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TRANSCRIPT
A NEW WAY TO PROMOTE
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY:
A GAMIFICATION APP
Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering
Department of Civil, Constructional and Environmental Engineering
Master Degree in Transport Systems Engineering
Course of Transport Modelling and Planning
Candidate:
Eleonora Bonoli
Student Number 1331504
Advisor:
Prof. Eng. Guido Gentile
A/Y 2018/2019
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1
2. MOBILITY MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................... 4
2.1 URBAN MOBILITY ................................................................................................ 5
2.2 THE EUROPEAN LEGISLATION ......................................................................... 5
2.3 THE ITALIAN LEGISLATION .............................................................................. 6
2.4 THE HOME-TO-WORK TRAVEL PLAN .............................................................. 7
2.5 THE REPORT CSR: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ...................... 10
3. THE SOFTWARE “MOBILITY MANAGER” ........................................................... 11
3.1 THE COMPANY “MOVESION S.R.L.” ............................................................... 11
3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOFTWARE ....................................................... 12
4. THE SIMULATION MODEL ...................................................................................... 19
4.1 BASICS OF RANDOM UTILITY THEORY ........................................................ 19
4.2 THE MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL ............................................................... 21
4.2.1 DEMAND MODEL: THE MODAL CHOICE ................................................ 23
4.2.2 SPECIFICATION OF THE MODEL .............................................................. 26
4.2.3 STATED PREFERENCES METHODOLOGY .............................................. 40
5. THE GAMIFICATION ................................................................................................ 42
5.1 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION AND MOBILITY SURVEY ....................... 43
5.2 WHY USE A GAMIFICATION APP? .................................................................. 46
5.2.1 SHORT-TERM SCENARIO ........................................................................... 46
5.2.2 LONG-TERM SCENARIO ............................................................................. 47
6. THE GAMIFICATION APP FEATURES ................................................................... 49
6.1 TRACKING ............................................................................................................ 52
6.1.1 TEST ................................................................................................................ 53
6.2 MODE DETECTION ............................................................................................. 55
6.3 APP TOOLS ........................................................................................................... 58
6.3.1 SURVEYS ....................................................................................................... 58
6.3.2 ACTIVITIES .................................................................................................... 66
6.3.3 STATUS .......................................................................................................... 68
6.3.4 AWARDS ........................................................................................................ 70
6.4 PLATFORM MANAGEMENT ............................................................................. 71
6.5 BENEFITS ON EMPLOYERS’ HEALTH ............................................................ 76
7. CASE STUDY: MOBILITY ANALYSIS OF DAVINES’ EMPLOYEES IN PARMA
CITY ................................................................................................................................. 88
7.1 THE COMPANY .................................................................................................... 89
7.2 TRANSPORT ANALYSIS: SUPPLY .................................................................... 90
7.3 TRANSPORT ANALYSIS: DEMAND ................................................................. 94
7.3.1 MODAL CHOICES ......................................................................................... 95
7.3.2 CAR FOCUS ................................................................................................... 99
7.3.3 PT FOCUS ..................................................................................................... 104
7.3.4 BIKE FOCUS ................................................................................................ 107
7.4 INDICATORS AND EMISSION FACTORS ...................................................... 108
7.5 PROPENSITY TO CHANGE .............................................................................. 112
7.6 THE INTRODUCTION OF A GAMIFICATION APP ....................................... 117
8. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES ................................................. 128
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 130
ANNEX 1 – TRACKING DATA REPORT (17/10/2018) ............................................. 132
FIGURE INDEX ............................................................................................................. 172
TABLE INDEX .............................................................................................................. 174
CHART INDEX.............................................................................................................. 174
RINGRAZIAMENTI ...................................................................................................... 176
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1. INTRODUCTION
Mobility is one of the main aspects of the social system as it results in socio-
economic, global and local development. It influences both economic
growth, environmental/social policies, pollutant emissions and enhances
urban development. Stimulate sustainable mobility means increase the
potential of social, environmental and economic benefits. The transport
sector is in fact responsible for 33% of energy consumption and contributes
to climate change and pollution in urban areas.
In this scenario, public and private strategies are primary to the promotion of
sustainable mobility. In a modern context, where almost all users use
smartphones, the introduction of an App capable of encouraging to move in
ecological ways is ideal.
This thesis focuses on a Gamification App devised and developed by the
Company Movesion, where I had the opportunity to do an internship and at
the same time to personally deal with the operation and marketing of this App
in different business contexts. This App aims to change the modal split, still
car predominant, favouring public transport or better green choices (cycling
and walking). Users are encouraged to move with more sustainable transport
modes through gaming principles: the App philosophy is to assign points,
establish ranking and challenges and finally reward users according to their
behaviour.
The work is divided into six sections: first three chapters are aimed to discuss
about general concepts of Mobility Management and existing tools to analyse
and forecast mobility habits, while the second part is dedicated to both
characterization and development of a new effective strategy to obtain modal
diversion.
The topics discussed in each chapter are briefly described below.
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In the next chapter the concept of "Mobility Management" will be introduced
to understand its importance in the social and economic sphere. In the modern
age, pollution and global warming are problems that can no longer be
overlooked by national and international policies; in fact they influence the
well-being of mankind and the entire planet. Exactly for these reasons, is
fundamental to plan and set strategies aimed at reducing pollutants in the
atmosphere and in general to preserve the quality of the environment.
The third chapter describes the software Mobility Manager through which it
is possible to analyse the mobility habits through surveys and behavioural
simulations.
The fourth chapter describes the simulation model implemented in the
software, based on random utility theory: it is a Multinomial Logit Model
capable to capture relevant parameters from the questionnaire and simulate
different scenarios to improve sustainability.
The software has been then implemented and enhanced with a new
intervention strategy: a gamification App. The fifth chapter is indeed
addressed to describe the insertion of this App in Mobility Manager and in
its simulation model, since specification to calibration. Then, its capability to
address problems both in short and long period is focused in detail.
In the sixth chapter, the structure of the gamification App has been analysed
in depth to better understand its usefulness and fruition, also supported by a
real beta test on a sample of users. The main powerful tools of this App are:
launch dynamic surveys, track users, mode detection, reward system and
dynamic mobility indicators calculations. Another important feature is the
introduction of medical indicators directly connected to peoples’ mobility
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and physical activity, interesting parameters to estimate for Companies’ CSR
Report.
The case study chapter describes a business case where the survey was
administered through the Mobility Manager implemented with the new
application related to the Gamification App. The indicators of mobility at
present are described and the variation of some of them following a potential
introduction by the company of the App among the employees.
In the last chapter the potential variations of the App will be collected in a
future municipal context in which some aspects of mobility will need to be
regulated.
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2. MOBILITY MANAGEMENT
Mobility is, especially for urban centres, an essential component for the city
and it influences the functionality and life of citizens. The impacts associated
with the transport sector cause a series of non-negligible externalities:
accidents, congestion, environmental and noise pollution.
Figure 1 – Urban congestion
A reduction in externalities is achieved by green mobility, also called
sustainable mobility: the goal is to obtain an urban mobility system able to
reduce environmental, social and economic impacts generated by vehicles.
There are three types of different strategies for achieving these aims:
Strategy of concession. New services for citizens as car-sharing, car-
pooling, etc.
Strategy of restriction. Regulatory acts as Limited Traffic Zones, High
Occupancy Vehicle lanes, Road Pricing or Park Pricing.
Strategy of persuasion. Inhabitants can change the mobility habits if
know the negative effects of their choices. This is possible through
info-points, advertising and events.
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Public Administrations, companies and individual citizens to increase the
average occupancy rate of the vehicle or discourage the use of motorized
vehicles, must apply the strategies described above to reduce externalities.
The measures to achieve these strategies can be hard (for example the
construction of a new infrastructure) or soft (such as an information
campaign): mobility management uses soft measures as regards education
and awareness, participation and consultation, information advice and
marketing, planning and coordination.
2.1 URBAN MOBILITY
According to Isfort (Transportation Research Institute), commuters are
citizens who move systematically at least 4 days a week for work or study
reasons. Through periodic surveys, it is possible to study these systematic
trips and find sustainable mobility solutions to reduce the negative
externalities linked to the transport sector. For example, companies can
propose to their employees some interventions to facilitate and make more
sustainable the home-work journeys: encourage its sharing between
colleagues (carpooling), provide incentives for public transport and introduce
a shuttle service or company bus.
2.2 THE EUROPEAN LEGISLATION
In 1997, the first European conference on mobility management (ECOMM)
was founded in Amsterdam. Later, in 1999, EPOMM (European Platform on
Mobility Management) was born, first as a European project, and since 2003
as an international association. Since 1997, the ECOMM has taken place
every year, in the meantime 19 cities in 8 different countries. The main goals
of this platform are: to make mobility environmental friendly, socially just
and economical; to promote and further develop Mobility Management in
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Europe; to support Mobility Management exchange and learning between
European countries; to become the prime partner for European institutions
and national governments when seeking advice on Mobility Management.
The map below shows the member countries of EPOMM in dark orange and
partner countries where the mobility management networks are being
developed, in bright orange.
Figure 2 – Member countries of EPOMM
2.3 THE ITALIAN LEGISLATION
In Italy, the Ronchi Decree of 27/03/1998 established the importance of
mobility management. This Decree introduced the professional figure
responsible for mobility: the mobility manager. Companies with more than
300 employees per unit or with more than 800 total employees must establish
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a mobility manager. In particular we can distinguish two types of this figure:
the company mobility manager and the area mobility manager.
The Company Mobility Manager must optimize the systematic movements
of the employees. The goal is to reduce the use of private cars. Each company
must communicate the appointment of the company Mobility Manager to the
Municipality area Mobility Manager. One of the responsibilities of the
Corporate Mobility Manager is the drafting and implementation of the
"Home-Work Travel Plan" (HWTP or PSCL in Italy): a study is carried out
on the home-work journeys of the employees, including the trips, the
timetables, the used means, etc.
Afterwards, observing the results and the critical points emerged, they are
implemented actions to encourage more sustainable modes of travel and less
use of the private car.
Since 2000, the national legislation has introduced the Area Mobility
Manager, a figure supporting and coordinating corporate mobility managers.
The Area Mobility Manager must maintain the connections between the
municipal structure and local transport companies, assist companies in
drafting their home-work shift plans, collaborating in their implementation,
with technical assistance and information support to promote mobility
initiatives in the territorial area.
2.4 THE HOME-TO-WORK TRAVEL PLAN
The "Home-Work Travel Plan" is a useful tool for the Company's Mobility
Manager to identify employees’ mobility habits and plan interventions with
the aim of making sustainable mobility. In fact, according to the Ronchi
Decree, the main objective of this Plan is to improve accessibility, reduce the
use of private vehicles, limit traffic and reduce environmental impacts.
The PSCL consists of the following three main phases:
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1) The mobility manager must initially understand the mobility habits of
the workers. To collect travel data, employees and the mobility
manager complete a questionnaire. The manager's questionnaire is
useful for collecting company information (number of parking lots,
type of employee contracts, presence of a company canteen, etc.)
while the questions addressed to the worker include: work activity,
travel choices and propensity to change.
2) In the second phase, the mobility manager should establish
improvements, to reduce externalities by modifying the modal split of
employers. To make this choice he can use a transport model
implemented on a software (in the following chapters we will see the
software proposed and developed by "Movesion srl" called "Mobility
Manager"), as a logit model able to simulate changes in the decisions
of the user when some attributes and parameters change. This tool is
fundamental for the mobility manager to make the most appropriate
choice and optimize the technical and organizational interventions.
EPOMM has published a list of interventions that could lead to
important results, depending on the context. Some of these measures
are:
Promotion actions
Car parking management
Car pooling
Car sharing
Eco-driving
Flexible working hours
Improvements for public transport accessibility
Park and ride
Personalized travel assistance
Telework
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Van pooling
Figure 3 – Exemple of interchange parking for park and ride
3) After the implementation of the measures, the monitoring phase
begins. This phase is important because this document needs to be
updated every year, showing the differences resulting from the
implementations and possibly confirming the expected results from
the simulation.
In conclusion, implementation strategies are more effective if the Company
Mobility Manager has:
- A software tool that provides detailed information also through the mobility
indicators.
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- Incentives of the Municipality and the Ministry of the Environment.
Companies do not consider employer mobility as a central problem and do
not allocate a high budget for improvement. Coordination and
communication activities are fundamental for the area mobility manager.
2.5 THE REPORT CSR: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
With the Decree of 30 December 2016, the Company is required to provide
a declaration on their impact on the external environment, which must be
presented to a Board of Directors and approved. Finally, the document must
be verified by an external auditor and published in a business register. The
principle is that we can not simply analyse the costs and revenues of a
company, but we must consider that every company is located in a territory,
so we should analyse the influence on all the parties involved. With a view
of systemic mobility, we can consider the economic, social and
environmental impacts on: employees, communities and, of course,
companies.
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3. THE SOFTWARE “MOBILITY MANAGER”
The company "Movesion s.r.l." has developed a software called "Mobility
Manager". This tool uses a mathematical model to simulate worker choices
and compare mobility indicators for different scenarios. It’ s a very useful
software for the responsible for the company's mobility to produce the
"home-work trip plan" and to suggest the most appropriate mobility solutions
to reduce the impact on the environment and other externalities, with a view
to improve environmental sustainability and social responsibility of
companies.
3.1 THE COMPANY “MOVESION S.R.L.”
The company "Movesion s.r.l." was founded in 2014 as an innovative start
up and is now a transport engineering company working in the field of
sustainable mobility and corporate welfare, mainly developing useful
software for the activity of the mobility manager. The company is now active
internationally with 3 offices: Rome, Switzerland and Luxembourg. The
company's "core business" is the development and commercialization of
software tools aimed at planning and managing the systematic mobility of
commuters with ideas and principles of sustainability in urban areas.
Figure 4 – Movesion logo
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3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOFTWARE
The analysis of the company's systematic mobility can be performed through
the following basic steps:
1) The Mobility Manager opens the survey through the specific control panel.
Using this tool, you can name the survey and set the dates beginning and end.
Figure 5 – Control panel
2) The Mobility Manager has the task to fill in his own questionnaire. By
completing the questionnaire, we have a description of the company's
characteristics in terms of mobility: number of workers, type of contracts,
working hours, number of car parking spaces, company canteen, closets and
changing rooms, company machines, software to manage carpooling,
company bicycles, etc.
Figure 6 – MM’s questionnaire
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Figure 7 – MM’s questionnaire
Figure 8 – MM’s questionnaire
Figure 9 – MM’s questionnaire
14
3) After completing the questionnaire, the Mobility Manager must send their
questionnaire to all employees. Through their answers, the current condition
is declared and it is understood if implementations to the transport offer are
necessary. The questionnaires are particularly useful to highlight the different
problems that employees face systematically on the journey home-work. A
section is based on the propensity to change the mobility habits of employees:
if and under what conditions employees are willing to do so change their
modal choice (from the private car to the most sustainable one alternatives).
Obviously, a full cooperation and honest answers (not underestimate the
completion of the survey) is crucial for observe a scenario that represents
reality and decide (if necessary) technical interventions.
The sections of the employee questionnaire are: personal details, type of
contract, occupation, trip choices, your journey between home and work,
your private vehicles, trip preferences, alternatives and opinion.
Figure 10 – Employees’ questionnaire
4) Now, through the control panel, the Mobility Manager can check the
general conditions of the survey in real time. Thanks to a specific tool, it is
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possible to check the completed questionnaires comprehensively with respect
to the total number of employees.
Figure 11 – State of the survey
Then the Mobility Manager can send a message to the employees who have
not yet replied to the questionnaire, to try to achieve a 60-70% degree of
compliance.
Figure 12 – Contact form
5) Once the survey is complete, the Mobility Manager software collects a
series of data in terms of employee habits, indicators of mobility, graphs and
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a general excel file (survey report) that can be downloaded. The most
important indicators provided by the software are:
Indicators of mobility (or transport): modal split, total kilometres
covered, average travel time.
Environmental indicators: annual CO2 emissions, PM10, CO, NOX
and so on. To calculate the environmental indicators, the "Mobility
Manager" software uses the "Copert IV" method (COmputer Program
to calculate Emissions from the Road Traffic) and therefore the
emission factors expressed in g/km are obtained by combining Copert
data with also ACI data for North, Central and Southern Italy.
Indicators of willingness to change (propensity for change mobility
habits to reach the workplace).
Indicators of judgment (as an employee perceives the mobility and
travel from home to the workplace).
Mobility Manager can view all data in PDF or Excel format. It is possible to
obtain aggregated or disaggregated data.
Figure 13 – Surveys’ report
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Figure 14 – Exemple of modal split
6) The Map Tool is a very useful function. Every user (anonymously) is
represented on the map according to his domicile. This tool helps to
understand the dynamics of mobility that characterize the companies and that
concern employees. On the map, you can select different filters and observe
the correspondence between cartographic data and indicators or responses of
employees.
The Map tool is advantageous, for example, to study the possibility of
carpooling among employees: if the propensity to carpooling is high but
workers do not live in the same geographical areas it is difficult to use; if the
employees live in the same areas of the city, carpooling is an excellent
mobility solution.
Figure 15 – Map tool with the modal split
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7) Finally, Mobility Manager exploit the balance sheet tool, fundamental to:
Estimate (in monetary terms) the impacts of the mobility on the
company's stakeholders: employees, Community and Company (used
to prepare the company CSR report);
Simulate future interventions after analysing all the mobility
indicators and impacts generated by the systematic mobility of
workers.
Figure 16 – Example of balance sheet tool
Figure 17 – Interventions in Mobility Manager
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4. THE SIMULATION MODEL
The employees moving among the home-office paths with different means
of transport generate flows and so different related impacts on the territory.
This flow is made up of the set of individual journeys linked to mobility
choices. We are interested in systematic choices, which are carried out daily.
Daily decisions include for instance the choice of the mean of transport and
the starting time. These decisions can change and depend on the utility that
the user perceives in each alternatives.
The simulation model, implemented in the Mobility Manager software, is
able to simulate changes in mobility choices for different scenarios (and
habits) of employees, thanks to incentives and interventions capable to
modify the choice set and the attributes related to it (like a new carpooling
software, a monetary incentive for public transport tickets, etc ...).
4.1 BASICS OF RANDOM UTILITY THEORY
The Mobility manager software uses the Multinomial Logistics Model in
which the alternatives are the different modes of transport available to the
company employees.
This model is part of the "Random Utility Models" family, which aims to
represent human reality and behaviour as faithfully as possible. These models
must first be specified: the modeller must first decide which aspects of reality
to include in the model then the model must be calibrated and validated.
Random utility models are based on the idea that:
• each alternative has a different utility (or disutility) that can be
calculated;
• users are rational and well informed on the available alternatives;
• a person who has to choose between a discrete number of alternatives
will choose the one with the higher utility.
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Let us consider a rational individual "u" who chooses one alternative "k" in
a deterministic way, within a set of discrete "Ku" choices that maximizes
one's own perceived utility. Each user associates to each alternative: a
perceived utility or attractiveness "𝑈𝑘𝑢" and select the alternative that
maximizes this utility.
The perceived utility 𝑈𝑘𝑢 associated with each discrete alternative 𝑘 ∈ 𝐾u is
typically a function of objective attributes related to the service level (e.g.
travel times, fares and transfers) and socio-economic characteristics of the
individual (e.g. level of income, gender and age). It is also assumed that the
analyst, who is only an external observer without perfect information, is able
to define / observe a systematic 𝑉𝑘𝑢 utility. Therefore, it is necessary associate
an error term ε𝑘𝑢 to each alternative:
𝑈𝑘𝑢 = 𝑉𝑘
𝑢 + ε𝑘𝑢
As the individual is assumed rational, alternative k will only be chosen if
𝑈𝑢𝑘 ≥ 𝑈𝑢ℎ for all alternatives h that belong to 𝐾u. Therefore, as the analyst
can only observe the systematic utility, only a choice probability can be
obtained. This probability 𝑝𝑢𝑘 depends on the distribution of the error terms
ε𝑢ℎ: different assumptions regarding the distribution of the error terms will
result in different discrete choice models, yielding the following probability
for choosing alternative k over all other h-alternatives:
𝑝𝑢𝑘 = Pr ( 𝑈𝑘𝑢 > 𝑈ℎ
𝑢 )
or
𝑝𝑢𝑘 = Pr ( 𝑉𝑘𝑢 + 𝜀𝑘
𝑢 > 𝑉ℎ𝑢 + 𝜀ℎ
𝑢 )
The systematic utility is proposed to be a weighted sum of the different
attributes that influence the decisions of travellers.
