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A Profile of Income Support Learners Clients Child and Youth Data Laboratory (CYDL) Longitudinal Project

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Key findings

Between 2005/06 and 2010/11, Income Support Learners (ISL) represented between 1.4% and 2% of Albertans between 18 and 25 years.

ISL clients were less likely to complete high school compared to individuals who were not in the ISL program.

Regardless of program type, the largest proportion of ISL clients were living in the lowest socio-economic neighbourhoods.

ISL clients had higher proportions of high cost health service use and mental health service use compared to individuals who were not in the ISL program; ISL clients were also more likely to suffer from injuries.

ISL clients with children had a higher proportion of high cost health service use compared to clients without children.

Compared to individuals not in the ISL program, ISL clients had higher rates of residential mobility; In addition, ISL clients with no children were more likely to remain in the same residence than those with children.

This report is part of the Longitudinal Project by the CYDL in collaboration with partnering government of Alberta ministries. Please see the last page for a brief description of the project and go to https://policywise.com to access other deliverables.

Visit https://visualization.policywise.com/P2dashboard to view an interactive dashboard that summarizes this population. This report is a companion to the interactive dashboard.

Contents

Key findings ........................................... 1

Background Literature………….……2

Data analyses ................................3 to 9

Tables ......................................... 10 to 29

Definitions and notes ........... 30 to 31

References ............................................ 32

About CYDL. ......................................... 33

The Income Support Learners program aims to help clients acquire the skills needed to secure employment, and provides financial assistance to meet basic needs and the costs associated with training. This report profiles Albertan youth (18 to 25 years old) who were funded Income Support Learners clients (henceforth known as ISL clients) at some point between 2005/06 and 2010/11. Non-funded clients, known as career information clients, were not considered in this report.

In this report, program type and household type are profiled against socio-demographic variables and crossed with ministry program use (see p. 2 for more details).

Program type includes the two funded ISL categories:

Work Foundations which includes clients who upgrade basic skills (e.g., literacy and numeracy, basic education, or life skills) or pursue academic upgrading (e.g., high school upgrading or university entrance preparation).

Training For Work which includes clients who engage in job training.

Household type includes:

Couple or single with children; Couple or single with no children

Introduction

https://visualization.policywise.com/P2dashboard

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Income Support Learners clients

Background Literature

Providing a context for the current report, this section highlights select literature related to Income Support Learners programs and clients. Income Support Learners is an Income Support program that aims to help clients acquire the skills needed to secure employment. A report based on Albertans found that Income Support clients tend to be in younger age groups, with 9% under 19 years old and 31%, which is the largest proportion, between 20-29 years old. The majority of individuals on Income Support who were previously working and expected to work were single parents (62%)2. International literature suggest that youth are more likely to receive income assistance if they grew up in a family that relied on income support3,4. Key barriers to permanent employment for individuals who are able to work include mental illness and addictions, lack of affordable childcare, lack of transportation, and poor skills in areas such as stress and conflict management or problem solving skills. The most common reasons for remaining on income support are a lack of work experience, health problems, child care challenges, lack of a high school diploma, and lack of self-confidence2. Re-entry into income support programs is increasingly being examined since re-entry implies that the desired outcomes for the individual, family, or program were not achieved. A large proportion of individuals re-enter income support programs, often within a few years of leaving them5. Albertan re-entrants tend to be female, single or single parents, 20 to 39 years old, and without a high school diploma5,6. In this report, Alberta’s Income Support Learners are profiled by a range of socio-demographic characteristics, such as region, gender, high school completion, age, socio-economic status, and residential mobility. Following this, the report provides new data on government program involvement including high cost health service use, mental health service use, health care registration, use of Income Support, students with special needs, and injuries. The report demonstrates the benefits of individual-level linkage of population data to further our understanding of this vulnerable population.

Footnotes

In this report, the total number of Income Support Learner clients include Work Foundations clients, Training for Work clients, and clients for whom a program type was not recorded, but who nevertheless, were in the Income Support Learners program (these clients ranged between 0.8% and 4.3% in any given year over the study period). Career Information clients are not included in this report.

Ninety-five percent confidence intervals were calculated to enable comparison of statistical differences between groups. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to test trends over time. Only effects that apply to a meaningful proportion of the population were noted in the text. See https://visualization.policywise.com/P2dashboard/ISLearnersStat.xlsx

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Before 2010/11, there was a greater proportion of Work Foundations clients than Training for Work clients. In 2010/11, this pattern was reversed.

Program Type (Table 1b: p. 10)

Income Support Learner (ISL) Clients by Region (Table 2, p. 11)

Regions are based on Children’s Services and Community and Social Services delivery regions (see Definitions and notes, p. 30; figure shows the 2010/11 study year).

In 2010/11, the proportion of ISL clients across Alberta ranged between 0.8% (Northeast region) and 2.8% (North Central region).

Human Services regions by percent of Income Support Learners clients for the 2010/11 study year

Income Support Learner (ISL) Recipients Time Trend (Table 1a: p. 10)

Between 2005/06 and 2010/11, ISL clients represented between 1.4% and 2.0% of Albertans between 18 to 25 years.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2005/06 2010/11

Work Foundations

Training for Work

Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by program type over time

4


Work Foundations and Training for Work clients were most likely to be 20 years old or older.

Over the study period, there was an increase in the proportion of 18 to 19 year old Work Foundations clients (not shown in figure; see Table 5; p. 14).

