar Karenni dake {asar Burma, su bakwai ne, wa]anda suka zo garin na Seattle, kamar shekara ]aya da rabi da suka wuce. Da manoma ne, a }asarsu, kafin suka share shekaru 10, a sansanin ‘yan gudun hijira dake {asar Thailand. Keller ta ce dangantakarta da iyalan na Mehs, ta fara ne, tun lokacin da ta fara aiki da su. A farko, ta taimake su, da al’amurra, na ha}i}a, irin su sanya wutar lantarki a muhallinsu, da kuma bu]e ma su wurin ajiyar ku]a]e, a banki. Yanzu tana share tsawon lokaci tana “jerangiya” da su. A wani lokacin da ta ziyarce su, ta zauna a falonsu, ta kuma yi wani wasan da ya yi kama da caca. Keller na da zurfin tunanin da har suke zuwa wurin ajiyar dabbobi dake gandun Woodland Park, tare da iyalan na Mehs. “Lokacin kuma da muka kai ‘{auyen na Jama’ar Thai,’ mun same su cikin farin ciki. Yaran na ta guje-guje, a gidan, sun kuma fa]a min game da irin yadda suke

}aunar gidan. Ina tsammani wannan shine karo na farko, da har suka san cewa a raye suke, tun lokacin da suka zo {asar Amirka,” in ji ta. Reyna Swift da Jared Meyers, ma’aurata ne, da suka fara aiki da Lianas, wa]ansu iyalan, su shida, na }asar Burma, a cikin watan Satumbar 2010. Swift da Meyers suna neman abinda za su yi, tare, da zai yi muhimmanci a rayuwar saura. Meyers da Swift kan ziyarci iyalan, sau ]aya ko sau biyu, a kowane mako, a wani lokacin ma, sukan ]auke su yawon bu]e ido, zuwa shaguna, da wurin ajiyar dabbobi, ko cikin garin na Seattle. Wata ziyarar, na iya kasancewa don taimaka wa iyalan, na da su yi magana da harshen Turanci, da tantauna irin wahalolin da suke sha kullum, ko kuma don yin wasanni. “Na tuna lokacin da na fara saduwa da wa]annan iyalan. Mun sayo kartar wasan UNO. Bayan da muka fara wasan, sai Jared da ni, muka lura cewa, mun bai wa kowane gida dokoki dabam daban. Bayan da muka yi wasanni, da dama, sai duk wani }uncin da muke da shi, ya fara yayewa,” in ji Swift. Iyalan na Liana, wakilai ne na }ungiyar Chin, wa]ansu ‘yan tsirarun mabiya addinin Kirista dake {asar Burma. A garin na Seattle kuma, suna halartar mujami’ar {asar Burma ne, wadda, kwanan nan ta yi shagalin Tunawa da Ranar ‘Yancin {ungiyar ta Chin, kuma Swift da Meyers suna tare da su, a ranar. “Sun fuskanci gagarumar }alubala, wajen daidaita rayuwarsu, a {asar Amirka, amma har yanzu, ba su damu ba, kuma suna da }arfinsu, na iyalai. A kowane lokacin da na ziyarce su, ni kan yi alfahari da irin yadda iyalan ke aiki, tare,” in ji Meyers.

Wannan uwar, wanda ta guje wa tashin hankali, a {asar Burma, tare da ]anta, tana tunanin

samun }arin kwanciyar hankali, a garin na Seattle.

Jami’an aikin sa-kan kan ha]a kai da iyalan, don taimaka ma su daidai rayuwa. Suna koyar da iyalan yadda ake amfani da abubuwan hawa, na haya, da taimaka ma su yin magana da harshen Turanci. Sura na

