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CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3

THE COLONIES COME OF AGETHE COLONIES COME OF AGE

13 Colonies Divided

New England: Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island

Middle: New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania

Southern: Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

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The Agricultural SouthThe Agricultural South

Farmers specialize in Farmers specialize in cash cash crops crops grown for salegrown for sale

Tobacco known as “brown Tobacco known as “brown gold”gold”

a predominantly a predominantly agricultural agricultural society emerges.society emerges.

Mid-1700s Plantation LifeMid-1700s Plantation Life Small farmers were the majority Small farmers were the majority But plantation owners controlled the govt. But plantation owners controlled the govt.

and churches.and churches.

Why so few towns in South?Why so few towns in South? Plantations develop instead of towns b/c Plantations develop instead of towns b/c

they had access to long deep rivers>>> they had access to long deep rivers>>> allowed plantation owners to ship directly allowed plantation owners to ship directly to other places to other places

Plantations produce most of what farmers Plantations produce most of what farmers need on their property- no need for a need on their property- no need for a town’s shops town’s shops

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Evolution of SlaveryEvolution of Slavery

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Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

Middle Middle Passage-Passage-

slave’s slave’s journey journey from west from west coast of coast of Africa to Africa to America America

A horrible A horrible journey of journey of 3,000 3,000 miles miles packed packed into the into the hull of a hull of a ship ship

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SLAVE SLAVE IMPORTATIONIMPORTATION

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDukq8npXBk

• • 80–90% of slaves work in fields; 10–20% 80–90% of slaves work in fields; 10–20% work in house (cook, clean, mind children) or work in house (cook, clean, mind children) or as artisans (blacksmith, bricklayer, carpenters)as artisans (blacksmith, bricklayer, carpenters)

Some colonies slaves outnumbered whitesSome colonies slaves outnumbered whites

2 to 12 to 1

• • Slaves work full-time from age 12 until death Slaves work full-time from age 12 until death

• • Majority of owners beat, whip slaves Majority of owners beat, whip slaves considered disobedient, disrespectful considered disobedient, disrespectful

(VA courts did not consider the killing of a slave (VA courts did not consider the killing of a slave during punishment as murder). during punishment as murder).

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STONO REBELLION: 1739STONO REBELLION: 1739

• 20 slaves took up arms and killed several planter 20 slaves took up arms and killed several planter families.families.

• Rebellion put down.Rebellion put down.• Despite its failure, many towns tightened slave Despite its failure, many towns tightened slave

laws even more.laws even more.

THE COMMERCIAL NORTH Produced several crops Cold winters = short growing season &

rocky soil = smaller farms>> Why less slavery in the North? No plantations= less need for slaves Could not develop plantations because of

the geography

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• Philadelphia second largest city in British empire; a planned city with a grid like street system, very modern

• Growth in trade leads to large port cities: New York, Boston, Philadelphia

Jamestown (in South)and New York chosen because of access to rivers

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Influx of Immigrants

Salem witchcraft trialsIn 1692, false accusations of witchcraft lead to trials, hysteria- how and why did this happen?

strange things in Salem

Social tensions Poor brought charges

against the rich

In the end 25 women killed as “witches”- over 150 imprisoned

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The Great Awakening 1730s-The Great Awakening 1730s-1740s1740s colonists begin to

question traditional authority

This Great Awakening preacher was famous for his fiery message referred to as “sinners in the hand of an angry God.”

Religious awakening

Jonathan Edwards tried to revive intensity of original Puritan vision.

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French territory in the Americas originally claimed by Cartier and in 1608 Samuel Champlain founded Quebec – 1st permanent French settlement in N America

Different from British settlers

• Most French settlers came for the fur trade

• And missionaries, spreading Christianity

• Had much better relationship with Native Americans 18

1919

Navigation Acts>>Colonial trade Navigation Acts>>Colonial trade is “restricted”.is “restricted”.

By 1688 England does not By 1688 England does not enforce laws if colonies maintain enforce laws if colonies maintain economic loyalty to Englandeconomic loyalty to England

  Colonies pretty much left alone Colonies pretty much left alone known as known as Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect

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Beginning of the End Why was the policy of Salutary Neglect the

first step in the colonies’ quest for independence?

***Colonies got very used to being left alone by England & making their own decisions

Still loyal to England but developing taste for self govt.

French and Indian warFrench and Indians vs. British Why?

1754-1760

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuQ5SzExJNc

• Who can defend colonists?

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Benjamin Franklin (A&E Library Video) Assignment

Enlightenment>>Leading figure: Benjamin Franklin was a symbol of mobility and individualism.

Enlightenment and Great Awakening had similar results: people question old ideas and authority

 How did Benjamin Franklin exemplify individualism and social mobility? Was he born into wealth, and how did he become successful and well known? Social mobility is the ability one achieves to move up or down the social hierarchy (rich, middle, or poor), resulting in a higher or lower social class of wealth and status.

Write a 1/2 page response to the video citing specific examples answering this question.

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1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!•France claims land/builds a fort in Ohio>>> already belonged to British settlers>>>both claim same land•William Pitt helps British Win> Iroquois join British•1759 British capture Quebec

and win French and Indian war

•battle scene

• Book pg 89

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At the end of the warAt the end of the war

France --> France --> lost their Canadian lost their Canadian possessions, most of her empire to possessions, most of her empire to EnglandEngland

England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, future Caribbean slave trade, future American coloniesAmerican colonies

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763• Colonists want to

move west.• Indians don’t want

them there.• British intervene• Proclamation Line of

1763 • Colonists can’t move

west of this line• established to keep

colonists in and Indians out.

1.1. It increased her colonial empire It increased her colonial empire in in the Americas. the Americas.

2.Cost A LOT OF $$$$$ to send 2.Cost A LOT OF $$$$$ to send troops to defend the colonists>> troops to defend the colonists>> Debt for EnglandDebt for England

Britain wants colonists to help Britain wants colonists to help pay for cost of their pay for cost of their defense.>>>TAXESdefense.>>>TAXES

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

Effects of the War Effects of the War on Britain?on Britain?

17631763 Pontiac’s Pontiac’s Rebellion Rebellion Ottawan Ottawan chief>>captures 8 chief>>captures 8 British forts- Indian British forts- Indian attacks on settlersattacks on settlers

Fort DetroitFort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier

The Aftermath: The Aftermath: Tensions Along the Tensions Along the

FrontierFrontier