Let us denote the different attributes values by “𝑎𝑢𝑘𝑐" where “c” represents
a particular attribute. In this way the systematic utility V can be expressed by
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the following equation where 𝛽𝑐 are the parameters (to be estimated) relative
to each single attribute:
𝑉𝑢𝑘 = ∑ 𝛽𝐶 ∙ 𝑎𝑢𝑘𝐶
𝐶
So, the probability of choosing an alternative k (mode of transport, a certain
route, etc.) depends on:
The level of service of each alternative (LoS) measured through 𝑎𝑢𝑘𝑐
attributes;
The parameters 𝛽𝑐;
The assumptions regarding the distribution of the error terms 𝜀𝑘𝑢.
4.2 THE MULTINOMIAL LOGIT MODEL
The multinomial logit model (MNL) is based on the assumption that the
Random residuals 𝜀𝑘 are independently and identically distributed (I.I.D.) as
Gumble random variables with zero mean and scale parameter θ for all
alternatives.
The MNL is a model having a simple analytic formula expressed in a closed
form, but has a huge limit: the independence from irrelevant alternatives
(I.I.A.).
While the variance of the residual term (error) can be calculated with the
following formula, the covariance between any pair of residuals is zero:
𝑉𝑎𝑟 (𝜀𝑘) = 𝜎𝜀2 =
𝜋2
6 ∙ 𝜃2
𝐶𝑜𝑣 (𝜀𝑘 , 𝜀ℎ) = 0
This characteristic highlights the IIA’s limit, in fact if we have two different
alternatives k and h, the MNL cannot perceive similarities (higher the
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covariance, higher the similarity’s perception) between them, as overlapping
common paths evaluating two different bus lines in the mode choice.
Being Σ the variance-covariance matrix, it simply is:
Figure 188 – Variance-Covariance matrix in MNL
In applications, the multinomial logit model should be used with choice
alternatives that are sufficiently distinct for the assumption of independent
random residuals to be plausible.
Under the assumptions made, the probability of choosing alternative k from
among those available (h = 1,2,3, … n) ∈ K, can be calculated with this
simple closed form:
𝑝𝑘 = exp (
𝑉𝑘
𝜃)
∑ exp (𝑉ℎ
𝜃)ℎ𝜖𝐾
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4.2.1 DEMAND MODEL: THE MODAL CHOICE
We want to analyse the systemic home-work mobility. We introduce, below,
some concepts of transport demand.
Figure 19 – 4 Step Model
Being:
s Trip purpose
h The time period
m The mode or sequence of modes
k The path
i The user
o , d Zones of trip origin and destination
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The demand flow can be expressed according to the transport level of service
attributes (T) and socio-economic variables (SE):
𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑖 [𝑠, ℎ, 𝑚, 𝑘] = 𝑑(𝑆𝐸, 𝑇)
It is preferable to "decompose" the global demand function in a product of
four sub-models, each of which refers to one or more chosen dimensions. The
most used sequence is the 4-phase model:
𝑑𝑜𝑑𝑖 [𝑠, ℎ, 𝑚, 𝑘] = 𝑑𝑜
𝑖 [𝑠ℎ] ∙ 𝑝𝑖[𝑑/𝑜𝑠ℎ] ∙ 𝑝𝑖[𝑚/𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑑] ∙ 𝑝𝑖[𝑘/𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑑𝑚]
Where:
𝑑𝑜𝑖 [𝑠ℎ] Is the number of users in class i who, from origin zone
o, make a journey for purpose s in the time period h.
𝑝𝑖[𝑑/𝑜𝑠ℎ] Is the fraction of users in class i who, undertaking a trip
from origin zone o, for purpose s in period h, travel to
destination zone d.
𝑝𝑖[𝑚/𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑑] Is the mode choice or mode split model, which gives the
fraction of users in class i who, traveling between zones
o and d for purpose s in period h, use mode m.
𝑝𝑖[𝑘/𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑑𝑚] Is the fraction of users in class i who, traveling between
zones o and d for purpose s in period h by mode m, use
path k.
Our interest is on modal subdivision to analyse:
• In the current scenario, which mode of transport is chosen to reach the
workplace (by means of a questionnaire).
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• In the simulated scenario (after one or more implementations) how the
modal split will change with more sustainable ways.
The Mode choice model anticipates the fraction (or probability) 𝑝𝑖[𝑚 𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑑⁄ ]
that the users of class i select mode m to move from the zone o to the zone d
for the purposes of the trip s in time period h. To apply this model it is
necessary to follow the points:
1. Initially we must identify the relevant alternatives, which for the home
to work trip can be: private car, motorbike, subway / LTR, train, bus,
tram, etc. The definition of the choice set of each decision-maker is
particularly important for the mode choice models: not all modes of
transport are available for all journeys.
2. Then we have to define the functional form of the simulation model:
the multinomial logit model is good to use to simulate this kind of
choices.
The systematic utility features of choice models include:
- Level-of-service attributes (T): LoS or Performance attributes
describe the characteristics of the service offered by the
specific mode and have negative coefficients because they
represent disutilities for the user.
- Socio-economic attributes (SE): include the characteristics of
the decision maker such as gender, age, family income,
ownership and availability of cars, driving license and so on.
The systematic utility function may include Alternative Specific Constants
(ASCs) or modal preference attributes and their coefficients may have a
positive or negative sign.
The multinomial logit mode choice model are often used, as we have already
introduced:
𝑝𝑖[𝑚 𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑑] =exp(𝑉𝑚 𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑑⁄
𝑖 )
∑ exp (𝑉𝑚′ 𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑑⁄𝑖 )𝑚′
⁄
26
The MNL model is a homoscedastic model with null covariance between
alternatives and so no similarities and correlations can be detected in the
simulation. These models assume different levels of correlation between the
perceived utilities of different mode groups, for example, private and public
modes.
4.2.2 SPECIFICATION OF THE MODEL
The general formula of the systematic utility function is:
𝑉𝑢𝑘 = ∑ 𝛽𝑐 ∙ 𝑎𝑢𝑘𝑐
𝑐
The model is shown in the following table:
27
Figure 20 – Mobility Manager’s Simulation Model
In the table, we have: in the first column all the coefficients (β) of the model,
while in the first line all the different alternatives available to the employees
(transport mode) and all the other elements are the attributes of the model.
Their position in the table indicates the coefficient and the alternative to
which they are related.
C OEF B C T PED TR A PA R C PD C PP C LT
bSAM REV USAM BCT USAM PED USAM TRA USAM PAR USAM CPD USAM CPP USAM CLT
bFEACHO UFETBCT UFETPED UFETTRA UFETPAR UFETCPD UFETCPP UFETCLT
bM CTASA
bBCTASA ONEASA
bPEDASA ONEASA
bTRAASA ONEASA
bPARASA ONEASA
bCPDASA ONEASA
bCPPASA ONEASA
bCLTASA ONEASA
bBIKEW UEWOM N
bCARW UEWOM N
bBIKEY UEYONG
bCARY UEYONG
bWRKTP UM NGR
bFM LY UFM LY
bM INOR UFM LM NA
bFLXCR UFLXBL
bFLXM C
bNONAVL UBKAVIL UWLKAVIL UTRAAVIL UPARAVIL UCARAVIL UCARAVIL
bEAVL UEBKAVIL
bM CTDIS
Bbctdis UBKDIST
bPEDDIS UWLKDIST
bHOM STD UHSDIST
bHOSTDC UHSDISTC
bCARPTM
bCARTIM CARDIS
bCPTIM CARDIS
bCPPTIM CARDIS
bTRATIM UPUTRTIM E
bPARTIM UPUTRTIM E
bTRANS UTRNCH
bCST UCSTPT UCSTPT UCSTPCAPO UCSTPCAPO UCSTCAR
bNRNPLW UNRNPLW
bSCRPRK UCOPRKBK
bPARSAT UTPSATS
bTPTSAT UTPSATS
bPARLOT PARLOT
bSFTBKL SFTBKL
bCAPRK UCCPPAR UCCRPAR
bWTRVEH UWTRVEHC UWTRVEHC UWTRVEHC UWTRVEHC UWTRVEHC
bWTREVEH UWTREVEH UWTREVEH UWTREVEH UWTREVEH UWTREVEH
bWTREBK UWTREBK UWTREBK UWTREBK UWTREBK UWTREBK
bDRERM S DRERM S
bSHWERS SHWERS
bGRABAK UGRABACK UGRABACK UGRABACK UGRABACK UGRABACK
bCPOINF UCPOINF UCPOINF
bLUNBRK ULNBREK ULNBREK
bACCSTP UACSTOP
bGENSTP UGNSTOP
bSCNTU SCNTU SCNTU
bBKCO UBKCO
bEQUP UEQUP
bSTLN USTLN
UACSTOP
UGNSTOP UGNSTOP
ULNBREK ULNBREK
UCCRPAR
UCOPRKM C
CARDIS
UCSTCAR
CARDIS
C PT M C T
USAM CPT USAM M CT
UFETCPT UFETM CT
ONEASA
UEYONG
UM NGR
UEWOM N
UEWOM N
UEYONG
UFM LY
UCARAVIL UM CAVIL
UFM LM NA
UFLXBL
28
The estimation of the model attributes is possible from the information of the
answers to the questionnaire. The higher the response rate, the greater the
calibration precision of the coefficients.
The different mobility alternatives that workers have theoretically and the
model can simulate are:
• Car during peak hour (CPT)
• Car during low hour (CLT)
• Motorcycle/scooter (MCT)
• Bicycle (BCT)
• Walking (PED)
• Public transport (TRA)
• Park and ride (PAR)
• Car-pooling as a driver (CPD)
• Car-pooling as a passenger (CPP)
The different attributes can be divided into 6 different categories:
1) Level of Service attributes: the attributes of Level of Service are those
specific attributes that take into account the influence that the level of service
offered has in the phase of choice of the individual alternatives.
• CARDIS is equal to the home-to-work travel distance and is
calculated knowing the residence address of the user and the address of the
site at which he works. This attribute is included in the utility functions of
the following alternatives: car during peak hour, car during low hour,
carpooling as a driver and carpooling as a passenger. For each of these
alternatives, CARDIS is multiplied by a different coefficient, bCARPTM for
car during peak hour, bCARTIM for car during low hour, bCPTIM for
carpooling as a driver and bCPPTIM for carpooling as a passenger, in order
to take into account the different influence that the home-to-work travel
distance can have in choosing these three options.
29
• UBKDIST is very similar to CARDIS, with the only difference that it
is equal to 0 when bicycle is not an available alternative (see “Non-
availability attributes”). The reason why it has been decided to create this
different attribute and not to use CARDIS also for the “bike” alternative is
because, with this logic, during the calibration the negativity of this
alternative when the distance is too much to be covered by bicycle is taken
by the non availability attribute and not by the distance attribute. As
anticipated, this attribute is included in the utility function of the bike
alternative and it is multiplied by the coefficient named bBCTDIS.
• UWLKDIST has the same logic of UBKDIST, with the only
difference that, as it refers to the walking alternative, the limit distance for
which going by foot is considered available is lower. The coefficient by
which this attribute is multiplied is named bPEDDIS.
• UHSDIST is equal to the distance from home to the nearest bus stop
if the person reaches it by walking; it is equal to 0 otherwise. This attribute
is included in the public transport utility function and it is multiplied with the
coefficient named bHOMSTD.
• UHSDISTC is equal to the distance from home to the nearest bus stop
if the person reaches it using a private mean of transport; it is equal to 0
otherwise. This attribute is included in the park and ride utility function and
it is multiplied by the coefficient named bHOSTDC.
• UPUTRTIME is equal to the home-to-work travel time using public
transport. This attribute is included in the utility functions of the public
transport and park and ride alternatives, but, for each of these, it is multiplied
by a different coefficient: bTRATIM for public transport and bPARTIM for
park and ride. The reason of this choice is that it is assumed that travel time
has a different influence when choosing public transport and when choosing
park and ride.
30
• UTRNCH is equal to the number of necessary transfers to reach the
site by public transport. This attribute is included in the utility function of
public transport alternative, multiplied by bTRANS.
• UCSTCAR is equal to the cost that the employee pays or would pay
to park his car near the site. The reason why this attribute does not include
the total amount of money that the employee pays or would pay to arrive at
work by car is because the latter cost is divided into two parts: the parking
fee, taken into account by UCSTCAR, and a cost that is proportional to the
distance and, as a consequence, indirectly taken into account by the attribute
CARDIS. This attribute is included in the utility functions of the two car
alternatives, and it is multiplied by bCST in both cases.
• UCSTPT is equal to the cost that the employee pays or would pay to
go to work by public transport; it is included in the utility functions of public
transport and park and ride alternatives, always multiplied by the mentioned
bCST coefficient.
• UCSTPCAPO is equal to the fee that car pooling crews should pay to
park the car in the company parking, if the latter is accessible by the
employee; the attribute is equal to the cost for parking the car outside the
company car parking otherwise. This attribute is included in the utility
functions of the two car pooling alternatives and, in both cases, it is
multiplied by the mentioned bCST coefficient.
• UNRNPLW is an attribute that takes into account if the person lives
near the place of work (in this case its value is 1), and it is included in the
utility function of car pooling as a passenger, multiplied by bNRNPLW; the
reason why this attribute has been introduced is because people who live near
31
the place of work have a bigger probability to find someone who goes
through the place where they live and who can share his car with them.
• UTPSATS corresponds to the person’s level of satisfaction with
public transport: bigger is the value and higher is the satisfaction. This
attribute is included in the utility function of public transport and park and
ride alternatives, but it is multiplied by two different coefficients in the two
cases: bPARSAT for park and ride, and bTPTSAT for public transport.
• PARLOT is equal to 1 if there are car parks at the main public
transport stops which can be used to arrive at the site without transfers; it is
included in the utility function of the park and ride alternative and it is
multiplied by the coefficient named bPARLOT.
• SFTBKL is equal to 1 if there are safety bike lanes that arrive at the
site where the person works. This attribute is included in the utility function
of the bike alternative, where it is multiplied by bSFTBKL coefficient.
2) Socio-Economic attributes:
The socio-economic attributes are the type of attributes connected to the
social and economic aspects that influence the employees in the decision-
making process.
• UMNGR is the third socio-economic attribute of the model, and it
takes into account the role of that person in the company; in particular, if the
interviewed is a manager, the value of the attribute is 1. This attribute is
included in the utility functions of the two car alternatives multiplied by
bWRKTP, because it is expected that a manager tends to use a car to go to
work.
• UEWOMN is the first and classical socio-economic attribute and it
takes into account if the interviewed person is a woman; in particular its value
is 1 if the person belongs to the female gender and 0 if belongs to the male
32
one. This attribute can be found, multiplied by bBIKEW, in the utility
function of motorcycle and bicycle alternatives, and, multiplied by bCARW,
in the utility function of the two car alternatives. The reason why it has been
decided to create two different coefficients is because it is expected that
women tend to choose the car rather than the motorcycle or the bike.
• UEYONG considers if that specific person is young or not; in
particular, if the person is less than 40 years old, he is considered young and
the attribute’s value is 1. This attribute can be found, multiplied by bBIKEY,
in the utility function of motorcycle and bicycle alternatives, and, multiplied
by bCARY, in the utility function of the two car alternatives. The reason why
it has been decided to create two different coefficients is because it is
expected young people tend to choose a bike or a motorcycle to go to work
rather than a car.
• UACSTOPS is equal to 1 if the person needs to stop off during the
home-to-work trip for taking children to school or other family business. This
attribute is included, multiplied by the bACCSTP coefficient, in the utility
function of the two car alternatives: it is expected that employees who need
to take children to school or other family’s members elsewhere tend to go to
work by car.
• UGENSTOP is equal to 1 if the person needs to stop off during the
home-to-work trip for reasons different from taking children to school or
other family business. This attribute is included, multiplied by the bGENSTP
coefficient, in the utility function of the two car alternatives and of
motorcycle: it is expected that employees who need to stop off during the
home-to-work trip for reasons different from taking family’s members where
they have to go tend to go to work by car or by motorcycle.
• UMNGR is the third socio-economic attribute of the model, and it
takes into account the role of that person in the company; in particular, if the
33
interviewed is a manager, the value of the attribute is 1. This attribute is
included in the utility functions of the two car alternatives multiplied by
bWRKTP, because it is expected that a manager tends to use a car to go to
work.
• UFMLY takes into account if the person is the only member of the
family, situation in which the value of the attribute is 1. This attribute is
included in the utility function of the two car alternative and it is multiplied
by the bFMLY coefficient.
• UFMLMNA is a socio-economic attribute too, and its value is equal
to 1 if there is at least one member of the interviewed person’s family who is
not autonomous in his movements. This attribute is included in the utility
function of the two car alternatives and it is multiplied by the bMINOR
coefficient.
• UFLXBL is an attribute that takes into account the flexibility that the
considered person has in his starting working time; in particular, it is equal
to 1 if the considered person has a flexibility on the starting working time of
two or more hours, 0.5 if the flexibility that he has is of just one hour, 0.25 if
the flexibility is of half an hour and, finally, 0 if the working time is strict.
This attribute is included in the utility function of car during low hour,
multiplied by bFLXCR, and in the utility function of motorcycle, multiplied
by bFLXMC.
• ULNBREK is equal to 1 if the person has to return home or to conduct
activities which require the use of a private mean of transport during lunch
break. This attribute, always multiplied by bLUNBRK, is included in the
utility functions of car during peak hour, car during low hour, motorcycle and
car-pooling as a driver: the idea is that if a person has to move during the
lunch break, the same person would be inclined to choose the alternatives
that let him have a private mean of transport available at the site of work.
34
3) Choice attributes:
These attributes are those related with the choices made by the employees
interviewed.
This category includes all of the attributes of the second row of the table:
USAMCPT, USAMMCT, USAMBCT, USAMPED, USAMTRA,
USAMPAR, USAMCPD, USAMCPP and USAMCLT.
These attributes usually have a value of 0, and are connected with the theory
of stated preferences, that will be treated in one of the next paragraphs.
The coefficient by which all of these attributes are multiplied is the same for
each alternative and is named bSAMREV.
In the third row of the table contains additional attributes of the choice:
UFETCPT, UFETMCT, UFETBCT, UFETPED, UFETTRA, UFETPAR,
UFETCPD, UFETCPP, UFETCLT.
The generic attribute UFET- assumes different scores depending on how
much individual priorities match with the reasons identified as those that lead
to choose the specific alternative.
In the following table is shown how they are related to the mode of transport
and the reasons that lead a person to choose one in particular.
CPT MCT BCT PED TRA PAR CPD CPP CLT
Security x x x x x
Health x x x x
Comfort x x x
People’s driving x x x
Autonomy x x x x
35
Lack of efficient
alternatives x x x
Inefficient
public
transport
x x x x x x
Non work
related
activities
x x x x
Lack of cycle
paths x x x x
Least stressful
option x x x x x
Travel time x x x x
Environmental
impact x x x x x x
Difficulty of
parking x x x x
Cost x x x x x
Table 1 – Choice Attributes and Priorities
The last “choice attributes” is ONEASA, it assumes always value equal to 1.
This attribute is included in the utility function of all the alternatives except
for the alternative “car during peak hour”, and is multiplied by a coefficient
different for each of these alternatives.
4) No-Availability attributes:
This category of attributes is extremely important because they take into
account if a specific alternative travel is available or not for an employee.