koyar da irin yadda za a samu aiki ko taimaka wa }ananan zaman makaranta. Aikin sa-kai da Kwamitin IRC, ya taimaka wa Alyssa Loos, wata ]aliba dake Jami’ar Birnin Washington, wajen sanin abinda ya fi ma ta fifiko. Tana koyar da Harshen Turanci ne, mai zurfi, a matsayin harshen a biyu, sau ]aya, a mako, a hedkwatar Kwamitin na IRC dake ha~en garin na Seattle. “Wannan aikin na sa-kai, ya san a tabbatar da cewa, ina da bukatar zama malama,” in ji ta. A wata safiya, tana koyar da ajin aiki ne, na ma’aikata biyu, daga {asar Iraq. “Babban abinda ke da wahala shine dafa abinci ko wankin kwanoni ko goge tagogi,” in ji ta. Loos na nuna }warewarta, ta nazarin harshen Larabci, a wajen koyarwa. Alal misali, yin amfani da kalmomi kamar “Insha’Allah” da rubuta sunanta a kan wani farin allo, a cikin harshen Larabci, wani gagarumin abin mamaki ne ga dalibanta. “Ni kan zama daban, idan na nuna cewa ina koyon harshen,” in ji ta. “Suna godiya, kuma suna aiki tu}uru.” Charlotte West mai sayar da labaru ce, dake zaune a garin na Seattle, kuma tana nazarin zama farfesa ce, a fannin tarihi, a Jami’ar Seattle.

Ba Don Riba Ba: Ma’aikatan IBM Ke Aikin Sa-kai

Daga Kathryn McConnell Ma’aikatan Aikin Sa-Kai na Kamfanin IBM, na gabatar da sababbin dabarun fasahar da sake fasalin makomar {asar Indonesia.

Fasahar na’urar mai }wa}walwar da Kamfanin IBM ke koyarwa, ta inganta kawo samun

galabar harkokin kiwon lafiyar a Nijeriya. A nan, wa]ansu ]alibai ne, ke sauraron wata jami’ar koyar da harkokin kiwon lafiya ne, a wani taron }ara wa juna ilmi, a Jihar Cross River ta

Nijeriya, idan banda }aramin yaron dake zaune a bayansu.

Aiki a kamfani, ya wuce taimaka wa kamfanin samun riba. Wannan bayar da gudunmawa

ne ga al’umma. Shi ya sa, a 2008, katafaren kamfanin na’urar nan mai }wa}walwa, watau International Business Machines Corp. (IBM), ya fara gudanar da aikin Sashen Hidima na Kamfanin, inda ya danganta ma’aikatansa da }ungiyoyin gwamnatoci da masu zaman kansu, a }asashe masu tasowa. Wannan kuma wani sabon salo ne, na aikin sa-kai, na duniya, a wannan zamanin. Kamfanin na IBM, wanda ke yankin Armonk, na Birnin New York, yana kashe dolar Amirka miliyan 60, a kowace shekara kan ayyukan hidimar. “Wannan kuma na faruwa ne, a gautsar lokacin da harkokin fasaha da bun}asar tattalin arziki da samar da ayyuka,” in ji Stanley Litow, mataimakin shugaban sashen ayyukan hidimar na kamfanin na IBM. Tun da aka fara wannan shirin, kamfanin na IBM, ya aike da ma’aikatansa, kusan dubu ]aya da 400, don gudanar da ayyuka a }asashen 50 dake Afrika da Asia da Kudancin Amirka. Litow ya ce, wannan ya zarce dukan abinda wani kamfani ke yi, wajen inganta ayyuka a }asashe masu tasowa na duniya. Wannan Aikin Hidimar, ya sa kamfanin na IBM, ya gano da kuma horar da }wararrun shugabanni, zamani mai zuwa, yayinda yake taimaka wa }asashe masu tasowa, wajen magance matsalolinsu, in ji Litow. “Wannan shine abin koyin da sauran kamfanoni za su ci gaba da kwaikwaya.” Shirin ya ru~anya, gida uku, duk wani amfanin da ake samu, in ji Litow: kamar su taimakon harkokin fasaha ga al’ummar da ake yi wa hidimar, da kuma damar da ma’aikata za su koyi harkokin shugabanci da dabaru, kazalika da samun kutsa kai ga sababbin harkokin kasuwanci. Rundunoni, wa]anda suka }unshi ma’aikata shida zuwa 12, dake da }warewa a harkokin fasaha da kimiyya da kasuwanci da hulda da ku]a]e ko bun}asa harkokin saye da sayarwa, na matu}ar ingantuwa, a wurare irin Jihar Cross River, dake Nijeriya, da Chiang Mai da Thailand; da kuma Johannesburg, har na tsawon wata guda, yayinda ake gano mafita ga }alubalar da ake fuskanta. “Suna kuma wadata wa]annan dabarun, don samar da bambanci,” in ji Litow.