Age groups by program type (Table 5; p.

14 )

High school completion by program type (Table 4; p. 13)

High school completion includes credential and non-credentialed completers (see Definitions and notes, p. 30).

ISL clients were less likely to complete high school compared to individuals who were not in the ISL program.

There was an increase in high school completion for Training for Work clients over the study period.

Gender by program type (Table 3; p. 12)

The graph shows gender differences by plotting females.

Work Foundations clients were much more likely to be female than male.

Compared to males, there was a higher proportion of females in the Training for Work category during most study years.

20%31% 27% 23%

13%27% 31% 29%

24% 25% 25% 26%

Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by age group and program type for the 2010/11 study year

18-19

Work Foundations

Training for Work

Not in Income Support Learners

20-21 22-23 24-25

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2005/06 2010/11

Work Foundations

Training for Work

Not in IncomeSupport Learners

Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by gender (female) and programtype over time

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2005/06 2010/11

Work Foundations

Training for Work


Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years old, by high school completion andclient type over time

5


High cost health users are defined as Albertans who were in the top 5% of estimated costs for their age group and gender (see Definitions and notes, p. 30).

There was a higher proportion of high cost health service users for both client types compared to individuals not in the ISL program.

There was a decrease in the proportion of high cost health service users among Training for Work clients over the study period.

High cost health service use by program type (Table 8; p. 18)

Compared to individuals who were not ISL clients, both ISL client types had higher rates of residential mobility.

Work Foundations clients were the least likely to remain in the same residence in 2010/11.

Residential mobility by program type (Table 7; p. 17)

Socio-economic status by program type (Table 6a & b, pp. 15 & 16)

Figure shows results for the 2010/11 study year.

Regardless of program type, the largest proportion of ISL clients were represented in the lowest socio-economic neighbourhoods.

43%

23%18%

10%5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Lowest Middle Highest

Work Foundations

Percentage of Albertan children and youth aged 18 to 25 years, by socio-economic status and program type for the 2010/11 study year

34%

24%18%

14%10%

0%

20%

40%

60%


Training for Work

23% 20% 20% 18% 19%

0%

20%

40%

60%


Not in Income Support Learners

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

2005/06 2010/11

Work Foundations

Training for Work


Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by high cost health service use andprogram type over time

6


The Alberta Health Care Registry includes all children or youth who are eligible to receive insured hospital and physician services. See Definitions and Notes (p. 30) for more details. A lower proportion of ISL clients were in the

Alberta health care registry compared to individuals not in the ISL program.

There was a decrease in the proportion of Alberta Health Care registrants among Training for Work and Work Foundations clients over time.

Income Support provides financial assistance to Albertans who do not have the resources to meet their basic needs (see Definitions and notes, p. 30).

Regardless of program type, a greater proportion of ISL clients received income support compared to individuals not in the Income Support Learners program.

Over the study period, there was a decrease in the proportion of Training for Work clients who accessed Income Support and an increase among Work Foundations clients.

Alberta Health care registry by program type (Table 10; p. 20)

Income Support by program type (Table 11;

p. 21)

Mental health service use by program type (Table 9; p. 19)

Mental health service use is defined as receipt of a diagnosis from select services. See Definitions and Notes for more details (p. 31). Both program types had a higher proportion of

clients with mental health service use compared to individuals not in the ISL program.

The proportion of Training for Work clients receiving mental health services decreased over the study period.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2005/06 2010/11

Work Foundations

Training for Work


Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by health registry and programtype over time

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

2005/06 2010/11

Work Foundations

Training for Work


Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by Income Support and programtype over time

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

2005/06 2010/11

Work Foundations

Training for Work


Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by mental health service use and program type over time

7


Students with special needs receive special education programming services. This analysis only considers 18 to 20 years olds.(see Definitions and notes, p. 31).

Over the study period, a greater proportion of Work Foundations clients between 18 and 20 years were students with special needs compared to Training for Work clients.

Students with special needs by program type (Table 13; p. 23)

For the definition of “Injury/Harm”, see page 30.

Compared to Albertans who were not in the ISL program, a greater proportion of ISL clients suffered from an injury(ies) over the study period

Household type includes two categories: Couple or single with children; Couple or single with no children

The majority of ISL clients did not have children.

Over the study period, there was a decrease in the proportion of ISL clients without children.

Starting in 2008/09, there was an increase in the proportion of ISL clients with children.

Household type (Table 14; p. 24)

Injury/Harm by program type (Table 12; p. 22)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2005/06 2010/11

No Children

Children

Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by household type over time

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

2005/06 2010/11

Work Foundations

Training for Work


Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by injury/harm and program type over time

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

2005/06 2010/11

Work Foundations

Training for Work


Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 20 years, by students with special needsand program type over time

8


A greater proportion of ISL clients with children were represented in the older age groups (20 to 25) compared to the youngest age group (18 to 19).

Age groups by household type (Table 16; p. 26)

Gender by household type (Table 15; p. 25)

The majority of clients with children were female, though the proportion of these female clients decreased over the study period.

High cost health service use by household type (Table 17; p. 27)

High cost health service users are defined as Albertans who were in the top 5% of estimated costs for their age group and gender (see Definitions and notes, p. 30).

There was a higher proportion of clients with children who were high cost health service users compared to clients without children.

There was a decrease in the proportion of high cost health service users over the study period for clients without children.

