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===Contention 1: The Southwest Border===

Non-state actors are attempting to exploit weaknesses at the border to conductoperations in the US**McCaul 12 **(MICHAEL T. McCAUL CHAIRMAN UNITED STATES HOUSE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY SUBCOMMITTEE ONOVERSIGHT, INVESTIGATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT [[http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/11-15-12-Line-in-the-Sand.pdf-http://homeland.house.gov/sites/homeland.house.gov/files/11-15-12-Line-in-the-Sand.pdf]] November 2012 "A LINE IN THE SAND:COUNTERING CRIME, VIOLENCE AND TERROR AT THE SOUTHWEST BORDER")Terrorism remains a serious threat to the security of the United States. The

ANDor its agents would attempt to exploit the porous Southwest border for retaliation.

Weaknesses at the US-Mexican border are a unique threatGray 12 (Dawn L. Bartell Norwich University Masters of Diplomacy David H. Gray Campbell University[[http://globalsecuritystudies.com/Bartell%20Hezbollah%20and%20Al%20Shabaab%20in%20Mexico.pdf-http://globalsecuritystudies.com/BartellHezbollah and Al Shabaab in Mexico.pdf]] Fall 2012 "Hezbollah and Al Shabaab in Mexico and the Terrorist Threat to the United States")The inability of Mexico to secure its sovereign territories and border areas has contributed toAND, the United States, or any other state in the international community.

Attack is impending-neg evidence underestimates their capabilityKanani 11 (Rahim Kanani, founder and editor-in-chief of World Affairs Commentary, Citing Rolf Mowatt-Larssen, Senior Fellow, BelferCenter for Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, former Director of the Office of Intelligenceand Counterintelligence, U.S. Department of Energy, former Chief of the Weapons of Mass Destruction Department, Counter-terrorist Center, CentralIntelligence Agency, recipient of the CIA Director~s Award, graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, June 29th, "New al-Qaeda Chief Zawahiri HasStrong Nuclear Intent", Forbes, http://blogs.forbes.com/rahimkanani/2011/06/29/new-al-qaeda-chief-zawahiri-has-strong-nuclear-intent/)We should be especially worried about the threat of nuclear terrorism under Zawahiri~s leadership.ANDwhat terrorists remain capable of accomplishing whe n they put their minds to it."

Insurgent attacks causes miscalc great power warsAyson 10 (Robert Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria Universityof Wellington, "After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects," Studies in Conflict %26 Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, AvailableOnline to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)Washington~s early response to a terrorist nuclear attack on its own soil might also raiseANDbe admitted that any preemption would probably still me et with a devastating response.

Attack destroys the world economy and causes retaliation leading toglobal warDiamond 8(John Diamond fellow of the Saga Foundation,, , [[http://blogs.usatoday.com/oped/2008/10/a-financial-apo.html 10/9/08-http://blogs.usatoday.com/oped/2008/10/a-financial-apo.html 10/9/08]] "A financial apocalypse isn~t nearlyas scary as a nuclear one,")The aftershocks As the Saga Foundation a non-profit organization focused on theANDour world as well as transform it and not for the better.

Efficient trade key to agriculture and food securityCoC 12 (United States Chamber of Commerce, "ENHANCING THE U.S. MEXICOECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP" 4-24-12)

In both markets, consumers and producers alike benefit from access to the other~s agricultura lANDreliable access to safe food at better prices, quality, and reliability.

Reduces the likelihood of GMO useDaily Yonder 8~~[The Daily Yonder, The Daily Yonder~s special reports also bring you overviews of the big issues now facing smallcommunities health, employment, broadband access, education, and economic development. We~re tracking how national policies are reaching (orignoring) rural communities. The Daily Yonder has been published on the web since 2007 by the Center for Rural Strategies, a non-profit mediaorganization based in Whitesburg, Kentucky, and Knoxville, Tennessee. The site was developed with the support of the Annie E. Casey Foundation, theNathan Cummings Foundation, the W.K. Kellogg Foundation, and the Media Democracy Fund (a project of the Proteus Fund)., "Will GeneticallyModified Crops End Food Crisis?," Daily Yonder, 4/25, http://www.dailyyonder.com/will-genetically-modified-crops-end-food-crisis~~]

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The worldwide food shortage and the rising cost of food are leading those who were reluctant to use or plant

g enetically m odified crops to change their minds, according to a front page story in The New York Times. "Soaringfood prices and global grain shortages are bringing pressures on governments, food companies and consumers to relax their longstanding resistance togenetically engineered crops," reports Times reporter Andrew Pollack.