Wannan lafiyayyar yarinyar ce ta haifar da fara’ar dake fuskar mahaifiyarta. Ma’aikatan aikin

sa-kai na kamfanin IBM, dake Nijeriya, sun gwammace za~ar harkokin kiwon lafiya, don zama wani fannin da za su gudanar da ayyukansu.

Su kan yi watanni biyu da rabi, suna shiryawa, kafin su bar gida, inda za su sadu da takwarorinsu, ta wayar tarho, ko ta wasi}ar yanar-gizo, ko gwa-da-gwa. Suna samun bayanai game da manufofin ayyukan da kuma al’adun }asar da za su ba}unta. An tambayi rundunar dake birnin Johannesburg, da ta bayar da shawarar hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da su, ta fannin fasahar watsa labaru, don inganta tsaron harkokin kyautata jin da]in rayuwar birnin. “Harkokin tsaro na da ala}a da ingancin tattalin arziki da rayuwa,” in ji Litow. “Aikin na bukatar mutanen dake da }warewa kan harkokin tsaro, da inganta linzamin na’ura mai }wa}walwa, da harkokin saye da sayarwa da na gwamnati da dokoki da kuma ku]a]e.” Ron Dombroski, wani babban jami’in harkokin kasuwancin kamfanin na IBM, ya tafi birnin na Johannesburg, daga cikin wani ~angare na rundunar wakilai shida, wadda ta ha]a da takwarorinsa daga }asashen India da Brazil da kuma Amirka. Ya ce, rundunar, ta shirya wani aikin shekaru biyar, wanda ke bukatar kakkafa na’urorin ]aukar hotuna, da za su bayyana laifuka da ayyukan ma’aikatan kai ]auki, da yin amfani da tashoshin wucin-gadi, irin na wayoyin tarho, don ganin taswirar inda ke da injunan kashe gobara da na’urar kunna su, don taimaka wa ma’aikatan kashe gobara kai ]aukin duk kiran da aka yi ma su. Farkon Dangantaka Wata rundunar ta kamfanin na IBM, ta tafi Nijeriya, ta kuma yi aiki kan harkokin kiwon lafiyar mata masu juna biyu da }ananan yaran dake cikin }auyukan dake lungunan Jihar Cross River. Rundunar ta kamfanin na IBM, ta ha]e dukan wuraren shan magunguna, a wuri guda, ta hanyar yin amfani da na’ura mai }wa}walwa, da duk wata na’urar dake karanta zanen yatsu, don tabbatar da tarihin harkokin bayar da kiwon lafiyar ga dukan mace da yaro, daidai da yadda aka tabbatar da su. Wannan ne zai bai wa likitoci hanzarta sanin irin bayanan da ake bukata, na yanke sharwarin da suka kamata. (A yin amfani da na’urar mai }wa}walwa, }ungiya na iya hayar wa]ansu na’urori daga ]aukacin dandalin, ya kuma kwashi abinda yake bukata, ya zuwa wata cibiya.) Tare da taimakon kamfanin na IBM, ayyukan kiwon lafiyar na Jihar Cross River, sun fa]a]a ya zuwa jama’a da dama, inda ake wadata mutane daga dubu ]aya, zuwa dubu biyu, a cikin gajeren lokacin, in ji Litow. A Birnin Jakarta, sashen ayyukan hidimar, na taimakawa ga inganta harkokin sufurin birnin. A Chiang Mai kuma, rundunar ta kamfanin IBM, na amfani da fasahar bayanan dake taimaka wa birin, wajen fa]a]a cibiyoyin harkokin kiwon lafiya. A birnin Cebu, na }asar Philippines kuwa, wakilah aikin hidimar na taimaka wa jami’a, wajen inganta yin amfani da tsarin mallakar filaye. Manufar aikin sashen hidimar sa-kan, ita ce, a janyo hankulan kamfanoni irin su Dow Corning da PepsiCo da Novartis da kuma John Deere, wa]anda ke neman kwaikwayar abin koyin na kamfanin na IBM, in ji Litow. Har ila yau, kamfanin na IBM, tare da Hukumar Bun}asa Ci Gaban {asashen Duniya, (USAID) da sashen warware matsaloli na hukumar CDC, wani

