new england (or northern) colonies massachusetts new hampshire rhode island connecticut
TRANSCRIPT
New England (or
Northern) Colonies
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut
James I ruled England from 1603-1625
• He was the first to call himself the “King of Great Britain”
• He struggled with Parliament – he felt he ruled by divine right
• He persecuted Pilgrims because:– They did not believe he ruled
by divine right
– They would not recognize him as leader of the Church of England
One group called Separatists (because they were appalled at the corruption of the English church &
abandoned it) left England.
• First they went to Holland, but ultimately decided to start fresh in the New World.
• In 1620, they set sail for Virginia, but their ship, the Mayflower, went off course and they landed in modern-day Massachusetts.
• Because winter was approaching, they decided to settle where they had landed. This settlement was called Plymouth.
While on boards, the Pilgrims signed an agreement establishing a “Civil Body
Politic” and a basic legal system for the colony.
• That agreement, the Mayflower Compact, is important because: (1) it created a legal authority and an assembly & (2) it asserted that the government’s power derives from the consent of the governed.
•The compact brought an element
of democracy to America and was an
example of the practice of self-self-
governmentgovernment in the colonies.
The Pilgrims The Pilgrims founded founded Plymouth Plymouth Colony (1620)Colony (1620)
Like the settlers in Jamestown, the Pilgrims received life-saving assistance
from local Native Americans
• Squanto, from the Native American tribe of the Pokanokets spoke English, having earlier been captured by English traders and imprisoned in England for several years.
• Squanto served as the Pilgrims’ interpreter and taught them how to best plant in their new home.
During the 17th century, monarchs in Europe were Absolutists, or they believed that their
power was given to them from God.
• Charles I of England publicly declared his believe in the divine right of kings. – Insisted that a monarch’s power
came directly from God & that it was his subjects duty to obey him
• The Puritans wanted to purify, or reform, the Church of England from within
• How do Puritans differ from Pilgrims?
In 1629, a powerful colony called Massachusetts Bay was established by the
Congregationalists• Driven out by Charles I
– Forced clergymen from their pulpits
– They resorted to secret meetings for worship
• The Congregationalists were Puritans.
• They became convinced that they could still do this, but pursue that aim in America.
Led by Governor John Winthrop, Massachusetts Bay developed along Puritan
ideals.• All Puritans believed that they
had a covenant with God, and the concept of covenants was central to their entire philosophy.
• Government was to be a covenant among the people; work was to serve a communal ideal, and of course, the true church (that is, the Puritan church) was always to be served.
• Leader: John Winthrop
• To establish holy society --- “city upon a hill”
• Middle class settlers, educated and organized
• Ruled as “Bible Commonwealth” or theocracy
• New England Way = Puritan covenant with God
• Successful as fur traders, fishermen and shipbuilders
New
England1. good harbors
2. small farms and towns
3. trade centered around harbors
4. hilly, forested and shallow soil
5. cities: Boston
• 15,000 – 1750
6. fishing, lumber and trapping
7. Family, religion and community
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Pilgrims eventually merge
with the Puritans to form Massachusetts
Bay Colony Communities well
organized Established
towns Protestant Work
Ethic Family values
Building the Building the Bay ColonyBay Colony
Who could vote in the town Who could vote in the town government? government? – In town government, all property-In town government, all property-
owning males could vote in owning males could vote in town town meetingsmeetings
Since the idea of government Since the idea of government was to enforce God’s laws, was to enforce God’s laws, religious leaders (e.g. John religious leaders (e.g. John Cotton) were very influentialCotton) were very influential
The clergy were barred from The clergy were barred from formal political office – early formal political office – early “church/state separation”“church/state separation”
Both the Separatists and the Congregationalists
did not tolerate religious freedom in their colonies,
even though both had experienced and fled religious persecution
- Two major incidents during the first half of the 17th century demonstrated Puritan religious intolerance:
(1) Roger Williams(1) Roger Williams
Teacher in the Salem Bay settlement Teacher in the Salem Bay settlement taught a number of controversial taught a number of controversial principles: principles: – Church and state should be separateChurch and state should be separate– Challenged charter for illegally taking Challenged charter for illegally taking
land from Indiansland from Indians The Puritans banished Williams, who The Puritans banished Williams, who
subsequently moved to modern-day subsequently moved to modern-day Rhode Island and founded a new colony Rhode Island and founded a new colony in 1636 (aided by Indians)in 1636 (aided by Indians)
Rhode Island’s charter allowed for the Rhode Island’s charter allowed for the free exercise of religion, and it did not free exercise of religion, and it did not require voters to be church membersrequire voters to be church members
(2) Mistress Anne Hutchinson(2) Mistress Anne Hutchinson
AntinomianismAntinomianism = the belief = the belief that faith and God’s grace – as that faith and God’s grace – as opposed to the observance of opposed to the observance of moral law and performance of moral law and performance of good deeds – was suffice to earn good deeds – was suffice to earn one a place among the “elect.”one a place among the “elect.”
