01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

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Advanced Compressor Water Wash Technologies 진진진 진진진 진진진 진진 Presented By: Robert Burke Applications Engineering Manager Monday, May 18 th 2009 1

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Page 1: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Advanced Compressor Water Wash Technologies

진보된 압축기 수세정 기술

Presented By: Robert Burke

Applications Engineering Manager

Monday, May 18th 2009

1

Page 2: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

2

General Gas Turbine Energy Balance( 전형적인 가스터빈 에너지 균형 )

출력 의 60% 가 압축기 운전

Compressor Efficiency- An Operational Imperative압축기 효율 – 운전상의 불가피성

Page 3: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Typical Compressor Contaminants대표적인 압축기 오염물질

3

• Stage 2 압축기– 연질의 침전물 과 공기에 의한 오염

• 카본 침착• 먼지 , 실리카• 기타 주위 공기 오염물• 베어링에서 누출 되는 기름

• Stage 17 압축기– 단단한 침전물– 날게 표면에 붙어 굳어짐– 입구 cooling water 로 부터의 광물질

• 성능 / 운전에 주는 영향– 날개표면을 거칠게 함– 공기흐름을 방해– 압축기 효율 손실– 압축기에서 나오는 압력 손실– 압축기 방출온도 상승– 터빈의 출력 저하– SPFC 증가 , 열비 (Heat Rate) 저하

Page 4: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Typical Installed Base System Performance Practices전형적인 기존 시스템의 성능사례

4

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

15.2. 2.3. 17.3. 1.4. 16.4. 1.5. 16.5. 31.5. 15.6. 30.6. 15.7. 30.7. 14.8. 29.8. 13.9. 28.9. 13.10.

28.10.

12.11.

Ga

s T

urb

in

e c

orre

cte

d o

utp

ut (M

W)

ONLINE 세척 안했을때 GT 출력 하락표

Off-line wash

전형적인 GT 기능저하

•45 일 주기 OFF-LINE 세척•1 일 가동정지 /OFF-LINE •년간 8 일•수익 감소•일일 출력 손실•정비 비용•부대 경비

OEM 세척기의 단점

•가동정지 후 세척 •저압 세척•많은 세척 수 사용 , 1000 겔론•시간이 오래 걸림

연마제 세척 :•MAJOR OVERHAUL 필요함•WALLNUT SHELL – COOLING HOLE 이 막힘

Page 5: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Improved Design/ Application Process개선된 설계 / 프로세스적용

5

• 최적의 세척 성능을 내기 위한 방안 :

최적화된 비말 ( 작은 물방울 ) 은 최적의 운동량을 만듬

• 노즐과 압력 선택– 60 TO 80 BAR, 80-250 microns D43 물방울 생성– 부착물 용해를 위한 세정 수의 온도 60 deg. C

• 중심부를 커버하기 위한 노즐 위치선정– CFD MODEL 예측

• 0.33 의 공기 , 세정수 비율을 얻기 위한 세정시간과 물량– 세정시간 3-5 분 , 세정물량 분당 5-250 리터– Plant Control 과 PLC 를 연결을 통하여 자동화된 운전

• 물방울 분사를 위한 기하학 및 압력 • 속도 부분과 조화를 맞춘 물방울 분사• 공기의 흐르는 방향으로 압축기 내부로 들어가도록 틈과 위치

선정• 정밀하고 독특한 기계적 결합구조의 제품

Page 6: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Droplet Characterization물방울 특성은 각 터빈마다 각기 다른 물방울 사이즈를 사용 . -- 노즐이 다름 .

6

LASER 로 물방울 사이즈 측정 및 노즐에서 분사 속도 측정(PDA-PHASE DOPPLER 측정법 )

SIZE COUNTS VOLUME4 2 0

13 572 421 13290 38730 19887 158738 17035 290947 13372 416055 10189 522564 7466 587573 5411 621981 3744 600190 2623 567198 1836 5212

107 1271 4642115 887 4078124 563 3206132 404 2809141 281 2361149 209 2093158 135 1599166 114 1572175 75 1201183 46 852192 52 1116200 67 1619209 55 1521217 57 1778226 53 1838234 34 1321243 34 1454252 34 1651260 30 1607269 39 2249277 19 1236286 15 1065294 14 1037303 12 994311 11 1043320 1 81328 8 830337 2 236345 9 1069354 0 0362 7 999371 8 1261379 7 1215388 4 721396 5 924405 0 0414 0 0422 0 0431 3 690439 0 0448 0 0456 0 0465 0 0473 0 0482 0 0490 2 873499 2 613507 3 1291

