新课标人教版课件系列

《高中英语》

选修 ( 模块） 6-5.9

Learning about language

Learning about language

1. I went to a tea house with two friends last weekend but all they talked about was volcanoes. I was so _____ that I fell asleep.

2. A tourist very foolishly took a risk by walking right to the edge of an active_________.

3. I carefully ___________ over the fallen rocks and returned to the car.

bored

volcano

made my way

1.Find suitable words or expressions from the texts in the unit so far to fill in the blanks

4.Nothing can ___________ the experience of standing close to an active volcano for the first time.

5.Can volcanologists predict when a volcano will____________.

6.The sight of hot lava entering the sea at dawn was____________.

erupt

compare with

impressive

Mount Vesuvius This mountain has erupted more than 50 times since the eruption in 79 A.D., when it buried Pompeii and its sister city, Herculaneum.

After Pompeii was buried and lost to history, the volcano continued to erupt every 100 years until about 1037 A.D., when it entered a 600-year period of quiescence.

In 1631, the volcano killed an additional 4000 unsuspecting inhabitants.

2.Complete the text with the words below in their proper forms.

foundtain, burn to the ground, ash, lava, absolute, fantastic, eruption, amaze, unfortunately

The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79AD took people in Pompeii by surprise. It was so quick and so severe that the town soon covered in _______ and _________. Many houses in the town were ______________. It was an ________ disaster for many people who could not get away in time. A writer named Pliny, who was there during the ________, described how lava was thrown into the air like a ________.

burnt to the ground

absolute

ash lava

eruptionfountain

_____________ many of the townspeople,

____________at the ___________ sight of

Vesuvius eruption, stayed too long and

failed to escape in time.

unfortunately

amazed fantastic

1.Examine the sentences below and discuss in what way the structures are similar to each other and in what way they are different.

Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater.

Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take much notice.

Discovering useful structures

The -ing form can be used as an adverbial in a sentence to give information about time, reasons or results, We use the construction having + past participle (the perfect -ing form) to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by the main verb.

3.Complete the sentences with the perfect –ing form of the verbs: arrive, give, spend, take and buy.

1. ______________ the wrong bus, Tom found himself in an unfamiliar district.

2. ___________ her opinion about protecting the environment, she left the meeting.

3. _____________ the precious necklace, she had no money left.

Having taken

Having given

Having bought

3.Complete the sentences with the perfect –ing form of the verbs: arrive, give, spend, take and buy.

4. ____________ all day at home writing, the novelist went out for a walk in the evenig.

5. ______________ early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.

Having spent

Having arrived

4.Rewrite the sentences using the present or the perfect –ing form of the underlined verbs.

3. Because I had experienced earthquakes

before, I wasn’t frightened.

Having experienced earthquakes before,

I wasn’t frightened.

4. When she woke up in the middle of the night she saw her room was as light as day.

Waking up in the middle of the night she saw her room was as bright as day.

5. As soon as we had stopped the car, we put

on our protective clothing.

Having stopped the car, we put on our protective clothing.

6. Because I had spent all night watching the volcano erupting, I was very tired the next day.

Having spent all night watching the volcano erupting, I was very tired the next day.

7.As I came out of my house, I saw the volcano erupting.

Coming out of my house, I saw the volcanoerupting.

8. As I had never seen a volcano erupting before, I was very excited.

Never having seen a volcano erupting before,I was very excited.

5. Combine the pairs of sentences using the present or the perfect –ing form. The first one has been done for you.

2 You walk through the forest. You can find some unusual plants.

Walking through the forest, you can find some unusual plants.

3 She had been a teacher for 12 years. Char-lotte knew how to keep children interested.

Having been a teacher for 12 years…….

4 I preferred not to go out that night. I made an excuse.

Preferring not to go out that night, I made an excuse.

5 I didn’t expect anyone to be in the house. I walked straight in.

Having stopped the car, we immediately put on our protective clothing.