17%31% 29% 23%

15%23% 29% 34%

Percentage of Albertan children and youth aged 0 to 25 years, by age group and household for the 2010/11 study year

18-19

No Children

Children

20-21 22-23 24-25

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2005/06 2010/11

No children

Children

Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by gender (female) and householdtype over time

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

2005/06 2010/11

No children

Children

Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by high cost health service use and household type over time

9


ISL Clients without children were more likely to remain in the same residence in 2010/11 compared to clients with children; this proportion increased over time (see table 18 page 28 for numbers and percentages.)

Residential mobility by household type (Table 18; p. 28)

Mental health service use by household type (Table 19; p. 29)

Mental health service use is defined as receipt of a diagnosis from select services. See Definitions and Notes for more details (p. 31).

Over the study period, there was a decrease in mental health service use for ISL clients both with and without children.

68%

54%

24%

31%

8%

14%

No children

Children

Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by residential mobility and household for the 2010/11 study year

No moves One move Two or more moves

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

2005/06 2010/11

No children

Children

Percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by mental health service use and household type over time

10


Tables

Program type

Number of individuals 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

Work Foundations 4,697 4,151 3,991 5,062 5,263 4,377

Training for Work 2,670 2,984 2,619 3,439 3,826 5,652

Not in Income Support Learners 434,762 454,755 480,687 491,903 493,860 496,252

Total N (only Income Support Learners clients) 7,367 7,135 6,610 8,501 9,089 10,029

Total N (including those not in Income Support Learners) 442,129 461,890 487,297 500,404 502,949 506,281

Percentage of individuals (Income Support Learners only) 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

Work Foundations 63.76 58.18 60.38 59.55 57.91 43.64

Training for Work 36.24 41.82 39.62 40.45 42.09 56.36

Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100

Percentage of individuals (incl. those not in Income Support Learners) 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

Work Foundations 1.06 0.90 0.82 1.01 1.05 0.86

Training for Work 0.60 0.65 0.54 0.69 0.76 1.12

Not in Income Support Learners 98.33 98.46 98.64 98.30 98.19 98.02

Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 1b: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by funded program type over time

Study year

Income Support Learners Clients

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

Number of Income Support Learners Clients 7,705 7,334 6,665 8,624 9,281 10,349

Total Population (18 to 25 years) 442,467 462,089 487,352 500,527 503,141 506,601

Percentage of Income Support Learners Clients 1.7% 1.6% 1.4% 1.7% 1.8% 2.0%

TABLE 1a: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years who were in the Income Support Learners program (funded clients), by study year

Study year

11


Region

Number in Income Support Learners 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

Calgary 1,922 1,751 1,507 1,899 1,814 2,054

Central 801 737 677 916 1,170 1,383

Edmonton 2,483 2,380 2,256 2,967 2,868 2,885

North Central 794 690 505 567 627 697

Northeast 127 166 116 111 133 83

Northwest 748 684 610 736 796 625

South 777 835 696 761 806 796

Total N 7,652 7,243 6,367 7,957 8,214 8,523

Number not in Income Support Learners 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

Calgary 140,877 147,006 155,607 160,407 162,050 163,003

Central 47,216 49,067 52,123 52,475 52,870 52,718

Edmonton 130,915 135,612 140,387 143,845 146,142 147,826

North Central 20,199 20,817 22,616 23,179 23,288 23,486

Northeast 7,432 8,019 9,243 10,078 10,470 10,940

Northwest 22,689 23,683 25,070 25,368 25,363 25,391

South 31,822 32,416 34,498 35,247 35,526 35,856

Total N 401,150 416,620 439,544 450,599 455,709 459,220

Total Number (Income Support Learners + not in Income Support Learners) 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

Calgary 142,799 148,757 157,114 162,306 163,864 165,057

Central 48,017 49,804 52,800 53,391 54,040 54,101

Edmonton 133,398 137,992 142,643 146,812 149,010 150,711

North Central 20,993 21,507 23,121 23,746 23,915 24,183

Northeast 7,559 8,185 9,359 10,189 10,603 11,023

Northwest 23,437 24,367 25,680 26,104 26,159 26,016

South 32,599 33,251 35,194 36,008 36,332 36,652

Total N 408,802 423,863 445,911 458,556 463,923 467,743

Percentage of Individuals in Income Support Learners by region 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

Calgary 1.35 1.18 0.96 1.17 1.11 1.24

Central 1.67 1.48 1.28 1.72 2.17 2.56

Edmonton 1.86 1.72 1.58 2.02 1.92 1.91

North Central 3.78 3.21 2.18 2.39 2.62 2.88

Northeast 1.68 2.03 1.24 1.09 1.25 0.75

Northwest 3.19 2.81 2.38 2.82 3.04 2.40

South 2.38 2.51 1.98 2.11 2.22 2.17

TABLE 2: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 who were Income Support Learners clients, by region over time

Study year

12


Program type Gender


Work Foundations Female 3,262 2,855 2,703 3,387 3,482 2,906

Male 1,435 1,295 1,288 1,670 1,774 1,466

Total 4,697 4,150 3,991 5,057 5,256 4,372

Training for Work Female 1,439 1,585 1,422 1,980 1,919 1,752

Male 1,231 1,399 1,196 1,450 1,898 3,885

Total 2,670 2,984 2,618 3,430 3,817 5,637

Not in Income Support Learners Female 210,978 220,552 234,121 240,610 242,358 244,936