100000 100000

INSTRUMENT: Dantec PDA D[10] = 49.6DATE : 2005-04-25 (recorded data corrected 03/16/06) D[20] = 57.7NOZZLE : P/N 20857 S/N 53048 D[30] = 69.2BEAM AIM : centre D[43] = 159.4DISTANCE : 30 cm D[32] = 99.7PRESSURE: 64.3 bar Dv10 = 51.2FLOW RATE : 14.4 l/min Dv50 = 110.9WAT. TEMP: 15 C Dv90 = 324.0

0 microns

FLOW THROUGH

OVERSIZED

500 microns

EVAPORATION &

PREFERRED

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATIONGAS TURBINE EFFICIENCY AB

•각 노즐별 특성화 • 크기 분배• 속도 분배

Page 7: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Wind Tunnel Testing풍동 시험

7

• 목적– Base Load 동작 모의 시험– 물방울 특성

• 물방울 크기 분배• 물방울 속도

– CFD 모델과 비교• SPECIFICATION

– Base Load 조건– 15KW 송풍기 5KG/S 풍동생성– 속도 마하 0.5 – LASER 에 의한 물방울크기 측정– 여러 위치와 속도에서 물방울 측정

• 결과– CFD 모델이 전형적 모델임을 확인– 물방울 분배 확인

• 물방울 사이즈• 물방울 속도• 물방울 깨짐

목 적 :

•날개의 습분 상태 이해•고정날개 물을 흘림•부식가능성 이해

Specifications:

•FLOW RATE 의 변화•속도의 변화•Laser SPECTROMETER 로 물방울 싸이즈 측정•여러 위치와 속도로 물방울 측정

결 과 :

•많은 물방울이 작은 리벳 머리 모양의 흔적을 남김•밑으로 흐르는 물방울은 부식을 일으키지 않음

Page 8: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

CFD Tool & Nozzle Placement Definition

8

Water Mass at 60% Compressor Inlet

GT 입구 기하학적 체계를 GTE 에서 개발한 CFD CODE 에 넣고 , 공기흐름을 K-EPSILON MODEL 로 SIMULATE 함

다음단계로 많은 량의 물분자를 – 같은 크기 , 량 , 속도 , 각도를 가진 --MATLAB을 사용하여 물방을을 공기흐름속으로 분사하여 물방울 의 궤도를 살핌 .

Page 9: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Erosion Study- Typical Drop Strike Pressure Side- Tangential Velocity 물방울이 날게에 부딭치는 속도와 분포

9

Page 10: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Erosion Model

10

•많은 종류의 시험기계와 물질을 가지고 시험함 .

•상관관계가 아직 새로운 환경하에서 오랜 기간 예측함에 미약함 .

-VOL: METAL 부식량 -Flux: 물이 표면에 닿는 량 (M3/M2/SEC) -NER: METAL 의 일반 부식 저항력 (=4 FOR 400 SSL) -V: 보통 충격 속도 (M/SEC) -D: 물방울 지름 (mm) -T: 총 세척 시간 (SEC)

•충격속도에 대단히 민감함 120000 시간 운전시 5mm 정도 마모

tdV

NER

FluxVol 67.

8.4

25002

Example Calculation:

• V=350 m/sec, D=180 MICRONS, NER: 4 (410 S 니 )

• T=3min/day * 365/YR * 30YR*60s/min=3.942*106 sec• WATER FLUX: .549 * 10-3m/sec• FOR THE BEST STELLITE, NER=50, VOLUME ERODE=1.6mm

5 mm of wear in 120000 operating

hours

Page 11: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Reverse Flow Bellmouth Installation ( 제작사 )

11

Start Animation• Cone Mounted Design

– Wash ports usually built in

– Good performance for offline wash

– Poor performance for online wash

– Water builds on hub– (STRUT 에 물방울이 부딪쳐 HUB 에 물이 생김 )

Page 12: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

GTE Bellmouth Installation

12

Start Animation

• Bellmouth Mounted Line of Site Design

– GTE preferred design

– Nozzle aimed with air stream

Acceptable online performance

• Approximately 30-50% R0• 만족할 수있는 ONLINE 성능시 R0 에 30-50% 의 물이 뿌려짐

– Good offline performance

• Approximately 20-25% R0• 최적의 OFF LINE 성능시에는 R0 에 20-25% 뿌려짐

Page 13: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Design Evaluation Coverage- 7EA

