033 molecules of cells
DESCRIPTION
Part of Biology CampbellTRANSCRIPT
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5/18/2018 033 Molecules of Cells
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BIOLOGYCONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS
Fourth Edition
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence G. Mitchell Martha R. Taylor
From PowerPointLectures forBiology: Concepts & Connections
CHAPTER 3The Molecules of Cells
odules 3.!! " 3.20
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Proteins re in!o"!ed in
# ce""u"r structure
# mo!ement
# defense
# trns$ort
# communiction
%mm"in hir is com$osed of structur"$roteins
En'mes re(u"te chemic" rections
PROTEINS
3.11 Proteins are essential to the structures andactivities of life
#igure 3.!!
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5/18/2018 033 Molecules of Cells
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Proteins re the most structur""' ndfunction""' di!erse of "ife)s mo"ecu"es
# Their di!ersit' is *sed on different
rrn(ements of mino cids
3.1 Proteins are !ade fro! "ust # $inds of a!inoacids
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Ech mino cid contins+
# n mino (rou$
# cr*o,'" (rou$
# n - (rou$. which distin(uishes ech of the /0
different mino cids
Amino
group
Carboxyl (acid)
group#igure 3.!2$
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5/18/2018 033 Molecules of Cells
5/15Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Ech mino cid hs s$ecific $ro$erties
Leucine (Leu)
#igure 3.!2B
Serine (Ser) Cysteine (Cys)
HYDROPHO!C HYDROPH!L!C
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Ce""s "in1 mino cids to(ether *' deh'drtion
s'nthesis
The *onds *etween mino cid monomers rec""ed $e$tide *onds
3.13 A!ino acids can %e lin$ed %& 'e'tide %onds
Amino acid Amino acid Dipeptide
De"ydration
synt"esis
Carboxyl
group
Amino
group
P#P$!D#
O%D
#igure 3.!3
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2 $rotein. such s "'so'me. consists of$o"'$e$tide chins fo"ded into uni3ue sh$e
# The sh$e determines the $rotein)s function
#2 $rotein "oses its s$ecific function when its$o"'$e$tides unr!e"
3.1( Overvie)* A 'rotein+s s'ecific sha'edeter!ines its function
#igure 3.!%$ #igure 3.!%B
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3.1, A 'rotein+s 'ri!ar& structure is its a!ino acidse-uence
3.1 Secondar& structure is 'ol&'e'tide coilin/ orfoldin/ 'roduced %& h&dro/en %ondin/
#igure 3.!&, !'
Amino acid
Hydrogenbond
Alp"a "elix
Pleated s"eet
Primary
structure
Secondarystructure
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3.10 Tertiar& structure is the overall sha'e of a'ol&'e'tide
3.1 2uaternar& structure is the relationshi'a!on/ !ulti'le 'ol&'e'tides of a 'rotein
#igure 3.!(, !)
Polypeptide
(single subunit
o& transt"yretin)
$ranst"yretin' it" &our
identical polypeptide subunits
$ertiary
structure
uaternary
structure
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5/18/2018 033 Molecules of Cells
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Pu"in( mde im$ortnt contri*utions to ourunderstndin( of $rotein structure nd function
3.1 Tal$in/ A%out Science* 4inus Paulin/contri%uted to our understandin/ of theche!istr& of life
#igure 3.!*
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Nuc"eic cids such nd 4N2 nd -N2 ser!e sthe *"ue$rints for $roteins
The' u"timte"' contro" the "ife of ce""
N5C4EIC ACI6S
3.# Nucleic acids are infor!ation7rich 'ol&!ers ofnucleotides
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The monomers of nuc"eic cids re nuc"eotides
P"osp"ate
group
Sugar#igure 3.20$
# Ech nuc"eotide is com$osed of su(r.$hos$hte. nd nitro(enous *se
%itrogenousbase (A)
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The su(r nd $hos$hte form the *c1*onefor the nuc"eic cid
Sugar*p"osp"ate
bac+bone
%ucleotide
#igure 3.20B
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4N2 consists of two$o"'nuc"eotides twisted
round ech other in dou*"e he"i,
#igure 3.20C
# The se3uence of the
four 1inds ofnitro(enous *ses in4N2 crries (enetic
informtion %itrogenousbase (A)
ase
pair
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Stretches of 4N2 mo"ecu"e c""ed (enes$ro(rm the mino cid se3uences of $roteins
# 4N2 informtion is trnscri*ed into -N2.
sin("e5strnded nuc"eic cid
# -N2 is then trns"ted into the $rimr'structure of $roteins