Male 223,758 234,184 246,549 251,271 251,476 251,297

Total 434,736 454,736 480,670 491,881 493,834 496,233

Percentage of individuals 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

Work Foundations Female 69.45 68.80 67.73 66.98 66.25 66.47

Male 30.55 31.20 32.27 33.02 33.75 33.53

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Training for Work Female 53.90 53.12 54.32 57.73 50.28 31.08

Male 46.10 46.88 45.68 42.27 49.72 68.92

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Not in Income Support Learners Female 48.53 48.50 48.71 48.92 49.08 49.36

Male 51.47 51.50 51.29 51.08 50.92 50.64

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 3: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by gender and program type over time

Study year

13


Program type High school completion


Work Foundations Completed 95 150 252 387 452 552

Not Completed 318 446 575 962 1,344 1,396

Total 413 596 827 1,349 1,796 1,948

Training for Work Completed 39 167 219 371 585 1,558

Not Completed 46 205 242 396 533 679

Total 85 372 461 767 1,118 2,237

Not in Income Support Learners Completed 17,532 47,463 79,742 110,705 141,834 172,138

Not Completed 7,904 14,250 22,929 30,621 37,722 45,230

Total 25,436 61,713 102,671 141,326 179,556 217,368


Work Foundations Completed 23.00 25.17 30.47 28.69 25.17 28.34

Not Completed 77.00 74.83 69.53 71.31 74.83 71.66

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Training for Work Completed 45.88 44.89 47.51 48.37 52.33 69.65

Not Completed 54.12 55.11 52.49 51.63 47.67 30.35

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Not in Income Support Learners Completed 68.93 76.91 77.67 78.33 78.99 79.19

Not Completed 31.07 23.09 22.33 21.67 21.01 20.81

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Study year

TABLE 4: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by high school completion and program type over time

14


Program type Age groups


Work Foundations 18-19 770 709 694 1,055 1,135 869

20-21 1,459 1,312 1,271 1,584 1,601 1,350

22-23 1,493 1,207 1,137 1,335 1,418 1,160

24-25 975 923 889 1,088 1,109 998

Total 4,697 4,151 3,991 5,062 5,263 4,377

Training for Work 18-19 431 517 415 574 578 718

20-21 750 819 737 906 1,056 1,540

22-23 764 849 733 1,005 1,119 1,772

24-25 725 799 734 954 1,073 1,622

Total 2,670 2,984 2,619 3,439 3,826 5,652

Not in Income Support Learners 18-19 105,996 109,507 116,759 120,566 120,166 119,029

20-21 109,206 113,232 117,178 118,558 121,869 124,511

22-23 111,523 116,399 122,046 124,078 123,109 123,378

24-25 108,037 115,617 124,704 128,701 128,716 129,334

Total 434,762 454,755 480,687 491,903 493,860 496,252


Work Foundations 18-19 16.39 17.08 17.39 20.84 21.57 19.85

20-21 31.06 31.61 31.85 31.29 30.42 30.84

22-23 31.79 29.08 28.49 26.37 26.94 26.50

24-25 20.76 22.24 22.28 21.49 21.07 22.80

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Training for Work 18-19 16.14 17.33 15.85 16.69 15.11 12.70

20-21 28.09 27.45 28.14 26.34 27.60 27.25

22-23 28.61 28.45 27.99 29.22 29.25 31.35

24-25 27.15 26.78 28.03 27.74 28.04 28.70

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Not in Income Support Learners 18-19 24.38 24.08 24.29 24.51 24.33 23.99

20-21 25.12 24.90 24.38 24.10 24.68 25.09

22-23 25.65 25.60 25.39 25.22 24.93 24.86

24-25 24.85 25.42 25.94 26.16 26.06 26.06

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Study year

TABLE 5: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by age group and client type over time

15


Program type Socio-economic status


Work Foundations Lowest 2,015 1,830 1,566 1,910 1,930 1,515

Low middle 999 866 789 1,016 1,052 810

Middle 773 621 648 754 736 641

High middle 377 364 428 489 502 367

Highest 207 180 204 283 258 192

Total 4,371 3,861 3,635 4,452 4,478 3,525

Training for Work Lowest 1,116 1,135 961 1,156 1,194 1,452

Low middle 522 632 483 652 736 1,001

Middle 442 496 411 539 521 763

High middle 247 310 258 332 357 607

Highest 165 179 182 215 231 435

Total 2,492 2,752 2,295 2,894 3,039 4,258

Not in Income Support Learners Lowest 94,712 96,752 102,234 102,276 101,345 100,928

Low middle 84,206 86,266 89,520 90,875 90,506 89,949

Middle 78,857 82,064 86,095 87,890 88,260 88,645

High middle 63,552 67,023 71,839 75,158 77,328 78,799

Highest 64,900 69,159 73,914 78,196 81,967 84,358

Total 386,227 401,264 423,602 434,395 439,406 442,679

Study year

TABLE 6a: Number of Albertan children and youth aged 18 to 25 years, by socio-economic status and program type over time

16


Program type Socio-economic status

Work Foundations Lowest 46.10 47.40 43.08 42.90 43.10 42.98

Low middle 22.86 22.43 21.71 22.82 23.49 22.98

Middle 17.68 16.08 17.83 16.94 16.44 18.18

High middle 8.63 9.43 11.77 10.98 11.21 10.41

Highest 4.74 4.66 5.61 6.36 5.76 5.45

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Training for Work Lowest 44.78 41.24 41.87 39.94 39.29 34.10