13

Simplicity & Functonality:• 7 Nozzles; each located midspan between

each strut ( 각 지주 중앙에 위치한다 )• Nozzle 은 Bellmouth 를 통해 삽입한다 .• Optimized Nozzle Placement ( 최적의 노즐배치 )• Single Position for both wash cycles

- Offline WW- Online WW

• Obsolete OEM Nozzles & Positions( 기존노즐없앰 )

Page 14: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

20-60%span

Design Objectives: Droplet Size

14

• Offline WW – 70% by volume @ 20%

span• Online WW

– 55% by volume @ 60% span

• Air Flow– 289 kg/sec

• Wash Fluid– 95-110 l/min

• 물방울 크기 , 분사 압력 , 노즐등 모두 ONLINE시나 OFF LINE 시 같이 쓰임 .

• 단지 다른것은 엔징 속도임 - OFF LINE 시에는 800 RPM, ON LINE 시에는 3600RPM

• 그러므로 AIR 속도가 달라짐 -- 그래서 물방울이 그림에서 보는것 같이 OFF LINE 에는 밑으로 20% 흐르고 , ONLINE 시에는 물이 날려서 60% 선에 흐름 .

• OFF LINE 시 20% 선에서 70% 물이 흐르고 , ON LINE 시에는 60% 선에서 55% 의 물이 흐름 . GE 7EA 의 경우임 .

Offline WW Online WW

Page 15: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Typical Standard Nozzle Systems vs. GTE System

15

• Standard System Nozzles • GTE System Nozzles

Page 16: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Offline CWW Performance; Stage 2 Before & After GTE CWW

16

Heavy coverage of soft deposits removed by Offline CWW

Page 17: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Offline CWW Performance; Stage 17 Compressor Before & After CWW

17

Heavy Crystalline deposits removed by Offline CWW

Page 18: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

GTE 400i-42 2xMS6001B CC

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

15.2. 2.3. 17.3. 1.4. 16.4. 1.5. 16.5. 31.5. 15.6. 30.6. 15.7. 30.7. 14.8. 29.8. 13.9. 28.9. 13.10.

28.10.

12.11.

Gas

Tur

bine

cor

rect

ed o

utpu

t (M

W)

Installation of new GTE-400 system

GT output deterioration without online washing

system

Offline washes

Outage + Offline wash Offline wash

• Results

– +2.1% versus initial offline with detergent

– 45 to 180 day offline cycle +3% availability

– 52,000 hrs of service TD

– Online water only wash

Page 19: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

GTE 600i-110 6xMS9001E SC

19

• Wash Benefits– ~8-12% Power Recovery

– ~4-6% Heat Rate

• TNB Fleet Standard– 2 more systems on 4 units

Page 20: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

GTE 1000i-110 3xMS7001E CC

20

• Single System Serving 3 Engines

• DCS Controlled / Scheduled

• Online Water Only Wash• Improved Offline Cycle

From 30 to 75 days+2% Availability

• Additional Benefits:>3% Power>1.0 % Heat Rate

Page 21: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Benefits Calculator- Power Gen

21

Conditions

Performance Recovery 3 % Recovery

Availability gain 48 Hr/Yr

Heat Rate 10480 Btu/kw-hr

Heat Rate Recovery 0.34 % Recovery

Power price $50 $/MW-hr

Avg Gas Price $6.00 Therm

MW Rating 84 MW

Benefits Calculator $K/Yr MWHr/Yr

Performance ($K/Yr) 1,098 21954

Availability ($K/Yr) 202 4032

Fuel Savings ($K/Yr) 137

Total $1,436 25986

Click on Blue Fields, and enter specific values, to use benefits calculator

Page 22: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Water Wash Delivery- GTE1000i-95

22

Specifications:

• Stainless Steel Tank

• Carbon Steel Skid - Painted

• PLC Control

• Fully Automated Online CWW

• Positive Displacement Delivery Pump

• Adjustable Discharge Pressure

• Automated Heater Control & Protection

• Automated Level Control & Protection

• Discharge Fluid Filtration

•Automated Detergent Injection

•Adjustable Detergent Flow Control

•User Interface Panel (HMI), touch-screen

Options:

• Stainless Steel Skid

• Electric Detergent Drum Pump

• Total Dissolved Solids feedback & control

• Remote Operation (Optional)