36
Below we proceed to the description of the main attributes of Availability in
the template:
• UCARAVIL takes into account if the person has a car that is available
for his home-to-work trip; in that case the value of this attribute is 0,
otherwise is 1.
• UMCAVIL takes into account if the person has a motorcycle that is
available for his home-to-work trip; in this case, the attribute is equal to 0.
• UBKAVIL takes into account if the person lives near enough to the
site to reach it by bike; in this case, the value of this attribute is 0, otherwise
is 1.
• UWLKAVIL takes into account if the person lives near enough to the
site to reach it by walking; in this case, this attribute is equal to 0, otherwise
to 1.
• UTRAAVIL is equal to 0 (public transport is available) if the
interviewed person arrives or would arrive at the nearest public transport stop
by walking; if it is not the case, the value of this attribute would be 1.
• UPARAVIL is equal to 1 (park and ride is not available) if the
interviewed person arrives or would arrive at the nearest public transport stop
by walking; if the person uses or would use a private
mean of transport (car, motorcycle or bike), park and ride would be available.
All of the attributes listed above are multiplied with the same factor called
bNONAVL.
In the model there is an additional attribute of availability: UEBKAVIL. This
attribute differs from the previous ones because it is equal to the cost of an
electric bicycle, which is refunded by the company of the employee if the
distance travelled in the journey to and from work is such as to allow the
employee to use an electric bicycle.
37
If not, the value of this attribute is equal to 0. The attribute UEBKAVIL is
multiplied by the coefficient bEAVL and is included in the utility function of
the alternative modal “bicycle”.
5) Parking attributes:
The attributes of this category take into account the supply in relation to the
availability or otherwise of parking spaces.
• UCCRPAR takes into account if the person can access the company
parking with the car and it is included in the utility functions of the two car
alternatives.
• UCCPPAR takes into account if the person can access the company
parking as part of a car-pooling crew and it is included in the utility function
of the car-pooling as a driver alternative.
• UCOPRKMC takes into account if the person can access the company
parking with a motorcycle, and it is included in the utility function of the
motorcycle alternative.
• UCOPRKBK takes into account if the person can access the company
parking with a bike, and it is included in the utility function of the bicycle
alternative.
UCCRPAR e UCCPPAR are multiplied by the same coefficient, bCAPRK,
because it is assumed that the positive influence that the possibility of leaving
the car in the company parking is the same in choosing car-pooling as a
driver, car during peak hour and car during low hour. Similarly,
UCOPRKMC and UCOPRKBK are multiplied by the same coefficient,
bSCRPRK, because it is assumed that the positive influence that the
possibility of leaving the motorcycle or the bike in the company parking is
the same in choosing bicycle and motorcycle.
38
6) Additional service attributes:
The additional attributes to take into account the given offer in terms of
services for the parking.
Here the main attributes are presented:
• UWTREBK is equal to the ratio between the number of electric
company bikes available for people who work at the site and the number of
employee of the site. This attribute is always multiplied by the same
coefficient, bWTREBK, and it is included in the utility functions of five
alternatives: bicycle, walking, public transport, park and ride and car pooling
as a passenger.
• DRERMS is equal to 1 if employees are provided with locker rooms,
and it is included, multiplied by bDRERMS, in the utility function of the bike
alternative.
• SHWERS is equal to 1 if there are showers at the site that can be used
by employees, and it is included, multiplied by bSHWERS, in the utility
function of the bike alternative.
• UGRABACK is equal to 1 if there is a plan in place to ensure
employees at the site can get home quickly in case of emergency. This
attribute is always multiplied by the same coefficient, bGRABAK, and it is
included in the utility functions of five alternatives: bicycle, walking, public
transport, park and ride and car-pooling as a passenger.
• UWTRVEHC is equal to the ratio between the number of traditional
company cars available for people who work at the site and the number of
employees of the site. This attribute is always multiplied by the same
coefficient, bWTRVEH, and it is included in the utility functions of five
alternatives: bicycle, walking, public transport, park and ride and car-pooling
as a passenger.
39
• UWTREVEH is equal to the ratio between the number of electric
company cars available for people who work at the site and the number of
employees of the site. This attribute is always multiplied by the same
coefficient, bWTREVEH, and it is included in the utility functions of five
alternatives: bicycle, walking, public transport, park and ride and car-pooling
as a passenger.
• UCPOINF is equal to 1 if there is an IT system that puts in contact
people who take the same route at the same time. This attribute is always
multiplied by the same coefficient, bCPOINF, and it is included in the utility
functions of the two car-pooling alternatives.
• SCNTU is equal to 1 if the company provides the employee with a
discount to acquire the annual pass to public transport. This attribute is
always multiplied by the same coefficient, bSCNTU, and it is included in the
utility functions of public transport and park and ride alternatives.
• UBKCO is equal to 1 if the company provides the employee with a
traditional bicycle, and it is included, multiplied by bBKCO, in the utility
function of the bike alternative.
• UEQUP is equal to 1 if the company provides the employee with a
discount to acquire the outfitting useful to arrive at work by bicycle, and it is
included, multiplied by bEQUP, in the utility function of the bike alternative.
• USTLN is equal to 1 if the company provides the employee with a
discount for acquiring an insurance policy for the bike, and it is included,
multiplied by bSTLN, in the utility function of the bike alternative.
40
4.2.3 STATED PREFERENCES METHODOLOGY
One of the main tools of the Mobility Manager software is the questionnaire
provided to employees, from which we have a disaggregated estimate of the
demand. The surveys used to collect basic information are of two different
classes: surveys on actual travel behaviour in a real context (Revealed
Preference or RP surveys) or investigations on hypothetical travel behaviour
in fictitious scenarios (static preferences or SP surveys).
Stated Preferences Methodology is fundamental to calibrate models that take
into account even non-concrete situations and is the most appropriate in our
case in which we also analyse the propensity of users to change modes of
transport in the face of interventions and incentives (fictitious scenario).
With reference to the model of the previous paragraph, it could be possible
that one or more attributes, in particular related to the supply, are equal to 0
for all the people interviewed because this service / structure is not provided
at all. To overcome this problem, non-real scenarios are presented to the
interviewed user, who must identify the alternative he would choose in the
indicated situation. Thus, we can have two different types of answers for the
same person:
- The preference revealed at present;
- The declared preference that will choose in the new scenario presented.
A problem that can occur with this methodology is that people tend to
confirm the current choice when a stated situation is presented to them and
to avoid this problem, a “confirmation” attribute has to be introduced in the
model for each alternative. This kind of attribute is always equal to 0 if the
record comes from a revealed preference, while, if the record comes from a
stated preference in which the person has chosen the same alternative used at
the current situation, the confirmation attribute associated to the mode of
transport currently used is equal to 1. In the model that has been specified in
41
the previous paragraph, the confirmation attributes, one for each alternative,
are USAMCPT, USAMMCT, USAMBCT, USAMPED, USAMTRA,
USAMPAR, USAMCPD, USAMCPP E USAMCLT.
Another problem of the stated preferences methodology is that the value of
the parameter θ is different if you are referring to real-world scenarios or
fictitious. To overcome this kind of problem, when the calibration of the
model is realised taking into account both types of scenario (real and
fictional) it is necessary to introduce a scale parameter, with the purpose of
considering this difference. The scale parameter is multiplied by all the
coefficients when the data comes from the stated preferences.
42
5. THE GAMIFICATION
In this thesis work, the software “mobility manager” has been implemented
with a new simulation intervention: the new strategy, included among those
already existing (incentive for public transport, carpooling software, etc.),
consists in a gamification app that aims to change mobility habits of
employees by means of awards and rankings.
This gamification app has been designed to concretely change the way
employees move and at the same time provide the company with huge
information to promote long-term actions. This application, in line with the
principles of environmental, economic and social sustainability, encourages
through a reward system the use of more sustainable transport alternatives.
Urban mobility is a topic increasingly important for public institutions and
private companies. Its better organization can lead to less externalities in
urban areas as pollution and congestion. Private companies generate a huge
amount of systematic movements along the home-office path and their goal
could be to generate a modal shift of employees from private motorized
vehicles (cars and motorbikes) to more sustainable one (walking, cycling,
PT, etc.).
Users’ propensity to use new means of transport could be very low and
company mobility managers can offer them incentives to promote
sustainability.
Instead of using traditional incentives as discounts and vouchers,
gamification is a new strategy to promote sustainability where employees are
encouraged to do more physical activity and use transit transport system
thanks to a system of ranking, challenges and rewards.
43
5.1 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION AND MOBILITY SURVEY
As seen in Chapters 3 and 4, the availability of new alternatives can be
simulated through a logit model calibrated with maximum likelihood
method. Our approach consists to implement the current survey proposed by
the software “Mobility Manager” with two innovative questions dedicated to
gamification:
If the company provided you with a gamification app to reward your
sustainable behaviours (walk, bike, public transport) would you be
willing to use it?
yes 1 |__|
no 2 |__|
Which sustainable transport mode would you use to be rewarded?
walk 1 |__|
bike 2 |__|
PT 3 |__|
While the first question aims to investigate the interest of employees about
gamification through a qualitative approach, the latter is the quantitative one
and acts in the systematic utility of a multinomial logit model.
44
Figure 21 – Questions dedicated to gamification
If the company provided you with a gamification app to reward your sustainable behaviours (walk, bike, public
transport) would you be willing to use it?
Yes
Which sustainable transport mode
would you use to be rewarded?
Bike
Walking
Public Transport
No
C
h
o
i
c
e
45
The availability of this App acts in the model as a dummy variable that can
be [0,1] where 𝑎𝑢𝑘𝐶 = 1 for the mode of transport chosen and 𝛽𝐶 is the output
of calibration.
𝑉𝑢𝑘 = ∑ 𝛽𝐶 ∙ 𝑎𝑢𝑘𝐶
𝐶
So, it will increase the perceived utility of the three mode of transport that
can guarantee prized to the employees: walking, cycling and transit. The new
modal split will be calculated with the following MNL formula and will
affect the calculation of all others mobility indicators (environmental, social
and economic):
𝑝𝑘 = exp (
𝑉𝑘
𝜃)
∑ exp (𝑉ℎ
𝜃)ℎ𝜖𝐾
Figure 22 – Questions implemented in the software
46
5.2 WHY USE A GAMIFICATION APP?
In the context of sustainable mobility, many actions can be taken to change
the modal split in favour of less polluted vehicles or ways. The power of a
gamification app is to engage users differently. In fact, the system involves
users through gamification, allowing them to achieve the following
objectives: loyalty, recruitment and problem solving. The principle behind
gamification is to use the dynamics and mechanics of the game to stimulate
some primary instincts of a human being: competition, social status,
compensation and success. The use of playful methods stimulates an active
behaviour and this can facilitate the understanding of the current world and
stimulate virtuous social behaviours. For this reason, the App provides a
collection of points that the employee can implement through: questionnaire
replies and tracking times (with different acknowledgments depending on the
means of transport used). In addition to involving users, the app allows you
to achieve different types of objectives that will be divided into two periods
of feasibility: short term and long term.
5.2.1 SHORT-TERM SCENARIO
The short-term goals that the app allows to achieve are the change in the
modal split and the calculation of emitted / reduced carbon dioxide.
The social aspect and the principles of gaming induce users towards more
sustainable transport habits. The App allows users to be tracked and
recognizes the means of transport used. As you drive kilometres, you
accumulate points: the accumulated points are greater for sustainable
transport. Thus, there will be a ranking among the different users and once
the established scores are reached, prizes will be awarded that can be
customized with selected and differentiated services and products. Users who
accept to be monitored and tracked through the App and use sustainable
means, will have more points and will win prizes with more probability.
47
Tracking is not just about home-to-work travel but also about unsystematic
travel. Users are encouraged to use more sustainable means at all times of the
day, because they want to accumulate points and win prizes. This app helps
the company because there is a variation in the modal split and a big data
collection that improves the understanding of the dynamics of urban
mobility.
User tracking and recognition of the means of transport allows estimating the
amount of carbon dioxide emitted by private vehicles and public transport or
avoided by means of sustainable methods (walking, cycling). The
methodology is validated by RINA, an international organization that
certifies through the ISO 14064-II protocol the reduction of emissions
deriving from displacements.
5.2.2 LONG-TERM SCENARIO
The collection and analysis of systematic and non-systematic data, through
the monitoring of employees, will allow the Company to obtain useful
information to plan mobility actions in a sensible and conscious way.
Among the objectives of the Rome’s Pums 2018 is a modal rebalancing of
mobility, a reduction in pollution and an increase in satisfaction and social
inclusion. The App is a valid tool to achieve these objectives, in fact, it allows
collecting many mobility data for the displacements of the population with
which it is possible to study and analyse the trends of modal distribution,
pollution, kilometres travelled, etc. This collection is continuous and
punctual as it takes place independently with the tracking and it is possible
to compare scenarios for different days of the week, several months, different
seasons, that is all the comparisons that are wanted in order to plan strategies
at various levels.
48
So, if this innovative and useful strategy will be applied by private and public
companies with the support of the public administrations, the latter could
improve feasibility studies about different infrastructural projects (bicycle
paths, parking areas, traffic optimization, electric charging columns, etc…)
through both the geo-referenced data provided by the users and the post-
processed indicators provided by the App.
A continuous improving of mobility habits will lead in the following years
(mid-term or long-term scenario) to the achieving of the goals set by
international institutions and companies, as NASA and EU. In the following
images, provided by NASA after 40-years earth monitoring, is clear to
understand how the global warming is affecting our land because of different
factors of which transportation and related fuel combustion are a relevant
part.
Figure 23 – Global warming
49
6. THE GAMIFICATION APP FEATURES
In the previous chapter, the potentialities of a Gamification App have been
fully described: it is a valid intervention that, through a dynamic mobility
survey and continuous users’ tracking, allows company to reach short-term
goals and institutions/community to achieve mid/long-term objectives.
According to the main features described, the company Movesion s.r.l. has
developed a Gamification CMH app (Citizens' Mobility Habits) that is
mainly composed of four main sections:
1. Tracking: the user will be continuously tracked in his origin-
destination movement and several data are collected as speed and
acceleration. This amount of data is very useful to develop statistics,
recognize systematic movements and change in habits.
2. Mode detection: through the kinematics data obtained by tracking, an
algorithm implemented in the app automatically recognizes the means
of transport with which the user moves, without being declared. It is
possible through the use of GPS, accelerometer and the dynamic
speed/acceleration profiles of the users’ trip.
3. Profiling: through the App, the Mobility Manager will be able to
administer questionnaires to employees or citizens, useful both for the
description of the sample in question but also to be able to learn about
information that cannot be obtained from the individual tracking.
4. Prizes: users will receive points both for the questions answered and
for the tracking kilometres. The more sustainable the vehicle is, the
more points will be accumulated.
5. Sustainability: the App will allow users to gain greater knowledge of
the sustainable world through advice and information.
50
Figure 24 – Main sections of a Gamification App
We analyse all the features of the App individually: tracking, mode detection
and then the various sections of which the application is composed (surveys,
activities, status, awards, profile).
Gamification App
Tracking
Set of coordinates to
describe the path
Mode detection
Descriptions of the means of
transport used
Profiling
Answers to the questionnaires
create their own mobility profile
Prizes
Prizes for tracking and
questions
Sustainability
Advice and information on
sustainable mobility
51
Figure 25 – Gamification app
Welcome
Login
Sign In
52
6.1 TRACKING
All the users who will join the Application are going to be monitored through
their devices in accordance with the regulations of current privacy legislation.
The tracking operation works by using the smartphone’s GPS function.
While the user can progressively check his paths on the map, the system will
post-process collected data by GPS to first recognize transport mode (Par.
6.2) and then assign points as function of different parameters (Par. 6.3)
Tracking is the fundamental basis of the app: through it you can establish the
paths taken by the user during the day. This allows you to understand the
most popular places or means of transport and the times of travel. Studying
the habits of mobility of users would allow us to describe the mobility flows
with which to plan interventions in the city.
Figure 26 - Tracking
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6.1.1 TEST
The app has been tested on a sample composed by 10 users that have been
continuously monitored for a 2-months period.
The users’ sample has been heterogeneously chosen by age, current mobility
habits and device owned.Errore. Il collegamento non è valido.
Figure 27 – Age of the users
Figure 28 – Travel mode of the users
< 30 30 - 50 > 50
PT Train Car Motorbike Bike
54
The official invitation to join the test is represented in the following images:
For Android users
Figure 29 – Official invitation for Android users
For IOS users
Figure 30 – Official invitation for Ios users
Collected and post-processed data (See Annex 1) during the App Beta-
Version test in collaboration with Movesion IT Developers allowed to:
- Find improvement necessities (Also by direct users’ feedbacks)
- Fix bugs (if any)
- Release a new version CMH 2.0
In the second release the app has been improved in several ways:
functionalities, reliability and battery consumption.
55
In the following image is represented a tracking sample during 24h in which
is possible to understand:
- Most travelled paths
- Points of interest (POIs)
- Tracking problems
Figure 31 – Most travelled paths
6.2 MODE DETECTION
All trips performed by users for different purposes can be analysed as O-D
couples. Movements’ segmentation can happen also during the same trip
toward a destination if more than one mode of transport is used
(multimodality). A continuous tracking of the users allow us to divide each
trip by several ∆t intervals, each one performed in a different travel mode.
Exploiting scientific researches (S. Hemminki, 2016) is possible to assign to
each mode of transport a typical speed and acceleration profile. Then, an
appropriate algorithm will continuously compare users’ dynamic speed
profile with the standard ones in the system to recognize the current modal
56
choice and transition points. The output is a temporal segmentation of the trip
between progressive POIs in ∆𝑡𝑖 intervals travelled with 𝑖 = 1,2,3 … 𝑛
different modes.
Figure 32 – Intervals of trip
Figure 33 – Different speed profiles
Mode detection is fundamental to understand people mobility habits and
establish a rewarding system in accordance with the App purposes: obtain
sustainability choices by gamification and awards. In the following chart is
represented the logic behind the App: more sustainable is your choice and
higher is the award in terms of points collected and ranking score.
57
Figure 34 – Awarding type
Finally, big data resources collected by App will be exploited by a Machine
Learning Algorithm capable to improve during the time mobility parameters
and recognize more accurately the transportation mode.
Walking
Tram
Bus
Train
Metro
Car / Motorbike
Bike
Stationary
Recognized modality Aggregation Awarding type
Most
Sustainable
Sustainable
Not
Sustainable
Only for tracking and
questionnaire
Tracking, questionnaire
and depending by
distance
Tracking, questionnaire
and depending by
distance
Only for tracking and
questionnaire
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6.3 APP TOOLS
The strength of gamification is the ability to stimulate human instincts, with
the aim of creating or satisfying desires and needs through objectives to be
reached, levels in which to progress and compete with other users. The App
uses gamification in its main tools: surveys, activities, status and awards.
The user will have the opportunity to accumulate points with an active
participation in the various tools of the app described in the following
paragraphs.
6.3.1 SURVEYS
A section of the App is composed of the questionnaires. If users answer the
questions, they acquire points.
The questionnaires are divided into categories; the main categories are
purpose / characteristics of the shift; means of movement; quality of the
move; perceived quality of the shift; proposals and opportunities. Let's
examine some questions that are part of the categories described above.
SURVEY ACTIVITIES STATUS AWARDS PROFILE
Figure 35 – Tools of a gamification App
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PURPOSE / CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRIP
1. Why are you doing this trip?
Work
Study
Free time
Commissions
2. How many times a week do you do the same daily travel?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3. Do you make stops along the trip?
Yes
No
4. Would you live to change your current mode of transport towards
another one? If yes, which one?
No
Yes, the car
Yes, public transport
Yes, the motorcycle
Yes, the bicycle
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Yes, walking
Yes, the company bus or schoolbus
5. Why are you doing this trip
Work
Study
Free time
Commissions
6. How many times a week do you do the same daily travel?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
7. Why do you use your current means of travel?
Cheapness
Less travel time
Safer
More comfortable
I have no other possibilities
CHECK OF THE TRIP
1. Did you use the "bike" this morning?
Yes
No
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QUALITY OF THE TRIP – CAR
1. How long was the trip? (in minutes)
From 0 to 15 minutes
From 16 to 30 minutes
From 31 to 45 minutes
From 46 to 60 minutes
More than 60 minutes
2. If you are doing the same trip with PT instead of Car, does the
time required changes?