kamfanin dake bayar da shawarwarin bu]e shafukan yanar-gizon harkokin sa-kai, na duniya, inda kamfanoni ke iya musayar bayanai game da ayyuka. “Idan harkokin kasuwanci suka sa yi musayar }warewarsu da ilminsu, da gwamnatoci da kuma mutanen }asashe masu tasowa, na duniya, to, za mu amfana,” in ji Litow. Kathryn McConnell mawallafiya ce, a Shirin Harkokin Watsa Labarun {asashen Duniya, na {asar Amirka.

Sha’awar musayar ilmi da ba}in dake wurare masu nisa, ke janyo hankulan masu gudanar da

ayyukan sa-kai na {asar Amirka. Tsofaffin ma’aikatan {asar Amirka, da dama, na gudanar da harkokin sa-kai, a matsayin malamai ko masu bayar da shawarwari ga yaran makarantu.

{arin Bayanai Game da Aikin Sa-kai Websites

America’s Promise: The Alliance for Youth http://www.americaspromise.org

Corporation for National and Community Service http://www.nationalservice.gov

Habitat for Humanity International http://www.habitat.org

International Rescue Committee http://www.rescue.org

National Volunteer Fire Council http://www.nvfc.org

The UNV Online Volunteering Service

http://www.onlinevolunteering.org/en/index.html Videos Volunteer Vacations: Rebuilding New Orleans http://www.youtube.com/americagov#p/search/2/o7rX-VzeOEM Ga jama’ar {asar Amirka, hutuwa ba ita ce gata ba, tana iya zama lokacin da za a taimakawa wa]ansu. Kuma Amirkawa, da dama, na ganin wata ]awainiya ce ta musamman, a taimaka wa jama’ar New Orleans, wa]anda mahaukaciyar guguwar Katrina, ta abka wa, a 2008. Youth Volunteers http://www.youtube.com/americagov#p/search/0/2LNcp0PyFpo [alibai da malamai kan yi batun martaba da kuma Sakandaren West Springfield, dake Arewacin Virginia. Bikes for the World http://www.youtube.com/americagov#p/search/2/g91-rEtYUBU keke na iya bayar da damar da a za a tafi aiki, ko makaranta, don gudanar da harka. {ungiyar Masu Aikin Agaji da Kekuna ta Duniya, ta {asar Amirka, na tara kekuna ta kais u zuwa }asashe masu tasowa, inda suke da muhimmancin gaske ga rayuwar jama’a. Playing Midnight Basketball http://www.youtube.com/americagov#p/search/3/FAO89Gis6nw wani shirin cikin-gida na garin Richmond, dake Virginia, na koyar da sain martabar aiki tu}uru da kuma bayar da goyon bayan }urun bai wa matasa damar samar da makomarsu. Walking to End Hunger http://www.youtube.com/americagov#p/search/1/N8O0T5w-4js Tattakin Ya}ar Yunwa, da ake yi, a kowace shekara a garin Hartford, ya fi kowace gidauniya tara ku]a]e da ya}ar yunwa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki, a jihar ta Connecticut. Kowace shekara }ungiyoyin addini da wa]anda ba na addini ba, na ha]a hannu, wajen tara ku]a]en. GlobalGiving Fundraising Efforts for Japan http://www.youtube.com/americagov#p/u/140/QeWP40L7lB8 [aya daga cikin wa]anda suka kafa, kuma shugaban {ungiyar GlobalGiving, Mari Kuraishi, ya yi jawabi game da }o}arin }ungiya, mai zaman kanta, na bu]e gidauniya, don taimakawa, a {asar Japan. Gwamnatin {asar Amirka ba ta da wani ha}}I game da abubuwan da wannan mujallar ta ]auka, da kuma sauran bayanan da aka lissafta. Tun kuma watan Disambar 2011 ne, shafukan yanar-gizo suka gabatar da wannan.

OFISHIN HARKOKIN WATSA LABARUN {ASASHEN DUNIYA NA {ASAR AMIRKA