6 Dave had been out of work for two months. He was willing to take any job that was offered.

Having been out of work for two months, Dave was willing to take any job……..

7 I was unable to speak Japanese. I found life in Tokyo difficult.

Being unalbe to speak Japanese, I found life in Tokyo difficult.

8 Marie had felt ill all day. She cancelled her appointment with her friends.

Having felt ill all day, Marie cancelled her appointment with her friends.

9 She knew the job was important to her husband. She made an effort to be nice to his boss.

Knowing the job was important to her husband, she made an effort to be nice to her boss.

6.In pairs make a dialogue using the –ing form as the adverbial. One of you is a policeman asking questions and the other is a witness answering them. Complete this dialogue and then make up another one.

Policeman:What did you do when you got to the party?

Witness: (1) , I found everybody was there and the dancing was just beginning. (2), I saw some of my friends chatting at a table. So I went over to join them.

Policeman: when did you last see the hostess?

Witness: (3), I got a headache and the hostess led me to a room upstairs to have a rest. It was about 10 pm.

Arriving there

Having stood for several minutes

Drinking too much wine

Policeman: What happened next?

Witness: (4) , I felt much better and went to wash my face. (5), I ran downstairs and saw the hostess lying on the floor, surrounded by all the guests.

Policeman: …

Witness: …

Having rested for half an hour

Hearing the scream

小结 -ing 形式的用法1. –ing 形式作状语

用法 例句时间 Walking along the street, I met

Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….) 在街上走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。

用法 例句

原因 Being tired, I stopped to take a rest.(= Because I was tired, ….) 因为疲倦，我停下来休息。

条件 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, ….) 向左走，你就会找到那个学校。

用法 例句

让步 Knowing where I live, he never come to see me .(= Though he knows where I live, ….) 尽管他知道我的住处，但从不来看我。

用法 例句伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (=

…, and waited for her.) 我站在那儿等她。

结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.(= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.) 在这个地方雨下的如此大，以至引发了洪灾。

2. –ing 形式的完成式句型

主动

Having +p.p. …, 主语 + 谓语

被动

(Having been) +p.p. …, 主语 + 谓语

用法 • –ing 形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前

• 表示被动可直接用过去分词例句 Having finished my work, I went hom

e. (= After I had finished my work, ….)工作做完只后，我就回家了。

例句：(Having been) written in haste, the book has some faults. 这本书因仓促写成，所以有些缺憾。

分词 (短语 ) 作状语时 , 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。

3. 使用 - ing 形式需注意的几个问题。

My wife had a long talk with Sally,

explaining why she didn’t want the

children to play together.

我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间 , 解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。

( 现在分词 explaining 是句子主语 my wife 做的动作 ,它们之间是主动关系 , 即 explaining 的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语 my wife 。 )The train having gone, we had to wait another day. （ the train 逻辑主语 + having gone 即为独立主格结构）

分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词 (如 but ， and) ，因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之间可用逗号。

例如 :

误 : Having been told many times, but he

still couldn’t understand it.

正 : He was told many times, but he still

couldn’t understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still

couldn’t understand it.

-ing 的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。

例如 :

Opening the drawer ， he took out hi

s

wallet. (=He opened the drawer and t

ook out his wallet.)

他打开抽屉，拿出钱包。

Coming into the room, he put down h

is bag. (=He came into the room and

put down his bag.)

他走进房间，放下提包。

Having brushed his teeth, Mr. Brown

came downstairs for breakfast.

布朗先生刷过牙 , 就下楼来吃早饭。( 此句如写成 : Brushing his teeth,

Mr. Brown came downstairs for

breakfast. 可能指 “边刷牙 , 边下楼 。 )

分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上 not, never 等否定词构成。

例如 :

Not fearing the fire, the child touched

and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道 怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。Not knowing how to find the subway,

I asked a policeman for help. 我不知怎样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。