GMOs cause superweeds that wipe out plant species ag collapseLean 2 ~~[Geoffrey Lean. Environment Editor, Independent, The (London), "GM cropsbound to `escape~, says EU", Mar 24, 2002,

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20020324/ai_n12597023~~]Genes will inevitably escape from genetically modified crops, contaminating organic farms, creating superweedsANDthe interbreeding could lead to natural wild relatives of the crops becoming extinct.

Loss of biodiversity leads to extinctionBenson 95 ~~[Robert, Loyola Prof of Law, "GETTING BUSINESS OFF THE PUBLIC DOLE:" August 1995http://heed.home.igc.org/publications/dole.html~~]Whole ecosystemswetlands, forests, mountains and de sertsthat since ancient timesAND. This is the folly our descendants are least likely to forgive us.

ACE solves border trade and securityBradley 12 (Melissa Bradley, writer for Trade Tech Inc, "Trade Tech Customers Take Advantage of Early Automated CommercialEnvironment (ACE) Approval" 8-14-12)The Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) is a system being developed by U.ANDlower cost will have positive impacts on the U.S. economy.

===1AC - Plan===

Thus the plan, the United States Federal Government should fullyfund and implement the Automated Commercial Environment land

port modernization program along the United States-Mxico border.

===Contention 2: Supply Chains===

Aerospace growth and competitiveness declining now strongersupply chains keyBernardini and Fitzpatrick 13 (Eric Bernardini and David Fitzpatrick, managing directors for AlixPartners, "Pockets ofTurbulence" June 2013)The airline sector reflects the current good-news/bad-news state ofANDmodel for which neither side is yet mature enough to implement and monitor.

US aerospace competitiveness key to air powerWatkins 6 (Todd, PhD-Harvard and director-Lehigh University~s Institute for Entrepreneurship, Creativity and Innovation, with ALANSCHRIESHEIM and STEPHEN MERRILL, Glide Path to Irrelevance: Federal Funding for Aeronautics, http://www.issues.org/23.1/watkins.html)World leadership in air transportation and aircraft manufacturing is widely viewed as a cornerstone ofANDin this sector, let alone international leadership, is to be ensured.

Air power key to US-Asia alliances and effective Asia pivotLowther 11 Dr. Adam B. Lowther is a member of the faculty at the U.S Air Force~s Air University. November 22nd, 2011, "Why U.S. NeedsAirpower Diplomacy," thediplomat.com/2011/11/22/why-u-s-needs-airpower-d iplomacy/?all=trueWhat makes affording a shift to the region particularly difficult is the fact that the

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ANDsensitive, and responsive to the requirements of a complex and changing region.

Effective Asia pivot solves multiple scenarios for nuclear warColby 11Elbridge Colby, research analyst at the Center for Naval Analyses, served as policy advisor to the Secretary of Defense~sRepresentative to the New START talks, expert advisor to the Congressional Strategic Posture Commission, August 10, 2011, "Why the U.S. Needs itsLiberal Empire," The Diplomat, online: http://the-diplomat.com/2011/08/10/why-us-needs-its-liberal-empire/2/?print=yes

But the pendulum shouldn~t be allowed to swing too far toward an incautious retrenchment.ANDThe ability and will to intervene is too important to be so wasted.

The Asia pivot protects straits of Malacca-key to Asian tradeKaplan 11 Robert D. Kaplan 11 is senior fellow at the Center for a New American Security, national correspondent for the Atlantic, and amember of the U.S. Defense Department~s Defense Policy Board, September/October 2011, "The South China Sea Is the Future of Conflict," online:http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/15/the_south_china_sea_is_the_future_of_conflict?print=yes%26hidecomments=yes%26page=fullThe South China Sea joins the Southeast Asian states with the Western Pacific, functioningANDTaiwan one, Vietnam 25, the Philippines eight, and Malaysia five.

Collapse of Asian trade causes US draw-in and nuclear warAuslin 9 Michael Auslin 9, resident scholar at AEI, "Averting Disaster", The Daily Standard, 2/6,

http://www.aei.org/publications/filter.all,pubID.29339/pub_detail.aspAs they deal with a collapsing world economy, policymakers in Washington and around theANDtypes of miscalculation and greed that have destroyed international systems in the past.