Low middle 20.95 22.97 21.05 22.53 24.22 23.51

Middle 17.74 18.02 17.91 18.62 17.14 17.92

High middle 9.91 11.26 11.24 11.47 11.75 14.26

Highest 6.62 6.50 7.93 7.43 7.60 10.22

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Not in Income Support Learners Lowest 24.52 24.11 24.13 23.54 23.06 22.80

Low middle 21.80 21.50 21.13 20.92 20.60 20.32

Middle 20.42 20.45 20.32 20.23 20.09 20.02

High middle 16.45 16.70 16.96 17.30 17.60 17.80

Highest 16.80 17.24 17.45 18.00 18.65 19.06

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 6b: Percentage of Albertan children and youth aged 18 to 25 years, by socio-economic status and program type over time

Study year

17


Program type Residential mobility


Work Foundations No moves 2,097 1,999 1,852 2,199 2,262 1,995

One Move 1,101 879 774 868 936 904

Two or more moves 571 370 342 370 424 438

Total 3,769 3,248 2,968 3,437 3,622 3,337

Training for Work No moves 1,284 1,496 1,240 1,455 1,698 2,574

One Move 519 550 461 526 499 946

Two or more moves 221 195 180 224 185 253

Total 2,024 2,241 1,881 2,205 2,382 3,773

Not in Income Support Learners No moves 268,162 277,340 292,054 314,987 351,960 357,123

One Move 63,832 63,797 68,377 61,155 39,118 38,096

Two or more moves 13,790 12,594 13,643 11,123 6,130 5,877

Total 345,784 353,731 374,074 387,265 397,208 401,096


Work Foundations No moves 55.64 61.55 62.40 63.98 62.45 59.78

One Move 29.21 27.06 26.08 25.25 25.84 27.09

Two or more moves 15.15 11.39 11.52 10.77 11.71 13.13

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Training for Work No moves 63.44 66.76 65.92 65.99 71.28 68.22

One Move 25.64 24.54 24.51 23.85 20.95 25.07

Two or more moves 10.92 8.70 9.57 10.16 7.77 6.71

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Not in Income Support Learners No moves 77.55 78.40 78.07 81.34 88.61 89.04

One Move 18.46 18.04 18.28 15.79 9.85 9.50

Two or more moves 3.99 3.56 3.65 2.87 1.54 1.47

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Study year

TABLE 7: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by residential mobility and program type over time

18


Program type High cost health user


Work Foundations High cost health user 446 399 321 401 446 407

Not high cost health user 3,323 2,849 2,647 3,036 3,176 2,930

Total 3,769 3,248 2,968 3,437 3,622 3,337

Training for Work High cost health user 237 238 161 204 217 249


Total 2,024 2,241 1,881 2,205 2,382 3,773

Not in Income Support Learners High cost health user 16,496 16,750 18,380 19,029 19,326 19,589


Total 345,784 353,731 374,074 387,265 397,209 401,097


Work Foundations High cost health user 11.83 12.28 10.82 11.67 12.31 12.20

Not high cost health user 88.17 87.72 89.18 88.33 87.69 87.80

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Training for Work High cost health user 11.71 10.62 8.56 9.25 9.11 6.60


Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Not in Income Support Learners High cost health user 4.77 4.74 4.91 4.91 4.87 4.88


Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 8: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by high cost health service use and program type over time

Study year

19


Program type Mental Health Service Use


Work Foundations With Service 688 591 511 600 692 622

Without Service 3,083 2,658 2,458 2,838 2,936 2,719

Total 3,771 3,249 2,969 3,438 3,628 3,341

Training for Work With Service 390 395 355 387 416 440

Without Service 1,636 1,846 1,527 1,819 1,966 3,336

Total 2,026 2,241 1,882 2,206 2,382 3,776

Not in Income Support Learners With Service 24,511 25,225 27,587 28,510 29,044 29,789

Without Service 321,419 328,679 346,677 358,955 368,399 371,546

Total 345,930 353,904 374,264 387,465 397,443 401,335


Work Foundations With Service 18.24 18.19 17.21 17.45 19.07 18.62

Without Service 81.76 81.81 82.79 82.55 80.93 81.38

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Training for Work With Service 19.25 17.63 18.86 17.54 17.46 11.65

Without Service 80.75 82.37 81.14 82.46 82.54 88.35

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Not in Income Support Learners With Service 7.09 7.13 7.37 7.36 7.31 7.42

Without Service 92.91 92.87 92.63 92.64 92.69 92.58

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 9: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by mental health service use and program type over time

Study year

20


Program type Health registry


Work Foundations Registered 3,769 3,248 2,968 3,437 3,622 3,337

Not registered 700 694 838 1,403 1,467 869

Total 4,469 3,942 3,806 4,840 5,089 4,206

Training for Work Registered 2,024 2,241 1,881 2,205 2,382 3,773

Not registered 508 576 607 1,083 1,336 1,743

Total 2,532 2,817 2,488 3,288 3,718 5,516

Not in Income Support Learners Registered 345,784 353,731 374,074 387,265 397,209 401,097

Not registered 52,471 57,869 62,491 64,376 63,453 63,511

Total 398,255 411,600 436,565 451,641 460,662 464,608


Work Foundations Registered 84.34 82.39 77.98 71.01 71.17 79.34

Not registered 15.66 17.61 22.02 28.99 28.83 20.66

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Training for Work Registered 79.94 79.55 75.60 67.06 64.07 68.40