• Data Logging (Optional)

Page 23: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Developing Integrated and Service Solutions

23

Range (Mw)

0

to

10

10

to

14

14

to

35

20

to

40

35

to

55

55

to

120

80

to

160

160

to

250

WW Product

30i 80i 160i 200i 400i 600i 1000i 1400i

Specifications:

• Stainless Steel Tank

• Stainless or Carbon Steel Skid

• PLC Control

• Fully Automated ON-Line CWW

• Positive Displacement Delivery Pump

• Adjustable Discharge Pressure

• Automated Heater Control & Protection

• Automated Level Control & Protection

• Discharge Fluid Filtration

Options

• Adjustable Detergent Flow Control

• User Interface Panel (HMI), touch-screen

• Electric Detergent Drum Pump

• Total Dissolved Solids feedback & control

• Automated Detergent Injection (Optional)

• Remote Operation (Optional)

• Data Logging (Optional)

Water Wash

Page 24: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

GTE Fleet: > 800 Units; 20M Operating Hours

24

OEM Population6% 2%

72%

20%

RR

Solar

Siemens

GE

Wash Skids

22%

76%

2%

Oil and Gas

Power Gen

Marine

Page 25: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Why GTE? Technology & Value Solutions

25

Boeing 747

Fuel Savings $ 164 K

Wash Cost: ~ $ 36 K

Payback: ~ 3 Months

Additional Benefits

CO2 Reduced: 800 Tonnes

EGT Recovery:: ~ 9 o C

Time-on-Wing: + 4000 Hr

Foundation from Aviation/Jet Engines

In excess of 15000 Engine Washes

• Major Air Carriers

• Foreign and Domestic Military

Industrial Gas Turbine Water Wash

• 800+ Unit Installed Base

• 20 MM+ Operating Hours

Benefits

Power Recovery 2-3 %

Heat Rate Improvement 0.3 - 1 %

Availability Improvement 2 – 3 %

Payback ~ 3 - 6 Months

Page 26: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Why GTE? Technology and Value Solutions

26

- The GTE technology team is unique in experience, capability and breadth

– The top 10 technology leaders have over 250 years experience in the energy industry and bring a wealth of systems physics knowledge, familiarity with advanced modeling tools, tough problem solving, practical, and hands-on field experience

– GTE’s capabilities complement OEMs and are recognized as ‘expert’ in key product lines

– GTE’s aero-modeling, controls and fluid systems integrated with manufacturing, supply chain, and life cycle cost elements -- positions us to develop advanced, cost effective solutions more rapidly

– ‘Scientists’ with proven track records and practical tech application offers rapid design at low cost

Page 27: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Proven Track Record with Blue Chip Clients

27

Track Record

• > 800 Turbines

• > 20MM Operating Hours

Long Term OEM Agreements

• Siemens

• Caterpillar / Solar

• Rolls-Royce

• Large Global OEMs

Validated Results:

Page 28: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Patented Water Wash Technology

28

Patent 5,868,860 Key Claims– Supply Pressure 50 to 80 bars– Mean Droplet range 120 to 250 microns

Key Design Features– Nozzle Selection to:

• Produce Mean Droplet 120 to 250 microns• Avoid Droplets > 500 microns

– Nozzle Placement Optimizes Wash Coverage• One position for both Online and Offline

Wash

– Wash Process Minimizes Water Volume• No Detergent, No Rinse for Online

– Wash Process Minimizes Detergent Need for Offline

• Reduction of Detergent Need by 80% for Offline

Page 29: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

Patented Methods & Wash Nozzle Placement

29

Patent 7,428,906 Key Claims• System for Wash during Operation• Method with mean drops less then 150

microns• Slip ratio of minimum 0.8 at compressor inlet• One or more Nozzles in acceleration duct

Key Design Features• Nozzle Selection & Discharge Pressure to:

• Produce Mean Droplet less than 150 microns

• Provide velocity at Nozzle Tip 40% of final at Compressor Inlet

• Nozzle Placement Optimizes Wash Coverage

• Injection relatively parrallel to air stream

• Online Wash Process Claims• No Online Wetting of Stationary

Components• Spray velocity 100-200 m/s

Page 30: 01.7 ea water_wash_presentation_final[한글번역]

30

Our Clients have the BEST Aviation & Industrial Turbines in the world.We make them PERFORM BETTER.

Cleaner.More Output.More Reliable.More Available.More EFFICIENT.