They would remain the same
I can save time
The trip is longer of about 10 minutes
The trip is longer of at least 20 minutes
The time required is very larger
3. What is/was road pavement conditions along your trip?
Bad conditions (holes, damaged, with poor signage)
Good conditions (No interventions required)
Sufficient (Some interventions are appreciated)
4. Do the roads that you use frequently clean?
Yes
No, there are leaves, waste and other things
5. What do you think about the route chosen? Is it safe?
Yes
No, there are dangerous crossings
No, lighting and visibility are lacking or insufficient
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No, the regulation for pedestrian crossings is lacking
No, lanes are shared with cyclists
No, signals are insufficient, damaged or not clearly visible
QUALITY OF THE TRIP – PUBLIC TRANSPORT
1. How long was the trip? (in minutes)
From 0 to 15 minutes
From 16 to 30 minutes
From 31 to 45 minutes
From 46 to 60 minutes
More than 60 minutes
2. If you are doing the same trip with Car instead of PT, does the
time required changes?
They would remain the same
I will spend more time
The trip is shorter of about 10 minutes
The trip is shorter of at least 20 minutes
I can save a lot of time
3. In what conditions are the stations and its stops/platforms that
you use for the daily transfer?
Well organized with an high accessibility (i.e. interchange parking...)
Are desolate and have poor lighting
They are completely unsafe and/or poor accessible
4. What are the conditions of the public transport vehicles that you
use for daily travel?
There is no problem to find a place to sit
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They are very crowded with only standing places
They are crowded with also cleaning problems
5. Do you think the route you take to reach your destination is safe?
Yes
No, there are dangerous crossings
No, lighting and visibility are scarce
No, the regulation for pedestrian crossings is lacking
No, there is promiscuity with cycling routes
No, there are no suitable signs
PERCEIVED QUALITY OF THE TRIP
1. How do you feel after the trip?
Stressed
Tired
Relaxed
The trip does not affect my mood
2. How many times a week you daily travel time is perturbed/affected
by some external factors? (Traffic, accidents…)
1
2
3
More than 3
Never
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PROPOSALS AND OPPORTUNITIES
1. Would you like to participate in sustainability-oriented events, if
so which ones?
No
Yes, cycling competitions
Yes, walks in the neighbourhoods of your city
Yes, information points and citizen opinion collection
In a first release, the App will provide to users the multiple sections proposed
to which corresponds different kind of questions. The users will be free to
answer or not to a certain question. Of course, higher is the compliance and
higher is the points accumulation for the user. The philosophy is to provide
Figure 36 – Question in a gamification App
65
a reward directly proportional to the contribution to understand people’s
mobility habits.
Then, an important improvement will be applied: matching the information
coming by tracking and mode detection to the ones collectable by dynamic
questions along the trip, the app will propose to users “customized questions”
during the day. For instance:
- Customized questions for mode of travel
- Avoid questions while driving
- Ask opinions on travel quality after transition to a mode of transport to
another one
- Etc…
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6.3.2 ACTIVITIES
The "activity" section of the app summarizes all the users' movements
segmented for mode of transport chosen during the days. For each single trip,
different information are reported:
• Corresponding mode of transport: segmentation is performed for car
(including motorbikes), public transport (including trains, buses, metro and
tram), walking and cycling.
• Kilometres travelled with each mode of transport, calculated by GPS and
disaggregated in post-elaboration data depending on resulting speed and
acceleration profiles.
• Date and time of the journey.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted and avoided: each kind of vehicle has its
own average emission factor and the resultant total emission is obtained by
multiplying this unitary 𝐸𝐹𝑚 for each “m” mode of transport and the resultant
𝐾𝑚𝑚 travelled with the mode “m”. By the other side, the app is capable to
calculate the emissions avoided with respect to the most pollutant alternative
that is the private car.
Mode of Transport Emissions Avoided
Car 0
PT ∆𝐸𝐶𝑎𝑟−𝑃𝑇
Walking 𝐸𝐶𝑎𝑟
Cycling 𝐸𝐶𝑎𝑟 Table 2 – Emissions avoided
This information allows the user to know his own emission level and
therefore to understand how he affects the environment. A society aware of
its polluting emissions on the environment is able to understand the
responsibilities connected to people’s decisions and the resulting footprint of
everyone on the external sphere as quality of the air and of the built
environment.
67
Figure 37 - Activities
68
6.3.3 STATUS
The user can check the amount of points collected and his ranking position
in the "status" section. The combined use of ranking and gamification
stimulates the user to use more sustainable means and in long-term these
mobility choices could become habits.
The points are estimated and assigned according to the sustainability
connected to the recognized (and chosen) mode of transport, as shown in the
following chart. It is directly connected that more physical activity is
performed by the user and higher is the resulting score obtained. The
principle behind the app is to give real awards to more worthy users to invite
Figure 38 - Status
69
them to continue with these good habits (bicycle, bus free ticket, carpooling
subscription, etc…).
Figure 39 - Awards
Walking
Tram
Bus
Train
Metro
Car / Motorbike
Bike
Stationary
Recognized modality Aggregation Awards
Most
Sustainable
Sustainable
Not
Sustainable
1 point for each kilometre +
1 point for each questionnaire
3 point for each kilometre +
1 point for each questionnaire
2 point for each kilometre +
1 point for each questionnaire
1 point for each kilometre +
1 point for each questionnaire
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6.3.4 AWARDS
As introduced in the previous paragraph, collected points can be used to earn
rewards. Who could be interested is sustainability habits? Mainly this interest
is shown by Public Administrations (as Municipalities) and private
companies interested in sustanability and footprint in the environment (see
also CSR in par. 2.5).
The prizes can be customized by the Municipality and the Area/Company
Mobility Manager. Some types of rewards are: voucher for the purchase of a
bike, discounts on public transport tickets, etc. In the future, points and prizes
could be used to regulate mobility credits for citizens (see conclusions).
Figure 40 – Award in a gamification App
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6.4 PLATFORM MANAGEMENT
The Mobility Manager can manage certain parameters of the app through its
own and reserved web interface.
His tasks are divided in two different steps:
1) Launch of surveys, organization of competitions, questionnaire
customizing for users, questions update, add prizes in the store and
send various communications to the community. This phase is
fundamental to obtain an high compliance and better understand
people’s needs and habits.
2) All collected data can be downloaded in different formats (i.e. excel
tables, .csv report, graphs, statistics, etc…) and then elaborated for
different purposes. Of course, it is not directly required because the
platform already aggregates data to produce a lot of indicators and
statistics in the field of transportation, sustainability and mobility.
In the following images is shown the standard interface for the Mobility
Manager:
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Survey Interface
Figure 41 – Survey interface
Figure 42 – Survey interface
73
Figure 43 – Survey interface
74
Store
Figure 44 - Store
Figure 45 - Store
75
Data Monitoring: the Mobility Manager can also monitor the
employees’ performances through various indicators and analyse
progress obtained since the launch of the survey.
Figure 46 – Data monitoring
76
Figure 47 – Data monitoring
6.5 BENEFITS ON EMPLOYERS’ HEALTH
Chapter 5 was intended to underline the utility of a gamification app as a
mobility strategy in the hands of the figures responsible of the mobility: the
Mobility Managers.
In fact, in a sustainability optic, it encourages users to move with low (or
zero) emission modalities exploiting a rewarding system. Companies and
municipalities have also the opportunity to collect useful information, by
means of tracking, to plan long-term interventions.
The benefits coming through behavioural changes in the field of mobility
have not to be classified only in long-term advantages on the environment.
In fact, there is a strictly connection between sustainable mobility and
physical activity that influence in a positive way the life of the citizens both
in short and long period: since stress reduction to average life expectancy
increase.
77
The sedentary lifestyle in Italy was estimated in 2017 to be responsible of
14,6% of all death. As estimated by the ISS (Istituto Superiore della Sanità)
both an increase in levels of physical activity and the adoption of healthy
lifestyle would lead to considerable savings for the National Health Service
(SSN): more than 2 billion and 300 thousand euros in terms of diagnostic
services, hospital treatment and drug therapies avoided.
Also the data of the World Health Organization (WHO) are impressive: 25%
of the adults are not sufficiently active and 80% of adolescents do not reach
the recommended levels of physical activity. In this scenario, the App is
exploited as a strategic mean through which promote physical movement to
the whole community. The principle of gamification through a reward system
is able to tempt users to avoid the private car.
In the health field, this strategy could guarantee higher well-being and lower
social costs for the community. A research conducted in 2018 by the
American U.S. Department of Health and Human Services emphasized the
numerical dependence between physical activity expressed in MET (a unit of
measure used to define the energy spent in physical activity during the day –
Metabolic Equivalent for Task) and the reduction in death and various
diseases’ risk.
The results of the tests conducted, expressed in percentage reduction of risk
correlated to minutes of physical activity per week, allowed us to find a good
correlation between sustainable mobility and quality of life.
For our purposes, four main indicators are analysed in an analytical way: Risk
of Mortality (general), Risk of Diseases (general), Productivity Level
Increase, Level of Stress. The output of the research conducted in U.S.A. by
means of different tests on several groups of people is a discrete sequence of
points that fitted in an excellent way to linear and 2nd order regression towards
we obtained four continuous functions.
78
Risk of Mortality: this indicator is obtained merging multiple causes
of death. It is interesting to explain the parabolic shape of the function.
Physical activity is able to increasingly improve the quality of life but
after certain very high levels, it can lead to other diseases (i.e. heart
failure). Looking to the following chart, an average weekly activity of
500 minutes, just over an hour per day, can reduce the overall risk of
mortality of about 40%. This function is very significant especially if
we consider that is not difficult to carry out a physical activity for 1
hour per day and the resulting benefit is priceless.
Chart 1 – Risk of mortality
y = 3E-07x2 - 0,0006x + 0,8661R² = 0,742
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
79
Risk of Diseases: as the previous indicator, also this one is made up merging
data for different discrete diseases as diabetes. According to an acceptable
level of physical activity for adults, with 8 hours of movement the risk of
illnesses is reduced by 25%.
Chart 2 – Risk of diseases
y = 0,0046x2 - 0,073x + 1R² = 1
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
0 2 4 6 8 10
80
Physical activity, however, has consequences not only on our physical state
but also on the mental state (Sanity). In fact, the current research has shown
a strict numerical dependence between the hours spent on weekly physical
activity weekly and the resulting stress/work productivity. 500 minutes of
activity per week can lead to 25% of stress reduction and a resulting increase
of 3% in work productivity (loss of productivity is an important cost item for
companies in Balance Sheet and CSR).
Productivity
Chart 3 – Workplace productivity loss
y = -5E-05x - 0,0906R² = 0,9844
-14%
-12%
-10%
-8%
-6%
-4%
-2%
0%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Physical activity (min/week)
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Stress
Chart 4 – Level of stress
Figure 48 – Consequences of physical activity
As mentioned above these aspects are linked not only to well-being for the
user but can also estimated as costs for different stakeholders and included in
companies’ CSR.
Accordingly to the CSR principles and exploiting the 4 functions described,
the gains coming by physical activity can be quantified in monetary terms for
three different stakeholders: user, company and community. Costs have been
estimated according with official statistics in 2018.
y = 1E-06x2 - 0,0011x + 0,4683R² = 0,9005
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Physical activity (min/week)
82
Cost of Mortality: It is not easy to estimate an accurate cost connected
to mortality because of different factors affecting it. The most relevant
parameters are the years of useful life lost, the cost estimated by life
insurances and medical cares required. The following formula is one
example of methods used for statistical estimation of cost of life.
Figure 49 – Cost of the life
For our goals we assumed as design value 1 million euros, according
with OECD, 2018. So, conforming to Italian Population and certified
deaths in 2018, each citizen pays socially about € 10.532 for the
countless deaths (in terms of taxation system and costs for public
health system).
Considering an average physical activity of 500 minutes per week, the
social costs per citizen are statistically considerably reduced:
83
Figure 50 – Benefits due to mortality reduction
Cost of Diseases: in the same way, the costs for diseases and their
reduction due to physical activity were estimated. The cost of a person
with diseases is due to the need for medical cares, specialist visits and
various treatments.
Figure 51 – Benefits due to diseases reduction
Cost for mortality
10.532€
8 hours of physical activity
-40% mortality
New cost for mortality
6.319€
Profit
4.213€
Cost for diseases
148€
8 hours of physical activity
-25% diseases
New cost for diseases
108€
Profit
40 €
User Community
User Community
84
Increase of productivity: both the reduction of mortality and illnesses
due to an increase in physical activity lead to economic benefits as
well as an increase in productivity. As estimated by University of
Rome “La Sapienza” in 2018, labour productivity can be estimated
through an analytic process involving the following parameters. The
outputs of the cited research were different values of hourly
productivity for type of employment, between 3,81 €/h for a worker
and 9,47 €/h for a manager. According to our goals, the average value
of 6 €/h is assumed in our calculations.
Figure 52 - Productivity
The productivity of a person in a business context has been estimated
at € 12,960 per year. If a user completes about eight hours of physical
activity per week his productivity could statistically increase by 3%
and for this he will produce 3% more. Gain is estimated.
85
Figure 53 – Benefits due to productivity increase
Stress related costs: scientific research has shown that a stressed
person is led to ask for more days of illness, because of: other diseases
connected to high level of stress and difficulties to work in elevated
levels of stress and anxiety.
Depending on different job regulations, the cost paid by companies
for a days off because of illness can fluctuate between zero indemnity
and the entire working day. For this reason, 50% of the value of the
working day was chosen. According to ISTAT (2016) the average
gross income for an Italian employee is € 30.000. Assuming on
average 17 days for illness per year, with a 25% stress reduction the
days off needed could be reduced to 13 with an annual profit of € 236
for each employee.
Productivity
12.960€
8 hours of physical activity
+3% productivity
New productivity
14.601€
Profit
1.641 €
Company Community
86
Figure 54 – Benefits due to stress reduction
Toward a system capable of increase the average level of physical activity of
the whole community (i.e. the App), the society will gain different
advantages in terms of well-being and economic incomes. The three main
stakeholders are users, companies and community.
Stress related costs
944 €
8 hours of physical activity
-25% stress
New cost
708€
Profit
236 €
User Community
87
Figure 55 – Benefits due to physical activity
88
7. CASE STUDY: MOBILITY ANALYSIS OF DAVINES’
EMPLOYEES IN PARMA CITY
In this chapter will be analysed on a real sample of users the real capabilities
of the combined use of Mobility Manager Software and the correlated
Gamification App.
As seen in Chapters 3 and 4, the traditional and best way to forecast mobility
habits of citizens is through surveys. Indeed, in March 2019 the Company
Movesion performed a mobility survey to the employees of Davines
Company. The tool used to investigate systematic practices and needs of the
employees, in terms of mobility, is the Software “Mobility Manager” in its
last implementation including the Gamification App as an intervention
scenario. In particular, the task of the survey is to give to the Company
Mobility Manager the possibility (through data, reports, indicators and
graphics) to understand the current state and the suitable actions for the
future.
Finally, as seen in chapter 6, if through the dedicated section of the
questionnaire the users will declare an interest in the Gamification App, its
potential could be simulated and its output inserted in the Davines’ CSR
Report.
Figure 56 – Davines logo
89
7.1 THE COMPANY
Davines is a Company founded in 1987 in Parma (Northern Italy), which
operates in the field of cosmetics and hair care products. It stands out from
the competition due to the absolute promotion of ecologically sustainable
products and the use of natural energy resources for their production.
The office, a modern campus in the countryside with 335 employees, is
located in the north-west part of Parma City, along the highway axis between
Piacenza and Modena.
Figure 57 – Cartography of site
Figure 58 – Davines campus
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7.2 TRANSPORT ANALYSIS: SUPPLY
The 335 employees working everyday in the huge campus of Parma can
access the office with different travel modes: their mobility choices are
affected by individual needs and external factors. In particular, the latter
depends on the services that both your company and your
municipality/province provide to you.
Davines provides to its employees 70 private parkings for traditional cars, 18
for electric ones, 20 for motorbikes, 10 for bicycles and 20 showers dedicated
to cyclists and pedestrians in two different changing rooms. For what
concerns transport services, it provides 2 private company shuttles, 40
traditional cars and 7 electric ones.
Figure 59 - Supply
91
In the Area of Parma, the employees can access the following services to
reach the workplace:
By car it is easily accessible through the highway A1 Milan-Naples,
exit of Parma Fiera (Casello di Parma). Of course, free roads are
available with longer travel times.
Figure 60 – Accessibility of Danives
All access roads to the office have perfect road pavement, one or two
lanes per direction and no sidewalks or bicycle paths. It is an important
constraint to consider in the simulation phase: it will be interesting, in
case of good propensity towards cycle mobility, to investigate for
possible design solutions.
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Figure 61 – Viale delle Esposizioni
It is accessible by bus (n. 12) from the Parma city centre in a time
ranging from half an hour to 1 hour, of course less travel times are
required from the northern area. The Roncopascolo bus terminal is
only 200m far from the entrance.
Figure 62 – Path of bus n.12
Regarding pedestrian and cycle accessibility, it is emphasized that
although most of the access roads to the northern area of Parma are
93
equipped with cycle paths or wide sidewalks, the area surrounding the
campus does not have these infrastructures necessary to guarantee
user security.
Figure 63 – Strada Parma Rotta
94
7.3 TRANSPORT ANALYSIS: DEMAND
The methodology used in this analysis to investigate travel demand and
systematic habits of Davines’ employees in the Area of Parma is by digital
questionnaireas. The survey, performed in Mobility Manager, reached in two
weeks a compliance rate of about 35% which corresponds to 120 employees.
Chart 5 – Compliance rate
The collected answers have been then analysed to understand the impact of
this company on the territory as capacity to generate movements due to
necessity of reaching the workplace.
The first step has been the localization of people’s origins (domiciles). More
than half part of users are located in Parma City, while others are divided in
two rural areas: north province of Parma and along the highway axis
Piacenza-Modena.
35%
65%
95
Figure 64 – Employees’ origines
7.3.1 MODAL CHOICES
The main indicator of the Home to Work Plan (Piano Spostamenti Casa-
Lavoro) is the modal split. In this survey more than 90% of the users declared
to choose systematically the private car to reach the workplace, despite they
can use a Company Bus provided as a benefit for all employees by their
Company. It may seem a paradox that although there is a bus stop in front of
the office entrance, nobody of the survey participants declared to use it to
reach workplace as primary modal choice.
Some of the factors that can cause this modal split, with 9 out of 10 users that
use private car, can be: nearness to highway exit, free parking availability, no
train station available, lack of pedestrian/cycle paths and quite long travel
times by bus.
96
Chart 6 – Modal split
Chart 7 – Travel time
It is important to understand which is the travel time perceived by users: car
users declared an average time of 21 minutes, slightly lower of the one
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Private car
Car Pooling
Bicycle
Company bus
Multimodal
92%
1%
1%
5%
1%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Bicycle
company bus
Private car
Private car together with colleagues
One of more means of public transport
30'
30'
21'
15'
60'
97
necessary by company bus or bike. The highest one is with public transport
and probably this factor, together with the lack of a railway line, lead all
survey participants to avoid this travel mode.
Chart 8 – Reasons of travel choices
The private vehicle is often chosen for its flexibility and comfort, despite its
high costs required as tolls, fuel and maintenance. In this peripheral area,
employees don’t have many alternatives: train, car sharing and cycle paths
are lacking.