Her teachings challenged Puritan Her teachings challenged Puritan beliefs and the authority of the beliefs and the authority of the Puritan clergyPuritan clergy
The fact that she was an The fact that she was an intelligent, well-educated, and intelligent, well-educated, and powerful woman in a resolutely powerful woman in a resolutely patriarchal society also turned patriarchal society also turned many against her.many against her.
She was tried of heresy, She was tried of heresy, convicted, and banished.convicted, and banished.
Population of the New England Colonies
Population of the New England Colonies
MassachusettsMassachusetts•1621—PilgrimsPlymouth Colony•1630---PuritansMass. Bay Colony
William BradfordWilliam Bradford•Pilgrims
John Winthrop•Puritans
•Plymouth merges with Mass. 1691
Religious freedom, avoid religious
persecution, to start a “city upon a hill”, and to begin a new life.
Mayflower CompactTheocracy
General CourtRoyal Colony
Rhode IslandRhode Island•1644
•Formed from Mass.
Roger WilliamsRoger Williams•Exiled from Mass.
Anne Hutchison•Exiled from Mass.
•Dissatisfied with Mass. Bay Colony
•Religious freedom
•Consent of the governed
•Self-governing colony
ConnecticutConnecticut•1662
•Formed from Mass.
Rev. Thomas Hooker
Religious freedom, exploring the frontier
and settling new areas.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Self-governing colony
New Hampshire•1679
•Formed from Mass.
John MasonSir Ferdinando
Gorges
Part of Mass. Bay Colony and set up for greater opportunity in frontier---trade goods, fur, fishing & lumber
industry
Royal Colony
Colony/DateColony/Date Person ResponsiblePerson Responsible Why FoundedWhy Founded Governed/OwnerGoverned/Owner
Growth of the Colonies: 1690
Growth of the Colonies: 1690
New England Spreads OutNew England Spreads Out 1635: Hartford, 1635: Hartford,
Connecticut was founded Connecticut was founded by Dutch/English settlers. by Dutch/English settlers.
Some Puritans moved Some Puritans moved westward to Connecticut westward to Connecticut with Rev. Thomas Hookerwith Rev. Thomas Hooker
1639: Fundamental 1639: Fundamental Orders – modern Orders – modern constitution established constitution established democratic governmentdemocratic government
1641: New Hampshire 1641: New Hampshire taken over by overly taken over by overly aggressive Bay Colonyaggressive Bay Colony
1679: Annoyed by greed 1679: Annoyed by greed of Bay Colony, king of Bay Colony, king arbitrarily separates it, arbitrarily separates it, becomes royal colonybecomes royal colony
As the population of Mass. grew, settlers began looking for new places to live.
• One obvious choice was the Connecticut Valley, a fertile region with lots of access to the sea (for trade).
• The area was already inhabited by the Pequots, however, who resisted the English incursions.
• When the Pequots attacked a settlement in Wakefield and killed 9 colonists, members of the Mass. Bay Colony retaliated by burning the main Pequot village, killing 400, many of them women and children.
• The result was the near destruction of the Pequots in what came to known as the Pequot War.
Compare & Contrast: New England vs. Chesapeake
• Entire families tended to emigrate to New England; in the Chesapeake, immigrants were often single males
• The climate in New England was more hospitable, and so New Englanders tended to live longer and have larger families than Chesapeake residents
• A stronger sense of community led New Englanders to settle in large towns that were closer to one another
• Those in the Chesapeake lived in smaller, more spread-out farming communities = had tobacco has a cash crop
Similarities:Similarities: Conflict with Native AmericansConflict with Native Americans Democratic traditionsDemocratic traditions
Contrast with Virginia: Contrast with Virginia: – Different environments led to difference in Different environments led to difference in
economyeconomy– Key role of religion & family in New Key role of religion & family in New
England coloniesEngland colonies
Population Comparisons:New England v. the
Chesapeake
Population Comparisons:New England v. the
Chesapeake
• Which map is the Chesapeake?