Not registered 20.06 20.45 24.40 32.94 35.93 31.60

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Not in Income Support Learners Registered 86.82 85.94 85.69 85.75 86.23 86.33

Not registered 13.18 14.06 14.31 14.25 13.77 13.67

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 10: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by health registry and program type over time

Study year

21


Program type Income Support Client


Work Foundations Yes 942 861 758 1,051 1,326 1,186

No 3,755 3,290 3,233 4,011 3,937 3,191

Total 4,697 4,151 3,991 5,062 5,263 4,377

Training for Work Yes 578 533 464 717 790 752

No 2,092 2,451 2,155 2,722 3,036 4,900

Total 2,670 2,984 2,619 3,439 3,826 5,652

Not in Income Support Learners Yes 6,763 5,768 10,279 12,070 12,290 10,554

No 427,999 448,987 470,408 479,833 481,570 485,698

Total 434,762 454,755 480,687 491,903 493,860 496,252


Work Foundations Yes 20.06 20.74 18.99 20.76 25.19 27.10

No 79.94 79.26 81.01 79.24 74.81 72.90

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Training for Work Yes 21.65 17.86 17.72 20.85 20.65 13.31

No 78.35 82.14 82.28 79.15 79.35 86.69

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Not in Income Support Learners Yes 1.56 1.27 2.14 2.45 2.49 2.13

No 98.44 98.73 97.86 97.55 97.51 97.87

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 11: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by Income Support and program type over time

Study year

22


Program type Injury/Harm


Work Foundations Yes 760 666 611 706 728 698

No 3,009 2,582 2,357 2,731 2,894 2,639

Total 3,769 3,248 2,968 3,437 3,622 3,337


No 1,549 1,717 1,475 1,737 1,880 2,913

Total 2,024 2,241 1,881 2,205 2,382 3,773


No 292,322 300,316 318,523 332,880 343,559 345,207

Total 345,784 353,731 374,074 387,265 397,209 401,097

Percent of individuals 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11


No 79.84 79.50 79.41 79.46 79.90 79.08

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100


No 76.53 76.62 78.42 78.78 78.93 77.21

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100


No 84.54 84.90 85.15 85.96 86.49 86.07

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 12: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by injury/harm and program type over time

Study year

23


Program typeStudents with special

needs


Work Foundations Yes 152 129 113 126 174 157

No 1,029 992 946 1,414 1,485 1,122

Total 1,181 1,121 1,059 1,540 1,659 1,279


No 628 744 616 818 855 1,130

Total 668 770 637 865 897 1,163


No 138,184 142,704 150,496 155,905 156,708 155,271

Total 141,537 145,999 154,210 159,733 160,796 159,402



No 87.13 88.49 89.33 91.82 89.51 87.72

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100


No 94.01 96.62 96.70 94.57 95.32 97.16

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100


No 97.63 97.74 97.59 97.60 97.46 97.41

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 13: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by students with special needs and program type over time

Study year

24


Household type


No children 5,575 5,675 5,695 7,621 7,898 8,048

Children 2,130 1,659 970 1,003 1,383 2,301

Total N 7,705 7,334 6,665 8,624 9,281 10,349


No children 72.36 77.38 85.45 88.37 85.10 77.77

Children 27.64 22.62 14.55 11.63 14.90 22.23

Total % 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 14: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by household type over time

Study year

25


Household type Gender


No children Female 3,061 3,098 3,288 4,514 4,334 3,165

Male 2,514 2,576 2,406 3,092 3,549 4,864

Total 5,575 5,674 5,694 7,606 7,883 8,029

Children Female 1,796 1,429 859 901 1,146 1,657

Male 334 230 111 102 234 642

Total 2,130 1,659 970 1,003 1,380 2,299


No children Female 54.91 54.60 57.74 59.35 54.98 39.42

Male 45.09 45.40 42.26 40.65 45.02 60.58

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Children Female 84.32 86.14 88.56 89.83 83.04 72.07

Male 15.68 13.86 11.44 10.17 16.96 27.93

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 15: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by gender and household

type over time

Study year

26


Household type Age groups


No children 18-19 990 1,038 976 1,473 1,505 1,373

20-21 1,778 1,798 1,769 2,266 2,388 2,473

22-23 1,652 1,592 1,598 2,096 2,186 2,330

24-25 1,155 1,247 1,352 1,786 1,819 1,872

Total 5,575 5,675 5,695 7,621 7,898 8,048

Children 18-19 303 236 155 208 294 336

20-21 524 391 255 262 312 519

22-23 689 514 281 265 385 670

24-25 614 518 279 268 392 776

Total 2,130 1,659 970 1,003 1,383 2,301

Total N 7,705 7,334 6,665 8,624 9,281 10,349


No children 18-19 17.76 18.29 17.14 19.33 19.06 17.06

20-21 31.89 31.68 31.06 29.73 30.24 30.73

22-23 29.63 28.05 28.06 27.50 27.68 28.95

24-25 20.72 21.97 23.74 23.44 23.03 23.26

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Children 18-19 14.23 14.23 15.98 20.74 21.26 14.60

20-21 24.60 23.57 26.29 26.12 22.56 22.56

22-23 32.35 30.98 28.97 26.42 27.84 29.12

24-25 28.83 31.22 28.76 26.72 28.34 33.72

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Study year

TABLE 16: Number and percentage of Albertan children and youth aged 0 to 25 years, by age group and household type over time