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Cost
Safety
Least stressful option
Health
Travel time
Comfort
Travelling with other people
Autonomy
Lack of feasible alternatives
Inefficient public transport
Environmental reasons
Non-work activities
Lack of cycle paths
1%
1%
7%
0%
16%
7%
7%
32%
16%
2%
1%
10%
1%
98
Chart 9 – Possible transport alternatives
One of the sections of the survey was dedicated to forecast the propensity to
evaluate possible alternatives instead of private motorized vehicle (car or
motorbike) and the results is: 1 out of 10 users would use the company bus
and 2 people could use a carpooling service together with other colleagues.
0% 20% 40% 60%
private car
private car together with colleagues
motorcycle, scooter
company bus
22%
22%
44%
11%
99
7.3.2 CAR FOCUS
Concerning the car fleet owned by all employees, its split shows a discrete
majority of less pollutant ones (67%).
Chart 10 – Euro classification
Despite the “Euro Classification” is quite good, the next chart shows that
most of all users (72%) declared to use diesel or gasoline cars. The most
ecologic ones, by the point of view of the fuel used, are chosen only by 28%
of the users.
Chart 11 – Fuel systems of cars
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
euro 2
euro 3
euro 4
euro 5
euro 6
3.66%
7.32%
21.95%
31.71%
35.37%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
petrol car
diesel car
lpg car
methane car
hybrid car
25,7%
45,9%
15,6%
9,2%
3,7%
100
The next three indicators explain us the main cause of this high car use: the
employees have no problems of parking in area outside the office and despite
it, they can benefit of private company free parking.
Chart 12 – Parking problems
Chart 13 – Access to the company car parking
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
yes
no
don't know
3,39%
88,14%
8,47%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
yes
no
63%
37%
101
Chart 14 - Parking
In the following image is represented the huge free parking space outside
Davines’ Village. At the end of this focus, it’s easy to understand that all the
benefits connected to car use are obviously also an advantage to use it,
especially in lacking of valid alternatives.
Figure 65 – Davines parking
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
free of charge car park outside the site
on street parking
95%
5%
102
Looking to the following chart about 70% of the users declared to use the
private car not only for systematic home-work journeys but also for almost
all other purposes. What emerges is that there is a willingness to reduce this
car use, being at the same time the most comfortable and expensive
alternative, but employees are not currently satisfied of available alternatives.
103
Chart 15 – Private vehicle
A I do not own a car.
B As I am aware of the many problems associated with car use, I have already
tried to use it as little as possible. In the coming months, I will maintain or
even reduce my already low level of car usage.
C At the moment, I use the car for most of my journeys, but I aim to reduce my
current level of usage. I already know that for some journeys I will use a
different method of transport and I know what that replacement method will
be, but I have not yet regularly put these journeys into practice with an
alternative means of transport.
D At the moment, I use the car for most of my journeys. I am currently thinking
of not using the car for some or all of these journeys and using a different
means of transport, but at the moment I am not sure how I can replace these
car journeys or when I should do so.
E At the moment, I use the car for most of my journeys. I would like to reduce
my current level of usage, but I feel that it would be impossible to do so at the
moment.
F At the moment, I use the car for most of my journeys. I am happy with my
current level of usage and I do not see any reason why I should reduce it.
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
A
B
C
D
E
F
6%
9%
7%
22%
48%
8%
104
7.3.3 PT FOCUS
A relevant part of the mobility survey is intended to investigate the use of
Public Transport and the utility that the employees associate to this
alternative. As already seen, users are spatially disaggregate both in Parma
City and its Province, in fact they can access the office through both urban
and suburban buses.
Chart 16 – Possible PT modes
Despite the closer PT stop to the employees’ domicile is mainly in a radius
of 500m, the average time to reach the workplace by bus is one hour, three
times higher than the average time required by car. This huge difference is
due both to the high LoS guaranteed by the A1 highway (in terms of traffic
and speed) and the number of transfers required to reach the workplace. In
fact, only 24% of the users can access the office without multiple transfers,
being available only bus n.12 to reach directly the destination.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
Urban bus
Suburban bus
50%
50%
105
Chart 17 – PT travel time
Chart 18 – PT stops
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
0 to 36
36 to 72
72 to 108
108 to 144
144 to 180
more than 180 minutes
25%
46%
17%
7%
3%
3%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
less 100 m
from 100 m to 200 m
from 200 m to 300 m
from 300 m to 500 m
from 500 m to 1 km
from 1 km to 2 km
from 2 km to 5 km
more than 5 km
18%
15%
13%
19%
17%
8%
8%
3%
106
Chart 19 – PT transfers
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
0
1
2
more than 2
24%
27%
35%
14%
107
7.3.4 BIKE FOCUS
As previously introduced, all access roads to office do not provide a safe path
for pedestrians and cyclists. This is not only a disadvantage for them, but
inhibit any management action in the hands of Mobility Manager to save
users’ safety.
Figure 66 – Via Calzolari Don Angelo
In fact, if we look to corporate equipment for cyclists, Davines offers only 10
spaces reserved to them. Higher supply could be justified by a valid
infrastructure network. The following graph shows just that bike parking is
not so easy in Davines Village, but it’s a seconday problem after accessibility.
Chart 20 – Bike parking problems
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
yes
no
don't know
35%
19%
46%
108
7.4 INDICATORS AND EMISSION FACTORS
According to Multinomial Logit Model implemented in the software
Mobility Manager, we are able to understand the current and future modal
split and so, through the COPERT IV Model we are also able to estimate
pollutants emitted by employees. It is clear that each possible simulation
through the MNL will provide us the benefit resulting between current and
forecasted pollutants.
At the current state we have:
Chart 21 – CO2 emissions (kg/year)
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000
Company bus
Private car together with colleagues
Private car
One of more means of public transport
4795,47
769,72
264662,16
198,43
109
Chart 22 – Nox emissions (kg/year)
Chart 23 – VOC emissions (kg/year)
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Company bus
Private car together with colleagues
Private car
One of more means of public transport
49,52
1,72
564,04
2,2
0 50 100 150 200 250
Company bus
Private car together with colleagues
Private car
One of more means of public transport
3,61
1,3
215,75
0,16
110
Chart 24 – CH4 emissions (kg/year)
Chart 25 – PM emissions (kg/year)
0 5 10 15 20
Company bus
Private car together with colleagues
Private car
One of more means of public transport
0,6
0,1
17,74
0,02
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Company bus
Private car together with colleagues
Private car
One of more means of public transport
1,86
0,17
58,36
0,08
111
Chart 26 – Calculation of fuel consumption (l/year)
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
Company bus
Private car together with colleagues
Private car
One of more means of public transport
1521,73
247,15
84975,72
62,97
112
7.5 PROPENSITY TO CHANGE
In this paragraph is analysed the willingness to change the current modal
choice to reach the workplace. Of course, this survey is conducted mainly to
investigate habits connected to systematic mobility but good principles could
reflect also to free time’s movements.
The next graph is showing, according with the PT focus, that propensity to
change from Private Car to PT is very low: 61% of the users are not inclined
to change also in front of different incentives.
Chart 27 – Propensity to use PT
The situation is quite different for carpooling, in fact this service still can
guarantee some advantages connected to the car and at the same time reduce
the costs connected to it. About 54% of the employees could be interested to
use this service, in particular if a carpooling App is provided to easily
organize the daily trips and fuel discounts are provided as benefits for drivers.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
no
yes, if the pass was provided by the company
yes, if there were car parks for park-and-ridesystem
yes, if company means of transport connectedthe main public transport stops with the site
yes, if the public transport stops were closer tothe site
yes, if public transport was more reliable
yes, if during working hours I could use companymeans of transport for trips
61%
8%
3%
6%
5%
13%
4%
113
Chart 28 – Propensity to use car pooling
The willingness analysis in terms of cycling is in perfect harmony with the
Bike Focus: infrastructural interventions (by institutions) are required to
increase people’s safety.
0% 20% 40% 60%
no
yes, in the presence of a system that puts me incontact with people
who take the same route as I do at the sametime
yes, if during working hours you could usecompany
means of transport for trips
yes, if the trip time was not greater than thecurrent one for 5 or 10 minutes
yes, if the company provided car pooling crewswith fuel coupons
46%
27%
1%
13%
12%
114
Chart 29 – Propensity to use a bike
The spatial disaggregation of employees’ addresses in Parma Province does
not make feasible a company bus stop design: more than 1 line should be
provided also for few employees. According to it, in the next image is
represented the real disaggregation of the users, highlighting in green the area
of Parma City, where half of them concentrates.
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
no
yes, if the company provided me with an electricbicycle
yes, if I had to pay a parking fee for my car
yes, if there were better and safer bicycle paths
yes, if there were dressing rooms and showers
yes, if during working hours I could use companymeans of transport for trips
60%
6%
0%
20%
12%
3%
115
Figure 67 – Origins of employee travel
As an example, a possible company bus path is represented in Parma Urban
Area: it is easy to notice that a linear path is not possible to catch the users in
the rural region (represented in red in previous figure), but is necessary to
guarantee an acceptable LoS in terms of regularity and travel time.
Figure 68 – Possible company bus path
116
Chart 30 – Propensity to use a company bus
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
no
yes, if I had to pay a parking fee for my car
yes, if the stop was reasonably close to home
yes, if it cost more or less the same as howmuch I spend now for going to work
yes, if during working hours I could usecompany means of transport for trips
54%
1%
32%
6%
8%
117
12%44%
44%
7.6 THE INTRODUCTION OF A GAMIFICATION APP
As seen in previous chapters, a relevant part of this work was intended to
introduce a new intervention alternative in Mobility Manager. Despite the
site of the office is not in the most suitable area to promote sustainability, the
results coming from the survey are very positive: 50% of the users are
inclined to use this App, modifying step by step their habits towards
sustainability principles.
Chart 31 – Propensity to use a gamification App
In particular, 44% of the users declared to be inclined towards cyclability,
while other 44% to Collective Transport (PT or Company Bus) and finally
12% could decide to reach the office by walking. So, about 56% of the
employees declared to be interested to a “zero emission” mobility. We have
to specify that a great part of possible PT and cycle users, have declared to
be also interested in more walking activity.
The new modal split, resulting from this survey and according to the current
intervention is:
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00%
YES
NO
If the company provided you with a
gamification app to reward your
sustainable behaviours (walk, bike,
public transport) would you be willing
to use it?
118
Chart 32 – New modal split
This intervention could be very effective reducing the private car use of about
44%.
Chart 33 – New sustainable modes
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Private car
Car Pooling
Bicycle
Company bus
Multimodal
Walking
PT
92%
1%
1%
5%
1%
0%
0%
48%
0%
22%
1%
1%
6%
22%
Using a gamification App Currently
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Currently Using a gamification App
Sustainable modes
+49%
119
In the same way sustainable mobility will increase of 49%. As the car use is
halved, the same trend is followed by pollutants emitted:
Chart 34 – New CO2 emissions (kg/year)
Chart 35 – New Nox emissions (kg/year)
0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000
Currently
Using a gamification App
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Currently
Using a gamification App
-54%
-60%
120
Chart 36 – New VOC emissions (kg/year)
Chart 37 – New CH4 emissions (kg/year)
0 50 100 150 200 250
Currently
Using a gamification App
0 5 10 15 20
Currently
Using a gamification App
-54%
-55%
121
Chart 38 – New PM emissions (kg/year)
Chart 39 – New calculation of fuel consuption (l/year)
Now, if we focus better to the trend followed by sustainability, it passes from
1% to 50%. It means that at current state sustainable mobility is null: is it
really possible to upset this trend and people’s habits? The gamification App
is of course a very innovative and powerful mean to raise employees’
awareness on impacts they produce on themselves and external environment.
Despite it, we should recall the motivation of the negative current condition
that is the lacking of a suitable and sure infrastructure around the office.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Currently
Using a gamification App
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000
Currently
Using a gamification App
-55%
-54%
122
Obviously, the safety of cycle-pedestrian paths in the north-west area of
Parma is not up to the mobility management of individual companies (for
example Davines) but to local and provincial institutions.
For this purpose, Movesion has developed an extension of the Mobility
Manager software called Mobility Area. This tool is intended for public
administrations that wish to aggregate the data of multiple (dozens or
hundreds) companies in the area.
Figure 69 – Mobility Manager tools
Below is represented the Mobility Area Tool in the Parma Area in case of
data coming by 4 different Companies.
Figure 70 – 4 different Companies in the Parma Area
123
According to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility, another task of
this work was to introduce new indicators in the current CSR simulation in
Mobility Manager. The standard logic followed by the logic is the one
reported below, in which impacts divided in costs and benefits are estimated
for 3 classes of stakeholders (employees, company and community) and 5
modes of transport (car, motorbike, PT, bike and walking).
Figure 71 – CSR logic
While the indicators already present mainly focus on the transport system
(vehicle cost, maintenance, pollutants, accidents, etc...) the health indicators
focus on the benefits linked to physical activity deriving from sustainable
choices.
124
For each of the four following physical/medical indicators, the followed logic
is to quantify the total benefit due to app use as the sum of the benefit
resulting at the current state with respect to a sedentariness scenario and the
one coming from modal diversion established by gamification.
𝐵𝑎𝑝𝑝 = 𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑡 + 𝐵𝑚𝑑
𝐵𝑎𝑐𝑡 [€
𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟] = 𝐵𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 ∙ 𝑆𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎𝑐𝑡
𝐵𝑚𝑑 [€
𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟] = 𝐵𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 ∙ 𝑆𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑚𝑑
For what concerns the benefit (or profit) for the community due to mortality
risk reduction, the logic is to first calculate the unitary cost of mortality
weighing on institutions per single citizen, then by tracking the user through
the app is possible to estimate the profit generated by him/her according to
revealed mobility. For our simulation purposes and according to travel times
required for home-office round trip, the average time of physical activity of
1h/day is assumed as base parameter. So, the benefit in €/year deriving from
1h of physical activity per day is firstly multiplied for the percentage of
sustainable users at the current state analysis (walking and cycling travel
mode, about 1%) and then for the sustainable users simulated (50%). The
latter is the gross benefit for the community, while the difference is the net
benefit.
125
Chart 40 – Profit for mortality risk reduction
The same logic is then repeated for all other indicators:
Chart 41 – Profit for diseases risk reduction
€ 0 € 50.000 € 100.000 € 150.000 € 200.000 € 250.000 € 300.000 € 350.000 € 400.000
Currently
Using a gamificationApp
11997
381066
€ 0 € 500 € 1.000 € 1.500 € 2.000 € 2.500 € 3.000 € 3.500 € 4.000
Currently
Using a gamification App
114
3618
126
Chart 42 – Profit for productivity
Chart 43 – Profit for stress reduction
€ 0 € 20.000 € 40.000 € 60.000 € 80.000 € 100.000€ 120.000€ 140.000€ 160.000
Currently
Using a gamification App
4673
148428
€ 0 € 5.000 € 10.000 € 15.000 € 20.000 € 25.000
Currently
Using a gamification App
672
21346
127
So, according to the described method is possible to estimate also:
The socio-economic benefit resulting by all-diseases risk reduction
with an average increase of physical activity for home-office
roundtrips.
The economic benefit for the company resulting by a higher
employees’ productivity.
The economic benefit for the user resulting by a lower average stress
level, producing so a minor request for sick days.
In conclusion, both gamification app provision and Davines-Institution
collaboration could guarantee better physical conditions of employees and an
improvement of environmental and socio-economic impacts due to
systematic mobility in the Area of Parma. These impacts reduction will be a
benefit for three main stakeholders: employees, company and whole
community.
128
8. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
To improve life quality standards is one of the main objectives of institutions.
In recent years, problems as traffic and congestion are rising as climate
change and pollution.
The transportation sector is one of the main responsible for these impacts and
exactly for this reason, international institutions are cooperating to reduce
externalities and global warming.
The typical approach, often adopted by municipalities, is to set a target goal
at a certain target date, as the reduction of 20% pollutants in 10 years. The
traditional way to obtain impacts reduction is through a traffic regulation
system based on restriction and area/parking/cordon pricing policies.
An interesting and innovative policy could be launched by Municipalities and
is based on Mobility Credits: each critical area (city center, historic center,
etc.) is associated with an access and/or parking cost in terms of mobility
credits. All citizens can enjoy a basic amount of credits to spend free on urban
trips and, if exceeded they must pay a toll or surcharge. The goal of the
administrations is to obtain an income rate for the redevelopment of the areas,
as well as a modal diversion towards the most sustainable methods.
It is precisely in this context that a tracking and gamification app can be
inserted: the possibility to track and reward citizens' mobility habits daily
also makes it possible to estimate the impacts produced or avoided by them.
The app is initially intended as an e-wallet to manage and spend its mobility
credits, rewarding then the most sustainable citizens with additional mobility
credits and/or recharging them with those already spent.
In this perspective, private companies and public administrations that intend
to cooperate for sustainable mobility, will be able to face concrete problems
129
related to traffic and estimate their contributions towards the community also
for the purposes of their own CSR report.
130
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHAPTERS 1 AND 2
[1] AEA (Agenzia Europea dell’Ambiente). Le emissioni di gas serra del
settore dei trasporti, 2019.
[2] EPOMM. Mobility Management strategy book, 2017.
[3] ISFORT (Transportation Research Institute). Rapporto sulla mobilità in
Italia, 2017.
[4] ISPRA. Rapporto qualità dell’ambiente urbano, 2018.
[5] Italian Ministry of Environment. Ronchi’s Decree, 1998 and 2000.
[6] European directive 2014/95/UE.
[7] Italian Parliament, Decree of 30 December 2016, n.254.
[8] G. Gentile, D. Guitto. Mobility impacts in the corporate social
responsibility, 2018.
CHAPTER 3
[1] G. Gentile, S. Carrarini. Analysis of mobility habits of Unipol’s
Employees in the city of Turin by using Software “MobilityManager”, 2017.
[2] G. Gentile, D. Guitto. Mobility impacts in the corporate social
responsibility, 2018.
CHAPTER 4
[1] E. Cascetta. Transportation system Analysis: Models and Applications.
Spinger, New York, 2009.
[2] G. Gentile, Noekel. Modelling Public Transport Passenger Flows in the
Era of Intelligent Transport Systems; COST Action TU1004 (TransITS).
131
CHAPTERS 5 AND 6
[1] NASA. 20 anni di cambiamenti climatici, 2018.
[2] S. Hemminki. Transportation Mode Detection techniques, 2016.
[3] ISS (Istituto Superiore della Sanità). Attività fisica, 2018.
[4] SSN (National Health Service). Physical activity guidelines, 2018.
[5] World Health Organization. Physical Activity and Adults, 2018.
[6] Department of Health & Human Services. Physical Activity Guidelines
Advisory Committee Scientific Report, 2018.
[7] Christine Hancock. The benefits of regular walking for health, well-being
and the environment, 2012.
[8] OECD Health statistics. Spendind on health, 2018.
[9] ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica). Popolazione e famiglie, 2018.
[10] G. Gentile, D. Guitto. Mobility impacts in the corporate social
responsibility, 2018.
CHAPTER 8
[1] Marco Troglia. Crediti di mobilità: nuovi strumenti di gestione, 2012.