Plan key to aerospace sectorCoC 11 (United States Chamber of Commerce, "Steps to a 21st Century: U.S.-Mexico Border" 11-30-11)Much discussion takes place today about the ability of U.S. companies toAND, inventory is not an option. Trade facilitation is the only solution.

Trade efficiency especially key to UASAIA 13~~[Aerospace Industries Association, The Aerospace Industries Association represents the nation~s leading manufacturers and suppliersof civil, military, and business aircraft, helicopters, unmanned aircraft systems, space systems, aircraft engines, missiles, materiel and relatedcomponents, equipment, services and information technology., "Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Perceptions %26 Potential,"~~]

As U. S. defense budgets decline, maintaining a strong U. S. aerospace industry willincreasingly depend on an effective export strategyfor technologies where the United Statesis a global leader. There is no better example than UAS. According to the Defense SecurityCooperation Agency, approximately 556 models of unmanned systems are produced worldwide by 195

companies.21

UAVs key to ISRsolves crisis managementTrefz 3 John L, Jr., LCDR, US Navy, From Persistent ISR to Precision Strikes: The Expanding Role of UAVs,http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a420264.pdf"Operational intelligence is directed at collection, analysis, and evaluation of information dealingANDbut their loss would be more acceptable than that of a manned aircraft.

That prevents nuke war over TaiwanLieber 7 - Keir A. Lieber, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Notre Dame, and Daryl G. Press, Associate Professor ofPolitical Science at the University of Pennsylvania, Winter 2007, "U.S. Nuclear Primacy and the Future of the Chinese Deterrent," China Security, IssueNo. 5, online: http://www.wsichina.org/cs5_5.pdfHe notes that if China were to alert its strategic nuclear forces during a warANDits nuclear force or even attacking Taiwan in the first place.

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War over Taiwan inevitable - U.S. superiority causing Chinaescalation nowZhang 8 - Baohui Zhang, Associate Professor of Political Science, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, March 2008, "The Taiwan Strait and theFuture of China~s No-First-Use Nuclear Policy," Comparative Strategy, Vol. 27, No. 2, p. 164-182In fact, the Chinese military was awed by the American dominance in conventional warfareANDdevelop a nuclear doctrine "suitable for economically and technologically weak states."22

Taiwan escalates and goes nuclear - no defenseLowther 13 ~~[William Lowther, Taipei Times, citing a report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, 3/16/13, "Taiwan couldspark nuclear war: report," [[http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211-http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/03/16/2003557211]]~~]Taiwan is the most likely potential crisis that could trigger a nuclear war between ChinaANDarsenals, such a conflict would be tremendously dangerous and quite possibly devastating."

UAS will monitor agriculture and energy infrastructure againstattacks an attack would collapse the entire industryDarnall 11 ~~[Bart Darnall, "Unmanned Aircraft Systems: A Logical Choice for Homeland Security Support", Naval Postgraduate Schoolthesis, Dec. 2011, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2%26doc=GetTRDoc.pdf%26AD=ADA556271~~]Agriculture and food infrastructure comprises of production, processing, and delivery systems. A

ANDdusting greatly reduces the exposure of people to hazards associated with chemical contamination.

Leads to resource wars and extinctionLugar 4 (Richard G., U.S. Senator Indiana and Former Chair Senate Foreign Relations Committee, "Plant Power", OurPlanet, 14(3), http://www.unep.org/ourplanet/imgversn/143/lugar.html)In a world confronted by global terrorism, turmoil in the Middle East, burgeoningANDThe long-term environmental consequences could be disastrous for the entire globe.

===Contention 3: Solvency===

ACE underfunded - plan speeds up the project no disadsCoC 11 ("Steps to a 21st Century: U.S.-Mexico Border," A U.S. Chamber of Commerce Border Report,[[http:/ /www.uschamber.com/sites/d efault/files/reports/ 2011_us_mexico_report.pdf-htt p://www.uschamber.com/s ites/default/files/rep orts/2011_us_mexico_report.pdf ]])Another area of concern is the lack of progress related to, and budget cutsANDdecreases costs for businesses and provides governments with more accurate and accessible information.