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Computers

Historical

Perspective

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Chronology

1833 Charles Babbage (English mathematician)

Analytical Engine / Difference Engine

Concept of a universal digital calculator

1890 Dr. Herman Hollerith (Census Bureau)Invented and used punched cards

1920s Punched cards introduced in Canada and Europe

Used by large companies and govts.

1930s 80-col card introduced, Accounting Machine

introduced,

1940s Computers developed by several universities,

Unit Record Machines introduced

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Chronology

1946 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical

Integrator and Computer)

1950s Electromagnetic moving parts and

vacuum tubes introduced; RemingtonRand UNIVAC I developed. First

commercial computer used in Federal

govt., General Electric

1960s 1st transistor and disk storage introduced 1965 Multiple transistors produced on one

physical wafer

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Chronology

1970s multiple circuits combined into an

individual chip (Large Scale Integration

LSI, Very Large Scale Integration

VLSI)

1980s computers that exhibit greater

intelligence

(microcomputers / DSS/ Office

automation)

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Computers

Introduced in the 1950s

1st Generation (Vacuum Tubes)

2nd

Generation (Transistors) 3rd Generation (Wafers Multiple

Transistors)

4th

Generation (Chips LSI; VLSI) 5th Generation (Microprocessors)

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COMPUTER GENERATIONS

1. VACUUM TUBES: 1946-1959

2. TRANSISTORS: 1957-1963

3. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: 1964-19794. VERY LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED

(VLSI) CIRCUITS:1980- PRESENT

*

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Computers

1950s to the 1980s

Data Processing (DP / EDP) Years

Primary use - Speedy consolidation andprocessing of information

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Computers

in the 1980s

Introduction of the microcomputer the

PC

Portable, versatile open architecture

Encompassed other applications that

aided decision making

Clones

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Computers

In the Decade of the 90s

Information Technology (IT)

Computers positioned as strategic tools;exploited and utilized for gaining strategic

and competitive advantage

Included related automation andcommunications technologies

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Computers

2000 to 2010

Information and Communications

Technology (ICT)

Convergence computers now linked to

communications (telephony, TV, Internet)

Mass storage

Multimedia (world-wide-web, wired orwireless, voice / data / image or

combinations)

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Computers

2011 and Beyond

Emergence of Cloud Computing

Growth of a Mobile Digital Businessplatform

Use of Social Networks / Wikis / Blogs

Web 2.0 and Web 3.0

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3 Primary Computing Eras

1. DP or Mainframe

Computer Era

2. Micro or PC

Computing Era

3. Network or

Pervasive

Computing Era

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Stages of Growth