132
ANNEX 1 – TRACKING DATA REPORT (17/10/2018)
Latitude
Longitude
Horizontal accuracy
Detected
Stored (DB) TZ
Speed
ID user email user
Version
4,18901E+1
5 1,250
3E+15 65
11/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 0
156
1600
4,189E+15
1,25031E+1
5 10
11/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
486
156
1600
4,18898E+1
5
1,25031E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
413
156
1600
4,18897E+1
5
1,25032E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
438
156
1600
4,18895E+1
5
1,25033E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
691
156
1600
4,18895E+1
5
1,25035E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
719
156
1600
4,18896E+1
5
1,25037E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 72
156
1600
4,18897E+1
5 1,250
4E+15 25
11/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
567
156
1600
4,18898E+1
5
1,25042E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
533
156
1600
4,18898E+1
5
1,25044E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
534
156
1600
4,18897E+1
5
1,25047E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
333
156
1600
4,18897E+1
5
1,25049E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
613
156
1600
4,18898E+1
5
1,25051E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
493
156
1600
4,18899E+1
5
1,25053E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 68
156
1600
4,189E+15
1,25055E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
507
156
1600
4,18901E+1
5
1,25058E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
522
156
1600
133
4,18902E+1
5 1,250
6E+15 25
11/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
551
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25062E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
658
156
1600
4,18904E+1
5
1,25064E+1
5 25
11/10/2018
17.29
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
511
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25067E+1
5 50
11/10/2018
17.29
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
333
156
1600
4,18902E+1
5
1,25069E+1
5 200
11/10/2018
17.29
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
907
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25013E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.22
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
328
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25015E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.22
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
659
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25018E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.22
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
561
156
1600
4,18902E+1
5 1,250
2E+15 25
12/10/2018
17.22
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
429
156
1600
4,18902E+1
5
1,25022E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.23
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
418
156
1600
4,18902E+1
5
1,25025E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.23
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
403
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25027E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.23
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
454
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5 1,250
3E+15 25
12/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
563
156
1600
4,18901E+1
5
1,25031E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
593
156
1600
4,18899E+1
5
1,25032E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
418
156
1600
4,18898E+1
5
1,25033E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
567
156
1600
4,18896E+1
5
1,25034E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
495
156
1600
4,18895E+1
5
1,25035E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 63
156
1600
134
4,18895E+1
5
1,25038E+1
5 327
12/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
367
156
1600
4,18896E+1
5 1,250
4E+15 25
12/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
589
156
1600
4,18896E+1
5
1,25042E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
488
156
1600
4,18897E+1
5
1,25044E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
531
156
1600
4,18898E+1
5
1,25047E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 39
156
1600
4,18899E+1
5
1,25049E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
539
156
1600
4,18899E+1
5
1,25052E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
464
156
1600
4,18901E+1
5
1,25053E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 48
156
1600
4,18901E+1
5
1,25055E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
498
156
1600
4,18901E+1
5
1,25058E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
565
156
1600
4,18901E+1
5 1,250
6E+15 25
12/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
498
156
1600
4,18902E+1
5
1,25062E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
565
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25065E+1
5 25
12/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
434
156
1600
4,18902E+1
5
1,25067E+1
5 30
12/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
517
156
1600
4,189E+15
1,25071E+1
5 200
12/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1377
156
1600
4,18901E+1
5
1,25068E+1
5 50
12/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
132
156
1600
4,18893E+1
5
1,25077E+1
5 6878
12/10/2018
17.30
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
472
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25047E+1
5 1414
12/10/2018
17.32
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1014
156
1600
135
4,18894E+1
5
1,25034E+1
5 10
16/10/2018
17.04
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4962
156
1600
4,18898E+1
5
1,25032E+1
5 30
16/10/2018
17.05
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2228
156
1600
4,18897E+1
5
1,25032E+1
5 30
16/10/2018
17.05
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
345
156
1600
4,18896E+1
5
1,25034E+1
5 10
16/10/2018
17.05
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1531
156
1600
4,18897E+1
5
1,25039E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.05
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
352
156
1600
4,18898E+1
5
1,25042E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.06
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 62
156
1600
4,18897E+1
5
1,25044E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.06
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
283
156
1600
4,18897E+1
5
1,25046E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.06
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
465
156
1600
4,18898E+1
5
1,25049E+1
5 258
16/10/2018
17.07
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
515
156
1600
4,18899E+1
5
1,25051E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.07
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
491
156
1600
4,189E+15
1,25053E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.07
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
455
156
1600
4,189E+15
1,25055E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.07
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
466
156
1600
4,18902E+1
5
1,25057E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.08
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
561
156
1600
4,18902E+1
5 1,250
6E+15 25
16/10/2018
17.08
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
635
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25062E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.08
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
478
156
1600
4,18904E+1
5
1,25064E+1
5 25
16/10/2018
17.08
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
388
156
1600
4,18903E+1
5
1,25066E+1
5 50
16/10/2018
17.09
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 37
156
1600
4,18905E+1
5
1,25069E+1
5 1401
16/10/2018
17.09
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
442
156
1600
136
4,18923E+1
5
1,25047E+1
5 1414
16/10/2018
17.10
17/10/2018
12.38
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1854
156
1600
4,18924E+1
5
1,24986E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.50
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
662
179
1600
4,18925E+1
5
1,24984E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.50
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
355
179
1600
4,18927E+1
5
1,24983E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.50
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
449
179
1600
4,18928E+1
5
1,24981E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.51
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
427
179
1600
4,1893E+15
1,2498E+15 10
17/10/2018
13.51
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
481
179
1600
4,18931E+1
5
1,24978E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.51
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
515
179
1600
4,18933E+1
5
1,24976E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.51
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
581
179
1600
4,18934E+1
5
1,24974E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.52
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
468
179
1600
4,18935E+1
5
1,24973E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.52
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
529
179
1600
4,18937E+1
5
1,24971E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.52
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
387
179
1600
4,18936E+1
5
1,24969E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.53
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
362
179
1600
4,18936E+1
5
1,24966E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.53
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
486
179
1600
4,18935E+1
5
1,24964E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.53
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
513
179
1600
4,18935E+1
5
1,24961E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.53
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
493
179
1600
4,18935E+1
5
1,24959E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.54
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
493
179
1600
4,18934E+1
5
1,24957E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.54
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
501
179
1600
4,18935E+1
5
1,24954E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.54
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
517
179
1600
137
4,18935E+1
5
1,24952E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.54
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
423
179
1600
4,18936E+1
5
1,24949E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.55
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
518
179
1600
4,18936E+1
5
1,24947E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.55
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
563
179
1600
4,18936E+1
5
1,24945E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.55
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
504
179
1600
4,18936E+1
5
1,24942E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.56
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 27
179
1600
4,18935E+1
5 1,249
4E+15 10
17/10/2018
13.56
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
295
179
1600
4,18934E+1
5
1,24938E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.56
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
339
179
1600
4,18933E+1
5
1,24935E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
13.57
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
627
179
1600
4,18932E+1
5
1,24936E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
14.04
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 14
179
1600
4,18952E+1
5
1,24908E+1
5 1414
17/10/2018
14.04
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2436
179
1600
4,18932E+1
5
1,24934E+1
5 200
17/10/2018
14.05
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4797
179
1600
4,18932E+1
5
1,24933E+1
5 50
17/10/2018
14.05
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
245
179
1600
4,1893E+15
1,24933E+1
5 50
17/10/2018
14.05
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
481
179
1600
4,18931E+1
5
1,24934E+1
5 30
17/10/2018
14.06
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
398
179
1600
4,18934E+1
5
1,24934E+1
5 200
17/10/2018
14.06
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
236
179
1600
4,18934E+1
5
1,24933E+1
5 50
17/10/2018
14.07
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
309
179
1600
4,18932E+1
5
1,24936E+1
5 50
17/10/2018
14.07
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1527
179
1600
4,18933E+1
5
1,24933E+1
5 50
17/10/2018
14.07
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
395
179
1600
138
4,18933E+1
5
1,24935E+1
5 50
17/10/2018
14.07
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
801
179
1600
4,18934E+1
5
1,24936E+1
5 10
17/10/2018
14.08
17/10/2018
14.42
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
273
179
1600
4,19091E+1
5
1,24963E+1
5 61
17/10/2018
15.34
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1712
181
1600
4,19092E+1
5
1,24966E+1
5 34
17/10/2018
15.34
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
635
181
1600
4,19094E+1
5
1,24969E+1
5 62
17/10/2018
15.34
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1069
181
1600
4,19096E+1
5
1,24971E+1
5 77
17/10/2018
15.35
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
858
181
1600
4,19099E+1
5
1,24975E+1
5 53
17/10/2018
15.35
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
571
181
1600
4,191E+15
1,24977E+1
5 45
17/10/2018
15.36
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600) 1
181
1600
4,19103E+1
5
1,24981E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.37
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1797
181
1600
4,19105E+1
5
1,24987E+1
5 68
17/10/2018
15.37
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1713
181
1600
4,19108E+1
5
1,24987E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.37
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1118
181
1600
4,19112E+1
5
1,24986E+1
5 48
17/10/2018
15.37
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
878
181
1600
4,19114E+1
5
1,24986E+1
5 75
17/10/2018
15.38
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
204
181
1600
4,19117E+1
5
1,24989E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.38
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1746
181
1600
4,19122E+1
5
1,24997E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.38
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2664
181
1600
4,19127E+1
5
1,25004E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
15.38
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2937
181
1600
4,19131E+1
5
1,25012E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.39
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2511
181
1600
4,19134E+1
5 1,250
2E+15 16
17/10/2018
15.39
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2559
181
1600
139
4,19138E+1
5
1,25026E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.39
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
231
181
1600
4,1914E+15
1,25031E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.39
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1539
181
1600
4,19143E+1
5
1,25037E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.39
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
218
181
1600
4,19145E+1
5
1,25041E+1
5 95
17/10/2018
15.39
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1325
181
1600
4,19147E+1
5
1,25043E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.40
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
229
181
1600
4,19152E+1
5
1,25047E+1
5 137
17/10/2018
15.40
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2295
181
1600
4,19153E+1
5
1,25049E+1
5 78
17/10/2018
15.41
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
278
181
1600
4,19157E+1
5
1,25052E+1
5 106
17/10/2018
15.41
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1166
181
1600
4,19167E+1
5
1,25052E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.41
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3826
181
1600
4,19169E+1
5
1,25056E+1
5 59
17/10/2018
15.41
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
102
181
1600
4,19171E+1
5
1,25057E+1
5 54
17/10/2018
15.42
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
415
181
1600
4,19177E+1
5
1,25057E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
15.42
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2456
181
1600
4,19185E+1
5
1,25063E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.42
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
319
181
1600
4,19198E+1
5
1,25085E+1
5 48
17/10/2018
15.43
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
133
181
1600
4,19201E+1
5 1,250
9E+15 12
17/10/2018
15.43
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1956
181
1600
4,19204E+1
5
1,25094E+1
5 52
17/10/2018
15.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1497
181
1600
4,19206E+1
5
1,25097E+1
5 47
17/10/2018
15.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1322
181
1600
4,19208E+1
5
1,25099E+1
5 61
17/10/2018
15.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
791
181
1600
140
4,19212E+1
5
1,25103E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1827
181
1600
4,19217E+1
5
1,25109E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2279
181
1600
4,19222E+1
5
1,25115E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
282
181
1600
4,19228E+1
5
1,25119E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.45
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2604
181
1600
4,19231E+1
5
1,25127E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.45
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2511
181
1600
4,19233E+1
5
1,25133E+1
5 201
17/10/2018
15.45
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1763
181
1600
4,19233E+1
5
1,25137E+1
5 117
17/10/2018
15.45
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1241
181
1600
4,19234E+1
5 1,251
4E+15 28
17/10/2018
15.46
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
295
181
1600
4,19237E+1
5
1,25149E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.46
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3267
181
1600
4,19242E+1
5
1,25155E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.46
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2231
181
1600
4,19246E+1
5
1,25158E+1
5 74
17/10/2018
15.46
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1769
181
1600
4,1925E+15
1,25158E+1
5 9
17/10/2018
15.47
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
523
181
1600
4,19253E+1
5
1,25157E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.47
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
927
181
1600
4,1926E+15
1,25157E+1
5 123
17/10/2018
15.47
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2644
181
1600
4,19262E+1
5
1,25158E+1
5 111
17/10/2018
15.47
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
902
181
1600
4,19264E+1
5
1,25158E+1
5 102
17/10/2018
15.48
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
386
181
1600
4,19278E+1
5
1,25159E+1
5 234
17/10/2018
15.48
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2817
181
1600
4,19285E+1
5
1,25159E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
15.48
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2387
181
1600
141
4,1929E+15
1,2516E+15 8
17/10/2018
15.49
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
266
181
1600
4,19294E+1
5
1,25163E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.50
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1909
181
1600
4,19297E+1
5
1,25166E+1
5 98
17/10/2018
15.50
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
477
181
1600
4,19301E+1
5
1,25171E+1
5 136
17/10/2018
15.50
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2005
181
1600
4,19303E+1
5
1,25176E+1
5 102
17/10/2018
15.50
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1631
181
1600
4,19306E+1
5 1,251
8E+15 74
17/10/2018
15.51
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1102
181
1600
4,19311E+1
5
1,25184E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.51
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2028
181
1600
4,19317E+1
5
1,25193E+1
5 161
17/10/2018
15.51
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2897
181
1600
4,19323E+1
5
1,25201E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.51
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2886
181
1600
4,19326E+1
5
1,25204E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.52
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
226
181
1600
4,1933E+15
1,25208E+1
5 152
17/10/2018
15.52
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1822
181
1600
4,19331E+1
5 1,252
1E+15 6
17/10/2018
15.54
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600) 94
181
1600
4,19337E+1
5
1,25216E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.54
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2952
181
1600
4,19345E+1
5
1,25225E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.54
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3962
181
1600
4,19356E+1
5
1,25237E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.55
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
5382
181
1600
4,19364E+1
5
1,25248E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.55
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
4698
181
1600
4,19374E+1
5
1,25259E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
15.55
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
523
181
1600
4,19383E+1
5
1,25269E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.55
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
4287
181
1600
142
4,19388E+1
5
1,25274E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.56
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
472
181
1600
4,19391E+1
5
1,25279E+1
5 53
17/10/2018
15.56
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
196
181
1600
4,19392E+1
5
1,25284E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.57
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
327
181
1600
4,19394E+1
5
1,25293E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.57
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2426
181
1600
4,19399E+1
5
1,25293E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.57
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2219
181
1600
4,19404E+1
5
1,25292E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.57
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1858
181
1600
4,19412E+1
5
1,25292E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.58
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3101
181
1600
4,19419E+1
5
1,25293E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.58
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2976
181
1600
4,19427E+1
5
1,25295E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.58
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2955
181
1600
4,19434E+1
5
1,25293E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.58
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
272
181
1600
4,19438E+1
5
1,25287E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.58
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2287
181
1600
4,19444E+1
5
1,25278E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.00
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
157
181
1600
4,19451E+1
5 1,252
7E+15 8
17/10/2018
16.00
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2988
181
1600
4,19456E+1
5
1,25265E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.00
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2797
181
1600
4,19458E+1
5
1,25261E+1
5 55
17/10/2018
16.01
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
222
181
1600
4,19463E+1
5
1,25255E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.01
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2361
181
1600
4,1947E+15
1,25256E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
16.01
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
279
181
1600
4,19475E+1
5
1,25257E+1
5 56
17/10/2018
16.02
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
437
181
1600
143
4,19484E+1
5
1,25259E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.02
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3579
181
1600
4,19494E+1
5
1,25261E+1
5 276
17/10/2018
16.03
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2893
181
1600
4,19496E+1
5
1,25263E+1
5 102
17/10/2018
16.03
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
981
181
1600
4,19499E+1
5
1,25264E+1
5 223
17/10/2018
16.03
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
244
181
1600
4,19501E+1
5
1,25267E+1
5 221
17/10/2018
16.04
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1127
181
1600
4,19507E+1
5
1,25289E+1
5 600
17/10/2018
16.04
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1912
181
1600
4,19504E+1
5
1,25264E+1
5 400
17/10/2018
16.04
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
759
181
1600
4,19506E+1
5
1,25271E+1
5 164
17/10/2018
16.05
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2138
181
1600
4,19509E+1
5
1,25269E+1
5 218
17/10/2018
16.05
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
539
181
1600
4,19521E+1
5
1,25257E+1
5 48
17/10/2018
16.05
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
4018
181
1600
4,19517E+1
5
1,25257E+1
5 51
17/10/2018
16.05
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1521
181
1600
4,19514E+1
5
1,25259E+1
5 42
17/10/2018
16.06
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
904
181
1600
4,19511E+1
5
1,25262E+1
5 42
17/10/2018
16.06
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
458
181
1600
4,19508E+1
5
1,25263E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.07
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
498
181
1600
4,19518E+1
5
1,25285E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.10
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
427
181
1600
4,19526E+1
5
1,25292E+1
5 4
17/10/2018
16.10
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3572
181
1600
4,19533E+1
5
1,25299E+1
5 4
17/10/2018
16.10
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3355
181
1600
4,19539E+1
5
1,25307E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.10
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3114
181
1600
144
4,19543E+1
5
1,25313E+1
5 4
17/10/2018
16.10
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2225
181
1600
4,19545E+1
5
1,25323E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.11
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2652
181
1600
4,19544E+1
5
1,25333E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.11
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3106
181
1600
4,19541E+1
5
1,25344E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.11
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3205
181
1600
4,19537E+1
5
1,25352E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.11
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2785
181
1600
4,19533E+1
5
1,25357E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.11
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2378
181
1600
4,19527E+1
5
1,25362E+1
5 33
17/10/2018
16.12
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1634
181
1600
4,19522E+1
5
1,25363E+1
5 58
17/10/2018
16.12
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2275
181
1600
4,19514E+1
5
1,25366E+1
5 4
17/10/2018
16.12
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2913
181
1600
4,19505E+1
5
1,25368E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.12
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3224
181
1600
4,19498E+1
5
1,25368E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.12
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3048
181
1600
4,1949E+15
1,25369E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.12
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
273
181
1600
4,19483E+1
5 1,253
7E+15 6
17/10/2018
16.13
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2871
181
1600
4,19478E+1
5
1,25371E+1
5 53
17/10/2018
16.13
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
201
181
1600
4,19474E+1
5
1,25372E+1
5 53
17/10/2018
16.13
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1557
181
1600
4,19468E+1
5
1,25374E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.13
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2281
181
1600
4,19462E+1
5
1,25377E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.13
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2163
181
1600
4,19458E+1
5
1,25377E+1
5 75
17/10/2018
16.14
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
552
181
1600
145
4,19432E+1
5
1,25373E+1
5 43
17/10/2018
16.18
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
798
181
1600
4,19429E+1
5
1,25372E+1
5 56
17/10/2018
16.18
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1096
181
1600
4,19424E+1
5
1,25369E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.18
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
221
181
1600
4,19421E+1
5
1,25366E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
601
181
1600
4,1942E+15
1,25364E+1
5 53
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
534
181
1600
4,19418E+1
5 1,253
6E+15 3
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
834
181
1600
4,19419E+1
5
1,25362E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.20
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
263
181
1600
4,19419E+1
5
1,25365E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.20
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600) 85
181
1600
4,19418E+1
5
1,25367E+1
5 33
17/10/2018
16.20
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
559
181
1600
4,19421E+1
5
1,25368E+1
5 176
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600) 53
181
1600
4,19423E+1
5
1,25368E+1
5 505
17/10/2018
16.35
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600) 13
181
1600
4,19425E+1
5
1,25369E+1
5 33
17/10/2018
16.41
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600) 18
181
1600
4,1943E+15
1,25371E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.41
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2164
181
1600
4,19436E+1
5
1,25376E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.42
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2398
181
1600
4,19442E+1
5
1,25378E+1
5 4
17/10/2018
16.42
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2745
181
1600
4,19448E+1
5
1,25381E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.42
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2337
181
1600
4,19452E+1
5
1,25381E+1
5 45
17/10/2018
16.42
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1631
181
1600
4,19454E+1
5 1,253
8E+15 36
17/10/2018
16.42
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
548
181
1600
146
4,19457E+1
5
1,25378E+1
5 36
17/10/2018
16.42
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
115
181
1600
4,1946E+15
1,25377E+1
5 46
17/10/2018
16.43
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600) 41
181
1600
4,19464E+1
5
1,25376E+1
5 34
17/10/2018
16.43
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1074
181
1600
4,19466E+1
5
1,25375E+1
5 38
17/10/2018
16.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
667
181
1600
4,19468E+1
5
1,25373E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
656
181
1600
4,19474E+1
5
1,25371E+1
5 39
17/10/2018
16.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2252
181
1600
4,19476E+1
5
1,25367E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
1295
181
1600
4,19479E+1
5
1,25358E+1
5 4
17/10/2018
16.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2573
181
1600
4,1948E+15
1,2535E+15 49
17/10/2018
16.44
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2129
181
1600
4,19481E+1
5
1,25345E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.45
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600) 56
181
1600
4,19483E+1
5
1,25338E+1
5 47
17/10/2018
16.45
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
2075
181
1600
4,19484E+1
5
1,25335E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.46
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
457
181
1600
4,19487E+1
5
1,25324E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.46
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
3331
181
1600
4,19493E+1
5
1,25323E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.47
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
262
181
1600
4,19495E+1
5
1,25324E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.47
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
491
181
1600
4,19496E+1
5
1,25325E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.48
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
429
181
1600
4,19498E+1
5
1,25325E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.48
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
446
181
1600
4,195E+15
1,25327E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.48
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
472
181
1600
147
4,19502E+1
5
1,25327E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.48
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
511
181
1600
4,19503E+1
5
1,25328E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
498
181
1600
4,19505E+1
5
1,25329E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
465
181
1600
4,19507E+1
5 1,253
3E+15 3
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
388
181
1600
4,19509E+1
5 1,253
3E+15 3
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
455
181
1600
4,19509E+1
5
1,25327E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
734
181
1600
4,1951E+15
1,25325E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
434
181
1600
4,19511E+1
5
1,25323E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
502
181
1600
