abb numerical relay echnology

8/18/2019 ABB Numerical Relay Echnology

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Substation Automation

and

Protection Training

Basic Concept Of Numerical Technology

Numerical Protection


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• Electromechanical Relays – Started 100 years ago

• Static or Electronics Relays – !ntroduced in 1"#0s

• $icroprocessor %ased Relays – Present era started in 1"&0s

'e(elopment of Protecti(e Relays

Protecti(e relays de(elopment has under gone follo)ing stages*


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!nitially protecti(e relays )ere of electromechanical design+ attracted

,rmature or mo(ing disc-cup type Operating principal - characteristics

of these relays is depended on operating force of electromagnet and

Retarding force of spring

.our types of Electromechanical relays )ere )idely used* $agnetic

attraction+ $agnetic !nduction+ '/,rson(al and Thermal units

These relays came in eistence in the %eginning of this century and

)ere the only choice till 1"0

Electromechanical Relays

!ntroduction*


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Electromagnetic Relay

CO!2

S3,'!N4

R!N4

'!S5



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The first time-overcurrent relay made by ABB, type

TCB, manufactured 1905


Induction type time over-current relay type I from 19!0

"ine distance relay type #$%C from 19&0


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'ra) %ac6 of Electromechanical Relays*

• Slo) and sluggish operation

• 3igh error 7upto 8 109: of measurement

• 3igh %urden on CT/s and PT/s

• 'rift in characteristics due to ageing of components

• No flei%ility in use hence %ecome redundant )hen system

gro)s and fault le(el increases

• Bigger dimensions

• .re;uent maintenance



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!ntroduction*

The epansion and gro)ing compleity of modern po)er systems ha(e

%rought a need for protecti(e relays )ith higher le(el of performance and

more sophisticated characteristics This has %een made possi%le %y the

de(elopment of semiconductors and other associated components

)hich can %e utilised in relay designs+ generally referred to asSolid


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Static or Electronics Relays

Typical circuit configuration for a Solid


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>a(eforms of the Solid


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Still static relays ha(e not fully met e(er gro)ing needs ofusers follo)ing short coming still o%ser(ed in static relays*

• 'ot muc( )le*ibilit+ in alication

• 'o memor+ )eatures o) reious )aults

• 'o sel) suerision



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Combifle' Assembly

A$(A )*itched scheme line distance relay - 19+

A$. full scheme line distance relay - 19+5



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!ntroduction*

,fter electromechanical and static relays came the

era of $icroprocessor %ased relays

These has %een a significant de(elopment in microprocessor %asedTechnology and it has %rought re(olutionary changes in all )al6s of

2ife 3o) can protection relay technology %e %ehind in adopting the same?

@sers no) ha(e a choice to use latest state of art microprocessor %ased

Relays

$icroprocessor Relays


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2ogic 'e(ices

Simple 2ogic 4ates


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2ogic 'e(ices

Simple Com%inational Circuit


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2ogic 'e(ices

Simple Se;uential Circuit


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Basic Operation*


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RO$* Read Only $emory+ used to store the relaying program

R,$* Random ,ccess $emory+ used for storing samples and

intermediate ;uantities

EAPRO$* Electrically Erasa%le Programma%le Read Only $emory+

used for storing relay settings

$emories*


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Binary Num%er Representation*


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,nalogue to 'igital Con(ersion*

Successi(e ,pproimation Con(erter


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Sample and 3old ,mplifier*


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Signal Processing is t(e e*traction o) in)ormation )rom measured data,

And an+ subse.uent trans)ormation o) signals reresenting t(is in)ormation

For detection, estimation, classi)ication or /ae)orm s+nt(esis0

Signal rocessing ma+ also include deriation o) in)ormation and rocessing

) it0

A digital rotectie rela+ receies seeral analogue inut signals )rom

Conentional current and oltage trans)ormers0 T(e digital rela+ does

Seldom roduce analogue outut signals0 suall+, a digital rela+ roduces

Binar+ outut signals0


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Typical Numerical Relay 3ard)are


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RE2 Numerical Relay 3ard)are Platform


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RE2 Numerical Relay Soft)are Platform


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D

,R

TR!P

101B

10210310

10$

B201

202

,RPFP3

,RC2OSECB

TR1

101TR!PCB,

,RCBRE,'G

B2OC5CRCR4BC

TR!PEHTFP310%

ST,RT

TRA

TAOR

Numerical Relays

2ess )iring

Programma%le and !nterconnecti%le Protection Soft)are Bloc6s and 2ogic


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Numerical techni;ue < ,d(antages

2ess )iring

D

d=

dtD

I/>

I

2

!@

'C

10

I#I

D

d=

dtD I/ >

I

!

