2 section 1 clovis section 2 charles the hammer section 3 charlemagne
TRANSCRIPT
2
SECTION 1
Clovis
SECTION 2
Charles the Hammer
SECTION 3
Charlemagne
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Places to Locate
• Charles Martel • Pepin
• Charlemagne
• Roland
• Louis the Pious
• Paris
Terms to Learn• converted
• anointed
• counts
• lords
• serfs
• minstrels
• Clovis
People to Know
• Tours • Aachen
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Clovis• During this period, a Germanic people
called Franks, who lived along the Rhine River, began to build a new civilization.
• The Franks were divided and without a common ruler until 481, when one Frankish group chose Clovis as king.
• Clovis brought all the Franks under one rule, and part of his kingdom later became France, which took its name from the Franks.
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Clovis (cont.)
• Clovis was the first Germanic king to accept the Catholic religion when, after a battle victory, he and 3,000 of his soldiers converted, or changed religion, to Christianity.
• Before long, all the people in Clovis's kingdom practiced the same religion, spoke the same language, and felt united.
• Clovis extended his rule over what is now France and western Germany and set up his capital in Paris.
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• The Frankish kings who followed Clovis were weak rulers who divided the kingdom among their sons.
• The sons lost much of their power to local nobles, and the Franks began to accept the leadership of a government official known as the “Mayor of the Palace.”
• Charles Martel, known as “The Hammer” because of his victory at Tours, was the most powerful Mayor, and he had the support of the Church.
Charles the Hammer
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• Pepin was the first Frankish king to be anointed, or blessed with holy oil, by the Pope.
• Pepin helped the Pope by leading an army into Italy when he was threatened by a group of Germans known as Lombards.
• Pepin defeated the Lombards and gave the land they held in central Italy to the Pope, making him the political ruler of much of the Italian Peninsula.
• When Charles Martel died, his son Pepin became Mayor of the Palace.
Charles the Hammer (cont.)
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Charlemagne• When Pepin died in 768, his kingdom was
divided between his two sons. • His son Carloman died within a few years;
the other son, Charles, better known as Charlemagne (“Charles the Great”), became king of the Franks.
• One key warrior in Charlemagne’s army was a soldier called Roland.
• By 800, Charlemagne had created a large empire.
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Charlemagne (cont.)
• This empire included most of the Germanic peoples who had settled in Europe since the early 400s.
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• Both Charlemagne and the Pope wanted a new Christian Roman Empire in western Europe.
• On Christmas day in 800, the Pope declared Charlemagne as the new Roman emperor.
• Charlemagne was a wise and just ruler who issued many laws and chose officials called counts to run the courts, stop feuds, protect the poor and weak, and raise armies for Charlemagne.
A Christian Empire
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• Charlemagne ruled his empire from Aachen, but he often journeyed throughout the empire with his advisers and servants.
• Such visits ensured the loyalty of local officials and people to Charlemagne’s government.
A Christian Empire (cont.)
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• Charlemagne appreciated learning, believed in education, and was proud of his own ability to read Latin.
• As Charlemagne wanted his people to be educated, he encouraged churches and monasteries to found schools.
• One of the many tasks of the scholars was to copy manuscripts which led to the model for the lowercase letters used today.
Education
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• Descendents of Frankish warriors and Roman landowners known as lords, or nobles, were the most powerful people in Charlemagne's empire.
• Farmers lived in simple wooden houses on the estates and worked in the fields owned by the lords or on small pieces of land the lords had given them.
• The farmers gradually did more for the nobles and less for themselves, becoming serfs, or people bound to the land.
Estate Life
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• Neither the nobles nor the farmers had much time to learn to read or write or to think about religion daily.
• Both groups accepted Christianity, but the new religion had little to do with their daily lives.
• Yet, on religious holidays, both rich and poor sang, danced, feasted, and listened to traveling musicians called minstrels.
Estate Life (cont.)
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• The glory of the empire did not last long after Charlemagne's death in 814.
• Many counts and lords refused to obey Louis the Pious, Charlemagne's son.
• Louis the Pious weakened the empire further when he divided it among his three sons.
• In 843, the brothers agreed to the Treaty of Verdun.
The Collapse of the Empire
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• The brothers were weak rulers who allowed the counts and nobles to have most of the power and divided Europe again into smaller territories.
The Collapse of the Empire (cont.)