4,19512E+1
5
1,25321E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
411
181
1600
4,19514E+1
5 1,253
2E+15 3
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
427
181
1600
4,19515E+1
5
1,25318E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
535
181
1600
4,19515E+1
5
1,25315E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
562
181
1600
4,19517E+1
5
1,25314E+1
5 42
17/10/2018
16.52
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
271
181
1600
4,19519E+1
5
1,25316E+1
5 42
17/10/2018
16.52
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
335
181
1600
4,19521E+1
5
1,25317E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.52
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
789
181
1600
4,19523E+1
5
1,25317E+1
5 3
17/10/2018
16.53
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
384
181
1600
4,19524E+1
5
1,25318E+1
5 31
17/10/2018
16.53
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
437
181
1600
4,19526E+1
5
1,25317E+1
5 4
17/10/2018
16.53
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
335
181
1600
148
4,19528E+1
5
1,25316E+1
5 42
17/10/2018
16.54
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
218
181
1600
4,19529E+1
5
1,25314E+1
5 43
17/10/2018
16.54
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
474
181
1600
4,19532E+1
5
1,25313E+1
5 1653
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
129
181
1600
4,19528E+1
5 1,253
2E+15 156
17/10/2018
16.58
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
219
181
1600
4,19528E+1
5
1,25318E+1
5 364
17/10/2018
16.58
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
439
181
1600
4,19529E+1
5
1,25315E+1
5 1368
17/10/2018
16.58
17/10/2018
17.09
CEST Europe/Rome (3600 - 3600)
527
181
1600
4,19118E+1
5
1,24772E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1903
4 18
1600
4,19117E+1
5
1,24759E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3688
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24752E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2729
182
1600
4,19114E+1
5
1,24747E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3131
182
1600
4,19112E+1
5
1,24739E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3288
182
1600
4,1911E+15
1,24731E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 33
182
1600
4,19114E+1
5
1,24728E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3046
182
1600
4,19119E+1
5
1,24726E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4383
182
1600
4,19124E+1
5
1,24725E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3648
182
1600
4,1913E+15
1,24723E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4948
182
1600
4,19137E+1
5
1,24719E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
15.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3806
182
1600
4,19143E+1
5
1,24717E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2418
182
1600
149
4,19145E+1
5
1,24712E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1726
182
1600
4,19144E+1
5
1,24705E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4312
182
1600
4,19144E+1
5
1,24702E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
165
182
1600
4,19168E+1
5
1,24684E+1
5 7371
17/10/2018
15.29
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1295
182
1600
4,1916E+15
1,2464E+15 25
17/10/2018
15.29
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1340
7 18
1600
4,19164E+1
5
1,24635E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.29
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2428
182
1600
4,1916E+15
1,24628E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.29
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4085
182
1600
4,19156E+1
5
1,24622E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.29
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3852
182
1600
4,19155E+1
5
1,24614E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.29
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3962
182
1600
4,19153E+1
5
1,24605E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4436
182
1600
4,19153E+1
5
1,24595E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5171
182
1600
4,19154E+1
5
1,24585E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4803
182
1600
4,19154E+1
5
1,24578E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1869
182
1600
4,19156E+1
5
1,24571E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3107
182
1600
4,19158E+1
5
1,24567E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1463
182
1600
4,19161E+1
5
1,24562E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3561
182
1600
4,19164E+1
5
1,24557E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
278
182
1600
4,19166E+1
5
1,24552E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.31
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1739
182
1600
150
4,19168E+1
5
1,24547E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.31
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2559
182
1600
4,19167E+1
5
1,24542E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.31
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1812
182
1600
4,19159E+1
5
1,24533E+1
5 151
17/10/2018
15.31
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4298
182
1600
4,19153E+1
5
1,24529E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.31
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2985
182
1600
4,19149E+1
5
1,24524E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.31
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2819
182
1600
4,19148E+1
5
1,24522E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.31
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1271
182
1600
4,19149E+1
5
1,24516E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.31
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3381
182
1600
4,19153E+1
5
1,24511E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3311
182
1600
4,1915E+15
1,24507E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1255
182
1600
4,19145E+1
5
1,24506E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
15.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2432
182
1600
4,19142E+1
5
1,24502E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2411
182
1600
4,19137E+1
5
1,24499E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
15.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3929
182
1600
4,19131E+1
5
1,24495E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3071
182
1600
4,19126E+1
5
1,24491E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2879
182
1600
4,19123E+1
5
1,24489E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1715
182
1600
4,19119E+1
5
1,24487E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2317
182
1600
4,19117E+1
5
1,24479E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2621
182
1600
4,19117E+1
5
1,24471E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
15.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3873
182
1600
151
4,19118E+1
5
1,24462E+1
5 48
17/10/2018
15.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
113
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24464E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
15.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 92
182
1600
4,19114E+1
5
1,24468E+1
5 48
17/10/2018
15.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1631
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
15.39
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 87
182
1600
4,19112E+1
5 1,244
7E+15 693
17/10/2018
15.40
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1006
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 20
17/10/2018
15.42
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
132
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24468E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
15.43
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
134
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24465E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
15.43
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
208
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24467E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
15.44
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
116
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
15.45
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 51
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 865
17/10/2018
15.47
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 14
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 865
17/10/2018
15.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 0
182
1600
4,19113E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 96
17/10/2018
15.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
248
182
1600
4,19113E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 64
17/10/2018
15.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
103
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24465E+1
5 128
17/10/2018
15.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1574
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24464E+1
5 64
17/10/2018
15.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
434
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24463E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
15.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
121
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 28
17/10/2018
15.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
432
182
1600
152
4,19113E+1
5
1,24467E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
15.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
391
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
15.52
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 6
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
15.52
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 0
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24463E+1
5 64
17/10/2018
15.53
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
276
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
15.53
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
707
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
15.54
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 9
182
1600
4,19117E+1
5
1,24468E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
15.54
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
545
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24467E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
16.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 3
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24467E+1
5 1057
17/10/2018
16.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 12
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24467E+1
5 427
17/10/2018
16.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 57
182
1600
4,19117E+1
5
1,24467E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
16.05
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 5
182
1600
4,19114E+1
5
1,24467E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
16.06
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
116
182
1600
4,19112E+1
5
1,24466E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
16.06
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1495
182
1600
4,19114E+1
5
1,24462E+1
5 519
17/10/2018
16.06
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1268
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24464E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.06
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
316
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24467E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.07
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 33
182
1600
4,19113E+1
5
1,24468E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.07
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
252
182
1600
4,1911E+15
1,24472E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.07
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3744
182
1600
153
4,19108E+1
5
1,24479E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.08
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3153
182
1600
4,19117E+1
5
1,24485E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.08
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4952
182
1600
4,19123E+1
5
1,24488E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.08
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4603
182
1600
4,19129E+1
5
1,24493E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.08
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4813
182
1600
4,19136E+1
5
1,24498E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.08
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4236
182
1600
4,19143E+1
5
1,24503E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.08
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
498
182
1600
4,19148E+1
5
1,24507E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.08
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1758
182
1600
4,19154E+1
5
1,24507E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.08
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
404
182
1600
4,1916E+15
1,24508E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.09
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3392
182
1600
4,19165E+1
5
1,24508E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.09
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2487
182
1600
4,19169E+1
5 1,245
1E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.10
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
198
182
1600
4,19168E+1
5
1,24508E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.11
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
187
182
1600
4,19169E+1
5 1,245
1E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.13
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 65
182
1600
4,19168E+1
5
1,24508E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.13
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
404
182
1600
4,19169E+1
5 1,245
1E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.13
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
662
182
1600
4,19131E+1
5
1,24526E+1
5 864
17/10/2018
16.15
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1175
182
1600
4,19134E+1
5
1,24542E+1
5 64
17/10/2018
16.15
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6269
182
1600
4,19133E+1
5
1,24543E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.16
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 43
182
1600
154
4,19129E+1
5
1,24543E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.16
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2587
182
1600
4,19123E+1
5
1,24544E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.16
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
349
182
1600
4,19117E+1
5
1,24546E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
16.16
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2634
182
1600
4,19113E+1
5
1,24547E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.16
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2754
182
1600
4,19109E+1
5
1,24547E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.16
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3288
182
1600
4,19106E+1
5
1,24548E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.17
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
263
182
1600
4,19096E+1
5
1,24551E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.17
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4018
182
1600
4,19092E+1
5
1,24552E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.17
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1438
182
1600
4,19081E+1
5
1,24554E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.18
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5319
182
1600
4,19074E+1
5
1,24556E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.18
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5257
182
1600
4,19066E+1
5
1,24558E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.18
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5003
182
1600
4,19062E+1
5
1,24566E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.18
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3877
182
1600
4,19058E+1
5
1,24583E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.18
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1616
182
1600
4,1906E+15
1,2459E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2735
182
1600
4,1906E+15
1,24596E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
318
182
1600
4,1906E+15
1,24603E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3287
182
1600
4,19059E+1
5
1,24609E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2975
182
1600
4,19059E+1
5
1,24617E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2763
182
1600
155
4,19058E+1
5
1,24623E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2996
182
1600
4,19058E+1
5 1,246
3E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4412
182
1600
4,19057E+1
5
1,24637E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2186
182
1600
4,19057E+1
5
1,24643E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2556
182
1600
4,19056E+1
5
1,24648E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.20
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1944
182
1600
4,19056E+1
5
1,24654E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.20
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3446
182
1600
4,19055E+1
5
1,24661E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.20
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3654
182
1600
4,19055E+1
5
1,24669E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.20
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4156
182
1600
4,19054E+1
5
1,24677E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.20
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2991
182
1600
4,19054E+1
5
1,24682E+1
5 25
17/10/2018
16.20
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1858
182
1600
4,19053E+1
5
1,24691E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
16.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 81
182
1600
4,19053E+1
5
1,24692E+1
5 2645
17/10/2018
16.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
119
182
1600
4,19055E+1
5
1,24681E+1
5 200
17/10/2018
16.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3027
182
1600
4,19057E+1
5
1,24664E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
16.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5461
182
1600
4,19057E+1
5
1,24657E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3326
182
1600
4,19056E+1
5
1,24649E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3805
182
1600
4,19057E+1
5
1,24642E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1712
182
1600
4,19057E+1
5
1,24636E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 7
182
1600
156
4,1906E+15
1,24633E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2019
182
1600
4,19067E+1
5 1,246
3E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3298
182
1600
4,19072E+1
5
1,24629E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1589
182
1600
4,19074E+1
5
1,24628E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 15
182
1600
4,19077E+1
5
1,24626E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2999
182
1600
4,19082E+1
5
1,24624E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2769
182
1600
4,19086E+1
5
1,24623E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3002
182
1600
4,1909E+15
1,24621E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2752
182
1600
4,19093E+1
5 1,246
2E+15 24
17/10/2018
16.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1535
182
1600
4,19097E+1
5
1,24618E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1323
182
1600
4,19098E+1
5
1,24618E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
733
182
1600
4,191E+15
1,24617E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.29
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 14
182
1600
4,19102E+1
5
1,24616E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.29
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1254
182
1600
4,19106E+1
5
1,24615E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2785
182
1600
4,19115E+1
5
1,24611E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3048
182
1600
4,19117E+1
5 1,246
1E+15 32
17/10/2018
16.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
379
182
1600
4,19119E+1
5
1,24609E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1054
182
1600
4,19119E+1
5
1,24601E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2719
182
1600
157
4,19118E+1
5
1,24594E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.30
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4422
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24587E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.31
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4473
182
1600
4,19113E+1
5
1,24581E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
358
182
1600
4,19112E+1
5
1,24576E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
318
182
1600
4,19112E+1
5
1,24569E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2694
182
1600
4,19116E+1
5
1,24568E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1446
182
1600
4,1912E+15
1,24566E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
197
182
1600
4,19126E+1
5
1,24565E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3314
182
1600
4,19125E+1
5 1,245
6E+15 32
17/10/2018
16.32
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2026
182
1600
4,19123E+1
5
1,24552E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2877
182
1600
4,19122E+1
5
1,24547E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1686
182
1600
4,19121E+1
5
1,24543E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 75
182
1600
4,19119E+1
5 1,245
3E+15 32
17/10/2018
16.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2889
182
1600
4,19122E+1
5
1,24527E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3079
182
1600
4,19125E+1
5
1,24524E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.33
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2932
182
1600
4,19131E+1
5
1,24518E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3882
182
1600
4,19136E+1
5
1,24514E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4623
182
1600
4,19142E+1
5
1,24508E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4671
182
1600
158
4,19147E+1
5
1,24503E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3424
182
1600
4,1915E+15
1,24499E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
264
182
1600
4,19159E+1
5
1,24496E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3976
182
1600
4,19164E+1
5
1,24497E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4522
182
1600
4,1917E+15
1,24496E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4425
182
1600
4,19175E+1
5
1,24493E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.34
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2447
182
1600
4,19177E+1
5
1,24499E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.35
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2247
182
1600
4,1918E+15
1,24505E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.35
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4372
182
1600
4,19181E+1
5
1,24498E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.35
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1571
182
1600
4,19183E+1
5
1,24495E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.35
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
949
182
1600
4,1919E+15
1,24499E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.35
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3312
182
1600
4,19198E+1
5
1,24485E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
16.35
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5949
182
1600
4,19206E+1
5 1,244
8E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.35
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4824
182
1600
4,19215E+1
5
1,24479E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.36
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7886
182
1600
4,19223E+1
5
1,24479E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
16.36
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3218
182
1600
4,19228E+1
5 1,244
8E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.36
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
653
182
1600
4,19231E+1
5 1,244
8E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.36
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1741
182
1600
4,19233E+1
5 1,244
8E+15 24
17/10/2018
16.36
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1687
182
1600
159
4,19239E+1
5
1,24481E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
244
182
1600
4,19245E+1
5 1,244
8E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5191
182
1600
4,19252E+1
5
1,24478E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4956
182
1600
4,19258E+1
5
1,24476E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
16.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3863
182
1600
4,19264E+1
5
1,24474E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3199
182
1600
4,19269E+1
5
1,24472E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4416
182
1600
4,19273E+1
5
1,24468E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
206
182
1600
4,19278E+1
5
1,24464E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3746
182
1600
4,19283E+1
5
1,24461E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.37
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3787
182
1600
4,19289E+1
5
1,24461E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.38
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2554
182
1600
4,19296E+1
5
1,24462E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.38
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3646
182
1600
4,19302E+1
5 1,244
6E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.38
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4194
182
1600
4,19306E+1
5
1,24455E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.38
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4347
182
1600
4,19311E+1
5
1,24451E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.38
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4149
182
1600
4,19317E+1
5
1,24448E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.38
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4088
182
1600
4,19323E+1
5
1,24445E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.38
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4012
182
1600
4,19328E+1
5
1,24443E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.38
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2901
182
1600
4,19333E+1
5
1,24441E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.39
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2394
182
1600
160
4,19337E+1
5
1,24439E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.39
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
343
182
1600
4,19342E+1
5
1,24437E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.39
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3136
182
1600
4,19346E+1
5
1,24436E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.39
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1363
182
1600
4,19348E+1
5
1,24436E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.39
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
938
182
1600
4,1935E+15
1,24435E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.39
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
547
182
1600
4,19351E+1
5 1,244
3E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.40
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
981
182
1600
4,19349E+1
5
1,24429E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.40
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1069
182
1600
4,19348E+1
5
1,24424E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.40
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1998
182
1600
4,19346E+1
5
1,24419E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.40
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2669
182
1600
4,19344E+1
5
1,24412E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.40
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2723
182
1600
4,19343E+1
5
1,24407E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.40
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
271
182
1600
4,19341E+1
5 1,244E+15 6
17/10/2018
16.40
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2915
182
1600
4,19344E+1
5
1,24393E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.40
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2981
182
1600
4,1935E+15
1,24387E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.41
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4301
182
1600
4,19354E+1
5 1,243
8E+15 8
17/10/2018
16.41
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
509
182
1600
4,19358E+1
5
1,24375E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.41
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3296
182
1600
4,19359E+1
5
1,24266E+1
5 1200
17/10/2018
16.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1941
182
1600
4,19377E+1
5
1,24269E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7082
182
1600
161
4,19377E+1
5
1,24263E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1881
182
1600
4,19379E+1
5
1,24258E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3237
182
1600
4,19391E+1
5
1,24247E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.48
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5806
182
1600
4,19397E+1
5
1,24241E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3726
182
1600
4,19402E+1
5
1,24237E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3709
182
1600
4,19411E+1
5
1,24223E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5508
182
1600
4,19415E+1
5
1,24215E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4897
182
1600
4,19419E+1
5
1,24206E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4488
182
1600
4,19424E+1
5
1,24199E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4482
182
1600
4,1943E+15
1,24194E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5158
182
1600
4,19438E+1
5
1,24189E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4611
182
1600
4,19443E+1
5
1,24186E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.49
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3931
182
1600
4,19448E+1
5
1,24182E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
402
182
1600
4,19453E+1
5
1,24178E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3822
182
1600
4,19458E+1
5
1,24174E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2506
182
1600
4,19463E+1
5 1,241
7E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3501
182
1600
4,19468E+1
5
1,24165E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4746
182
1600
4,19474E+1
5
1,24158E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5037
182
1600
162
4,19479E+1
5
1,24151E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4526
182
1600
4,19484E+1
5
1,24146E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4348
182
1600
4,1949E+15
1,24141E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.50
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4734
182
1600
4,19497E+1
5
1,24135E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4341
182
1600
4,19501E+1
5 1,241
3E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3798
182
1600
4,19506E+1
5
1,24125E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4039
182
1600
4,19512E+1
5
1,24124E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4944
182
1600
4,19518E+1
5
1,24124E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5074
182
1600
4,19526E+1
5
1,24122E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3898
182
1600
4,1954E+15
1,24121E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 57
182
1600
4,19548E+1
5
1,24122E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5504
182
1600
4,19556E+1
5
1,24124E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.51
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3371
182
1600
4,19562E+1
5
1,24125E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.52
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3547
182
1600
4,19567E+1
5
1,24125E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.52
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2426
182
1600
4,19569E+1
5
1,24127E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.54
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 66
182
1600
4,19573E+1
5
1,24149E+1
5 6646
17/10/2018
16.55
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1654
182
1600
4,19578E+1
5
1,24123E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
16.55
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
9975
182
1600
4,19587E+1
5
1,24123E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.55
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6838
182
1600
163
4,19596E+1
5
1,24119E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.55
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6213
182
1600
4,19602E+1
5
1,24111E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.55
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4744
182
1600
4,19605E+1
5
1,24106E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.55
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3739
182
1600
4,1961E+15
1,241E+15 8
17/10/2018
16.55
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3401
182
1600
4,19614E+1
5
1,24096E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.55
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3318
182
1600
4,19619E+1
5
1,24091E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 47
182
1600
4,19627E+1
5
1,24086E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7037