@'C

I

#

I

Con(entional

relay

Numerical relay


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11

1A

1F

1I

R ΙΙΙΙΙB2OC5 ONE

CR

CR4

BC

TR1

ProtectionfunctionsB,S

CB RE ,' G C2OSE CB

,uto


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2ess aging pro%lems

Con(entional relay


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Testing .ault Testing

Repair

Repair

Con(entional

protection

Numerical protection)ith

self super(ision

Self super(ision

$TTR* year

$TTR* hours


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4ead+ Start Tri1%%3-'o-215%52!02!T461 T47FC 681

Parametration

Automatictesting

4eorting

Simulation

Parametration

7nergi9ingo) contacts

Status c(ec:

;irectionalc(ec:

RTS PC

n)ormation

4esetting o) indicationsC(ange o) arametersBac:-u control

2ocal $$!Test Kit

Calculation

Parametration

7aluation

7*ertanal+sis

S$S

Suerision

ControlStatusmonitoringSe.uentialControlStatistics

SCS


Communication


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4reater flei%ility

H

R

H4.C.

$F

$I

$A

$1

$

R4.CAR4.C1

H4.CR

• .our groups of settings

• !ndependent setting of all

parameters

• Ena%le-disa%le all functions

• Soft)are configuration of logic

• Soft)are configuration of

%inary !-O*s

• Reduced re;uirements

on spares


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Better functionality

H

R

H4.C.

$F

$I

$A

$1

$

R4.CAR4.C1

H4.CR

• .ull scheme distanceprotection

• Phase segregated current

differential protection

• Phase segregated CS

• Built


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•2ess space

•2ess )iring

•2ess terminations

•2ess components

•2ess aging pro%lems

•Self super(ision

•Communication

•4reater flei%ility

•Better functionality

•,dapti(e functions

There are only ad(antages?


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There are only ad(antages?

•Better performance

•Sa(ings in ci(il )or6s

•Sa(ings in erection+ ca%ling and commissioning

•Sa(ings in maintenance

•Sa(ings in cost-function


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Technology Comparison

Su%Lect Electromechanical Static Numerical

8easuring

7lements &s

Comarators

8icrorocessors,

;igital C>s

;igital SignalProcessors,

8easuring 8et(od 7lectrical .uantitiesconerted into

8ec(anical )orce,tor.ue

=eel detectors,comarison /it(

re)erence alue inanaloguecomarator

Analogue to ;igitalconersion,

'umericalalgorit(mstec(ni.ues ealuatetri criteria

Timing Function 8ec(anical cloc:/or:s, ;as(ot

Static Timers Counters

?isual ndication Flags, Targets =7;>s =7;>s =C; disla+

Tri Command Additional Tri4ela+ re.uired

Additional Tri4ela+ re.uired

Tri rela+ inbuilt


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Technology Comparison


Contacts

Assignments

Fi*ed Fi*ed Freel+ Con)igurable

Se.uence o)7ents

'ot ossible 'ot ossible Aailable


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8ultile

c(aracteristics

'ot ossible 'ot ossible Possible

8ultile ntegratedProtection Func0

'ot ossible 'ot ossible Possible

4ange o) settings =imited ide ide

Serice alueindication 'ot ossible Possible Possible

;isturbancerecording

7*ternal (ard/are 7*ternal


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Protection,Control,

8onitoring

nl+ rotection Protection,

8onitoring

Protection, Control,

8onitoring

Solution Fi*ed Fi*ed 7*tension and 'e/deelomentossible, oenarc(itecture

Fault

abb numerical relay echnology

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