27


Household type High cost health service user


No children High cost health service user 427 434 379 446 465 415

Not high cost health service user 3,713 3,735 3,645 4,435 4,501 4,996

Total 4,140 4,169 4,024 4,881 4,966 5,411

Children High cost health user 269 212 105 163 207 267

Not high cost health user 1,578 1,221 743 665 940 1,629

Total 1,847 1,433 848 828 1,147 1,896


No children High cost health service user 10.31 10.41 9.42 9.14 9.36 7.67

Not high cost health service user 89.69 89.59 90.58 90.86 90.64 92.33

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Children High cost health service user 14.56 14.79 12.38 19.69 18.05 14.08

Not high cost health service user 85.44 85.21 87.62 80.31 81.95 85.92

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 17: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by high cost health service use and household

type over time

Study year

28


Household type Residential mobility


No children No moves 2,548 2,703 2,593 3,198 3,358 3,681

One Move 1,118 1,078 1,015 1,200 1,152 1,295

Two or more moves 474 388 416 483 456 435

Total 4,140 4,169 4,024 4,881 4,966 5,411

Children No moves 973 878 521 506 691 1,030

One Move 542 374 221 210 302 595

Two or more moves 332 181 106 112 154 271

Total 1,847 1,433 848 828 1,147 1,896


No children No moves 61.55 64.84 64.44 65.52 67.62 68.03

One Move 27.00 25.86 25.22 24.59 23.20 23.93

Two or more moves 11.45 9.31 10.34 9.90 9.18 8.04

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Children No moves 52.68 61.27 61.44 61.11 60.24 54.32

One Move 29.34 26.10 26.06 25.36 26.33 31.38

Two or more moves 17.98 12.63 12.50 13.53 13.43 14.29

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Study year

TABLE 18: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by residential mobility and household type over time

29


Household type Mental Health Service Use


No children Service use 748 698 707 835 920 784

No service use 3,396 3,472 3,319 4,048 4,051 4,633

Total 4,144 4,170 4,026 4,883 4,971 5,417

Children Service use 344 302 162 161 202 319

No service use 1,503 1,131 686 667 946 1,578

Total 1,847 1,433 848 828 1,148 1,897


No children Service use 18.05 16.74 17.56 17.10 18.51 14.47

No service use 81.95 83.26 82.44 82.90 81.49 85.53

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Children Service use 18.62 21.07 19.10 19.44 17.60 16.82

No service use 81.38 78.93 80.90 80.56 82.40 83.18

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

TABLE 19: Number and percentage of Albertan youth aged 18 to 25 years, by mental health service use and

household type over time

Study year

30


Definitions and notes

Age, gender, and postal code (translated into Statistics Canada dissemination areas) were provided for each individual by each participating program. In the case of discrepancies between programs, the most common value for an indicator was chosen. In the event of two or more most common values, the value for the indicator was chosen randomly from the most common values.

The Alberta Health Care Registry (also known as the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan Registry) includes all study participants (aged 0 to 30) who are eligible to receive insured hospital and physician services.

Children’s Services and Community and Social Services service delivery regions are used for regional analyses. Dissemination areas from the 2006 Census were used to determine regions. Those with missing dissemination areas are excluded from analyses. There are seven regions (Northwest, Northeast, North Central, Edmonton, Central, Calgary, South); the boundaries for these regions are shown on the map.

Cross-ministry analyses included only study participants who were linked across the relevant programs. This means that not all participants in the project were represented in every analysis. As well, only participants with a value for a given indicator were included in analyses involving that indicator (i.e., missing values were excluded).

High cost health service use: Cost estimates per type of service across physician visits (general practitioner or specialist), ambulatory care visits (emergency or other ambulatory care), and hospitalizations (by type of service) were obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Estimated costs per visit were summed across all visits for each individual. High cost health users were those in the top 5% of estimated costs for their age groups and genders.

High School completion is based on being a credentialed completer or non-credentialed completer during the study period. A credentialed completer has a high school diploma, high school equivalency diploma, or a certificate of achievement. A non-credentialed completer has post-secondary attendance, apprenticeship, or achieved academic standing with course completion, but does not have a diploma or certificate as found with credentialed completers. High school completers include all students who took up to five years to complete high school starting from grade 10.

Household type clients are categorized as a couple with children, couple with no children, single with children, or single with no children. Due to the small number of individuals, categories were aggregated (children or no children).

Injury/harm is defined by the presence or absence of injury diagnostic codes (a single ICD-10CA: V01-Y89.9) in Alberta Health and Wellness’ databases (Inpatient-Discharge Abstract Database and Ambulatory care). Only Albertans who were registered with the Alberta Health Care Insurance plan for the full fiscal year were included.

Income Support provides financial assistance to individuals (aged 16 and older) who are unable to meet their basic needs.

Income Support Learners provides assistance to individuals (aged 16 and older) who are in training, including basic costs to maintain their household, supplemental benefits, health benefits, and training benefits.

31


Definitions and notes (continued)

Mental health service is defined by the presence or absence of mental health diagnosis codes (two or more of ICD-9: 290-309.9, 311-314.9, 316, or a single ICD-10CA: F00-F06.9, F09-F69, F84-F99, G31.2, G44.2, R41.0) in Alberta Health databases (Inpatient—Discharge Abstract Database, Ambulatory Care, and Practitioner Payments), or in the Family Support for Children with Disabilities (FSCD) or the Assured Income for the Severely Handicapped (AISH) information systems. Only Albertans who were registered with the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan for the full fiscal year or who had a mental health service with FSCD or AISH were included. Mental health service use is a proxy for presence of a mental health condition; some youth with mental health conditions may not have accessed mental health services in Alberta during the year, and some mental health service use may have occurred for youth who did not in fact have mental health conditions.