182
1600
4,19638E+1
5
1,24089E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7353
182
1600
4,19646E+1
5
1,24091E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6813
182
1600
4,19656E+1
5
1,24092E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6834
182
1600
4,19664E+1
5
1,24092E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5317
182
1600
4,19672E+1
5
1,24095E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6037
182
1600
4,1968E+15
1,24094E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2595
182
1600
4,19696E+1
5
1,24089E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.56
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
8403
182
1600
4,19708E+1
5
1,24085E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1000
1 18
1600
4,19721E+1
5
1,24083E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1025
9 18
1600
4,19733E+1
5
1,24079E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1020
4 18
1600
4,19746E+1
5
1,24079E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1019
4 18
1600
164
4,19759E+1
5
1,24079E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1025
5 18
1600
4,19773E+1
5
1,24079E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
9878
182
1600
4,19785E+1
5
1,24082E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
9512
182
1600
4,19796E+1
5
1,24084E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
9054
182
1600
4,19808E+1
5
1,24085E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7733
182
1600
4,19819E+1
5 1,240
8E+15 6
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5122
182
1600
4,19828E+1
5
1,24076E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.57
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6682
182
1600
4,19838E+1
5
1,24078E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
16.58
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3584
182
1600
4,19836E+1
5
1,24082E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.58
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1323
182
1600
4,19843E+1
5
1,24082E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
16.58
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
154
182
1600
4,19847E+1
5
1,24075E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.58
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4792
182
1600
4,1985E+15
1,24069E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
16.58
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2624
182
1600
4,19854E+1
5
1,24063E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.58
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3856
182
1600
4,19856E+1
5
1,24055E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.59
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4048
182
1600
4,19859E+1
5
1,24048E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.59
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4128
182
1600
4,19862E+1
5
1,24041E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.59
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3618
182
1600
4,19864E+1
5
1,24034E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.59
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4695
182
1600
4,19869E+1
5
1,24025E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.59
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4842
182
1600
165
4,19882E+1
5
1,24009E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.59
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
8085
182
1600
4,1989E+15
1,24E+15 16
17/10/2018
16.59
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7543
182
1600
4,19896E+1
5
1,23992E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.59
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7525
182
1600
4,19904E+1
5
1,23983E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
16.59
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5553
182
1600
4,19909E+1
5
1,23976E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4892
182
1600
4,19912E+1
5 1,239
7E+15 12
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4469
182
1600
4,19917E+1
5
1,23962E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4996
182
1600
4,19923E+1
5
1,23953E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6918
182
1600
4,19929E+1
5
1,23943E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6774
182
1600
4,19936E+1
5
1,23933E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7875
182
1600
4,19944E+1
5
1,23921E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
8193
182
1600
4,19951E+1
5
1,23913E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6325
182
1600
4,19958E+1
5
1,23904E+1
5 200
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6264
182
1600
4,19965E+1
5
1,23893E+1
5 48
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6266
182
1600
4,19969E+1
5
1,23878E+1
5 24
17/10/2018
17.00
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
9138
182
1600
4,19972E+1
5
1,23865E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6953
182
1600
4,19975E+1
5
1,23851E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
8645
182
1600
4,19979E+1
5
1,23837E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
9231
182
1600
166
4,19987E+1
5
1,23824E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
8091
182
1600
4,19997E+1
5
1,23818E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
832
182
1600
4,20007E+1
5
1,23811E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
9614
182
1600
4,20016E+1
5
1,23801E+1
5 252
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7662
182
1600
4,20024E+1
5
1,23791E+1
5 200
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
8494
182
1600
4,20034E+1
5
1,23784E+1
5 149
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
664
182
1600
4,20052E+1
5
1,23788E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.01
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
7211
182
1600
4,20062E+1
5
1,23787E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.02
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
677
182
1600
4,20072E+1
5
1,23782E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.02
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6967
182
1600
4,20081E+1
5
1,23775E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.02
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6989
182
1600
4,20086E+1
5
1,23763E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.02
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5897
182
1600
4,20088E+1
5
1,23754E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
17.02
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4936
182
1600
4,20094E+1
5
1,23755E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.02
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3507
182
1600
4,201E+15
1,23756E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
17.02
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4796
182
1600
4,20106E+1
5 1,237
5E+15 12
17/10/2018
17.02
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2063
182
1600
4,20104E+1
5
1,23739E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5837
182
1600
4,20102E+1
5
1,23729E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
6229
182
1600
4,20103E+1
5
1,23717E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5564
182
1600
167
4,20105E+1
5
1,23707E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5457
182
1600
4,20106E+1
5
1,23697E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5906
182
1600
4,20108E+1
5
1,23687E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5198
182
1600
4,20111E+1
5 1,236
8E+15 12
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2931
182
1600
4,20114E+1
5
1,23673E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4601
182
1600
4,20119E+1
5
1,23673E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2256
182
1600
4,20127E+1
5
1,23679E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.03
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 55
182
1600
4,20133E+1
5
1,23683E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.04
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5052
182
1600
4,20139E+1
5
1,23687E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.04
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3556
182
1600
4,20144E+1
5
1,23689E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.04
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1443
182
1600
4,2015E+15
1,23689E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.04
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1901
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5
1,23692E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.04
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
149
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5
1,23693E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
17.10
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 15
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5
1,23693E+1
5 65
17/10/2018
17.10
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 0
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5
1,23691E+1
5 48
17/10/2018
17.11
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
153
182
1600
4,20157E+1
5
1,23695E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
17.11
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1674
182
1600
4,2016E+15
1,23698E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
17.11
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2678
182
1600
4,20159E+1
5
1,23703E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
17.11
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2586
182
1600
168
4,20159E+1
5
1,23709E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
17.11
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2702
182
1600
4,20158E+1
5
1,23713E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
17.11
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2941
182
1600
4,20157E+1
5
1,23721E+1
5 32
17/10/2018
17.11
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4016
182
1600
4,20156E+1
5 1,237
3E+15 32
17/10/2018
17.11
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 43
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5 1,237
4E+15 32
17/10/2018
17.12
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1366
182
1600
4,20155E+1
5
1,23745E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.12
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
367
182
1600
4,20154E+1
5
1,23747E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.13
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 41
182
1600
4,20154E+1
5
1,23749E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.13
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
517
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5
1,23752E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.13
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
384
182
1600
4,20152E+1
5
1,23754E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.14
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
469
182
1600
4,20152E+1
5
1,23754E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.15
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 8
182
1600
4,2015E+15
1,23757E+1
5 64
17/10/2018
17.15
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1756
182
1600
4,2015E+15
1,23756E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.16
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
489
182
1600
4,20148E+1
5
1,23754E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.16
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
162
182
1600
4,20147E+1
5
1,23753E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
17.17
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
463
182
1600
4,20148E+1
5
1,23755E+1
5 8
17/10/2018
17.17
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
279
182
1600
4,2015E+15
1,23755E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.18
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
223
182
1600
4,20152E+1
5
1,23756E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.18
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
437
182
1600
169
4,20152E+1
5
1,23754E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
17.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
187
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5
1,23752E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
17.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
524
182
1600
4,20154E+1
5 1,237
5E+15 6
17/10/2018
17.19
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
231
182
1600
4,20155E+1
5
1,23748E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
17.20
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 33
182
1600
4,20155E+1
5
1,23745E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
17.20
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
219
182
1600
4,20154E+1
5
1,23743E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
17.21
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 21
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5
1,23742E+1
5 6
17/10/2018
17.22
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600) 73
182
1600
4,20154E+1
5
1,23744E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.23
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
227
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5
1,23749E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.23
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1442
182
1600
4,20149E+1
5
1,23749E+1
5 12
17/10/2018
17.23
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1645
182
1600
4,20145E+1
5
1,23748E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.23
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1993
182
1600
4,20145E+1
5
1,23753E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2082
182
1600
4,20144E+1
5 1,237
6E+15 16
17/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2589
182
1600
4,20143E+1
5
1,23765E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2076
182
1600
4,20142E+1
5 1,237
7E+15 16
17/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1823
182
1600
4,20139E+1
5
1,23771E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
761
182
1600
4,20135E+1
5
1,23771E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.24
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1928
182
1600
4,20131E+1
5
1,23772E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1698
182
1600
170
4,20127E+1
5
1,23772E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
902
182
1600
4,20124E+1
5
1,23773E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2125
182
1600
4,20119E+1
5
1,23773E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2926
182
1600
4,20113E+1
5
1,23775E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
271
182
1600
4,20109E+1
5
1,23777E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3321
182
1600
4,20104E+1
5
1,23781E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4034
182
1600
4,20099E+1
5
1,23785E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.25
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3439
182
1600
4,20094E+1
5
1,23787E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
317
182
1600
4,20093E+1
5 1,237
8E+15 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3119
182
1600
4,20095E+1
5
1,23773E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4571
182
1600
4,201E+15
1,23766E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5074
182
1600
4,20105E+1
5
1,23758E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4155
182
1600
4,20106E+1
5 1,237
5E+15 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3961
182
1600
4,20105E+1
5
1,23743E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4469
182
1600
4,20102E+1
5
1,23733E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5473
182
1600
4,20102E+1
5
1,23723E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
4876
182
1600
4,20104E+1
5
1,23713E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.26
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5135
182
1600
4,20105E+1
5
1,23703E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5758
182
1600
171
4,20106E+1
5
1,23692E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
5673
182
1600
4,2011E+15
1,23682E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
465
182
1600
4,20113E+1
5
1,23675E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3947
182
1600
4,20118E+1
5
1,23673E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
174
182
1600
4,20124E+1
5
1,23676E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3468
182
1600
4,20129E+1
5 1,236
8E+15 16
17/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3755
182
1600
4,20134E+1
5
1,23684E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.27
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
3592
182
1600
4,20139E+1
5
1,23687E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2903
182
1600
4,20145E+1
5
1,23689E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
1652
182
1600
4,2015E+15
1,23689E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2608
182
1600
4,20153E+1
5
1,23692E+1
5 16
17/10/2018
17.28
17/10/2018
19.54
CEST Europe/Rome (7200 - 3600)
2426
182
1600
172
FIGURE INDEX
Figure 1 – Urban congestion ............................................................................................... 4
Figure 2 – Member countries of EPOMM ........................................................................... 6
Figure 3 – Exemple of interchange parking for park and ride ............................................ 9
Figure 4 – Movesion logo .................................................................................................. 11
Figure 5 – Control panel .................................................................................................... 12
Figure 6 – MM’s questionnaire ......................................................................................... 12
Figure 7 – MM’s questionnaire ......................................................................................... 13
Figure 8 – MM’s questionnaire ......................................................................................... 13
Figure 9 – MM’s questionnaire ......................................................................................... 13
Figure 10 – Employees’ questionnaire .............................................................................. 14
Figure 11 – State of the survey ......................................................................................... 15
Figure 12 – Contact form .................................................................................................. 15
Figure 13 – Surveys’ report ............................................................................................... 16
Figure 14 – Exemple of modal split ................................................................................... 17
Figure 15 – Map tool with the modal split ........................................................................ 17
Figure 16 – Example of balance sheet tool ....................................................................... 18
Figure 17 – Interventions in Mobility Manager ................................................................ 18
Figure 188 – Variance-Covariance matrix in MNL............................................................. 22
Figure 19 – 4 Step Model .................................................................................................. 23
Figure 20 – Mobility Manager’s Simulation Model........................................................... 27
Figure 21 – Questions dedicated to gamification ............................................................. 44
Figure 22 – Questions implemented in the software ....................................................... 45
Figure 23 – Global warming .............................................................................................. 48
Figure 24 – Main sections of a Gamification App ............................................................. 50
Figure 25 – Gamification app ............................................................................................ 51
Figure 26 - Tracking ........................................................................................................... 52
Figure 27 – Age of the users ............................................................................................. 53
Figure 28 – Travel mode of the users ............................................................................... 53
Figure 29 – Official invitation for Android users ............................................................... 54
Figure 30 – Official invitation for Ios users ....................................................................... 54
Figure 31 – Most travelled paths ...................................................................................... 55
Figure 32 – Intervals of trip .............................................................................................. 56
Figure 33 – Different speed profiles ................................................................................. 56
Figure 34 – Awarding type ................................................................................................ 57
Figure 35 – Tools of a gamification App ............................................................................ 58
Figure 36 – Question in a gamification App ...................................................................... 64
Figure 37 - Activities .......................................................................................................... 67
Figure 38 - Status .............................................................................................................. 68
Figure 39 - Awards ............................................................................................................ 69
Figure 40 – Award in a gamification App .......................................................................... 70
Figure 41 – Survey interface ............................................................................................. 72
Figure 42 – Survey interface ............................................................................................. 72
Figure 43 – Survey interface ............................................................................................. 73
173
Figure 44 - Store ................................................................................................................ 74
Figure 45 - Store ................................................................................................................ 74
Figure 46 – Data monitoring ............................................................................................. 75
Figure 47 – Data monitoring ............................................................................................. 76
Figure 48 – Consequences of physical activity .................................................................. 81
Figure 49 – Cost of the life ................................................................................................ 82
Figure 50 – Benefits due to mortality reduction ............................................................... 83
Figure 51 – Benefits due to diseases reduction ................................................................ 83
Figure 52 - Productivity ..................................................................................................... 84
Figure 53 – Benefits due to productivity increase ............................................................ 85
Figure 54 – Benefits due to stress reduction .................................................................... 86
Figure 55 – Benefits due to physical activity .................................................................... 87
Figure 56 – Davines logo ................................................................................................... 88
Figure 57 – Cartography of site ......................................................................................... 89
Figure 58 – Davines campus ............................................................................................. 89
Figure 59 - Supply .............................................................................................................. 90
Figure 60 – Accessibility of Danives .................................................................................. 91
Figure 61 – Viale delle Esposizioni .................................................................................... 92
Figure 62 – Path of bus n.12 ............................................................................................. 92
Figure 63 – Strada Parma Rotta ........................................................................................ 93
Figure 64 – Employees’ origines ....................................................................................... 95
Figure 65 – Davines parking ............................................................................................ 101
Figure 66 – Via Calzolari Don Angelo .............................................................................. 107
Figure 67 – Origins of employee travel ........................................................................... 115
Figure 68 – Possible company bus path .......................................................................... 115
Figure 69 – Mobility Manager tools ................................................................................ 122
Figure 70 – 4 different Companies in the Parma Area .................................................... 122
Figure 71 – CSR logic ....................................................................................................... 123
174
TABLE INDEX
Table 1 – Choice Attributes and Priorities ........................................................................ 35
Table 2 – Emissions avoided ............................................................................................. 66
CHART INDEX
Chart 1 – Risk of mortality ................................................................................................ 78
Chart 2 – Risk of diseases .................................................................................................. 79
Chart 3 – Workplace productivity loss .............................................................................. 80
Chart 4 – Level of stress .................................................................................................... 81
Chart 5 – Compliance rate ................................................................................................ 94
Chart 6 – Modal split ......................................................................................................... 96
Chart 7 – Travel time ......................................................................................................... 96
Chart 8 – Reasons of travel choices .................................................................................. 97
Chart 9 – Possible transport alternatives .......................................................................... 98
Chart 10 – Euro classification ............................................................................................ 99
Chart 11 – Fuel systems of cars......................................................................................... 99
Chart 12 – Parking problems ........................................................................................... 100
Chart 13 – Access to the company car parking ............................................................... 100
Chart 14 - Parking ............................................................................................................ 101
Chart 15 – Private vehicle ............................................................................................... 103
Chart 16 – Possible PT modes ......................................................................................... 104
Chart 17 – PT travel time ................................................................................................ 105
Chart 18 – PT stops ......................................................................................................... 105
Chart 19 – PT transfers.................................................................................................... 106
Chart 20 – Bike parking problems ................................................................................... 107
Chart 21 – CO2 emissions (kg/year) ................................................................................ 108
Chart 22 – Nox emissions (kg/year) ................................................................................ 109
Chart 23 – VOC emissions (kg/year) ............................................................................... 109
Chart 24 – CH4 emissions (kg/year) ................................................................................. 110
Chart 25 – PM emissions (kg/year) ................................................................................. 110
Chart 26 – Calculation of fuel consumption (l/year)....................................................... 111
Chart 27 – Propensity to use PT ...................................................................................... 112
Chart 28 – Propensity to use car pooling ........................................................................ 113
Chart 29 – Propensity to use a bike ................................................................................ 114
Chart 30 – Propensity to use a company bus ................................................................. 116
Chart 31 – Propensity to use a gamification App ........................................................... 117
Chart 32 – New modal split ............................................................................................. 118
Chart 33 – New sustainable modes ................................................................................ 118
Chart 34 – New CO2 emissions (kg/year) ........................................................................ 119
Chart 35 – New Nox emissions (kg/year) ........................................................................ 119
Chart 36 – New VOC emissions (kg/year) ....................................................................... 120
Chart 37 – New CH4 emissions (kg/year) ........................................................................ 120
175
Chart 38 – New PM emissions (kg/year) ......................................................................... 121
Chart 39 – New calculation of fuel consuption (l/year) .................................................. 121
Chart 40 – Profit for mortality risk reduction ................................................................. 125
Chart 41 – Profit for diseases risk reduction ................................................................... 125
Chart 42 – Profit for productivity .................................................................................... 126
Chart 43 – Profit for stress reduction ............................................................................. 126
176
RINGRAZIAMENTI
Giunta alla fine di questo breve ma intenso percorso mi trovo a tirare le
somme e a ringraziare tutte le persone che hanno camminato insieme a me.
Ringrazio in prima linea il Professor Gentile per avermi affiancata tutto il
periodo della magistrale: dall’esame, uno dei primi che ho sostenuto, fino
alla stesura della tesi. Poter contare su un docente del suo calibro è stato un
onore indescrivibile.
Una figura fondamentale nell’ultima parte del percorso è stata il Dottor
Petrocelli per avermi dato in prima istanza l’opportunità di effettuare
un’esperienza lavorativa in uno studio di ingegneria ed inoltre per la
possibilità fornitami nel poter scrivere la tesi all’interno di Movesion. Grazie
Claudio per i consigli e per la determinazione che mi hai trasmesso ogni
giorno: se oggi ho sulle spalle non solo conoscenze teoriche ma anche
consapevolezze lavorative è principalmente per merito tuo.
Lungo il cammino ho sempre avuto chi mi guardava e dispensava consigli e
forza appena provavo a sospirare. I miei genitori, Alessandro, gli zii ed i
miei cugini hanno da sempre creduto nelle mie capacità per raggiungere il
traguardo anche quando sembrava lontanissimo e preceduto da molte
difficoltà.
Fortunatamente non avevo solamente delle voci confortanti ma anche una
luce che con costanza e con spiccato senso illuminante ha seguito il mio
percorso. Importante e splendente come una stella di notte è stata ed è la mia
amica Flavia. Lo studio condiviso in intense mattinate, le preoccupazioni per
le tempistiche degli infiniti appelli e la gioia nello scriverti alla fine di ogni
esame in fondo mi mancheranno. Grazie per esserci sempre stata.
A tal proposito mi ritengo soddisfatta e consapevole di aver avuto intorno a
me persone speciali sia da un punto di vista accademico e lavorativo che
affettivo.
177
La figura più incisiva per la scelta di questo percorso e per la vicinanza
quotidiana è qualcuno per cui, probabilmente, dei semplici ringraziamenti
non bastano. Lui è riuscito a trasmettermi la passione per il mondo dei
trasporti e la determinazione nel concludere gli studi in tempi brevi e con i
migliori risultati. Mi ha accolta con le indecisioni e i dubbi e mi ha portata
per mano ad una sicurezza accademica che non sapevo nemmeno di
possedere. Questo è stato possibile perché ha una spiccata bravura didattica
e perché fa tutto ciò che lo circonda con passione, intensamente e
costantemente. Grazie Danilo, non solo per essere un collega e per avermi
accompagnata durante il percorso universitario ti ringrazio al di sopra di
tutto per essere il mio compagno di vita.