10/30 10/31- 8 th grade agenda learning objective: learn about radioactive elements collect hw:...
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Nonmetals Many of the nonmetals are gases at room temperature (Low boiling points) Nitrogen Oxygen Carbon IodineTRANSCRIPT
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10/30 & 10/31- 8th Grade Agenda
Learning Objective: Learn about Radioactive ElementsCollect Hw: Reading & Notetaking p.81 & 82Class Reading p.158 – 163Chap 4 Study GuideHw: Reading & Notetaking: p.84 – 85Reminder: Chap 4 Test on 11/4Reminder: Elemental Super Hero Project Due:11/13 (15 Points)
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Daily Reflection• Prompt: Write 3 questions that you have
about Radioactive Elements?
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Nonmetals• Many of the nonmetals
are gases at room temperature (Low boiling points)
• Nitrogen• Oxygen• Carbon• Iodine
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What are Nonmetals Properties?
• Dull• Brittle (not malleable and not ductile)• Lower density than metals• Poor conductors of heat and electricity• More than half are gases at room
temperature
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Sharing Electrons• When nonmetals and
metals react, electrons move from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.
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Group 15 - Nitrogen Family• Nitrogen and Phosphorus are
nonmetal• Shares 3 electrons in
chemical reactions• Atmosphere is 80% Nitrogen• Nitrogen used in Fertilizer• Phosphorus is used in
matches
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Group 16 - Oxygen Family• Shares 2 electrons in
chemical reactions• Oxygen and Sulfur are
nonmetal• Oxygen is very reactive and
combine with almost every other element
• Sulfur has a rotten egg smell and is found in rubber.
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Group 17 - Halogen Family• Halogen means “Salt Forming”• Halogens are very reactive and
when uncombined, dangerous to humans
• Shares 1 electron in chemical reactions
• Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine• Fluorine is found in nonstick
cookware and in tooth paste• Chlorine is found in table salt• Bromine is used in photographic
film
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Group 18 – Noble (Inert) Gases• Does not react with other
atoms • Known as “Noble” gases
because they do not mix with other elements
• Helium are used in balloons• Neon are used to light signs
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Hydrogen• One Proton and One
electron• 90% of atoms in the
universe are hydrogen• Hydrogen differ very
much from other elements and cannot be grouped into a family
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What are Semimetals?• Metalloids have some of the
characteristics of metals and some of the characteristics of non-metal
• Silicon combines with oxygen to form sand, glass and cement
• Boron is used in some cleaning solutions
• Metalloid conducts electricity depending on temperature, exposure to light (useful in making computer chip)
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What are Diatomic Molecules ?
• When molecules contain only two atoms they are called diatomic molecules
• O2 and H2 are examples
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What is Plasma?• At the extreme
temperatures found in the sun and other stars, matter does not exist as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. Instead, it exists in a state called plasma.
• Atoms are stripped of their electrons and nuclei are packed close together
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What is Nuclear Fusion?• Atomic Nuclei combine to form a larger
nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy in the process
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What is Nuclear Fusion?• Inside of a star,
hydrogen combine to from helium
• Also used in Hydrogen Bombs
• E = mc2
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What is a Supernova?• Elements heavier than
iron is produced when the most massive star explode in a supernova explosion
• Everything in the universe including yourself is made from star dust
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What is Radioactive Decay?• The process of atomic nuclei of unstable isotopes releasing fast
moving particles and energy.
• Particles and energy produce during radioactive decay are forms of nuclear radiation
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Alpha Decay• 2 protons and 2
neutrons are lost
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Beta Decay• Neutrons breaks up
into a electron and proton.
• Electron (Beta Particle) is given off by a nucleus during radioactive decay
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Gamma Decay• Most energetic form
of light (Invisible to us) is given off during radioactive decay