Program type is divided into two categories: Work Foundations clients who upgrade basic skills (e.g., literacy and numeracy, basic education, or life skills) or do academic upgrading (e.g., high school upgrading or university entrance preparation); Training for Work clients who engage in job training.

Report population: For this report, age groups were equated across study years. This meant that individuals over the age of 25 years were excluded from analyses by year, because no study participants were older than 25 years in the first study year.

Residential mobility is defined as the number of unique postal codes within the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan registry during the study period. Health care premiums ceased to be collected on January 1st, 2009; addresses in the registry have been updated less often since that time, reducing their accuracy.

Socio-Economic Status (SES) captures the social and material environments in which youth lived. A youth was assigned a socio-economic status via an index based on the Statistics Canada dissemination area in which he or she resided7. Six indicators were included in the index: percent without a high school diploma, the employment rate, average income, percent of single families, percent of persons living alone, and percent of persons separated, divorced, or widowed. Socio-economic status values fell into five quintiles.

Students with special needs (aged 2.5 to 19) receive special education programming services.

Study population: The study included individuals with a date of birth between April 1, 1980 and March 31, 2011 and who received services from one of the programs in the study or were registered in the Alberta Health Care Insurance Plan between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2011. The youngest study participants were those born in the last study year. The oldest study participants were 25 years old at the end of the first study year and consequently 30 years old at the end of the last study year.

Tables are shown by fiscal year.

32


References

1. Fortin, P. (2011). Income support in the Canadian federation: International and interprovincial compari-sons and future directions. In New Directions for Intelligent Government in Canada: Papers in Honour of Ian Stewart, F. Gobert and A Sharpe (Eds.), pp. 211-226. Centre for the Study of Living Standards: Ottawa.

2. Alberta Human Resources and Employment. (2006). Working, Expected to Work Project (ETW). Retrieved from: http://employment .alberta.ca/documents/FCH/FCH-IS_working_expectedtowork.pdf

3. Brownell, M. D., Roos, N. P., MacWillilma, L., Leclair, L., Ekuma, O., & Fransoo, R. (2010). Academic and so-cial outcomes for high risk youths in Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Education, 33, 804-836.

4. Baron, J. D., Cobb-Clark, D. A., & Erkal, N. (2008). Cultural transmission of work-welfare attitudes and their inter-generational correlation in welfare receipt (IZA Discussion Paper. No. 3904). Retried from http://ftp.iza.org/dp3904.pdf

5. Chotai, V, Trendel, A., Autumn-Rae, D., Hodgson, D., & Lazarenko, D. (2006). Analysis of reentry into In-come Support program in Alberta project phase one. People and Skills Investment Division, Alberta Hu-man Resources and Employment.

6. Alberta Human Resources and Employment. People and Skills Investment Division, Steering Committee. (2006). Analyysis of re-entry into Income Support program in Alberta project phone one. Retrieved from http://emplyment.alberta.ca/documents/FCH/FCH-IS_is_reentry_analysis.pdf

7. Pampalon, R., Hamel, D., Garnache, P., Raymond, G. (2009). A deprivation index for health planning in Can-ada. Chronic Diseases in Canada, 29(4), 178-91.

The Child and Youth Data Laboratory

The Child and Youth Data Laboratory’s (CYDL’s) Longitudinal Project (Experiences of Albertan Children and Youth over Time, 2005/06 to 2010/11) is a joint initiative between PolicyWise for Children & Families and participating ministries in the Government of Alberta. The mandate of the CYDL is to link and analyse administrative data from Government ministries, to provide evidence for policy and program development.

The CYDL is managed by PolicyWise for Children & Families. PolicyWise is a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to develop and integrate evidence to inform, identify and promote effective public policy and service delivery to improve the well-being of children, families and communities in Alberta, Canada and internationally.

The current project. The CYDL Longitudinal Project, focuses on understanding the experiences of Albertan children and youth as they develop. The focus is service use within and across ministries, as it is related to key indicators and to the passage of time. Studying experiences over several years of development adds a valuable level of richness to an already ground-breaking initiative, providing detailed insight into the factors that help to shape our children and youth as they develop.

This project

This project was carried out on behalf of six ministries of the Government of Alberta. Each ministry collaborated extensively with the CYDL on this project, and their dedication to the project is gratefully acknowledged:

Our partners

Contact CYDL [email protected] (780) 944 8630 www.policywise.com

33

Suggested citation Child and Youth Data Laboratory (2016). A Profile of Income Support Learners Clients. Edmonton: PolicyWise for Children & Families. Last Modified: June 15, 2017

This study is based in part on data provided by the Government of Alberta. The interpretation and conclusions contained herein are those of the researchers and do not necessarily represent the views of the Government of Alberta. The Government of Alberta does not express any opinion in relation to this study.

Prepared by: Navjot Lamba and Xinjie Cui

Advanced Education Education Health Children’s Services Community and Social Services Indigenous Relations Justice and Solicitor General

34


Notes

35


Notes

a profile of income support learners clients profile of income... · support learners clients...

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